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Gunbrandt, Annette. "Sexuell dominans : En kvalitativ studie av fyra sexuellt dominanta kvinnor." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social Anthropology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16600.
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<p>Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur fyra sexuellt dominanta kvinnor uppfattar sin sexualitet. Särskilt inriktar den sig på hur kvinnorna definierar sig som sexuellt dominanta och vad dominans innebär för dem sexuellt men också till vardags och generellt. Vidare undersöks hur informanterna uppfattar sin sexuella dominans i relation till sin identitet och sitt identitetsskapande överlag. För att kunna verkställa syftet har fyra kvinnor intervjuats som alla definierar sig som sexuellt dominanta på ett eller annat vis. Fortsättningsvis inriktar sig uppsatsen på kvinnor som utövar sin sexuella dominans via aktiviteter och uttryck för dominans vanliga inom bdsm.</p><br><p>This thesis aims to examine how four sexually dominant women understand their sexuality. It specifically concentrates upon how the women defines themselves as sexually dominant and what dominance means to them sexually but also what it means to them in everyday life and in general. Additionally this essay examines how the informants understand their sexual dominance in relation to their identity and in shaping their identity. In order to carry out the purpose of this thesis four women who define themselves in one way or another as sexually dominant have been interviewed. Furthermore the study focuses upon women who practice their sexual dominance through activities and expressions that are common in the world of bdsm.</p>
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Engström, Linnéa. "Manlig dominans och benägenhet att använda våld : ett genusperspektiv på krishantering." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-3832.
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Den här studien är ett bidrag till forskning om hur genus påverkar beslutsfattande i kris. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om graden av manlig dominans i parlamentet påverkar benägenheten för en våldsinriktad krishantering. Manlig dominans, demokrati och korruption samt staters benägenhet att använda våld verkar hänga ihop, men med komplexa samband och relationer. Som teoretisk ram används genusforskning från främst kritiska maskulinitetsstudier. Homosocialt kapital är en viktig valuta för politiker, dels för att kunna klara av situationer av osäkerhet, dels av pragmatiska skäl för att bygga politiska nätverk. Militariserad maskulinitet visar på graden av militarism i samhället och kopplar detta till normen om hegemonisk maskulinitet. Studien visar att graden av manlig dominans, demokrati och korruption är viktiga informella strukturer som i samverkan kan skapa en benägenhet för en våldsinriktad krishantering. Studien grundar sig i en kvantitativ undersökning med en statistisk design. Urvalet baseras på de länder som upplevt en kris med militära säkerhetsimplikationer under åren 1997-2007. Modellen med manlig dominans, demokrati och korruption kan predicera vilka stater i materialet som är mer benägna att använda våld som första respons när de upplever en kris. Studien visar att ett genusperspektiv på krishantering kan ställa nya frågor om kvalitén på demokrati och gott styre samt beslutsfattande i kris.
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Ajdahi, Sami, and Erik Hansson. "Stolthet-statusmodellen och attityder till utbildning : En kvantitativ studie om hur gymnasielevers upplevelser av stolthet och social status korrelerar med deras attityder till utbildning." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52620.
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Tidigare forskning av Cheng, Tracy och Henrich (2010) har identifierat samband mellan tvåfacetter av stolthet och två olika strategier för att nå social status. Dessa samband harkonceptualiserats till stolthet-statusmodellen. Den har tidigare undersökts i en amerikanskpopulation och det finns enbart en studie på en liten avgränsad svensk population. Vidarefinns det inga tidigare studier som har undersökt om stolthet-statusmodellen samvarierar medpositiva attityder till utbildning. Denna studies syften var därför att undersöka stolthet-statusmodellen på en svensk population samt undersöka hur de olika statusstrategierna ochstolthetsfacetterna samvarierar med positiva attityder kring utbildning. För att undersöka dettagjordes ett bekvämlighetsurval av 609 stycken elever på teoretiska gymnasieprogram som fickskatta sin subjektiva upplevelse av stolthetsfacetterna, statusstrategierna samt sina positivaattityder till utbildning. Gymnasieelevernas skattningar korrelerades och skillnaden mellankorrelationerna undersöktes. Resultaten visar att stolthet-statusmodellen delvis är valid på ensvensk population, att statusstrategier samvarierar signifikant med positiva attityder tillutbildning och att stolthetsfacetterna till viss del samvarierar signifikant med positiva attitydertill utbildning. Möjliga förklaringar till resultaten diskuteras tillsammans med enmetoddiskussion samt praktiska implikationer och förslag på framtida forskning om stolthet-statusmodellen och positiva attityder till utbildning.<br>Previous research by Cheng, Tracy and Henrich (2010) has identified relationships betweentwo facets of pride and two different strategies to attain social status. These relationships havebeen conceptualized to a pride-status model. The model has been tested on an Americanpopulation and only in one study has it been tested in a Swedish context. Moreover, there areno previous studies on the possible relationship between the pride-status model and positiveattitudes towards post-secondary education. Therefore, the purposes of this study were toinvestigate if the pride-status model is valid on a Swedish population and investigate how thedifferent status strategies and facets of pride relate to positive attitudes towards post-secondary education. In order to examine this, a convenience sample consisting of 609students in high school preparing for post-secondary education rated subjective experiences offacets of pride, social status strategies and attitudes towards post-secondary education. Thestudents’ ratings were correlated with each other and the difference between the correlationswas examined. The findings show that the pride-status model is partly valid on a Swedishpopulation and that the status strategies correlated significantly with positive attitudes towardspost-secondary education. The facets of pride were significantly correlated with positiveattitudes towards post-secondary education to some extent. Possible explanations of thefindings are discussed together with a methodology discussion and proposals for futureresearch within the area of the pride-status model and attitudes towards education.
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Kässlin, Tony. "Kinas väg till dominans? : En fallstudie om Belt and Road Initiative som utrikespolitisk strategi." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104329.
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The purpose of this essay is to explore China's foreign policy through Joseph S. Nye's theory of power applied on the Belt and Road Initiative. It aims to answer whether or not China's foreign policy has changed during Xi Jinping's presidency and in what way Belt and Road Initiative can be explained in terms of power behaviour and power resources. The method used in this essay is that of a case study. The empirical evidence shows that China's foreign policy has changed in a direction that is meant to strengthen Xi Jinping's influence and that Belt and Road Initiative is a project with the intention to accumulate economic resources. It also shows that China's government and domestic policies weakens its "soft power" resources due to restraints in its civil society. The essayc concludes that the Belt and Road Initiative is China and Xi Jinping's expansion strategy whose main objective is to create incentives for Chinese domestic, economic growth. It also concludes that Chinese "soft power" would increase if the domestic policies would aim for a more democratic course.
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Boudrie, Henrik, and Ellenor Moshél. "Testdatahantering i relation till GDPR : En studie om risker, maktförhållande, dominans och utanförskap som en följd av GDPR." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-72602.
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Rådberg, Jessica. "Att inte ha den naturliga platsen på arbetet." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31642.
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Studien belyser kvinnors upplevelser av arbete inom svensk herrhockey samt vanligt förekommande hinder som kvinnor upplevt ha stött på under sin karriär. Svensk hockey präglas utefter tradition av mycket manliga normer och är även en mycket mansdominerad arena och sport där framstegen i fråga om jämställdhet hindras av de sociala konstruktionerna maskulinitet och femininitet.Syftet med studien är att genom semistrukturerade intervjuer undersöka samt belysa hur kvinnor på högre positioner inom arbeten med koppling till svensk herrhockey upplever att arbeta inom en mansdominerad arena.Studiens tre forskningsfrågor är utformade för att kunna besvara syftet och för att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur kvinnor upplever att arbeta inom svensk herrhockey och är följande:1) Hur upplever kvinnor på högre positioner inom arbeten med svensk herrhockey att arbeta inom en mansdominerad verksamhet?2) Har respondenten stött på något arbetsrelaterat hinder under sin karriär och i sådant fall vilket/vilka?3) Exkluderas kvinnor från att arbeta och utvecklas inom svensk herrhockey?Metoden är av kvalitativ karaktär varav semistrukturerade frågor har genomförts med fem olika kvinnliga respondenter. Respondenterna har haft eller besitter i nuläget en högre position med koppling till arbete inom svensk herrhockey. Intervjuerna har genomförts antingen via telefon eller där respondenten och författaren träffats.Material har samlats in via tidigare nämnda intervjuer samt dokumentanalys. Resultatet påvisar att kvinnor generellt sett har en positiv upplevelse av arbete inom svensk herrhockey och att det hinder som de menar är mest centrala i frågan är att som kvinna bli tagen på allvar samt många gånger behöva bevisa sig i sitt arbete.Nyckelord: Hinder, jämställdhet, kvinna, mansdominans, svensk herrhockey och sport.<br>The study ”Not having a natural role within the workplace” highlights women's experience of working within Swedish ice hockey, and discusses common barriers in their work. Traditionally the Swedish ice hockey community is a highly male-dominated arena where the progress in equality is hindered by the social constructions of masculinity and femininity.The purpose of the study is to investigate and illustrate, through semi-structured interviews how women in higher positions experience working in a male-dominated arena.The research questions addressed by this study were:1)How does women in higher positions within Swedish Men’s Ice Hockey, experince working in a male dominated profession?2)Has the respondent encountered any work-related barriers during their career? If so, what?3)Are woman being hindered from working and developing within Swedish Men’s ice hockey? The study is based on a qualitative research method. Semi-structured interviews and document analysis are used as empirical material.The theoretical foundation of this thesis is based on six different theories: Social construction of genus, Hirdmans genus contract, The Gender Theory, The Female Theory, The Feminist Theory and The Social Role Theory. Results of the study shows that the participating women in general has a great experience working within Swedish ice hockey and in a male-dominated arena. The most common and central barriers were to be taken seriously and constantly prove themselves through their work.Keywords: Barriers, equality, female, male dominans, swedish icehockey and sport.
