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Hasanović, M., und I. Pajević. „Social, cultural and historical aspects of prevention of alcoholism in northeast bosnia and herzegovina“. European Psychiatry 26, S2 (März 2011): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71759-x.
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IntroductionAlthough the harmful effects of alcohol have long been observed, organized social measures for the prevention of excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages were taken relatively late.AimTo present an historical overview of development of social, cultural aspects of alcoholism prevention in northeast Bosnia.MethodologyThe authors provide a historical overview of societal and professional institutions that fight against alcoholism in the area of northeast Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) following the definition of the World Health Organization, that alcoholism is illness and alcoholic is a patient.ResultsTeetotaler societies in BH began with the establishment and work at the late 19th and early twentieth century. Through the period before World War II, between the two world wars, the national liberation struggle period from 1941 to 1945, and the post-war socialist enthusiasm to the last war from 1992 to 1995 there were different levels of organizing struggle against alcoholism with different impact on the development of mental health protection of alcoholics and their families. During the 1992–95 war, due to high trauma of veteran and civilian population, a number of posttraumatic effects appeared, which lead to people seeking release in self-medication by alcohol abuse, worsening the issues of alcoholism and its aftermaths.ConclusionAfter the tragic war 1992–95, many of the socio-political relations and the issue of functional organization of health is redefined, this resulted in search for new formulas of successful dealing with very serious drinking problem in the postwar situation in the region of Tuzla Canton (northeast Bosnia).
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Knyazeva, T. M., und I. A. Klassen. „Socio-psychological aspects of the problem of alcoholism“. Kazan medical journal 70, Nr. 5 (15.10.1989): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj101491.
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During the last decades a great number of clinical, psychological and socio-psychological publications have appeared which consider not only the personal features of patients with alcoholism, but also the influence of some or other environmental factors on alcoholism formation, its course and therapy. V. N. Tikhonov and D. Y. Donskoi, in their examination of 437 patients with alcoholism, revealed the influence of production factors on the development of alcoholism. I.D. Muratova and P.I. Sidorov identified as "threatened contingents" among adolescents those with asocial forms of behavior, those brought up in an incomplete family or in a family with alcoholics, with pedagogical or social neglect, asocial company, idleness of behavior, one-sidedness of hobbies etc. A number of studies have pointed to a certain role of conflict factors in the emergence of alcoholism in the family.
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Kalinin, Alexey, und Pavel Sidorov. „Clinical and social aspects of alcoholism among seamen“. European Psychiatry 11 (Januar 1996): 319s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)88990-5.
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Francis, Jini P., und Viju Painadath Devassy. „Setting the Children’s Teeth on Edge? The Influence of Parental Alcoholism on Children’s Wellbeing“. Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 14, Nr. 1 (01.01.2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.32.1.
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The research on the impact of alcoholism on the family indicates that alcoholism often poses threat to the wellbeing of the family, the most affected ones being the other spouse and the children. Alcoholism often poses serious risk to the emotional, cognitive, behavioural, physical and social wellbeing of the abuser, the partner and the children. Most of the researches have explored the impact of parental alcoholism on the negative outcome on psychosocial development of partners and children, very few documented studies have been carried out on the positive aspects of life such as wellbeing and futuristic hope in the children of alcoholic parents (COA). This study attempts to explore the relationship and the difference between QOL and Hope in COA and children of non-alcoholics (CONA). The study was conducted on a sample of 60 children each between the age of 12 to 15 from alcoholics and non-alcoholic parents drawn from a district of Kerala using purposive sampling technique. The measures used were QOL-BREF by WHO (1996) and Children Hope Scale (CHS) by Snyder et al. (1996). The data was first analyzed using the descriptive statistics, the normality of the data was checked using Shapiro Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test was used to find the difference between the COA and CONA on QOL and Hope. The relationship between the variables was assed using Spearman rank correlation. The results of the study indicate that there is significant difference in QOL among the children of alcoholics and non-alcoholics. The COA demonstrated comparatively less Hope than the CONA, however there was no significant difference among them. The QOL and Hope were correlated only among the CONA. The study has implication for positive intervention for the COA, parental and school based interventions such as preventive, remedial and holistic counselling or therapy.
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Simão, Maria Odete, Florence Kerr-Corrêa, Ivete Dalben und Sumaia Inaty Smaira. „Alcoholic women and men: a comparative study of social and familial aspects and outcome“. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 24, Nr. 3 (September 2002): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462002000300005.
