Thematische Bibliographien / Social dominans

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Social dominans“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 30. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Social dominans"

Auken, Sune. „Genre as Fictional Action : On the Use of Rhetorical Genres in Fiction“. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Informationsvidenskab og Kulturformidling 2, Nr. 3 (22.03.2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntik.v2i3.25965.

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Artiklen er en interdisciplinær studie imellem den litterære og den retoriske genreforskning med udgangspunkt i den retoriske genreforsknings velfortjente dominans. Artiklen foreslår et samarbejde og angiver ét muligt startpunkt for samarbejdet, idet den bruger Carolyn Millers berømte begreb om genre som social handling som redskab til at analysere litterære figurers sociale handlinger gennem genre internt i fiktioner.

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Hansson, Finn. „Marx og det moderne arbejdsliv – en diskussion af arbejdsværditeoriens betydning for kritikken af arbejdslivet i den globale kapitalisme“. Dansk Sociologi 20, Nr. 2 (08.04.2009): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v20i2.2993.

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Den globale kapitalisme er eksplosiv i sin udvikling, og det har resulteret i, at den ofte beskrives ud fra en række nye synonymer, såsom vidensøkonomi, oplevelsesøkonomi eller kreativ økonomi. Denne artikel vil undersøge om de modsætninger og problemer, som denne nye kapitalisme skaber for lønarbejderne, kan analyseres fra en kritisk position med udgangspunkt i Marx’ økonomikritik. Begrundelsen for at vælge dette kritikperspektiv er, at den meget levedygtige globale kapitalisme viser sin dynamik gennem en eksplosiv udbredelse af vareliggørelsen af alle former for aktiviteter til alle dele af samfundet og hele kloden. Vareformens dominans gør det afgørende at fastholde, at kritiske nøgleindsigter i denne samfundsstruktur skal udvikles gennem en fornyet kritisk refleksion af den mest omfattende analyse af vareformen i et kapitalistisk samfund, og den finder vi hos Marx i Kapitalen. Marx’ analyse af kapitalismen er ikke først og fremmest en teori om økonomiens strukturering og udvikling, men en teori om magt og sociale relationer i arbejdslivet i det kapitalistiske samfund. Teorien er en formanalyse, forstået som en analyse af de former, vare- og værdiformen, som med Marx’ ord gennemtrænger og strukturerer de samfund, der er bygget op på en kapitalistisk vareøkonomi – hvorfor en kritik må sættes ind netop der. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Finn Hansson: Marx and Modern Working Life. A Discussion of the Labour Theory of Value’s Meaning for the Critique of Working Life in Global Capitalism Global capitalism has often been described through a number of synonyms like knowledge economy, experience economy or creative economy. This article will show that this “new” capitalism is really not that new and that new problems in working life can be analyzed and understood by going back to Marx and his critique of the political economy. The key reason for going back to Marx is that his social criticism rests on a theory of the commodity and value form – and that modern capitalism has extended commoditization to all sectors of society. The aim of Marx’s social critique in Capital is to understand the roots of power and social dominance in work-life situations and its impact on the reproduction of labour power. His major tool is the theory of forms, commodity and value forms, permeating the whole capitalist society. Key words: Capitalism, work life, critical sociology, Marxism.

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Tibbetts, Elizabeth A., Michelle L. Fearon, Ellery Wong, Zachary Y. Huang und Robin M. Tinghitella. „Rapid juvenile hormone downregulation in subordinate wasp queens facilitates stable cooperation“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, Nr. 1872 (07.02.2018): 20172645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2645.

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In many cooperatively breeding animals, subordinate group members have lower reproductive capacity than dominant group members. Theory suggests subordinates may downregulate their reproductive capacity because dominants punish subordinates who maintain high fertility. However, there is little direct experimental evidence that dominants cause physiological suppression in subordinates. Here, we experimentally test how social interactions influence subordinate reproductive hormones in Polistes dominula paper wasps. Polistes dominula queens commonly found nests in cooperative groups where the dominant queen is more fertile than the subordinate queen. In this study, we randomly assigned wasps to cooperative groups, assessed dominance behaviour during group formation, then measured levels of juvenile hormone (JH), a hormone that mediates Polistes fertility. Within three hours, lowest ranking subordinates had less JH than dominants or solitary controls, indicating that group formation caused rapid JH reduction in low-ranking subordinates. In a second experiment, we measured the behavioural consequences of experimentally increasing subordinate JH. Subordinates with high JH-titres received significantly more aggression than control subordinates or subordinates from groups where the dominant's JH was increased. These results suggest that dominants aggressively punished subordinates who attempted to maintain high fertility. Low-ranked subordinates may rapidly downregulate reproductive capacity to reduce costly social interactions with dominants. Rapid modulation of subordinate reproductive physiology may be an important adaptation to facilitate the formation of stable, cooperative groups.

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Benhaiem, Sarah, Heribert Hofer, Martin Dehnhard, Janine Helms und Marion L. East. „Sibling competition and hunger increase allostatic load in spotted hyaenas“. Biology Letters 9, Nr. 3 (23.06.2013): 20130040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0040.