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Winqvist, Martin, and Alexander Gävert. "Är vi svenskar nu? : En kvalitativ studie om före detta ensamkommandeflyktingbarns syn på den egna kulturella identiteteni förhållande till den svenska kulturens dominans." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Sociologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28018.
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The purpose of the study was to seek a deeper understanding of how former unaccompanied refugees look at their situation in Sweden; how they describe their own sense of belonging, how they view participation in Swedish society and how they perceive "the Swedish culture". To answer the purpose of the study we have used a qualitative method in the form of semi structured interviews. During these interviews questions were raised based on three themes: KASAM (sense of context), cultural meetings and social interaction. The result showed that there are several reasons why cultural integration is difficult to achieve, that the respondents are to a small extent cultural-integrated and that the theories that exist about cultural integration cannot accurately be used to identify different types of integration.<br>Syftet med studien var att söka en djupare förståelse för hur före detta ensamkommande flyktingbarn ser på sin situation i Sverige; hur de beskriver och redogör för sin egen känsla av samhörighet, hur de ser på delaktighet i det svenska samhället och hur de uppfattar “den svenska kulturen”. För att besvara syftet med studien har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Under dessa intervjutillfällen ställdes frågor utifrån tre teman, vilka handlade om KASAM (känsla av sammanhang), kulturmöten och social interaktion. Resultatet visade att det finns ett flertal skäl till att kulturell integration är svår att uppnå, att respondenterna i liten grad är kulturellt integrerade samt att de teorier som finns i ämnet om kulturell integration inte med exakthet kan användas för att identifiera olika typer av integration.
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Messanga, obama Célestin. "La communication sur le sida : discours dominants et discours dominés dans la construction de la réalité du SIDA au Cameroun." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20028/document.
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Le sida est l’objet d’une abondante production discursive faisant intervenir une pluralité d’acteurs au Cameroun. Tous les acteurs de la communication sociale sur le sida ne lui accordent cependant pas la même signification. Les uns le considèrent comme une affection au même titre que les autres affections connues c’est-à-dire résultant de l’action pathogène d’un micro-organisme naturel appelé vih ; pour d’autres, le sida est un état physiologique ouvert à la maladie du fait de la déficience immunitaire ; une dernière catégorie le considère comme une maladie mystique c’est-à-dire, due soit à l’action des sorciers, soit à la colère de Dieu. Une analyse fondée sur la définition révèle que les convictions et certitudes exprimées par les acteurs de la communication sociale sur le sida ne sont pas le reflet d’une réalité ontologique, incréée, palpable et décelable objectivement ; il s’agit plutôt des constructions. Deux types de constructions se dégagent de ce processus : l’une, scientifique, fait intervenir des acteurs partageant les mêmes savoirs et pratiques scientifiques. Ils s’expriment dans des espaces symboliques particuliers qui sont : l’hôpital, le laboratoire d’analyses médicales, les médias et les institutions publiques. Les discours scientifiques changent, modifiant ainsi les représentations et convictions conséquentes. Le deuxième type de construction fait intervenir d’une part, les acteurs non scientifiques et les spécialistes des disciplines autres que la biologie et d’autre part, des biologistes considérés comme en marge de l’orthodoxie. Alors que les acteurs de la dynamique scientifique disposent des instances d’arbitrage et de consensus permettant d’harmoniser leurs vues, ceux de la dynamique populaire évoluent sans coordination. La dynamique populaire intègre les discours scientifiques dans des systèmes de savoirs et pratiques culturelles, autant qu’il procède à des formulations relatives aux différentes manières dont les cultures concernées se représentent la santé et la maladie. Il en résulte des convictions et représentations particulières, différentes de celles suggérées par les discours scientifiques. Parce que les discours populaires intègrent discours scientifiques dissidents, ils suscitent la réplique ou le réajustement des discours dominants. L’interaction entre les discours dominants et les discours dominés participe d’une construction de synthèse qui rend encore plus mouvante, la saisie du sida<br>In Cameroon, the Aids issue is the subject of an abundant discursive work that brings in a plurality of actors. However, all the social communication actors on AIDS do not give the same meaning to the issue. Some consider it as affection, in the same way as the other known affections. For them, it results from the pathogenic action of a natural micro-organism called HIV; for others, AIDS is a physiological state open to the sickness due to immunodeficiency; and a last category considers it as a mystical sickness which is due either to the action of witch – doctors or to God’s anger. But an analysis based on the definition of the concepts used reveals that the convictions and certainties expressed by the social communication actors on AIDS, are not the reflection of an ontological, uncreated, palpable and objectively discernable reality. They are rather possibilities. Two types of possibilities emerge from this process: the scientific one which brings in actors who share the same scientific knowledge and practices, who have the same viewpoint and are recognized by others as being competent to talk about AIDS. They usually express themselves in specific symbolic places like hospitals, medical analysis laboratories, media and public institutions. The scientific discourse sometimes changes, thus modifying the consequent thoughts and convictions. The second type of possibility brings in non scientific actors and specialists in other fields than biology, but also biologists who are considered as being in the margin of the orthodoxy. Whereas the actors of the scientific dynamic have at their disposal the consensus and arbitration bodies that permit them to harmonize their views, those of the popular dynamic move along without any coordination. The popular dynamic integrates scientific discourse into cultural practices and knowledge systems, as well as it makes formulations relating to the different manners the cultures concerned think of health and sickness. The end results are the specific thoughts and beliefs different from those suggested by the scientific discourse. Due to the fact that popular discourse integrates dissident scientific discourse, it gives rise to the reply or the re-adjustment of the prevailing discourse. The interaction between the prevailing discourse and the non prevailing discourse contributes to a synthesis building up which renders again more unstable, the understanding of AIDS
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Emanuelsson, Emma, and Elina Eriksson. ""Det borde vara ocoolt att vara elak" : En grundad teori om gymnasieelevers perspektiv på pro-aggressiva deltagarroller." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Psykologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177522.
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Mobbning är ett socialt fenomen där det ofta finns flera olika deltagarroller närvarande. Deltagarrollerna är offer, mobbare, assistenter, understödjare, passiva åskådare och försvarare. De flesta barn och ungdomar tycker att mobbning är fel men ändå ökar mobbningen i svenska skolor. Mobbning kan fungera som ett medel för att klättra i den sociala hierarkin och erhålla social status. För att kunna utföra elaka handlingar utan att känna skuld kan individer också använda sig av moraliskt disengagemang. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka möjliga förklaringsmodeller gymnasieelever själva identifierar att elever använder för att rättfärdiga pro-aggressiva deltagarroller (dvs. mobbare, assistent och understödjare) i mobbning. Fjorton fokusgruppsintervjuer genomfördes med totalt 51 gymnasieelever. Deltagarna presenterades två snarlika vinjetter som gestaltade en mobbningssituation i en killgrupp och en tjejgrupp. Utifrån premissen att personerna i vinjetten tycker att mobbning generellt sett är fel, fick deltagarna resonera kring varför de tror att eleverna intar de olika deltagarrollerna. Analys av data genomfördes med hjälp av konstruktivistisk grundad teori. Resultatet visade på att utifrån gymnasieelevers perspektiv så hamnar elever i de tre pro-aggressiva rollerna för att de är upptagna av sociala processer som relaterar till kärnkategorin: att tillhöra maktsfären. Studiens resultat bekräftar flera tidigare forskningsfynd och ger en djupare förståelse för varför elever intar pro-aggressiva deltagarroller vid mobbning. Studiens styrkor och begränsningar samt förslag på vidare forskning lyfts fram.
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Johmår, Lowisa, and Maria Appeltofft. "Vilken personlig ledarstil driver team till en framgångsrik utveckling?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21698.