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Objective: Alcoholic men-women ratio has ranged from 14:1 to 2:1, suggesting that female alcoholism should be further studied. The purpose of the current study was to compare alcohol dependence severity and treatment outcome between alcoholic men and women. Methods: In this longitudinal study, 114 male and 57 female alcoholics (ICD-10 criteria), who started treatment between 1990 and 1994 at the Botucatu Medical School Outpatient Clinic, were retrospectively and prospectively assessed up to July 1997. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the severity of alcohol dependence was assessed (Short Alcohol Dependence Data -- SADD). Results/Conclusions: The results showed poorly structured families, 55.6% of women and 65.7% of men reported relationship problems and 74.1% of women and 61.1% of men reported domestic violence. When compared to men, women started abusing alcohol later in life (p=0.01) and, usually, with their husbands (p=0.00). The course of treatment did not differ between genders. Regardless of gender, the main factors associated with a better response to treatment were: degree of alcohol dependence severity (mildly and moderately dependent users had 5.59-fold better chances of improvement than those severely dependent), religious practice (2.3-fold better chances of improving) and follow-up length, which was negatively associated with chance of improvement (0.68-fold less chance of improvement than those who remained under shorter treatment).
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Nace, Edgar P. „Alcoholism: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and biological aspects“. Alcohol 3, Nr. 2 (März 1986): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-8329(86)90014-5.
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Lesch, O. M., H. Walter, R. Mader, M. Musalek und K. Zeiler. „Chronic alcoholism in relation to attempted or effected suicide. A long-term study“. Psychiatry and Psychobiology 3, Nr. 3 (1988): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00001747.
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SummaryRushing (1968) offers two hypotheses for the possible structural connection between suicidal and chronic alcoholic case groups : the “processual cause theory” is based on the idea that alcoholism leads through its problematic nature to suicide attempts. In the “common cause theory” alcoholism and suicidai acts are due to mutually shared factors, e.g., social isolation and enforced social integration.Data on suicide and suicide attempts were obtained as a separate aspect of a comprehensive follow-up investigation. All patients from one particular region in Austria, who had been admitted to hospital between 1976 and 1978 for treatment of chronic alcoholism took part in this study. Follow-up time was 4 to 7 years. 101 patients died during this period. 356 patients remained under close follow-up investigation. In addition to information about basic drinking habits, we attempted to identify predictive factors regarding the course of alcoholism and investigated familial circumstances, development and interactions.In contradiction with both theories forwarded by Rushing, we were able to isolate a special subgroup of chronic alcoholics attempting or committing suicide. This group is characterized by a depressive symptomatology (endogeneous-depressive syndrome, according to the Viennese Diagnostic Criteria), as well as by the presence of other psychiatrie disturbances underlying chronic alcohol abuse. Family histories also uncovered evidence of psychiatric illnesses. Cases of negative alteration in social status and problematical partnerships could be found in this subgroup. Drinking habits themselves did not differ from non suicide-prone alcoholics.
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Milošević Šošo, B. Č. „Sociological aspects of alcoholism as a social deviation in Bosnia and Herzegovina“. RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, Nr. 1 (15.12.2020): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-1-115-123.
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There has always been an interest in social-pathological problems in the society. Documents confirming our wish to find out the causes of ‘other’ types of behavior as opposed to the ‘usual’/accepted types date back to the Ancient and Middle Ages. The social significance of the study of social-pathological phenomena is evident for they allow to reveal dysfunctionalities in certain structural elements or failed socialization, which are most probably determined by destabilization of the social system and value priorities. Alcoholism as a form of deviant behavior is usually considered the most common and influential factor of destroying the physical and psychological health and of negative changes in human behavior. The article describes the level of alcoholism and the ways of perceiving it in Bosnia and Herzegovina based on the empirical data collected within the broader scientific study of the social changes in one part of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Republic of Srpska. The survey was conducted on the representative sample of 220 respondents (reflecting the social-demographic and social-economic characteristics of the general population) in 7 municipalities of the Republic of Srpska. The questionnaire consisted of both closed and partly open questions to reveal the opinions of the respondents on specific deviant forms of behavior and to find out whether the respondents are engaged in some of these deviant forms depending on their attitudes and knowledge about them.
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Sarybaeva, I., und Z. Bolat. „МАСКҮНЕМДІКТІҢ ӘЛЕУМЕТТІК ПАТОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ АСПЕКТІЛЕРІ МІНЕЗ-ҚҰЛЫҚ ФОРМАСЫ РЕТІНДЕ“. Journal of Psychology and Sociology 64, Nr. 1 (2018): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/jpss-2018-1-622.
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Simonič, Barbara, und Robert Cvetek. „Alcoholism as a way of dealing with emotions and transformation in relational family therapy“. Family Forum 12 (12.01.2023): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/ff/4875.