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Allostatis is the process of maintaining homeostatis through behavioural or physiological responses to challenges, and its cumulative energetic cost is termed allostatic load. The allostatic load hypothesis predicts that hunger and the mechanisms that establish and maintain social dominance should have a strong impact on allostatic load. In spotted hyaenas, dominance between twin siblings emerges during intense early competition for maternal milk and involves trained winner/loser effects . Conflict over access to teats declines with age as behavioural dominance conventions are established. In young litters, the allostatic load of subordinates measured in terms of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations (fGMCs) should be higher than that of dominants. When low milk provisioning threatens survival, hungry subordinates are more assertive, particularly when competing against a dominant sister. Dominants challenged by assertive subordinates should have allostatic loads and fGMCs above those of dominants with subordinates that adhere to dominance conventions. We show that in young litters, subordinates had significantly higher fGMCs than dominants, and dominant sisters had significantly higher fGMCs than dominant brothers. When hungry, both dominants and subordinates had significantly higher fGMCs than when fed. Our results provide evidence that hunger and sibling competition affect allostatic load in spotted hyaenas.

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Papageorgiou, Danai, und Damien R. Farine. „Shared decision-making allows subordinates to lead when dominants monopolize resources“. Science Advances 6, Nr. 48 (November 2020): eaba5881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba5881.

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The concepts of leadership and dominance are often conflated, with individuals high in the social hierarchy assumed to be decision-makers. Dominants can exclusively benefit from monopolizing food resources and, therefore, induce an intragroup conflict when leading their group to these resources. We demonstrate that shared decision-making reduces such conflicts by studying movement initiations of wild vulturine guineafowl, a species that forms large, stable social groups with a steep dominance hierarchy. When dominant individuals displace subordinates from monopolizable food patches, the excluded subordinates subsequently initiate collective movement. The dominants then abandon the patch to follow the direction of subordinates, contrasting with nonmonopolizable resources where no individuals are excluded, and dominant individuals contribute extensively to group decisions. Our results demonstrate the role of shared decision-making in maintaining the balance of influence within animal societies.

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Cant, M. A., S. English, H. K. Reeve und J. Field. „Escalated conflict in a social hierarchy“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, Nr. 1604 (31.08.2006): 2977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3669.

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Animals that live in cooperative societies form hierarchies in which dominant individuals reap disproportionate benefits from group cooperation. The stability of these societies requires subordinates to accept their inferior status rather than engage in escalated conflict with dominants over rank. Applying the logic of animal contests to these cases predicts that escalated conflict is more likely where subordinates are reproductively suppressed, where group productivity is high, relatedness is low, and where subordinates are relatively strong. We tested these four predictions in the field on co-foundress associations of the paper wasp Polistes dominulus by inducing contests over dominance rank experimentally. Subordinates with lower levels of ovarian development, and those in larger, more productive groups, were more likely to escalate in conflict with their dominant, as predicted. Neither genetic relatedness nor relative body size had significant effects on the probability of escalation. The original dominant emerged as the winner in all except one escalated contest. The results provide the first evidence that reproductive suppression of subordinates increases the threat of escalated conflict, and hence that reproductive sharing can promote stability of the dominant–subordinate relationship.

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Ramsay, Scott M., und Laurene M. Ratcliffe. „Determinants of social rank in female black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla)“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, Nr. 1 (01.01.2003): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-241.

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Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla) mate assortatively by social rank. Previous field studies suggest that intrinsic characteristics of females may influence success at pairing with dominant males. Here we examined factors leading to dominance using dyads of captive unfamiliar females. The ownerintruder hypothesis predicts that prior residency determines dominantsubordinate relationships. The resource-value hypothesis suggests that social status is initially determined by need and the relationship persists through familiarity of the interactants. The resource holding potential hypothesis suggests that individuals win in dyadic contests because of intrinsic characteristics such as size or age. We tested the ownerintruder and resource-value hypotheses by allowing females prior residency in aviaries where dominance interactions subsequently occurred and by food depriving the intruders. Post-hoc comparisons of dominantsubordinate attributes tested the resource holding potential hypothesis. We found that owners were more likely to win interactions. Hungry individuals showed no competitive advantage. Dominants and subordinates did not differ in morphology or age. Our results agree with data from willow tits (Parus montanus) which show that captive females establish dominance independent of males and that prior residence plays a key role. These findings, together with field studies, suggest that assortative mating in chickadees results, at least in part, from intrasexual interactions among females.

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Field, Jeremy, und Michael A. Cant. „Social stability and helping in small animal societies“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, Nr. 1533 (12.11.2009): 3181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0110.

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In primitively eusocial societies, all individuals can potentially reproduce independently. The key fact that we focus on in this paper is that individuals in such societies instead often queue to inherit breeding positions. Queuing leads to systematic differences in expected future fitness. We first discuss the implications this has for variation in behaviour. For example, because helpers nearer to the front of the queue have more to lose, they should work less hard to rear the dominant's offspring. However, higher rankers may be more aggressive than low rankers, even if they risk injury in the process, if aggression functions to maintain or enhance queue position. Second, we discuss how queuing rules may be enforced through hidden threats that rarely have to be carried out. In fishes, rule breakers face the threat of eviction from the group. In contrast, subordinate paper wasps are not injured or evicted during escalated challenges against the dominant, perhaps because they are more valuable to the dominant. We discuss evidence that paper-wasp dominants avoid escalated conflicts by ceding reproduction to subordinates. Queuing rules appear usually to be enforced by individuals adjacent in the queue rather than by dominants. Further manipulative studies are required to reveal mechanisms underlying queue stability and to elucidate what determines queue position in the first place.