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Studien är en kvalitativt utformad fallstudie, med ett jämförande syfte och är inspirerad av diskursanalytiskt synsätt. Syftet med studien är att bidra med ny kunskap kring diskursen om team samt ledarskapets faktiska påverkan. Från hur ledarstilen influerar team till hur medarbetarna upplever ledarskapet. Vilka resonemang som förekommer hos ledare kontra medarbetare, då en grupp individer med olika personligheter, intressen och kompetenser skall utföra sitt arbete som ett team. För att belysa studiens syfte har en växelverkan mellan empirisk och teoretisk reflektion återspeglat det kunskapsbidrag som studien givit. Studien är baserad på åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med ledare och medarbetare samt observationer av två medverkande organisationer. RONS-analysen som utförts påvisade att Resultatjägaren är den mest förekommande ledarstilen, men samtidigt den minst gynnsamma att leda team på. RONS är en förkortning av Resultatjägare, Organisatör, Nytänkaren och Samordnaren, ett samlingsnamn för olika ledarstilar. Materiell motivation och press var vanligt förekommande, medan den positiva inverkan på teamen handlar om inre motivation. Ledarstilen Samordnaren var en fördelaktig ledarstil för ett välmående team med hållbar utveckling. Entreprenören var den ledarstil som lyckas utveckla teamet positivt, även i motvind av hierarkiska organisationer, då denna ledartyp utmärks som driven och orädd. Samtliga ledare förnekade att hierarki och materiell belöning förekom i organisationerna, men motsatsen påvisades på olika sätt, då ledarna endast var de som styrde teamen, tillsammans med den utsedda informella ledaren som en högra hand. De som leder likt en Resultatjägare gynnas av ett hierarkiskt arbetsklimat. Dock visar sig denna typ av organisationsform ha negativ påverkan på team. Materiell lika så, utan någon särskild positiv effekt.<br>This study is designed as a qualitative, comparative case study and the method is inspired by a discourse analysis. The purpose of this study is to contribute with new knowledge around the discourse of teams and the actual influence of leadership. From how the leadership style influence teams to how employees perceive leadership. What reasoning exist in leaders and employees, when a group of individuals with different personalities, interest and skills should perform their work as a team. To highlight the purpose of the study, an interaction between empirical and theoretical reflection reflects the knowledge contribution that the study has provided. The case study's data collection method consists of eight semi-structured interviews with managers and employees combined with with observations by two participating organizations. The RONS-analysis carried out, showed that the Result Hunter was the most common leadership style, but at the same time the least favourable to lead teams on. RONS is an abbreviation of Result Hunter, Organizer, New Thinker and Coordinator, a collective name for different leadership styles. Material motivation and pressure were common, while the positive impact on the teams was about internal motivation. Leadership style The Coordinator was an advantageous leadership style for a prosperous team with sustainable development. The entrepreneur was the leadership style that manages to develop the team positively, even in the headwinds of hierarchical organizations, as this type of leader is driven and fearless. All leaders denied that hierarchy and material rewards existed in the organizations, but the opposite was demonstrated in different ways, since the leaders were the only ones who led the teams, together with the designated informal leader as their right hand. Those who lead like a Result Hunter benefit from a hierarchical working climate. However, this type of organizational form proves to have a negative impact on teams. Material equally so, with no particular positive effect.
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Lindén, Jon. ""Skilda livsvärldar" - En studie om ungdomars tankar och känslor kring ämnet idrott och hälsa." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-34158.
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Syftet med studien har varit att ta reda på vad ungdomar har för tankar och känslor kring ämnet idrott och hälsa. Jag ville få en ökad förståelse om ungdomar som inte är med och deltar av olika anledningar i ämnet. Två av mina frågeställningar löd: Vilka är anledningarna till att deltagande elever och icke deltagande elever i idrottsundervisningen hatar varje sekund av den? Hur skulle eleverna vilja att idrottsundervisningen ser ut? För att ta reda på detta har jag använt kvalitativa intervjuer som metod. Jag har intervjuat totalt elva elever i årskurs åtta på en grundskola i södra Sverige. Som analysredskap har jag använt teorier hämtade från John Dewey, Tomas Ziehe, Pierre Bourdieu och Mikael Londos. Mitt resultat visar att elever som inte deltar i ämnet, varken mår dåligt eller hatar det. De tolkar ämnet som onödigt och jobbigt. Enligt Ziehe måste vi ta det ungdomar anser vara viktigt på allvar. Dewey säger att vi måste ta hänsyn till elevens vanor, kapacitet och intressen, samtidigt som hon ska känna och lära sig meningen med de valda aktiviteterna för att utvecklas. Bourdieu säger att den manliga dominansen underordnar kvinnorna. Konsekvenserna av den manliga dominansen i idrottshallen får till följd att tjejer oftare blir passiva eller helt och hållet väljer bort ämnet. Det är den manliga dominansen som är det grundläggande problemet.<br>The purpose of this study has been to find out and understand adolescents thoughts and feelings about the Swedish subject Physical Education and Health. I wanted to get a better understanding about adolescents that don’t participate in the subject for various reasons.Two of my issues were: What are the reasons that participating and not participating students hate every second of the Swedish subject Physical Education and Health? How would students like to see the content of physical education? To find this out, I used qualitative interviews as a method. I have interviewed a total of eleven students in grade eight at an elementary school in southern Sweden. As analytical tools I have used theories drawn from John Dewey, Thomas Ziehe, Pierre Bourdieu and Mikael Londos. My results shows that students who don´t participate in the subject, don´t feel bad or hate it. They interpret the topic as unnecessary and a hassle. According to Ziehe, we need to take what adolescents consider important seriously. Dewey says that we must take account of the students habits, capabilities and interests, as she should know and learn the meaning of the selected activities to develop. Bourdieu says that the male dominance subordinates women. The consequences of male dominance in the gym results in that girls more often become passive or completely opt out of the subject. It is the male dominance that is the fundamental problem.
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Rexvid, Devin. "Dominerad av Dominans : en kvalitativ studie om hur pojkar/unga män med rötter i den muslimska världen förhåller sig till etniskt svenska män och vad detta förhållningssätt innebär för deras egna föreställningar om maskulinitet och heder." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7414.
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<p>Islamic masculinity which quite often associates with oppression of women has remained an underexaminated category despite its constant presence in the debate on honour related oppression. Honour has primarily been studied from a feminine point of view and theories of masculinity have taken insignificant interest in the issue of honour. The aim of this study is to understand what attitudes boys/young men from the Muslim world have toward native Swedish men and what these attitudes do imply for their own conceptions of masculinity and honour. The ambition of this study is also to make explicit the similarities, differences and connections between honour and masculinity.</p><p>The empirical basis of this study consists of twelve interviews with boys/young men from the Muslim world about their notions of honour and masculinity. The theoretical platform arises from theories of masculinities and honour.</p><p>Some prominent “patterns” that I have found:</p><p>- That religious norms and rules appear to be significant in how the masculine manners of conduct should be adjusted.</p><p>- That honour and women as carriers of men’s honour, play a crucial role for the constitution of proper masculinity.</p><p>- That the Swedish context and its policy of equality seem to threaten the obviousness of the islamic masculinity</p>
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Sjödin, Frida. "Jag vill också ha en bästis : En antropologisk studie av framställningar av kvinnlig vänskap i textmaterial publicerat på hemsidan GoFrendly.se." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-375249.
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Att kvinnor i alla åldrar har vänner är ett allmänt känt faktum. Dock har denna relation ägnats lite uppmärksamhet. Det beror på att det samhälle vi lever i präglas av en maskulin dominans. Den styr vilka relationer som vi kommer att uppfatta som betydelsefulla, i vuxenlivet är detta främst den heterosexuella parrelationen. Hemsidan GoFrendly.se marknadsför en app som syftar till att hjälpa vuxna kvinnor finna vänner i andra kvinnor. Trots att vänskap är en relation som tenderar att ses som av liten betydelse spelar den en stor roll. Det visar bland annat materialet på hemsidan. Det är bland annat genom den som kvinnor tränar upp och diskuterar görandet av sin femininitet. Något som är avgörande för att den maskulina dominansen ska kunna upprätthållas. Utan en uppdelning mellan könen kan ingen överordnas den andre. Det finns även många andra aspekter av relationen utöver genus som gör den annorlunda mot ett heterosexuellt förhållande. Bland annat uppmuntras en gruppgemenskap och det dras många paralleller till relationer vi hade när vi var barn. Saker som dels kan uppfattas som del i underordnandet av kvinnan men som även kan ses som ett aktivt maktutövande av henne själv. Oavsett hur vi väljer att se på detta står det klart att strukturen producerar föreställningar om vänskap som i sin tur påverkar hur den framställs på hemsidan GoFrendly.se.
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Ratliff, Chasity. "The Effects of Societal Threat on Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2335.
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The present study examined the effects of societal threat on levels of authoritarianism and social dominance orientation and investigated if those self-report measures were consistent or inconsistent with a measure of implicit attitudes regarding Americans and Immigrants. Exposure to societal threat was hypothesized to increase authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, as well as to increase implicit prejudicial attitudes, as measured by the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), towards out-group members. Based on prior findings, men were expected to have higher levels of social dominance orientation. As predicted, exposure to societal threat significantly increased right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Additionally, men endorsed greater levels of social dominance orientation than did women. However, there were no statistically significant differences in implicit attitudes between the participants who were exposed to societal threat and those who were not (all p’s > .05).
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Rat, Margaux Emilie Therese. "Dominance, social organisation and cooperation in the sociable weaver (Philetairus socius)." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16714.
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Includes bibliographical references<br>Sociality and cooperation are universal features of life, yet cooperative societies are highly vulnerable to conflicts-of-interests which may lead to societal collapse. Dominance may function as a central mechanism behind the maintenance of cooperative societies, because it may reduce conflict by the establishment of hierarchies, and may act in concert with kin selection, enforcement or signalling mechanisms to promote cooperation. Yet, the significance of dominance in the evolutionary routes that maintain cooperation remains poorly understood (Chapter 1). Sociable weavers Philetairus socius are highly social, cooperative passerines. The species is particularly prone to conflicts because of their year-round coloniality and thus year round sharing of resources. Using extensive field-data on individual behaviour, I examine in this thesis whether dominance may mitigate conflict and maintain cooperation, and how it may inform our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms underlying cooperation. In Chapter2, I investigate whether hierarchies and phenotypic traits allowing the assessment of social status may have evolved to mediate conflicts. I show that weavers establish ordered hierarchies within colonies and that the size of a melanin-based plumage trait, the black bib, is correlated to social status. In Chapter 3, experimental manipulation supports my proposition of a status signalling function of the bib. In Chapter 4, I investigate the benefits of achieving high social status and whether these are shared with relatives through nepotism. Both dominants and their offspring gain enhanced access to resources. Dominants had more access to breeding positions, although this was not reflected by increased reproductive success. In Chapter 5, I explore how dominance and kinship predict individual cooperativeness to three tasks, nestling provisioning, nest construction and predator mobbing. I find that both explain variation in cooperativeness, yet some results follow opposite directions, revealing multiple routes to cooperation. Finally, in Chapter 6, I examine how dominance and kinship structure weavers' social network and whether network position are linked to cooperativeness. Social network analyses reveal that more central birds are more, related, dominant and cooperative. Chapter 7 concludes that dominance acts in concert with kinship to promote the societal lifestyle of sociable weavers highlighting the potential significance of dominance in the evolution of cooperation.