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Alcoholism, which is a major public health and social problem, can be viewed from several perspectives, as its occurrence is a multifaceted phenomenon in terms of its development (causes), effects, and maintenance. The Relational Family Therapy paradigm looks at alcoholism and its dynamics in relation to dysfunctional affect regulation. Dysfunctional affect regulation and the general inability to manage emotions are often mentioned in relation to the development and maintenance of alcohol addiction. The mechanism of affect regulation generally refers to internal processes that allow an individual to maintain their emotions to a degree that feels still bearable for them. According to these assumptions, alcoholics drink in order to cope with difficult emotions, either because they have more negative emotional states than others do, or because they lack the internal resources to cope with these negative emotions. For them, consuming alcohol is a series of repeated attempts to regulate heavy emotions, which often stem from painful past experiences. The process of Relational Family Therapy, therefore, as treatment of addiction, focuses on identifying and transforming the dysfunctional regulation of affect, which is behind addictive behavior. By means of action research methodology, this paper presents the approach of Relational Family Therapy in working with an alcoholic client, with an emphasis on the aspects of affect regulation. We show how the client’s alcohol use appeared as a dynamic of inappropriate regulation of a painful core affect. In the process of Relational Family Therapy, a more functional regulation of the core affect was established, thereby reducing symptomatic behavior (alcoholism) in the client.
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R.A.N., Rani,, und Hemavathy, V. „Coping Strategies To Promote Self Esteem In Alcoholism“. CARDIOMETRY, Nr. 24 (30.11.2022): 960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.24.960964.
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The intake of alcoholic beverages is a huge social issue. Worldwide, an estimated 2.3 billion individuals consume alcohol, with an average daily consumption of 33 grammes of pure alcohol. Self-esteem is a measure of one’s self-awareness and sense of personal worth. The process of behaving and then thinking about acts, as well as how others interpret actions, shapes one’s self-perception. Self-esteem refers to how we feel about ourselves and how much we regard ourselves. Alcoholism has far-reaching consequences and might result in mental health issues. One of the most typical effects found in alcoholics is the development of poor self-esteem. This term refers to a person’s total subjective sentiments of personal worth and value. It has a wide range of effects. It has an impact on a variety aspect of life, including substance abuse and recovery. The majority of alcoholics have a low sense of self-esteem. They have struggled to cope with their lives and frequently have significant emotional, family, social, and occupational issues, as well as financial, legal, and sexual issues. Coping is frequently studied in terms of its potential to reduce negative consequences. Coping skills can also help you achieve more favourable results.
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IANOS MATYAS TAMAS, Mihok Geczi. „Aspects of Social Support in the Case of Abstinent Alcoholic“. Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Social Sciences IV, Nr. 2 (18.12.2015): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenss.2015.0402.07.
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Bereźnicka, Małgorzata. „Alcoholism as a Threat to Social Security and the Issue Among Academic Youth“. Internal Security 13, Nr. 1 (27.09.2021): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2911.
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The article briefly analyses the problem of alcoholism as a threat to social security, taking into account its prevalence, as well as its impact on physical and mental health and social relations. Firstly, it identifies the harmful effects not only on addicts but also on their families and society as a whole. Secondly, the results of the author’s research on young people’s attitudes towards alcohol and alcoholism have been presented. Finally, conclusions and suggestions have been developed. The study showed that many respondents knew alcoholics, and in some cases, these were close relatives. As far as their own experiences are concerned, they prove to be very diverse. The misuse of alcohol does not seem to be very common among university students, however, the problem exists and calls for some resolutions, e.g.. in aspects such as very young age of their alcohol initiation, problem drinking, binge drinking, or risky behaviours of youth under the influence of alcohol. In addition to many initiatives undertaken as part of preventing and counteracting alcohol-related problems (such as necessary cooperation of some government and local institutions), emphasis should be put on education in this area. This must include home education, starting as early as possible, and complementary school education. Especially the former seems to be the cheapest and the most effective way to deal with the discussed issue. Also, parents should find support at their children’s schools in that area. Furthermore, activities carried out in order to raise social awareness are needed, e.g. through media which have a significant influence on young people.
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Golovin, N. A., V. M. Sereda, E. I. Krasnoshiekova, A. D. Kharazova und N. I. Pautova. „THE MEDICAL SOCIAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALCOHOL DEVIATION OF WOMEN AND PSYCHIC BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN“. Sociology of Medicine 16, Nr. 1 (15.06.2017): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2810-2017-16-1-23-27.
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The social crisis of the end of XX century in Russia negatively impacted psycho-emotional condition of society and provoked increasing of drug addiction and alcoholism among population. The article applies inter-disciplinary position analyzing relationship between severe social psychological atmosphere of those years and mental, behavioral disorders in generation of children caused by alcohol abuse in generation of parents, especially mothers. The dynamics is presented concerning social mood of society, level of female alcoholism, nervous diseases morbidity of children. The mental and neurological disorders are discussed in the aspect of patterns of brain development during prenatal period. The biological sociological evaluation is given concerning impact of crisis of 1990s as a macro-social factor of mental and behavioral health of age group of persons born in 1990-2000s. The burden of crisis and negative emotional atmosphere in society, especially in the middle of 1990s, increasing of alcohol consumption and also dynamics of alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis morbidity of women during the same years, dynamics of nervous diseases morbidity of children aged 0-1 year in the Russian Federation with its surges, especially in 1994-1995, 1998 and 2009, permit to consider focused effect of social crisis on physical and mental health of newborns. During relative stabilization of 2010s, there is no such a concentration of negative factors. Also, certain positive circumstances are manifesting: learning of legal standards according which person is primarily responsible for one's own health, measures of struggle with alcoholism, development of perinatal medicine, etc.