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Gupta, Priyanshu, und Manish Thakur. „The Changing Rural-agrarian Dominance: A Conceptual Excursus“. Sociological Bulletin 66, Nr. 1 (April 2017): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022916687062.

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Based on a review of extant literature, this article entreats for thorough-going empirical investigation of rural-agrarian dominance in the context of the fundamental transformation of the ‘village’ from the spatial habitat of the traditionally ‘dominant’ to the ‘waiting room’ for the aspiring and the despairing. 1 Against the backdrop of the cultural devaluation of agriculture as an unrewarding profession and the village as the dark underbelly of a shining India, it underlines the need to revisit the conventional political economy models of rural-agrarian dominance. We argue that the triad of caste, land and political power does not exhaust the emergent constituents of rural-agrarian dominance. The aspirational surge towards middle-classisation, even among the village dominants, has unleashed forces and processes whose ramifications have to be meticulously thought through. The three-class dominant social coalition model prevalent in the political economy literature largely fails to take into account the inherent dynamism of the village dominants and their deep-seated propensity for middle-classisation.

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Grant, James W. A., Gavin Lee und Perry Comolli. „Dominant convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) grow faster than subordinates when fed an equal ration“. Behaviour 148, Nr. 8 (2011): 877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579511x581747.

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AbstractPrevious studies indicate that dominant fish grow faster than subordinate fish when fed equal rations. It is unclear, however, whether this growth differential is caused by intrinsic differences related to their propensity to become dominant, or by the extrinsic effect of the social stress experienced by subordinates. We first tested whether dominant convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) grew faster than subordinates when fed an equal amount of food. Second, we tested whether the growth advantage of dominants occurred when only visual interactions were allowed between pairs of fish. Third, we randomly assigned social status to the fish to rule out the possibility that intrinsic differences between fish were responsible for both the establishment of dominance and the growth differences. In three separate experiments, dominant fish grew faster than size-matched subordinate convict cichlids, but the growth advantage of dominants was higher when there were direct interactions between fish compared to only visual interactions. Our results provide strong support for the hypothesis that the slower growth rate of subordinate fish was due to the physiological costs of stress.

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Mehr Quellen

Dissertationen zum Thema "Social dominans"

Gunbrandt, Annette. „Sexuell dominans : En kvalitativ studie av fyra sexuellt dominanta kvinnor“. Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social Anthropology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16600.

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Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur fyra sexuellt dominanta kvinnor uppfattar sin sexualitet. Särskilt inriktar den sig på hur kvinnorna definierar sig som sexuellt dominanta och vad dominans innebär för dem sexuellt men också till vardags och generellt. Vidare undersöks hur informanterna uppfattar sin sexuella dominans i relation till sin identitet och sitt identitetsskapande överlag. För att kunna verkställa syftet har fyra kvinnor intervjuats som alla definierar sig som sexuellt dominanta på ett eller annat vis. Fortsättningsvis inriktar sig uppsatsen på kvinnor som utövar sin sexuella dominans via aktiviteter och uttryck för dominans vanliga inom bdsm.

This thesis aims to examine how four sexually dominant women understand their sexuality. It specifically concentrates upon how the women defines themselves as sexually dominant and what dominance means to them sexually but also what it means to them in everyday life and in general. Additionally this essay examines how the informants understand their sexual dominance in relation to their identity and in shaping their identity. In order to carry out the purpose of this thesis four women who define themselves in one way or another as sexually dominant have been interviewed. Furthermore the study focuses upon women who practice their sexual dominance through activities and expressions that are common in the world of bdsm.

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Engström, Linnéa. „Manlig dominans och benägenhet att använda våld : ett genusperspektiv på krishantering“. Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-3832.

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Den här studien är ett bidrag till forskning om hur genus påverkar beslutsfattande i kris. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om graden av manlig dominans i parlamentet påverkar benägenheten för en våldsinriktad krishantering. Manlig dominans, demokrati och korruption samt staters benägenhet att använda våld verkar hänga ihop, men med komplexa samband och relationer. Som teoretisk ram används genusforskning från främst kritiska maskulinitetsstudier. Homosocialt kapital är en viktig valuta för politiker, dels för att kunna klara av situationer av osäkerhet, dels av pragmatiska skäl för att bygga politiska nätverk. Militariserad maskulinitet visar på graden av militarism i samhället och kopplar detta till normen om hegemonisk maskulinitet. Studien visar att graden av manlig dominans, demokrati och korruption är viktiga informella strukturer som i samverkan kan skapa en benägenhet för en våldsinriktad krishantering. Studien grundar sig i en kvantitativ undersökning med en statistisk design. Urvalet baseras på de länder som upplevt en kris med militära säkerhetsimplikationer under åren 1997-2007. Modellen med manlig dominans, demokrati och korruption kan predicera vilka stater i materialet som är mer benägna att använda våld som första respons när de upplever en kris. Studien visar att ett genusperspektiv på krishantering kan ställa nya frågor om kvalitén på demokrati och gott styre samt beslutsfattande i kris.

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Ajdahi, Sami, und Erik Hansson. „Stolthet-statusmodellen och attityder till utbildning : En kvantitativ studie om hur gymnasielevers upplevelser av stolthet och social status korrelerar med deras attityder till utbildning“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52620.