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Sebhatu, Samuel Petros. "Corporate Social Responsibility for Sustainable Service Dominant Logic." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för företagsekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-5479.
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The process of globalization over the past five decades has given impetus to drivensustainability and related thinking in business. It is also observed that there areunprecedented trends in corporate strategy towards sustainable thinking - the emergenceof sustainability as corporate strategy and the concern of business for ecology and society.This forces companies to rethink their standard business models and increase theirinterest in innovating products and services based on the challenges of global sustainabledevelopment. The pressure from external stakeholders, mainly non-governmentalorganizations (NGOs), as drivers of change may also contribute strongly to thisendeavour. This substantial change pressure clearly reflects companies’ recognition of themounting pressures for social responsibility and governance. The overall aim of this thesisis to describe and understand how social responsibility and value-creation of customers’influence the overall service quality of companies in developing a sustainable servicebusiness. The theoretical and conceptual frame of reference finds its stimulation from the researchin sustainable development – corporate social responsibility, service research and qualitymanagement. In this way it attempts to bridge the gap between business and socialresponsibility. Theoretically and conceptually, the thesis amalgamates sustainabilitythinking and the service logic. Here, value creation and co-creation of Service DominantLogic (S-D logic) approach expands to integrate the values based approach of CorporateSocial Responsibility (CSR) in management thinking and have created the prevailingbusiness practices and service quality (SQ) improvement. This thesis is a compilation offive different papers that follow an interpretative case study approach. The empiricalstudy developed from the cases of multinational companies, small and mediumenterprises, smallholders and NGOs. In this thesis, ‘Sustainable Service Dominant Logic’ (SSDL) was labelled to argue thatvalue-based co-creation of the S-D logic framework can be used to create values-basedservices for sustainable business by examining the link between CSR and S-D logic basedon value, values and service quality for sustainable business. This is this thesis’scontribution to the ongoing discussion of the paradigm shift in service research. Theframework is of the integration of CSR thinking into service business to create sustainablebusiness thinking. This signifies the new thinking of incorporating different managementsystems in creating the organizational change process, sustainability and finally SQimprovement. This counters the critique against S-D logic by expanding the societal andethical dimensions by using CSR, and showing real business cases. This depends on theintegration of different change pressures for value creation, whether related to economicand social resource integration. This involves the shift of the focus of managerial controlfrom a preoccupation with financial issues to a wider awareness of CSR thinking. Theseissues are also explored by demonstrating, based on cases, how the adoption of thisperspective can also enable the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) framework to become animportant aspect of value creation. Finally, the paradigm shift can be generalized to newthinking in S-D logic and the social responsibility of businesses as the major phenomenonof the changing and globalizing business environment; time for the CSR framework to permeate S-D logic.
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Lampropoulos, Dimitrios. "Représentations, pouvoir, dominance : une approche psychosociale de la stigmatisation des personnes atteintes de schizophrénie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0247.
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La stigmatisation de la schizophrénie a des conséquences néfastes sur la vie et les droits des personnes atteintes de ce trouble. Ce phénomène, pour lequel plusieurs modèles théoriques ont été proposés, et qui constitue un réel impératif de santé publique pour le Ministère de la Santé et l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, reste cependant bien peu étudié dans le contexte français. Dans le cadre de la présente thèse, nous avons étudié le phénomène de la stigmatisation des personnes atteintes de schizophrénie en adoptant une approche socio-représentationnelle. D’un côté, une série d’études théoriques et empiriques a été menée afin d’étudier la problématisation du rapport à la « maladie mentale » et à la schizophrénie, les formes de savoir et les enjeux de pouvoir qui s’y rapportent. D’un autre côté, nous avons effectué des travaux psychosociaux mobilisant la théorie des Représentations Sociales et la théorie de la Dominance Sociale. Cela nous a permis d’identifier des contenus et des processus psychosociaux en jeu dans la stigmatisation de la schizophrénie de façon contextualisée. De manière plus globale, cette thèse nous invite à considérer le rapport entretenu avec les personnes atteintes de schizophrénie comme étant profondément lié au rapport à l’ordre social, rapport traversé par des enjeux de pouvoir et de protection de l’ordre social. Cette thèse vient souligner l’intérêt d’envisager le phénomène de la stigmatisation dans son horizon sociologique, épistémologique et normatif. Des implications pratiques visant la déstigmatisation de la schizophrénie ainsi que de futures pistes de recherches sont discutées en fin de manuscrit<br>The stigma of schizophrenia has major consequences on the lives and the rights of people with the disorder. This phenomenon, for which several theoretical models have been proposed, has not been broadly studied in the French context, although the ministry of health and the WHO have underlined that it constitutes a true priority of public health. With the present doctoral thesis, we studied the stigma of schizophrenia following a socio-representational approach. On the one hand, we conducted an assemblage of theoretical and empirical studies aiming at studying the problematization of “mental illness” and schizophrenia, as well as the forms of knowledge and the power issues that are related to this problematization. This part allowed us to critically study the con-text in which stigma is problematized as a priority of public health. On the other hand, we have carried out psychosocial studies mobilizing the theory of Social Representations and the theory of Social Dominance, that allowed us to identify several contents and psychoso-cial processes at stake in the stigma of schizophrenia, in a contextualized fashion. On a general level, our results invite us to consider the relation to people with schizophrenia as pro-foundly associated with the broader relation to the social order, relation encompassed by issues of power and of protection of the social order. Moreover, the present thesis underlines the importance of studying the stigma phenomenon within its sociological, epistemological and normative horizon. Implications for anti-stigma practices, as well as some future re-search perspectives are discussed at the end of our work
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Charafeddine, Rawan. "La « politique » de l'enfant : dominance et cognition sociale." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20123.
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Le cerveau des primates, et plus encore celui de l’homme, a évolué en s’adaptant à un environnement socialement complexe. Le nombre élevé d’individus qui composent le groupe, la sophistication des modes d’interaction et le risque de manipulation constituent autant de pressions de sélection exercées sur le cerveau. Cette perspective évolutionnaire a alimenté tout un courant de recherche en psychologie développementale tourné vers la cognition dite sociale. Ces recherches se sont portées sur la lecture des intentions, la distinction soi/autrui, l’altruisme, l’empathie, la morale, la compétition et la coopération. Toutes ces capacités constituent les premières briques de ce que l’on pourrait appeler une sociologie naïve. Mais certaines de ces capacités sont restées au second plan, et l’objectif général de ce projet sera d’aborder l’une des plus ignorées mais pas des moins centrales : l’aptitude à traiter les hiérarchies. Les relations dominance, ou d’ascendance, constituent une dimension essentielle de la vie des espèces sociales. Sur le plan évolutionniste, un rang social élevé confère des avantages adaptatifs décisifs car il garantit un accès privilégié aux ressources nutritives et reproductives. Le rôle crucial du rang social va dès lors exercer un certain nombre de contraintes cognitives. Les individus doivent, par exemple, être capables d’identifier l’organisation hiérarchique de leurs groupes et représenter les avantages offerts par le statut. On peut donc penser que chez bon nombre d’espèces sociales, des mécanismes cognitifs dédiés aux hiérarchies sociales aient évolué selon un processus sélectif. Néanmoins, les hiérarchies sociales chez l’homme se distinguent de celles des autres espèces par deux aspects importants. Premièrement, les attributs qui définissent la dominance sont beaucoup plus diversifiés et dépassent le simple cadre des relations agonistiques. Deuxièmement, à la différence des primates, les cultures humaines présentent des variations fortes dans le degré de structuration hiérarchique des sociétés. Il est donc possible d’imaginer que les mécanismes cognitifs impliqués dans le traitement des hiérarchies soient modulés par l’environnement culturel. La méthode interculturelle suivie ici permettra d’identifier des mécanismes potentiellement universels et d’autres sujets à une variation culturelle. Au cours des années 70 et 80, l’étude des hiérarchies chez l’enfant a connu une période féconde. Les travaux produits, largement inspirés par l’éthologie, ont permis de montrer que les relations de dominance étaient fréquentes, même chez des enfants très jeunes (1 à 2 ans), et qu’elles s’organisaient selon des structures linéaires. Néanmoins ces études, de part les méthodologies employées, ont largement négligé la perspective cognitive et n’ont pas donc permis d’établir des mécanismes précis impliqués dans le traitement des hiérarchies. Cette thèse vise à réintroduire l’étude de la dominance sociale au sein de la psychologie cognitive du développement. Elle s’articule autour de deux axes principaux : 1) Identifier la dominance : la capacité à identifier le statut hiérarchique et ses différents attributs et inférer les avantages que confère un statut élevé. 