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Juhásová, Andrea, und Petra Balážiová. „Supportive education for children with alcohol-dependent parents“. Zbornik radova Pedagoskog fakulteta Uzice, Nr. 23 (2021): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfu2123027j.
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This contribution deals with the influence of addiction in parents on social aspects of their children's lives. Children having a parent with an addiction are at risk of experiencing direct effects, such as parental abuse or neglect, or indirect effects, such as fewer household resources. Previous research indicates that the negative effects of addicted parents may differ depending on the type of addiction the parent has (i.e., alcohol or illicit drug). Alcoholism has many victims but perhaps the most defenseless of them are the children of alcoholics. Instead of their parents being sources of wisdom and nurturing, such children have to survive with adults who are violent, unpredictable, and given to their own impulses and desires. Children of alcoholics face risks of mental health trauma and substance abuse in their own adult years, but whether they make the choices of their parents is a complex issue. Our paper describes the scenario of addiction in the family, its impact on the family and codependence syndrome. The author's priority was to identify the consequences of parent's alcoholism on children's socialization and to describe the influence of alcohol dependence on the children's adult lives. In the conclusion of this article the author offers options of solving this issue caused by codependence.
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Korporowicz, Violetta. „Alkoholizm, prostytucja, zakażenia HIV i AIDS, narkomania jako formy wykluczenia społecznego (w świetle badań)“. Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, Nr. 3 (23.11.2012): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2012.3.5.
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The growth of social exclusion may be affected many aspects of social life such as alcoholism, prostitution and drug addiction. Particularly worrying is the growth of alcoholism among young people in Poland. A 2009 study conducted in Poland by WHO states that 11–15-year-old students in Poland are attempting to drink alcohol. Prostitution is another social phenomenon affecting the development of social exclusion. The most common cause of prostitution in Poland is difficult financial situation and inability to obtain work. Another negative phenomenon, which may affect the growth of social exclusion is drug addiction. The reasons for importance of drug abuse among social problems are not only quantitative parameters, but also the dynamics of the phenomena and changes in the structure of the population affected by the problem. Synthetic studies of the spread of drug addiction emphasize that the increasing rate of the phenomenon goes beyond its reach and environmental groups traditionally associated with drug addiction. This is the reason why it is so hard to help the drug addicts.
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Keller, M. „Understanding and Treating Alcoholism, Vol. 2: Biological, Psychological and Social Aspects of Alcohol Consumption and Abuse“. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 54, Nr. 4 (Juli 1993): 507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1993.54.507.
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Krivokapic, Z., und R. Sapic. „Characteristics of Sexual Functioning of Alcoholics“. European Psychiatry 24, S1 (Januar 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70688-1.
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Consequences of the alcohol illness are evident on psychic, physical and social plan. Sexual behaviour is also changed. Our research aimed at complex recognition of sexual functioning, usual behaviour in all revealing spheres, normal aspects: dreams, imagining, masturbation, foreplay, coitus and sexual attitudes. 200 persons were sample in this research: 100 alcohol addicts and 100 persons of the control group. Following results were obtained:•dreams of sexual contents are rare both with addicts and other population, but significantly larger percent of alcoholics has “wet or orgasmic” dreams,•day-dreaming is less noticed with alcoholics, meaning that the need for raising sexual vigilance is reduced,•alcoholics masturbate more, they start to masturbate in later stage,•addicts rarely have foreplay and its duration is shorter, as a consequence of disturbed intimacy and impossibility of total harmony and exchange with a partner,•alcoholics have less sexual intercourses and feel different during them•there are no great differences in opinions about sex,•structural personal characteristics also have effect on sexual behaviour and alcoholism. Alcoholics have certain personal characteristics that clearly define them and which, because of their nature, influence addiction development and sexual behaviour.We can conclude from the research that a tendency in behaviour is evidenced, and for which can be said that it is "pattern of sexual functioning of alcoholics". Except difficulties in genital response, "pattern" refers to emotional component, meaning closeness or a level of intimacy with partner, as well as modification of "normal” sexual aspects.