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Tidigare forskning av Cheng, Tracy och Henrich (2010) har identifierat samband mellan tvåfacetter av stolthet och två olika strategier för att nå social status. Dessa samband harkonceptualiserats till stolthet-statusmodellen. Den har tidigare undersökts i en amerikanskpopulation och det finns enbart en studie på en liten avgränsad svensk population. Vidarefinns det inga tidigare studier som har undersökt om stolthet-statusmodellen samvarierar medpositiva attityder till utbildning. Denna studies syften var därför att undersöka stolthet-statusmodellen på en svensk population samt undersöka hur de olika statusstrategierna ochstolthetsfacetterna samvarierar med positiva attityder kring utbildning. För att undersöka dettagjordes ett bekvämlighetsurval av 609 stycken elever på teoretiska gymnasieprogram som fickskatta sin subjektiva upplevelse av stolthetsfacetterna, statusstrategierna samt sina positivaattityder till utbildning. Gymnasieelevernas skattningar korrelerades och skillnaden mellankorrelationerna undersöktes. Resultaten visar att stolthet-statusmodellen delvis är valid på ensvensk population, att statusstrategier samvarierar signifikant med positiva attityder tillutbildning och att stolthetsfacetterna till viss del samvarierar signifikant med positiva attitydertill utbildning. Möjliga förklaringar till resultaten diskuteras tillsammans med enmetoddiskussion samt praktiska implikationer och förslag på framtida forskning om stolthet-statusmodellen och positiva attityder till utbildning.
Previous research by Cheng, Tracy and Henrich (2010) has identified relationships betweentwo facets of pride and two different strategies to attain social status. These relationships havebeen conceptualized to a pride-status model. The model has been tested on an Americanpopulation and only in one study has it been tested in a Swedish context. Moreover, there areno previous studies on the possible relationship between the pride-status model and positiveattitudes towards post-secondary education. Therefore, the purposes of this study were toinvestigate if the pride-status model is valid on a Swedish population and investigate how thedifferent status strategies and facets of pride relate to positive attitudes towards post-secondary education. In order to examine this, a convenience sample consisting of 609students in high school preparing for post-secondary education rated subjective experiences offacets of pride, social status strategies and attitudes towards post-secondary education. Thestudents’ ratings were correlated with each other and the difference between the correlationswas examined. The findings show that the pride-status model is partly valid on a Swedishpopulation and that the status strategies correlated significantly with positive attitudes towardspost-secondary education. The facets of pride were significantly correlated with positiveattitudes towards post-secondary education to some extent. Possible explanations of thefindings are discussed together with a methodology discussion and proposals for futureresearch within the area of the pride-status model and attitudes towards education.

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Kässlin, Tony. „Kinas väg till dominans? : En fallstudie om Belt and Road Initiative som utrikespolitisk strategi“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104329.

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The purpose of this essay is to explore China's foreign policy through Joseph S. Nye's theory of power applied on the Belt and Road Initiative. It aims to answer whether or not China's foreign policy has changed during Xi Jinping's presidency and in what way Belt and Road Initiative can be explained in terms of power behaviour and power resources. The method used in this essay is that of a case study. The empirical evidence shows that China's foreign policy has changed in a direction that is meant to strengthen Xi Jinping's influence and that Belt and Road Initiative is a project with the intention to accumulate economic resources. It also shows that China's government and domestic policies weakens its "soft power" resources due to restraints in its civil society. The essayc concludes that the Belt and Road Initiative is China and Xi Jinping's expansion strategy whose main objective is to create incentives for Chinese domestic, economic growth. It also concludes that Chinese "soft power" would increase if the domestic policies would aim for a more democratic course.

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Boudrie, Henrik, und Ellenor Moshél. „Testdatahantering i relation till GDPR : En studie om risker, maktförhållande, dominans och utanförskap som en följd av GDPR“. Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-72602.

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Rådberg, Jessica. „Att inte ha den naturliga platsen på arbetet“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31642.