2) Agir face à la dominance : la distribution de ressources en fonction du statut et la préférence sociale en fonction du statut. Huit expériences sont rapportées dont une incluant une comparaison inter-culturelle entre la France, le Liban et le japon. Ces expériences ont montré la capacité des enfants dès 3 ans à identifier les relations de dominance et à inférer un certain nombre de caractéristiques à partir de ces relations. Les inférences de la dominance aux caractéristiques des individus incluent l'asymétrie de ressources, de compétences ainsi que le genre ; les enfants de trois cultures différentes ont associé le genre masculin au personnage dominant<br>According to the social brain hypothesis, the computational demands of living in large and complex societies favored the selection of unusually large brains and complex cognitive capacities (Dunbar & Shulz, 2007). Social cognition, that is, the cognitive processes devoted to monitor, control, and predict the behaviors of others, is vital to navigate the social world. It is especially essential for humans, who live in societies characterized by a dense convolution of social relationships. Given the importance of asymmetrical relationships within and across social groups (Sidanius & Pratto, 2001; Bente, Leuschner, Al Issa & Blascovich, 2010), the perceptual and inferential strategies necessary for processing dominance are certainly central to social cognition. Dominance is indeed pervasive in the human species (Fiske, 1992), it affects reproductive success (Ellis, 1995; Fieder, Huber, Bookstein, Iber, Schäfer, Winckler & Wallner, 2005; Kanazawa, 2003) and plays a central role in the formation of short and long-term alliances (Watts, 2010). Work in the human ethological tradition has described preschoolers' spontaneous social dominance structures: they are linear and stable (Strayer and Strayer, 1976; Lafrénière & Charlesworth, 1983); based on verbal and physical strategies (Hawley, 1999; Pellegrini, 2008) and are associated to social competence and affiliative structures (Vaugh & Waters, 1981; Hold, 1976). However, the observational approach adopted in these studies and the methodological shortcomings of some parallel experimental attempts (Omark & Edelman, 1975; Sluckin & Smith, 1977) preclude conclusions about the specific cognitive mechanisms responsible for coping with dominance relations.In line with the naïve sociology framework proposed by Jackendoff (1992) and Hirschfeld (1995), the present thesis takes an experimental developmental psychology approach to highlight the cognitive strategies that allow children to identify dominance relations, to form relevant expectations and to take action on the light of these expectations. A series of eight experiments investigated preschoolers’ abilities to make sense of social dominance situations, following two axes:Dominance Identification: the capacity to identify hierarchical status using several cues and to infer advantageous consequences of high status. Taking action in dominance contexts: allocation of resources and social choices in dominance contexts. The first set of experiments showed that preschoolers are able, from 3-years-old, to infer dominance not only from physical supremacy but also from decision power, age and resources. The second set of experiments showed that preschoolers have some expectations regarding how a dominant and subordinate individual are likely to differ. In particular, they expect that an individual who imposes his choice on another will exhibit higher competence in games and will have more resources. Another, intercultural experiment showed that children from 3 countries differing in gender equality norms associated masculine gender to dominant behavior since their 4th year. The three final experiments belonged to the second axis and showed a systematic age effect that suggests that choices that reinforce the status-quo are more salient before 5-years-old
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Luan, Xin. "Interspecies aggression and social dominance in crayfish." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1256151469.
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Lemos, Ana Cristina Duarte Martins de. "Redescobrir Domingos Monteiro: revisitar a paisagem social portuguesa." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14315.
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Massamba, Louis. "La Protection sociale au Congo : Dynamique, Crises, enjeux dominants." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0003.
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Depuis une trentaine d'annees, des mesures de protection sociale ont ete introduites dans la plupart des pays africains. Mais cette tendance a l'universalite pronee par l'o. I. T. Et introduite dans des textes de constitutions et des lois, souffre encore de nombreuses exceptions. C'est ainsi qu'une frange tres importante de la population, notamment les paysans, les artisans, en fait tout le secteur dit "informel", qui subit d'autre part la degradation tres sensible du niveau de vie, en raison de la situation economique desastreuse et de plusieurs facteurs pauperisants, ne beneficie d'aucune mesure de protection sociale. Mais les populations des zones urbaines composees pour l'essentiel des fonctionnaires et des travailleurs salaries du commerce et de l'industrie et couverts par les regimes de securite sociale existants ne jouissent pas pour autant des meilleurs conditions de vie, a cause de l'engorgement des structures socio-sanitaires, en grande partie provoque par l'exode rural, et une forte natalite a tel point qu'il est difficile aux pouvoirs publics d'y faire raisonnablement face. Cette carence se traduit par une defiance en la medecine officielle, au renoncement aux soins de sante dans les structures medicales de l'etat, au profit de la medecine traditionnelle, des religions et sectes a guerison.
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Zeno, Basil. "Nationalism, Identity, Social Media and Dominant Discourses in Post-Uprising Syria." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1439414162.
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Dambrun, Michaël. "Dominance sociale et préjugés : la régulation sociale des cognitions intergroupes." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20009.
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Cette thèse défend l'idée que la position occupée par les individus dans une structure hiérarchique participe à la régulation des cognitions intergroupes et que son influence est médiatisée par l'orientation de dominance sociale (ou SDO). Cette orientation a été proposée récemment dans le cadre de la théorie de la dominance sociale (Sidanus et Pratto, 1999) comme une variable centrale dans l'explication des préjugés. Elle se définit comme le degré avec lequel les individus désirent et supportent les inégaltés sociales et les rapports de domination entre les groupes sociaux. Après avoir examiné cette théorie de façon critique et validé sur le plan empirique une version française de l'échelle d'orientation de dominance sociale, les chapitres 3 et 4 présentent 5 études qui confirment l'hypothèse selon laquelle la SDO médiatise l'effet d'une position sociale dominante sur les préjugés envers les groupes stigmatisés. Aucune autre recherche à ce jour n'offre un appui aussi clair à l'idée que la dominance sociale joue un rôle causal en matière de préjugés et de cognition intergroupes. Le chapitre 5 présente deux études remettant en cause l'hypothèse d'invariance proposée par Sidanius et Pratto (1999). Selon cette hypothèse, la différence de SDO entre les hommes et les femmes aurait un fondement socio-biologique et se maintiendrait peu importe le contexte social, économique ou culturel. Or, les études 7 et 8 démontrent que les différences de genre sur la SDO varient de façon systématique en fonction du degré d'identification au groupe de genre. Les implications de ces résultats pour la théorie de la dominance sociale, et plus généralement, pour la compréhension des dynamiques qui régulent les cognitions et les conflits intergroupes sont étudiées
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Dodge, Stephanie Renea. "Social dominance and theory of mind in early childhood." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6811.
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This research examines whether or not there is a relationship between social dominance and theory of mind skills in three to five year old children. Twenty-seven three to five year old children were both rated and ranked by their lead teacher on social dominance. Each child was given the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, 4th Edition, to measure their receptive language skills, and then two common theory of mind false belief tasks. The first hypothesis, that there would be a positive correlation between social dominance and theory of mind skills was not supported. The second hypothesis, that there would be a positive relationship between theory of mind and language was only supported after outliers were removed. The third hypothesis, that when controlling for language, the relationship between social dominance and theory of mind would remain intact was not supported.
The results of this study were surprising due to many similarities between social dominance and theory of mind as well as extensive research supporting a positive relationship between theory of mind and language. Some possible explanations for these results include a very small sample size of children participating as a whole and within each classroom, the age of the children, and possible effects of teacher experience.<br>Thesis (M.Ed.)--Wichita State University, College of Education, Dept. of Counseling, Educational Leadership, Educational and School Psychology
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Jordan, Emily Rose. "Psychological and neural mechanisms of social dominance in rats." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608162.
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Botha, Corlia. "Group membership salience, social dominance orientation and task performance." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10117.
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The use of teams in organisations is often plagued by reduced individual effort which is termed social loafing. Therefore the study proposed that by making people aware that they are part of a group and introducing intergroup competition, social loafing would be reduced and turned into social labouring. The study further investigated the potential mediating effect of social dominance orientation on the relationship between group membership salience and task performance.
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Guttman, Jerry. "Effect of Internal Consistency on the CPI Social Dominance Scale on the Predictability of Dominance Behaviors." TopSCHOLAR®, 1985. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2431.
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The purpose of this study was to show that the degree of consistency that people demonstrate on personality measures is positively related to the degree to which behaviors representing the personality domains can be predicted. Thirty five female consistent personality scale respondents and Thirty eight female inconsistent scale respondents participated in small group discussions. The results showed that for all females, scale scores on the California Psychological Inventory subscaJe of dominance were predictive of three measures of dominance behaviors in the discussion group. Consistent personality scale respondents had no measures that were significantly correlated with the dominance scale score, whereas three measures were correlated with scale scores for female inconsistent scale respondents. Fischer's Z-transformations revealed no significant differences between the zero-order correlations for inconsistent and consistent groups and no significant differences were found between multiple correlations for the two groups. The results replicate past research on the prediction of behavior in single sex discussion groups, but fall to provide evidence that consistent scale respondents are more predictable than inconsistent scale respondents in the social dominance domain.
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Berglund, Anna. "Hård eller mjuk? : val av metoder i hundträning speglar personlighet och sociala attityder." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10049.