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Silveira, Luciano Alves Matias da, Bianca Gonçalves Silva Torquato, Mariana Silva Oliveira, Guilherme Ribeiro Juliano, Lívia Ferreira Oliveira, Camila Lourencini Cavellani, Luciana Santos Ramalho, Ana Paula Espindula, Vicente de Paula Antunes Teixeira und Mara Lúcia Fonseca Ferraz. „Implications of alcoholic cirrhosis in atherosclerosis of autopsied patients“. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 63, Nr. 4 (April 2017): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.63.04.336.
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Summary Introduction: Alcoholism is a major public health problem, which has a high social cost and affects many aspects of human activity. Liver disease is one of the first consequences of alcohol abuse, and steatosis, liver cirrhosis and hepatitis may occur. Other organs are also affected with pathological changes, such as pancreatitis, cardiomyopathies, dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis. Objective: To identify the occurrence and degree of atherosclerosis in alcohol-dependent individuals with liver cirrhosis, observing macroscopic and microscopic changes in lipid and collagen deposits and in the liver. We also aimed to verify the association of lipid and collagen fiber deposits with gender, age and body mass index, and to relate alcoholism, liver cirrhosis and atherosclerosis. Method: We performed a study based on autopsy reports of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, with analysis of aorta and liver fragments to verify the occurrence and degree of atherosclerosis, as well as collagen contents. Results: Microscopic atherosclerosis was higher in young subjects (early injury) and in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The macroscopic analysis of atherosclerosis in aortas showed that patients in more advanced age groups presented more severe classifications. Atherosclerosis, both micro and macroscopically, and the percentage of fibrosis in the liver and aorta were more expressive in females. Conclusion: Cirrhotic patients presented a higher percentage of fibrosis and lipidosis, and may represent a group susceptible to the accelerated progression of cardiovascular diseases. Investigative studies contribute to targeting health-promoting interventions, reducing the mortality and costs of treating cardiovascular disease.
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EISENMAN, RUSSELL. „Understanding and Treating Alcoholism, vol. 1: An Empirically Based Clinician's Handbook for the Treatment of Alcoholism; Understanding and Treating Alcoholism, vol. 2: Biological, Psychological, and Social Aspects of Alcohol Consumption and Abuse“. American Journal of Psychiatry 149, Nr. 7 (Juli 1992): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.7.968.
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Mupier, Robert, H. Elaine Rodney und Lorraine A. Samuels. „Difference in Parenting Style between African American Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Parents“. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 83, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2002): 604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.62.
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This study set out to investigate differences in parenting style to which children of alcoholics (COAs) were subjected as opposed to the children of nonalcoholics (non-COAs) in a sample of 1,000 African American adolescent males aged 13 to 17 living in a Midwestern city. Data were gathered using the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST) and the Children's Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (C-SAGA) specifically in its subsections which deal with parent's time spent with the child, discipline in the home, adults as role models, and family rules. Following the Baumrind categorization of parenting style as authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive, a composite index was constructed which discriminated the children between those who were subjected to a more authoritative (strict but warm discipline) parenting style and those who were not. Results showed that the COAs were associated with less favorable outcomes than the non-COAs in every aspect of the comparison. Implications for social service are suggested.
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Southwick, Lillian, und Claude M. Steele. „Restrained Drinking: Personality Correlates of a Control Style“. Journal of Drug Issues 17, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1987): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268701700403.
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A particular problematic style of social-drinking control, characterized by considerable effortful restraint alternating with overconsumption, provides a promising model for prevention efforts. The relationship between effortful consummatory restraint (including both eating and drinking restraint) and several personality-level measures of impulsiveness/self-control was examined. One hundred thirty-two college students completed Drinking Restraint and Eating Restraint scales along with the four-factor Impulsiveness Scale (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1977) and three MMPI scales which measure aspects of self-control (Ego Control, Overcontrolled Hostility, and MacAndrew Alcoholism scales). Consummatory restrainers scored high on three impulsiveness dimensions (narrow impulsiveness, non-planning and liveliness). Restrained drinkers, compared to restrained eaters, scored marginally higher on over-controlled hostility, propensity toward alcoholism, and two impulsiveness dimensions (risk-taking and liveliness). Implications of the restraint model for prevention efforts are discussed.
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Simonov, Sergey N., Nelli Yu Bolshakova, Valeriia S. Malchikova und Viktoria A. Uryaseva. „Medical and social aspects for reproductive behavior of female students“. Medicine and Physical Education: Science and Practice, Nr. 12 (2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2658-7688-2021-3-4(12)-30-40.