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Studien belyser kvinnors upplevelser av arbete inom svensk herrhockey samt vanligt förekommande hinder som kvinnor upplevt ha stött på under sin karriär. Svensk hockey präglas utefter tradition av mycket manliga normer och är även en mycket mansdominerad arena och sport där framstegen i fråga om jämställdhet hindras av de sociala konstruktionerna maskulinitet och femininitet.Syftet med studien är att genom semistrukturerade intervjuer undersöka samt belysa hur kvinnor på högre positioner inom arbeten med koppling till svensk herrhockey upplever att arbeta inom en mansdominerad arena.Studiens tre forskningsfrågor är utformade för att kunna besvara syftet och för att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur kvinnor upplever att arbeta inom svensk herrhockey och är följande:1) Hur upplever kvinnor på högre positioner inom arbeten med svensk herrhockey att arbeta inom en mansdominerad verksamhet?2) Har respondenten stött på något arbetsrelaterat hinder under sin karriär och i sådant fall vilket/vilka?3) Exkluderas kvinnor från att arbeta och utvecklas inom svensk herrhockey?Metoden är av kvalitativ karaktär varav semistrukturerade frågor har genomförts med fem olika kvinnliga respondenter. Respondenterna har haft eller besitter i nuläget en högre position med koppling till arbete inom svensk herrhockey. Intervjuerna har genomförts antingen via telefon eller där respondenten och författaren träffats.Material har samlats in via tidigare nämnda intervjuer samt dokumentanalys. Resultatet påvisar att kvinnor generellt sett har en positiv upplevelse av arbete inom svensk herrhockey och att det hinder som de menar är mest centrala i frågan är att som kvinna bli tagen på allvar samt många gånger behöva bevisa sig i sitt arbete.Nyckelord: Hinder, jämställdhet, kvinna, mansdominans, svensk herrhockey och sport.
The study ”Not having a natural role within the workplace” highlights women's experience of working within Swedish ice hockey, and discusses common barriers in their work. Traditionally the Swedish ice hockey community is a highly male-dominated arena where the progress in equality is hindered by the social constructions of masculinity and femininity.The purpose of the study is to investigate and illustrate, through semi-structured interviews how women in higher positions experience working in a male-dominated arena.The research questions addressed by this study were:1)How does women in higher positions within Swedish Men’s Ice Hockey, experince working in a male dominated profession?2)Has the respondent encountered any work-related barriers during their career? If so, what?3)Are woman being hindered from working and developing within Swedish Men’s ice hockey? The study is based on a qualitative research method. Semi-structured interviews and document analysis are used as empirical material.The theoretical foundation of this thesis is based on six different theories: Social construction of genus, Hirdmans genus contract, The Gender Theory, The Female Theory, The Feminist Theory and The Social Role Theory. Results of the study shows that the participating women in general has a great experience working within Swedish ice hockey and in a male-dominated arena. The most common and central barriers were to be taken seriously and constantly prove themselves through their work.Keywords: Barriers, equality, female, male dominans, swedish icehockey and sport.

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Winqvist, Martin, und Alexander Gävert. „Är vi svenskar nu? : En kvalitativ studie om före detta ensamkommandeflyktingbarns syn på den egna kulturella identiteteni förhållande till den svenska kulturens dominans“. Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Sociologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28018.

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The purpose of the study was to seek a deeper understanding of how former unaccompanied refugees look at their situation in Sweden; how they describe their own sense of belonging, how they view participation in Swedish society and how they perceive "the Swedish culture". To answer the purpose of the study we have used a qualitative method in the form of semi structured interviews. During these interviews questions were raised based on three themes: KASAM (sense of context), cultural meetings and social interaction. The result showed that there are several reasons why cultural integration is difficult to achieve, that the respondents are to a small extent cultural-integrated and that the theories that exist about cultural integration cannot accurately be used to identify different types of integration.
Syftet med studien var att söka en djupare förståelse för hur före detta ensamkommande flyktingbarn ser på sin situation i Sverige; hur de beskriver och redogör för sin egen känsla av samhörighet, hur de ser på delaktighet i det svenska samhället och hur de uppfattar “den svenska kulturen”. För att besvara syftet med studien har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Under dessa intervjutillfällen ställdes frågor utifrån tre teman, vilka handlade om KASAM (känsla av sammanhang), kulturmöten och social interaktion. Resultatet visade att det finns ett flertal skäl till att kulturell integration är svår att uppnå, att respondenterna i liten grad är kulturellt integrerade samt att de teorier som finns i ämnet om kulturell integration inte med exakthet kan användas för att identifiera olika typer av integration.

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Messanga, obama Célestin. „La communication sur le sida : discours dominants et discours dominés dans la construction de la réalité du SIDA au Cameroun“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20028/document.