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I litteraturen antyds ibland att dominansåsikter och uppfattningen att hundar ska behandlas med hårda tag för att uppnå lydnad tycks hänga ihop. Däremot verkar det inte ha genomförts några studier för att undersöka om sambandet verkligen existerar. En Internetbaserad enkätundersökning med 355 deltagare genomfördes för att undersöka om ett antal personlighetsdrag predicerar klassiska dominansattityder mot hundar. Dessutom undersöktes om samma variabler plus klassiska dominansattityder predicerar en överseende attityd till plågsamma metoder för att uppnå hundlydnad. Av variablerna visade sig manligt kön och klassiska dominansattityder vara de viktigaste för att predicera en överseende attityd till plågsamma metoder. För att predicera en hög grad av klassiska dominansattityder var manligt kön och en hög grad av social dominansorientering viktigast.
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Dlamini, Thobile G. K. "Dominant and non-dominant group's perceptions of the government-led economic transformation process in South Africa: report." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002472.
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The enormous social, economic, and political government-led societal transformation South Africans have experienced over the past 15 years have brought about numerous societal and identity changes. The aim of the present study was to explore how dominant (White participants) and non-dominant (Black participants) groups experiencing the government-led societal transformation process deal with perceptions of intergroup differences based on Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986) and related field research. Social Identity Theory predicts that in the presence of intergroup differences group members irrespective of their status position will apply identity management strategies to either improve or maintain their status position. The relationships between perceptions of intergroup relations and identity management strategies as proposed by Social Identity Theory were tested studying 170 second year Rhodes University psychology students. Sixty participants indicated themselves as Black South Africans (representing non-dominant group) and 110 participants identified themselves as White South Africans (dominant group). The results revealed that dominant and non-dominant groups differ systematically regarding the functional interaction between beliefs about the intergroup situation and identity management strategies. The results of the study indicate too, that ingroup identification differentiates between individual and collective strategies irrespective of the group’s status position.
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Davis, Samantha Leigh. "Finding common ground: a field experiment examining social dominance theory and social identity theory." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19229.pdf.
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Snyder, Jeffrey K. "The Dominance Dilemma: Differentiating Status from Dominance in the Context of Women's Heterosexual Mate Preferences." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626419.
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Fero, Kandice Christine. "Social dominance a behavioral mechanism for resource allocation in crayfish /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1213213435.
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Favati, Anna. "Social dominance and personality in male fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus)." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-93019.
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Individuals in social species commonly form dominance relationships among each other, and are often observed to differ in behaviour depending on their social status. However, whether such behavioural differences are a consequence of dominance position, or also a cause to it, remains unclear. In this thesis I therefore investigated two perspectives of the relationship between social dominance and personality in the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), a social species that forms relatively stable dominance hierarchies. In paper I I investigated the influence of social status on the expression and consistency of behaviours by experimentally changing status between repeated personality assays. The level of vigilance, activity and exploration changed with social status, while boldness and territorial crows appeared as stable individual properties, independent of status. These results showed that social status contribute to both variation and consistency in behavioural responses. Social status should therefore be taken into account when investigating and interpreting variation in personality. In paper II I showed that behaviour in a novel arena test and during encounter with an opponent can predict social status, more specifically that fast exploration and aggressiveness predicted a dominant social position. Together, these results highlight the dynamics of the two-way relationship between social position and individual behaviour and indicate that individual behaviour can both be a cause and a consequence of social status.
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Martins, Lucas Silveira Andrade. "Teoria social dominante e marxismo : análise crítica de Louis Althusser." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais, 2018. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000218449.
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Louis Althusser desenvolveu um marxismo heterodoxo, sofrendo profunda influência do estruturalismo francês de sua época. O programa estruturalista iniciado por Saussure e aprofundado por Lévi-Strauss e por inúmeros autores franceses hegemoneizou a academia francesa, apresentando inúmeras categorias basilares do edifício estruturalista. Gaston Bachelard e Jacques Lacan, por exemplo, notórios autores do estruturalismo francês propiciaram um desenvolvimento metodológico largamente utilizado por Althusser. As categorias fundamentais do althusserianismo, leitura sintomal, problemática e corte epistemológico podem ser facilmente percebidos nos autores de sua época, destoando largamente do marxismo de sua época. Althusser, portanto, ao intentar reformar o marxismo, acaba por cair nas formulações hegemônicas de sua época, trazendo o marxismo, assim, para o campo estruturalista.<br>Louis Althusser developed a heterodox Marxism, suffering deeply influence of the French structuralism of his time. The structuralist program started by Saussure and deepened by Lévi-Strauss and uncountable French authors hegemonized the Academy of France, presenting countless main categories of the structuralist building. Gaston Bachelard and Jacques Lacan, for example, notable authors of the French structuralism, provided a methodological development widely used by Althusser. The fundamental categories of the althusserianism, symptomal lecture, problematic and epistomological cut could be easily perceived in the authors of his epoch, untying widely from the Marxism of his time. Althusser, therefore, when trying to reform the Marxism, end up in hegemonic formulations of his time, bringing the Marxism, thereby, to structuralist camp.
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Lee, Alexander. "The evolutionary ecology of animal information use and social dominance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1d2b343e-fe0a-4611-b1c7-b820da19e075.
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Organisms are frequently faced with uncertainty regarding how best to exploit vital resources, and may benefit from collecting information about their distribution through space and time. However, the ways in which competition over resources might systematically facilitate or constrain an individual's ability to use information has been largely overlooked. In this thesis, I develop a conceptual framework for considering how the distribution of limited resources might underpin interdependencies between competition and information use. I focus on the evolutionary ecology of relationships between social dominance and social information use. I begin with an observational study of wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) suggesting that, when resources can be monopolised, individuals with low competitive ability are limited in their ability to use social information. Building on these findings, I then develop a general model exploring selection on social information use in a competitive context across three axes of 'resource ecology' (scarcity, depletion rate, monopolisability). This study makes predictions regarding the resource conditions under which competitive ability might constrain social information use, and the potential importance of social information use in the evolution of social dominance. I go on to test these predictions in chacma baboons using a field experiment. This experiment also explores whether the predictability of resource distribution might facilitate the decoupling of social information use from the competitive context in which it was collected. Taken together, these findings provide general insights into the combinations of ecological conditions and behavioural mechanisms that should underpin the benefits of social dominance. I end by building a simple population matrix model to study social dominance using an eco-evolutionary approach, in which feedback loops between ecological and evolutionary processes are considered. By modelling relationships between dominance rank and survival, reproduction, inheritance, and development, I am able to derive estimates of long-term fitness associated with dominance. Using these estimates, I generate predictions regarding how dominance hierarchies should impact the dynamics of group stability, viability, and fission.
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Monteleone, Brian R. "Social facilitative effects of dominant motor skills in NCAA Division I baseball pitchers." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864940.
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This study used archival data retrieved from the 1992-1993 baseball season from Ball State University. Pitching data were used from thirteen pitchers, ages ranging 18-22, from all practices (fall and winter) and games (home and away conference and non-conference). The dependent variable was the strikes per balls ratio, multiplied by number of batters faced. Two hypotheses were generated: (1) pitchers would perform better, as defined by the strikes per balls ratio, in game situations than in practice; (2) pitchers would perform better, as defined by the strikes per balls ratio, in home games than away games. Practice conditions duplicated game conditions except for the presence of an audience. Results were analyzed by a multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance (MANOVA) and followed up by a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Sufficient data were available for windup fastballs and windup curveballs. Data wereanalyzed for (1) practice versus home and away games, (2) home versus away, conference and non-conference games, and (3) practice versus nonconference games. Data were positively skewed and were modified by a logarithmic transformation. The transformed data for practice versus nonconference games showed a significant multivariate effect, E(2, 98) = 6.90, A = .002. A univariate analysis test showed significant effects for a windup curveball, F(1, 99) = 13.33, . < .000. The univariate test for the windup fastball was not significant. These results support the hypothesis that pitchers will perform better in game conditions than in practice. The transformed data for practice versus home and away games showed a significant multivariate effect, E(4, 194) = 3.52, l . = .008. A univariate analysis showed significant effects for a windup curveball, E(2, 98) = 6.90, P_= .002. These results supported the first hypothesis which stated pitchers would perform better in game conditions than in practice. Results were not significant for the windup fastball. A moderate association between performance conditions and both dependent variables, eta2 = .13, was obtained. The association for the windup curveball was almost the same, eta2 = .12.<br>Department of Psychological Science
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Schmid, Marianne. "Gender differences in dominance hierarchies /." Lengerich : Pabst Science Publishers, 2000. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0714/2003458007.html.
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Ligneul, Romain. "Bases cérébrales des processus de compétition et de hiérarchisation sociales." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10334.