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Factors with a significant impact on reproductive behavior include the promotion of sexual violence, widespread bad habits (smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction), fear of not finding or losing a job and financial dependence on parents. The need for active influence on the formation of a healthy lifestyle of young people is due to the significant spread of risky behavior among this category of the population. The purpose of the study: with the survey results to study the peculiarities of reproductive behavior of female students of educational institutions of a typical agro-industrial region of the Central Federal District – the Tambov Region. Materials and methods. The object of our research was female students studying in secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. We conducted an anonymous survey of girls (n = 1569) aged 14–20 years. The questionnaires of the respondents were analyzed in 4 age groups: 14 year olds (n = 117; 7.4 %), 15–16 year olds (n = 704; 44.9 %), 17–18 year olds (n = 530; 33.7 %) and 19–20 year olds (n = 218; 13.9 %). Results. Only 51.1 % of teenage girls aged 14 years believe that sexual activity should begin after marriage, while 48.9 % – before marriage at the age of 17–18 years. The responses of 15 and 16 year olds (52.2 and 47.8 %, respectively) and 18 and 19 year olds (57.95 and 42.05 %, respectively) were distributed in almost the same way. Among girls who have sexual life: only 33.1 % of 15–16-year-old respondents believe that it is worth starting a sexual life after marriage, and among 17–18 year olds only 22.2 % think so. The main reasons for the onset of sexual activity: falling in love – 92.1 % of 15–16 year olds, 82.2 % – 17–18 year olds, 83.3 % – 19–20 year olds; curiosity – 12.7 % of 15–16 year olds, 15.8 % – 17–18 year olds, 10.2 % – 19–20 year olds; experience acquisition – 6.4 % of 15–16 year olds, 5.9 % – 17–18 year olds, 2.8 % – 19–20 year olds; strong sexual attraction – 20.6 % of 15–16 year olds, 24.3 % – 17–18 year olds, 23.2 % – 19–20 year olds. Under the influence of alcohol, 7.9 % of girls aged 15–16 years started sexual life, 18.4 % – at the age of 17–20 years. Conclusion. The application of an integrated approach using a questionnaire of adolescent girls makes it possible to identify risk factors for reproductive health disorders, to investigate the mechanisms of formation of adolescents’ knowledge on healthy lifestyle issues, the dangers of early sexual intercourse, the use of means to prevent sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy.
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Shaw, G. K., Seta Waller, Sine McDougall, Jennie Macgarvie und Graham Dunn. „Alcoholism: a Follow-up Study of Participants in an Alcohol Treatment Programme“. British Journal of Psychiatry 157, Nr. 2 (August 1990): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.2.190.
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One hundred and twelve alcoholic patients treated by an intensive one-month residential programme were followed up for one year. As a group, they were socially disadvantaged and highly dependent on alcohol. Outcome of treatment was assessed at six months and one year following discharge by multiple measures which included assessments of drinking behaviour, measurements of social stability, neuroticism and self-esteem, and self-ratings of satisfaction with important aspects of day-to-day living. During the first six months following treatment, 37% were abstinent or drinking in controlled fashion; during the second six months, 53% achieved this status. Improvement in drinking status was positively related to improvements in all other outcome variables.
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Filippova, Natal’a Valer’evna, Shakhla Tofig kyzy Azimova und Rashad Ragif ogly Aliev. „The problem of alcohol consumption and the prerequisites of alcoholism development in medical students“. Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery), Nr. 6 (16.06.2022): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2206-03.
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In many parts of the world, alcohol use, especially among young people, is a growing concern. Excessive alcohol consumption has a negative impact on various social aspects of life, social well-being and economic development in general, leading to the development of a range of mental and physical diseases, as well as causing injuries from road traffic accidents, suicide attempts and acts of violence. The results of an anonymous survey among students of the Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky of the Ministry of Health of Russia showed that despite sufficient awareness of the dangers of alcohol, young people continue to drink alcoholic beverages. This fact confirms the need for state regulation of alcohol consumption at the national and global levels. The harmful effects of alcohol consumption among young people can be reduced through the use of proven technologies and strategies for the prevention of alcohol dependence on the part of the state and society.
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Matamonasa-Bennett, Arieahn. „“The Poison That Ruined the Nation”: Native American Men—Alcohol, Identity, and Traditional Healing“. American Journal of Men's Health 11, Nr. 4 (26.03.2015): 1142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315576937.
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Alcoholism and destructive drinking patterns are serious social problems in many Native American reservation and urban communities. This qualitative study of men from a single Great Lakes reservation community examined the social, cultural, and psychological aspects of their alcohol problems through their life stories. The men were in various stages of recovery and sobriety, and data collection consisted of open-ended interviews and analysis utilizing principles and techniques from grounded theory and ethnographic content analysis. Alcoholism and other serious social problems facing Native American communities need to be understood in the sociocultural and historical contexts of colonization and historical grief and trauma. This study suggests that for Native American men, there are culturally specific perspectives on alcohol that have important implications for prevention and treatment of alcohol abuse. The participants’ narratives provided insight into the ways reconnecting with traditional cultural values (retraditionalization) helped them achieve sobriety. For these men, alcohol was highly symbolic of colonization as well as a protest to it. Alcohol was a means for affirming “Indian” identity and sobriety a means for reaffirming traditional tribal identity. Their narratives suggested the ways in which elements of traditional cultural values and practices facilitate healing in syncretic models and Nativized treatment. Understanding the ways in which specific Native cultural groups perceive their problems with drinking and sobriety can create more culturally congruent, culturally sensitive, and effective treatment approaches and inform future research.