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Le sida est l’objet d’une abondante production discursive faisant intervenir une pluralité d’acteurs au Cameroun. Tous les acteurs de la communication sociale sur le sida ne lui accordent cependant pas la même signification. Les uns le considèrent comme une affection au même titre que les autres affections connues c’est-à-dire résultant de l’action pathogène d’un micro-organisme naturel appelé vih ; pour d’autres, le sida est un état physiologique ouvert à la maladie du fait de la déficience immunitaire ; une dernière catégorie le considère comme une maladie mystique c’est-à-dire, due soit à l’action des sorciers, soit à la colère de Dieu. Une analyse fondée sur la définition révèle que les convictions et certitudes exprimées par les acteurs de la communication sociale sur le sida ne sont pas le reflet d’une réalité ontologique, incréée, palpable et décelable objectivement ; il s’agit plutôt des constructions. Deux types de constructions se dégagent de ce processus : l’une, scientifique, fait intervenir des acteurs partageant les mêmes savoirs et pratiques scientifiques. Ils s’expriment dans des espaces symboliques particuliers qui sont : l’hôpital, le laboratoire d’analyses médicales, les médias et les institutions publiques. Les discours scientifiques changent, modifiant ainsi les représentations et convictions conséquentes. Le deuxième type de construction fait intervenir d’une part, les acteurs non scientifiques et les spécialistes des disciplines autres que la biologie et d’autre part, des biologistes considérés comme en marge de l’orthodoxie. Alors que les acteurs de la dynamique scientifique disposent des instances d’arbitrage et de consensus permettant d’harmoniser leurs vues, ceux de la dynamique populaire évoluent sans coordination. La dynamique populaire intègre les discours scientifiques dans des systèmes de savoirs et pratiques culturelles, autant qu’il procède à des formulations relatives aux différentes manières dont les cultures concernées se représentent la santé et la maladie. Il en résulte des convictions et représentations particulières, différentes de celles suggérées par les discours scientifiques. Parce que les discours populaires intègrent discours scientifiques dissidents, ils suscitent la réplique ou le réajustement des discours dominants. L’interaction entre les discours dominants et les discours dominés participe d’une construction de synthèse qui rend encore plus mouvante, la saisie du sida
In Cameroon, the Aids issue is the subject of an abundant discursive work that brings in a plurality of actors. However, all the social communication actors on AIDS do not give the same meaning to the issue. Some consider it as affection, in the same way as the other known affections. For them, it results from the pathogenic action of a natural micro-organism called HIV; for others, AIDS is a physiological state open to the sickness due to immunodeficiency; and a last category considers it as a mystical sickness which is due either to the action of witch – doctors or to God’s anger. But an analysis based on the definition of the concepts used reveals that the convictions and certainties expressed by the social communication actors on AIDS, are not the reflection of an ontological, uncreated, palpable and objectively discernable reality. They are rather possibilities. Two types of possibilities emerge from this process: the scientific one which brings in actors who share the same scientific knowledge and practices, who have the same viewpoint and are recognized by others as being competent to talk about AIDS. They usually express themselves in specific symbolic places like hospitals, medical analysis laboratories, media and public institutions. The scientific discourse sometimes changes, thus modifying the consequent thoughts and convictions. The second type of possibility brings in non scientific actors and specialists in other fields than biology, but also biologists who are considered as being in the margin of the orthodoxy. Whereas the actors of the scientific dynamic have at their disposal the consensus and arbitration bodies that permit them to harmonize their views, those of the popular dynamic move along without any coordination. The popular dynamic integrates scientific discourse into cultural practices and knowledge systems, as well as it makes formulations relating to the different manners the cultures concerned think of health and sickness. The end results are the specific thoughts and beliefs different from those suggested by the scientific discourse. Due to the fact that popular discourse integrates dissident scientific discourse, it gives rise to the reply or the re-adjustment of the prevailing discourse. The interaction between the prevailing discourse and the non prevailing discourse contributes to a synthesis building up which renders again more unstable, the understanding of AIDS

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Emanuelsson, Emma, und Elina Eriksson. „"Det borde vara ocoolt att vara elak" : En grundad teori om gymnasieelevers perspektiv på pro-aggressiva deltagarroller“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Psykologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177522.

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Mobbning är ett socialt fenomen där det ofta finns flera olika deltagarroller närvarande. Deltagarrollerna är offer, mobbare, assistenter, understödjare, passiva åskådare och försvarare. De flesta barn och ungdomar tycker att mobbning är fel men ändå ökar mobbningen i svenska skolor. Mobbning kan fungera som ett medel för att klättra i den sociala hierarkin och erhålla social status. För att kunna utföra elaka handlingar utan att känna skuld kan individer också använda sig av moraliskt disengagemang. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka möjliga förklaringsmodeller gymnasieelever själva identifierar att elever använder för att rättfärdiga pro-aggressiva deltagarroller (dvs. mobbare, assistent och understödjare) i mobbning. Fjorton fokusgruppsintervjuer genomfördes med totalt 51 gymnasieelever. Deltagarna presenterades två snarlika vinjetter som gestaltade en mobbningssituation i en killgrupp och en tjejgrupp. Utifrån premissen att personerna i vinjetten tycker att mobbning generellt sett är fel, fick deltagarna resonera kring varför de tror att eleverna intar de olika deltagarrollerna. Analys av data genomfördes med hjälp av konstruktivistisk grundad teori. Resultatet visade på att utifrån gymnasieelevers perspektiv så hamnar elever i de tre pro-aggressiva rollerna för att de är upptagna av sociala processer som relaterar till kärnkategorin: att tillhöra maktsfären. Studiens resultat bekräftar flera tidigare forskningsfynd och ger en djupare förståelse för varför elever intar pro-aggressiva deltagarroller vid mobbning. Studiens styrkor och begränsningar samt förslag på vidare forskning lyfts fram.

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Johmår, Lowisa, und Maria Appeltofft. „Vilken personlig ledarstil driver team till en framgångsrik utveckling?“ Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21698.