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Le cerveau humain n'est pas seul face au monde. Il nait, grandit et vieillit, entouré par d'autres cerveaux qui poursuivent des buts similaires aux siens : survivre et s'accomplir. Dans cette quête, le cerveau humain apprend tôt l'immense valeur de la coopération et de la mise en commun des compétences, dont le total excède presque toujours la somme des parties. S'élever au-dessus de la nature, la comprendre et la maitriser ; ensemble. Mais la nature du cerveau est d'être égoïste, car ses subtiles machineries n'ont pas été sélectionnées par l'évolution pour permettre la perpétuation d'autres gènes que ceux qu'il porte en lui. Si l'émergence de la conscience constitue peut-être une promesse d'affranchissement vis-à-vis de cette contrainte en lui permettant de se conformer à des valeurs morales ou spirituelles, une multitude de mécanismes inconscients ou préconscients veillent à empêcher qu'autrui n'entrave l'accomplissement de sa finalité biologique. Lorsque deux individus visent une ressource indivisible, telles que les faveurs sexuelles d'un tiers, et plus généralement quand la possibilité du partage est supprimée par une urgence homéostatique qui réveille l'égoïsme tapi au fond de leurs natures, la coopération laisse place à la compétition sociale. C'est alors une affaire de compétence, de motivation et peut-être, de chance. Qu'il prenne la forme d'une lutte à mort, d'une guerre de mots, ou d'un simple combat de regards, ce conflit se résout dans un double évènement – la victoire de l'un et la défaite de l'autre – qui constitue la brique élémentaire de toute hiérarchie sociale biologique. L'issue d'un conflit social est avant tout une information, qui en dit long au perdant sur sa capacité à poursuivre ses buts en présence de l'autre. Son cerveau apprend qu'au milieu de cette nature qu'il peut espérer maitriser, il existe un autre cerveau qui peut le maitriser, lui. Ainsi, les hiérarchies sociales biologiques sont avant tout des hiérarchies de contrôle. Contrôle de certains individus par d'autres individus, auquel s'associent la préséance de certains buts sur d'autres et probablement une vulnérabilité variable face à certaines maladies mentales et somatiques. Les neurosciences sociales commencent seulement à se pencher sur la manière dont les informations relative aux hiérarchies sociales et aux conflits interindividuels est perçue, traitée et intégrée par le cerveau humain. A ce jour, seules quelques publications pionnières – poursuivant souvent des objectifs différents du notre – ont jeté les premières lumières sur les mécanismes neurobiologiques qui permettent à un être humain d'évaluer le niveau de contrôle ou le rang hiérarchique dont disposent ou pourraient disposer les autres individus de son groupe social. Dans cette thèse, nous exposons un certain nombre de résultats expérimentaux qui apportent chacun un éclairage nouveau sur les bases cérébrales des processus de hiérarchisation et de compétition sociales. Tout d'abord, l'utilisation de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) nous a permis de localiser les processus impliqués dans l'apprentissage des aptitudes compétitives qui accompagne l'expérience des victoires et des défaites sociales. Cette première étude ayant entre autres mis en exergue l'importance du cortex préfrontal dorsomédian pour cet apprentissage « par renforcement » des relations de dominance sociale, nous avons ensuite utilisé la stimulation électrique transcranienne directe pour révéler le rôle causal joué par cette structure dans la régulation des comportements de compétition sociale... [etc]<br>The humain brain is not facing the world alone. It grows and ages, surrounded by other brains which pursue goals similar to his owns: survive and achieve. In this quest, the human brain soon learns the great value of cooperating and uniting competences, whose whole is almost always greater than the sum of the parts. Standing above nature, understanding it and mastering it ; together. But the nature of the brain is to be selfish, because its subtle machinery was not selected by evolution to allow others’ genes to spread, but only the ones it carries itself. While the emergence of consciousness may well constitute a promise of freeing from this heritage by allowing the compliance with moral and spiritual values, a myriad of unconscious or preconscious mechanisms make sure that others do not hinder the achievement of its biological ends. When two individuals desire an indivisible resource – such as the sexual favors from a third party – and more generally when the possibility of sharing is made impossible by a homeostatic urgency, latent egoisms wake up and social competition appears at the expense of cooperation. Then, it becomes a matter of competence, motivation and chance maybe. Be it a struggle to death, a war of words or a gaze fight, this conflict ends up with a double-event – one’s victory and other’s defeat – which constitute the core building block of any biological social hierarchy. The outcome of a social conflict is first information, which speaks volumes about the ability of the loser to pursue his own goals when the other is present. His brain learns that within this nature which may be mastered, another brain exists which may master him. Thus, biological social hierarchies are control hierarchies. Control of some individuals over others, which corresponds to the priority of some goals over others and, possibly, to the variable vulnerability in front of a subset of mental and somatic disorders. Social neurosciences only begin to investigate how information relative to social hierarchies and conflicts is perceived, processed and integrated by the human brain. Only a few studies have shed light on the neurobiological mechanisms which enable humans to evaluate the degree of control or the hierarchical status of other members in his social group. In this dissertation, we report several experimental results which may advance our understanding of how the brain process social competition and social hierarchy. First, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allowed us to localize the processes involved in learning the competitive skills of other individuals from the experience of social defeats and victories. Having highlighted the importance of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex for the “reinforcement-learning” of social dominance relationships, we have then used transcranial direct current stimulation to demonstrate the causal role played by this structure in the regulation of competitive social behaviors. In a third study – also using fMRI, we showed that the neural sensitivity to asymmetries of competitive skills underlie political preferences of individuals regarding social hierarchy, the higher this sensitivity the more prone subjects were to legitimate socioeconomics inequalities and the domination of some social groups over others. In a fourth study, we explored the reaction of the amygdala to the perception of facial dominance and we found that this evolutionary ancient structure was able to distinguish dominant from subordinate individuals very rapidly. Finally, in our last behavioral study, we revealed that men and women differ in how they compare their own intellectual competence to those of other people and that these gender differences may derive from a sex-dependent mental representation of social hierarchies
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Frémaux-Crouzet, Annie. "Formes de dominance et d'anti-dominance en Espagne du bas Moyen âge aux temps modernes." Montpellier 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON30027.
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Ensemble de travaux qui, dans la perspective de l'etude des mentalites, sont centres sur l'etablissement des hierarchies et de la dominance au sein de la societe peninsulaire hispanique du bas moyen age et des temps modernes (du xive au xvieme siecle). Cette strategie de pouvoir qui implique l'exploitation de l'homme par l'homme, l'asservissement des etres les uns par les autres, par l'oppression, la violence physique et mentale, la manipulation de la difference, est debusquee aux differents niveaux organisationnels des microcosmes et macrocosmes socio-culturels, au niveau du corps humain, de la famille, du groupe, de la societe. L'analyse essaie, a partir de quelques faits et textes representatifs, de rendre compte des deux formes antithetiques et interdependantes du phenomene : l'elaboration symbolique, architecturale, linguistique, juridique visant a justifier l'alienation d'un cote; les comportements et le contre-discours de liberation de l'autre. Sexisme et feminisme, racisme et fraternite universaliste, totalitarisme et pluralisme y sont articules dans leur interactions dialectiques. C'est dans cette optique que sont analyses le libro de las donas de eiximenis, les traites d'education princiere du bas moyen age, les constitutions juridiques du franciscanisme eremitique des reformes et observances, le conorte et sa glose de juana de la cruz et francisco torres, le monastere de san lorenzo<br>Combined works which, in the prospect of studying mental habits, are focused on the establishment of the hierarchies and dominance within the peninsular spanish society from the later middle ages to the modern times (14th - 16th century). This strateggy of power which implies the exploitation of man by man, a state of bondage of some human beings by others, oppression, physical and mental violence, manipulation of the difference, is ousted at the different levels of the sociological and cultural microcosms and macrocosms, at the level of the human body, the family, the group society. Starting from some representative facts and texts, the analysis tries to give an account of the two antithetic and interdependent forms of the phenomenon: the elaboration in its symbolic, architectural, linguistic and juridical aspects aims to justify alienation on one hand, the behaviours and the counter language of liberation on the other. Sexism and feminism, racism and universal fraternity, totalitarism and pluralism are articulated in ther dialectic interaction. In that perspective i analyse the "libro de las donas" by eiximenis, the threatises of princely education in the lower middle ages, the juridical constitutions of eremitic franciscanism
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Senholzi, Keith B. Searing Donald. "Conflict in Northern Ireland through the lens of social identity theory and social dominance theory /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2012.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science, Concentration TransAtlantic Studies." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science. UNC-Chapel Hill copy lacks abstract.
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Chabane, Brahim. "Optimisation de plans d’actions multi-objectifs dans le secteur social et médico-social." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0035/document.
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Depuis le début des années 2000, le secteur social et médico-social connait des évolutions et des mutations importantes. D’un côté, le nombre de personnes prises en charge est en perpétuelle augmentation. D’un autre côté, les finances et les budgets mis à disposition des établissements ne cessent de se réduire, ce qui oblige les décideurs à s’adapter et à trouver de nouvelles solutions pour faire plus avec moins de moyens. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions un problème pratique auquel sont souvent confrontés les directeurs des établissements qui est l’élaboration de plans d’actions optimaux. Un plan d’actions est un ensemble d’actions qui sont mises en place afin d’améliorer à la fois les performances de l’établissement et la qualité de prise en charge de ses résidents.Élaborer un plan d’actions optimal consiste à identifier et choisir les meilleures actions qui améliorent tous les objectifs du plan tout en respectant quelques contraintes. Après la présentation du contexte pratique et théorique, nous fournissons une modélisation formelle du problème sous forme d’un problème de sac-à-dos multi-objectif.Puis nous présentons quelques méthodes de résolution à base d’indicateurs de qualité et de la dominance de Lorenz. Nous montrons que la méthode IBMOLS combinée avec l’indicateur de qualité R2 permet d’obtenir des solutions efficaces et d’intégrer facilement les préférences du décideur. Nous montrons également que dans un contexte où les préférences du décideur sont inconnues ou les objectifs ont tous la même importance, la dominance de Lorenz est un outil très efficace qui permet, d’un côté, d’intégrer l’équité dans le processus de recherche et, d’un autre côté, de réduire le nombre de solutions non dominées ainsi que le temps d’exécution<br>Since the early 2000s, the social and medico-social sector is experiencing significant evolutions and mutations. On the one hand, the number of persons taken over is constantly increasing. On the other hand, the finances and budgets available to the structures are constantly decreasing. This forces decision-makers to adapt and find new solutions to do more with fewer resources. In this thesis, we study a practical problem that is often faced by the decision-makers, which is the elaboration of optimal action plans. An action plan is a set of actions that are realized to improve both the performance of the structure and the quality of service offred to its residents. Elaborating an optimal action plan consists of identifying and selecting the best actions that improve all the objectives of the plan while respecting some constraints. After presenting the practical and theoretical context, we provide a formal modeling of the problem as a multi-objective knapsack problem. Then, we present a number of solution methods based on quality indicators and Lorenz dominance. We show that combining IBMOLS method with R2 indicator allows obtaining efficient solutions and easily integrating the decision-maker preferences. We also show that in a context where decision-maker preferences are not known or all the objectives are considered equals, Lorenz dominance is a very efficient tool to incorporate equity into the search process and reduce the number of non-dominated solutions as well as the algorithm runtime
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Smith, Kate. "Challenging dominant narratives : stories of women seeking asylum." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2014. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/23732/.