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Греченко, В. А., und О. М. Гончарук. „Crime in Kharkiv and Its Counteraction in 1880“. Law and Safety 80, Nr. 1 (19.03.2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2021.1.12.
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There was a significant crime growth in the Russian Empire In 1880s in general and in particular on Ukrainian territory that was part of the Empire at that time. It was influenced by a set of reasons of political, social, organizational, economic and psychological nature, including the disintegration of the peasant community, the proletarianization of the peasants and their influx into the cities. The authors of this topic have considered two aspects of the problem: the history of crime prevention in the late XIX century, whose experience always remains relevant, and the history of Kharkiv of the same period, which is also interesting from a scientific point of view. The topic is insufficiently researched; the authors did not find publications where it would be specially researched. The researchers set out to reveal the main aspects of crime in Kharkiv in 1880s and some measures to combat it. This purpose is specified in the following tasks: to identify the main general factors in the crime growth in the country during this period; to consider some aspects of crime in Kharkiv that have not been studied so far: a) abuse at customs; b) the fight against alcoholism; c) combating prostitution. The authors for the first time in the historical and legal literature have studied the main aspects of crime in Kharkiv in 1880s, have highlighted the prehistory and the course of the resonant Kharkiv trial of 1885 on abuses at customs. The main directions of the fight against alcoholism have been revealed. The state of counteraction to prostitution in the city has been studied. The issue of the main reasons for the rapid growth of crime during that period has been supplemented. The authors have used the historical principle of research while writing of the article; processes, events and facts were studied in chronological order taking into account the socio-political situation of that time. The principle of objectivity, which the authors tried to adhere to, meant relying on the facts in their true meaning. Each historical and social phenomenon has been considered in its diversity and contradiction, in the aggregate of both positive and negative manifestations. The Kharkiv trial of 1885 demonstrated the shortcomings of the Judicial Reform of 1864, the activities of lawyers and the jury. Counteracting alcoholism and prostitution in the city was formal and ineffective. The operation of whorehouses was regulated by the state, which understood its task only in combating the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and combating mischief in the locations of whorehouses. The materials of the article can be used while teaching the disciplines “History of State and Law of Ukraine”, “History and Culture of Ukraine”, special course “History of Law Enforcement Agencies of Ukraine”, for writing monographs on the history of law enforcement agencies, the history of Kharkiv.
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Wiseman, Jacqueline P. „Alcohol, Eroticism and Sexual Performance: A Social Interactionist Perspective“. Journal of Drug Issues 15, Nr. 2 (April 1985): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268501500209.
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Impotence and reduction in libido among chronic alcoholic men has been seen to be primarily caused by physiological changes resulting from constant and heavy drinking. Studies of this phenomenon have focused on males, amount of intake, and the correlation of alcohol ingestion with effects on bodily functions, to the exclusion of three social factors that may be a significant part of the sex act: First, the attitudes and behavior of the sex partner of the drinking male as they affect interaction between the two; second, sexual arousal has been studied as an “encapsulated” act, rather than a part of the process of negotiation between partners which may culminate in intercourse; and third, the focus of research on impotence is restricted to the realm of sexual activity, ignoring other aspects of the relationship an alcoholic may have with his sex partner. Additionally, the sex problems of men in marriages (or with sex partners) where alcohol is not a problem is seldom compared with alcoholic men to see if they differ substantially in this area. In a study designed to explore the impact of these social factors on impotence, 76 wives of alcoholics, 28 alcoholic husbands and a control sample of 63 wives and 46 husbands in marriages where alcohol is not a problem were interviewed in depth about their sexual relationship and about other areas of their marriage which surfaced as the most troublesome for wives of alcoholics—companionship, meals, and recreation. Findings suggest that a good portion of the erotic reduction and performance problems that alcoholic men experience are much more complex than physiological decline alone. A complex amalgam of rejection by their partners, which is influenced by the dynamics of their relationship in other areas of the marriage, as well as their different perspectives on what sort of behavior is a suitable prelude to intercourse can be seen to affect sexual interest and/or performance.
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Taylor, Mary E., und Suzanne St. Pierre. „Women and Alcohol Research: A Review of Current Literature“. Journal of Drug Issues 16, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1986): 621–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268601600409.
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The changes in women's drinking patterns over the past few decades have attracted the attention of researchers and funding agencies. The result has been a multitude of research projects exploring different aspects of women's alcohol consumption, alcohol misuse, and alcohol abuse. This review includes selected current studies on women's drinking patterns, alcohol surveys, alcoholism, polydrug use, alcohol and pregnancy, treatment programs, and women in the workplace. A discussion of related research concerns is followed by recommendations for improving the data base on women and alcohol consumption.