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Studien är en kvalitativt utformad fallstudie, med ett jämförande syfte och är inspirerad av diskursanalytiskt synsätt. Syftet med studien är att bidra med ny kunskap kring diskursen om team samt ledarskapets faktiska påverkan. Från hur ledarstilen influerar team till hur medarbetarna upplever ledarskapet. Vilka resonemang som förekommer hos ledare kontra medarbetare, då en grupp individer med olika personligheter, intressen och kompetenser skall utföra sitt arbete som ett team. För att belysa studiens syfte har en växelverkan mellan empirisk och teoretisk reflektion återspeglat det kunskapsbidrag som studien givit. Studien är baserad på åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med ledare och medarbetare samt observationer av två medverkande organisationer. RONS-analysen som utförts påvisade att Resultatjägaren är den mest förekommande ledarstilen, men samtidigt den minst gynnsamma att leda team på. RONS är en förkortning av Resultatjägare, Organisatör, Nytänkaren och Samordnaren, ett samlingsnamn för olika ledarstilar. Materiell motivation och press var vanligt förekommande, medan den positiva inverkan på teamen handlar om inre motivation. Ledarstilen Samordnaren var en fördelaktig ledarstil för ett välmående team med hållbar utveckling. Entreprenören var den ledarstil som lyckas utveckla teamet positivt, även i motvind av hierarkiska organisationer, då denna ledartyp utmärks som driven och orädd. Samtliga ledare förnekade att hierarki och materiell belöning förekom i organisationerna, men motsatsen påvisades på olika sätt, då ledarna endast var de som styrde teamen, tillsammans med den utsedda informella ledaren som en högra hand. De som leder likt en Resultatjägare gynnas av ett hierarkiskt arbetsklimat. Dock visar sig denna typ av organisationsform ha negativ påverkan på team. Materiell lika så, utan någon särskild positiv effekt.
This study is designed as a qualitative, comparative case study and the method is inspired by a discourse analysis. The purpose of this study is to contribute with new knowledge around the discourse of teams and the actual influence of leadership. From how the leadership style influence teams to how employees perceive leadership. What reasoning exist in leaders and employees, when a group of individuals with different personalities, interest and skills should perform their work as a team. To highlight the purpose of the study, an interaction between empirical and theoretical reflection reflects the knowledge contribution that the study has provided. The case study's data collection method consists of eight semi-structured interviews with managers and employees combined with with observations by two participating organizations. The RONS-analysis carried out, showed that the Result Hunter was the most common leadership style, but at the same time the least favourable to lead teams on. RONS is an abbreviation of Result Hunter, Organizer, New Thinker and Coordinator, a collective name for different leadership styles. Material motivation and pressure were common, while the positive impact on the teams was about internal motivation. Leadership style The Coordinator was an advantageous leadership style for a prosperous team with sustainable development. The entrepreneur was the leadership style that manages to develop the team positively, even in the headwinds of hierarchical organizations, as this type of leader is driven and fearless. All leaders denied that hierarchy and material rewards existed in the organizations, but the opposite was demonstrated in different ways, since the leaders were the only ones who led the teams, together with the designated informal leader as their right hand. Those who lead like a Result Hunter benefit from a hierarchical working climate. However, this type of organizational form proves to have a negative impact on teams. Material equally so, with no particular positive effect.

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Bücher zum Thema "Social dominans"

Swartling, Jan-Axel. Ideologi och realitetsarbete: Om analys av makt och dominans på etnometodologisk grund. Stockholm: Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 1998.

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Chakravarty, Satya R., Hrsg. Poverty, Social Exclusion and Stochastic Dominance. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3432-0.

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Paulsen, Geda. Causation and dominance: A study of Finnish causative verbs expressing social dominance. Åbo [Finland]: Å̊bo Akademi University Press, 2011.

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Felicia, Pratto, Hrsg. Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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Milner, Anthony Crothers. Malaysia's dominant societal paradigm: Invented, embedded, contested. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2011.

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The dominant caste and other essays. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987.

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Rao, Brinda. Dominant constructions of women and nature in social science literature. Santa Cruz, Calif: Center for Political Ecology, 1991.

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Professional dominance: The social structure of medical care. New Brunswick, NJ: Aldine Transaction, 2007.

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Murphy, Raymond. Social closure: The theory of monopolization and exclusion. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.

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Tang, Kwong-Leung. Social welfare and women: The dominant approach and the feminist critique. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Social dominans"

Kilbourne, William. „Dominant Social Paradigm“. In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1687–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3368.

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La Macchia, Stephen T., und Helena R. M. Radke. „Social Dominance Orientation and Social Dominance Theory“. In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 5028–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1267.

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La Macchia, Stephen T., und Helena R. M. Radke. „Social Dominance Orientation and Social Dominance Theory“. In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1267-1.

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Islam, Gazi. „Social Dominance Theory“. In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, 1779–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_288.

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Hodson, Gordon, und Mark R. Hoffarth. „Social Dominance Orientation“. In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 5022–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1183.

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Hodson, Gordon, und Mark R. Hoffarth. „Social Dominance Orientation“. In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1183-1.

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Roccato, Michele. „Social Dominance Theory“. In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 6057–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2753.

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Forray, Katalin R., und Tamas Kozma. „Social Equality versus Cultural Identity“. In Education, Dominance and Identity, 65–81. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-125-2_5.

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Beyer, Anna Cornelia. „Social Dominance and Hegemony“. In International Political Psychology, 55–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-37779-1_4.

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Ligocki, Isaac. „Social Dominance Reduces Fighting“. In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2516-1.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Social dominans"

Li, Yuemeng, Xintao Wu und Song Yang. „Social network dominance based on analysis of asymmetry“. In 2016 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asonam.2016.7752226.

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Ye, Mengbin, Ji Liu, Brian D. O. Anderson, Changbin Yu und Tamer Basar. „Modification of social dominance in social networks by selective adjustment of interpersonal weights“. In 2017 IEEE 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2017.8264081.

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Kuznetsova, Evgeniya. „MENTALITY AS A DOMINANT CONSTANT OF NATIONAL EXISTENCE“. In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/22/s09.065.

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Freund, Bożena. „SOCIAL CAMPAIGNS AS THE DOMINANT ELEMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION IN POLAND“. In 10th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2017.1382.

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Windasari, Nila Armelia, Fu-ren Lin und Hungwei Chen. „The Role of Social Capital on Cocreating Value for Social Enterprises: The Service Dominant Logic Perspective“. In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2017.199.