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In the last decade there has been a growth in the number of women seeking asylum in the United Kingdom (UK), yet research remains extremely limited. Negative and disempowering narratives have come to dominate contemporary understandings of women seeking asylum. Taking a relational narrative approach and drawing on feminist perspectives, the main aim of this research was to explore the stories told by women seeking asylum. Placing the stories of women at the heart of this study, I conducted interviews with seventeen women who had made a claim for asylum in the UK. Their interviews were recorded, transcribed and then analysed using the Listening Guide. A further analytical step was developed called ‘letting stories breathe’. Hearing women’s stories of persecution and sexual violence, I present four recurring, inter-linked and, at times, contradictory narratives. These I have called the narrative of resistance, the narrative of reworking, the narrative of resilience and the narrative of ruination. I suggest that women, despite limited opportunities and restricted choices, do not necessarily accept the concepts and notions which have formed a basis for contemporary understandings about women seeking asylum in the UK. Furthering our knowledge of the relationship between stories and the narratives which frame them, I have demonstrated the active role women play in the construction of their own stories. Inspired by the stories told by women, this thesis contributes to creating a space where women seeking asylum can tell their own stories about their lives.
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Rosenzweig, Leah R. "Community carrots and social sticks : why the poor vote in a dominant-party system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118219.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 167-176).<br>In dominant-party states, why do individuals vote in elections with foregone conclusions when they are neither bought nor coerced? It is especially curious in these cases why the rural poor decide to cast their ballots. I posit that communities that collectively rely on the government for public services foster social norms of voting to influence turnout. Motivated by the perception that regimes reward high turnout areas with public goods, communities use esteem "carrots" and social "sticks" to overcome free-rider incentives and increase the likelihood of receiving services. The norm is strongest in less politically-competitive areas, precisely where the puzzle of participation is most obvious. At the individual level, those who rely on their local community for non-material goods, such as information and kinship, are more likely to comply with the norm in order to secure their access to these social benefits. Findings from a lab-in-the-field voting experiment in rural Tanzania indicate a strong influence of the social norm of voting. In the experiment, when turnout is public to their neighbors, respondents are 11 percentage points more likely to vote, compared to when they are in private. The theory, which applies broadly to many patronage-based regimes, explains how communities sustain social norms of voting even when elections lack legitimacy, elucidating the paradox of high turnout in dominant-party systems.<br>by Leah R. Rosenzweig.<br>Ph. D.
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Neczypor, Bethany N. "Examining the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Positive Social Attention." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1438277499.
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Cohen, Adam Daniel. "Social Dominance and Conciliatory Gestures as Determinants of Reconciliation and Forgiveness." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/150.
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In this project I evaluated the effect of social dominance on reconciliation and forgiveness. Based on studies of nonhuman primates, it was hypothesized that humans would be more likely to accept and reciprocate conciliatory gestures when made by more socially dominant people. It was also hypothesized that the moderating effect of relative dominance on a victim?s decision to forgive would not be as strong as relative dominance?s effect on a victim?s decision to reconcile. This hypothesis was based on the expectation that reconciliation is most essential for gaining access to transgressor-controlled resources. However, conciliatory gestures by less dominant transgressors more effectively elicited forgiveness and reconciliation, as these gestures were evidently more successful at making victims feel safe. Also, relative dominance did not have a greater effect on victims? conciliatory behaviors than on forgiveness.
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Hillin, Suzanne. "Authoritarianism, Social Dominance Orientation, and Behavior in Majority and Minority Groups." TopSCHOLAR®, 2000. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/719.
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The influence of authoritarianism, social dominance, and ingroup identification on ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination in a minimal group paradigm were investigated in this study. Possible effects of majority and minority group size interactions with these constructs were also examined. It has been previously shown that right-wing authoritarianism (Altemeyer, 1981) and social dominance orientation (Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, & Malle, 1994) influence ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination in Tajfel's (1978) minimal group paradigm (McFarland & Ageyev, 1992; Perrault & Bourhis, 1999; Sidanius, Pratto, & Mitchell, 1994). Majority and minority group status also influence behavior in minimal groups (Gerard & Hoyt, 1974; Otten, Mummendey, & Blanz, 1996; Sachdev & Bourhis, 1984; Simon & Brown, 1987). Based on motivational differences between authoritarianism and social dominance, individuals higher in authoritarianism were expected to display greater ingroup favoritism than those lower in authoritarianism, regardless of group size. Social dominance was expected to interact with group size such that individuals higher on this dimension in minority groups would identify less with the ingroup, as opposed to those in majority groups who would identify more, and display less favoritism toward the ingroup than those in majority groups. To create minimal groups, participants completed an estimation task and were told that their scores indicated they were either "overestimators" or "underestimators." Three conditions were established: Neutral (group size was unspecified), majority (one group was identified as being numerically large), and minority (one group was identified as being numerically small). Trait ratings (Thompson & Crocker, 1990) and Tajfel's (1978) resource allocation task were used to measure ingroup favoritism. Participants overall displayed ingroup favoritism on both dependent measures, although parity was used most on the Tajfel (1978) matrices. Neither authoritarianism, social dominance, nor any interaction between these constructs and group size significantly affected trait ratings. On the matrices, authoritarianism led to favoritism on only one of the six pull scores and did not interact with group size. Social dominance led those in the neutral condition to display greater ingroup favoritism. Contrary to predictions, social dominance led those in majority groups to select parity over favoritism, but did not affect those in minority groups. Finally, ingroup identification mediated the relationship between social dominance and ingroup favoritism on the trait ratings for those in neutral and minority groups, though not in the predicted direction. Those in minority groups gave more positive trait ratings to the ingroup rather than to the majority outgroup as their identification with the ingroup increased.
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Sánchez-Tójar, Alfredo [Verfasser]. "The evolution of social dominance in house sparrows / Alfredo Sánchez-Tójar." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1206539038/34.
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Gentle, Louise Kate. "Fat load and social dominance in the great tit (Parus major)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365827.
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Van, der Westhuizen Donné. "Social dominance in relation to other putative basic emotions in humans." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11799.
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Includes bibliographical references.<br>There is a significant body of research within the general neurosciences that has begun to investigate a behavioural state in animals and humans, which appears to suggest the existence of a ‘social dominance instinct’. One such finding is that across mammalian species, groups of cohabiting animals reliably organise themselves into dominance hierarchies characterised by differential allocation of social and resource holding power, and that testosterone and cortisol appear to underpin these social mechanisms. While the literature is considerable, the emotional aspects of this intrinsic tendency have received less attention, and systematic attempts to ascertain to what extent the neural circuitry, and its associated affects and behaviours, can be accommodated within the primary emotional taxonomy proposed by Panksepp (1998) have not been undertaken. Based on the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS), developed to measure the relative influence of basic affective systems on human temperamental variability, this research used hormone assays and factor analytic methods to explore the latent structure of the ANPS when DOMINANCE items are included.
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Boulton, Kay. "Coping with stress : personality, life history and social dominance in swordtail fishes, Xiphophorus sp." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9650.
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Competition for resources plays an important role in natural selection, creating winners and losers. Winners become socially dominant, obtain resources and so increase their fitness at the expense of losers. Provided they are heritable, phenotypic traits promoting competitive success will be inherited by subsequent generations. Thus, while resource dependent traits (e.g. growth) that rely on competitive outcomes are widely recognised as being under strong selection, this is also likely to be the case for those traits that determine competitive ability and social dominance. In addition, competition is expected to be an important source of stress, for example, harassment of subordinates by dominant individuals. Consequently individual fitness may depend not only on the ability to win resources, but also on the ability to cope with stress. This thesis proposes that social dominance is not just a simple consequence of body size or weaponry, but rather that the interplay between growth, repeatable behavioural characteristics (i.e. personality), and the ability to cope with social and environmental stressors are equally important factors. Thus the dynamic of dominance arises, a model that highlights the expectation of complex relationships between traits causal and consequent to social dominance. Here, empirical studies of Xiphophorus sp. are used to test each element in the model. First the concept of individual personality is explored, asking to what extent it is really stable over long periods of time (equivalent to lifespans). Next, the links between behaviour, physiological stress and contest outcome are considered and, using a repeated measures approach, the hypothesis that individuals differ in stress coping style is evaluated. Finally, using a quantitative genetic approach the additive genetic variance-covariance matrix (G) is estimated between behavioural and life history traits under experimentally manipulated levels of competition. In this way the contribution of genetic and environmental effects to the patterns of trait (co)variation that make up the dynamic of dominance is assessed.