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Tashevska, Biljana, Marija Trpkova – Nestorovska und Suzana Makreshanska – Mladenovska. „IS THERE A DOMINANCE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION EXPENDITURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION?“ In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0003.

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European welfare states, with their comprehensive and generous welfare model, create the largest part of general government expenditures in the European Union member countries. Given the rising trend of social expenditure and the long-run challenges coming from population ageing, this paper addresses the issue of social dominance, a situation in which, particularly when facing limited fiscal space, social expenditure could crowd-out other productive public expenditures, thus undermining growth potentials and possibly threatening fiscal sustainability. Using a panel regression analysis, the aim of the paper is to test whether social protection expenditure has crowded-out expenditures on other purposes in the European Union in the period 1995-2018. The results provide some evidence of crowding-out of infrastructure spending and education spending. Additionally, deficit financing and rising government debt have a significant adverse effect on spending on infrastructure, education and core public services, confirming that they are more prone to cutbacks in times of deteriorating public finance. These findings, along with the long-run fiscal pressure from the ‘greying population’ and the high political costs of welfare reforms suggest significant future risks of social dominance.

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Kirley, Michael. „Dominance hierarchies and social diversity in multi-agent systems“. In the 8th annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1143997.1144026.

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Tatarinov, Aleksey. „Foolishness As A Dominant Strategy Of The Artistic Text“. In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.415.

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Glowinski, Donald, Paolo Coletta, Gualtiero Volpe, Antonio Camurri, Carlo Chiorri und Andrea Schenone. „Multi-scale entropy analysis of dominance in social creative activities“. In the international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1873951.1874143.

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Strohkorb, Sarah, Iolanda Leite, Natalie Warren und Brian Scassellati. „Classification of Children's Social Dominance in Group Interactions with Robots“. In ICMI '15: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2818346.2820735.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Social dominans"

Barranquero Carretero, A., und N. Limón Serrano. Dominant objects and methods in communication for development and social change in Spanish PhD theses and research projects (2007-2013). Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, Januar 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2017-1151en.

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Barranquero Carretero, A., und N. Limón Serrano. Objetos y métodos dominantes en comunicación para el desarrollo y el cambio social en las Tesis y Proyectos de Investigación en España (2007-2013). Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, Januar 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2017-1151.

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Oosterom, Marjoke, und James Sumberg. Are Young People in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa Caught in Waithood? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.039.

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The idea that large numbers of young people in sub-Saharan Africa are stuck in waithood – trapped between childhood and adulthood – dominates international development policy discourse. The belief is that because there are no jobs, young people cannot attain social markers of adulthood. Waithood has proved itself to be a very attractive way to frame debates and promote youth employment interventions. But research challenges two aspects of the waithood story: that young people are inactive; and that work is the only route into adulthood. Caution and nuance are required to prevent waithood becoming another catchy term that does little to improve policy.

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Lyzanchuk, Vasyl. COMMUNICATIVE SYNERGY OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL VALUES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN HYBRID WAR. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11077.

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The author characterized the Ukrainian national values, national interests and national goals. It is emphasized that national values are conceptual, ideological bases, consolidating factors, important life guidelines on the way to effective protection of Ukraine from Russian aggression and building a democratic, united Ukrainian state. Author analyzes the functioning of the mass media in the context of educational propaganda of individual, social and state values, the dominant core of which are patriotism, human rights and freedoms, social justice, material and spiritual wealth of Ukrainians, natural resources, morality, peace, religiosity, benevolence, national security, constitutional order. These key national values are a strong moral and civic core, a life-giving element, a self-affirming synergy, which on the basis of homogeneity binds the current Ukrainian society with the ancestors and their centuries-old material and spiritual heritage. Attention is focused on the fact that the current problem of building the Ukrainian state and protecting it from the brutal Moscow invaders is directly dependent on the awareness of all citizens of the essence of national values, national interests, national goals and filling them with the meaning of life, charitable socio-political life. It is emphasized that the missionary vocation of journalists to orient readers and listeners to the meaningful choice of basic national values, on the basis of which Ukrainian citizens, regardless of nationality together they will overcome the external Moscow and internal aggression of the pro-Russian fifth column, achieve peace, return the Ukrainian territories seized by the Kremlin imperialists and, in agreement will build Ukrainian Ukraine.

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Haider, Huma. Transitional Justice and Reconciliation in the Western Balkans: Approaches, Impacts and Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Januar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.033.

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Countries in the Western Balkans have engaged in various transitional justice and reconciliation initiatives to address the legacy of the wars of the 1990s and the deep political and societal divisions that persist. There is growing consensus among scholars and practitioners that in order to foster meaningful change, transitional justice must extend beyond trials (the dominant international mechanism in the region) and be more firmly anchored in affected communities with alternative sites, safe spaces, and modes of engagement. This rapid literature review presents a sample of initiatives, spanning a range of sectors and fields – truth-telling, art and culture, memorialisation, dialogue and education – that have achieved a level of success in contributing to processes of reconciliation, most frequently at the community level. It draws primarily from recent studies, published in the past five years. Much of the literature available centres on Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), with some examples also drawn from Serbia, Kosovo and North Macedonia.

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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss und Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, Mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.

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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Herausgegeben von Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.

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Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.

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