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Mrsevic, Zorica. „Femicide in media“. Temida 17, Nr. 1 (2014): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1401081m.
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Media in Serbia explain femicide usually as caused by poverty and alcoholism. This style is gender blind and socially stereotyped because of neglected gender aspects of male violence against women. Particular problem is lack of problematizing obvious social ?permission? of male violence. Femicide is regularly presented as an incident, allegedly impossible for anticipation rather than tragic epilogue of long lasting male violence against women which as such exists as a part of traditional gender social relations and roles. Media overlook that alcohol and poverty may only contribute to intensification of already existing, widely accepted domination of men and subordination of women. Media reports as a rule didn?t enter deeper into problems of institutional and social context in which is perpetrated long lasting violence as prefacing femicide. Media also never criticize the social behavior of neighbors, relatives and all others informed on the domestic violence, but rather avoid ?mixing?into privacy matters. Thus violence escalates without barriers, eventually developed in femicide, murder a woman, victim of this, decades long lasting violence.
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Martins, Beatriz Ferreira, Bárbara Reccanello Beraldo, Laís Fernanda Ferreira Da Silva, Bruna Diana Alves und Magda Lúcia Félix De Oliveira. „Olhar de Trabalhadores da Construção Civil Sobre as Drogas na Vida de Sua Família“. Journal of Health Sciences 20, Nr. 1 (30.05.2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2018v20n1p68-72.
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Estudos abrangendo a voz dos usuários crônicos de drogas de abuso ainda são pouco explorados, principalmente, no que se refere às repercussões no âmbito familiar. Estudo qualitativo que objetivou analisar a percepção de trabalhadores da construção civil, usuários de drogas, sobre as repercussões na vida de sua família. Realizado no município de Maringá-Paraná, com entrevistas de seis trabalhadores da construção civil internados com diagnóstico médico de intoxicação por drogas de abuso, e notificados a um centro de assistência toxicológica, no período de julho a dezembro de 2015. Os instrumentos foram a Escala Risco Social Familiar e um roteiro para entrevista semiestruturada, cujos dados foram analisados por análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Emergiram duas categorias: Vivendo o autoestigma do alcoolismo e O efeito do alcoolismo nas relações familiares. Os trabalhadores eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 44 anos, sendo metade casados, apresentando baixas escolaridade e renda individual, e ocupação principal de pedreiros e serventes. A bebida alcoólica e o trauma físico configuraram espaços de risco e adoecimento. O risco social de três famílias foi classificado em menor e médio. Os dados reiteram aspectos sociais do trabalho na Construção Civil, e os trabalhadores reconheceram que ocasionam sobrecarga emocional aos familiares, como preocupação e sofrimento, e alteram as rotinas e relações sociais da família. Espera-se estimular outros estudos que expõem a percepção dos trabalhadores frente ao seu uso abusivo de drogas, com vistas aos programas de prevenção no âmbito familiar.Palavras-chave: Enfermagem. Usuários de Drogas. Drogas Ilícitas. Saúde do Trabalhador. Abstract Studies comprising the long term drug users’ speech are still poorly explored, particularly regarding the repercussions within the family. This is a qualitative study that aimed to analyze the construction workers and drug users’ perception about the repercussions on their family life. Performed in the city of Maringá-Paraná, with interviews of six hospitalized construction workers with medical diagnosis of intoxication caused by drug abuse, and notified to a toxicological assistance center, from July to December 2015. The instruments were Family Social Risk Scale and a script for a semi-structured interview, whose data were analyzed by content analysis in the thematic modality. Two categories emerged: Living the alcoholism self-stigma and The alcoholism effect on family relationships. The workers were males, mean age 44 years, half of them were married, low schooling and low individual income, and main occupation as construction workers and assistants. Alcoholic beverages and physical trauma were representative of risk and illness. The social risk of three families was classified as minor and medium. The data emphasized the work social aspects in the Civil Construction, and the workers recognized that they cause emotional overload to the family, like worry and suffering, and change the routines and social relations of the family. It is hoped to stimulate other studies that expose workers’ perception of their abusive drug use, with a view to prevention programs within the family.Keywords: Nursing. Drug Users. Street Drugs. Occupational Health.
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BEKMAGAMBETOV, ALIMZHAN, ALIBEK TABULDENOV, DIANA BATYRBEKOVA und RUSLANBEK SULEIMENOV. „ON SOME ASPECTS OF SOCIO-CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN“. Gaps in Russian Legislation 14, Nr. 4 (28.07.2021): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2072-3164-2021-14-4-280-285.
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Purpose of the study. The article considers and analyzes the results of a socio-criminological study conducted on human trafficking in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors substantiate the thesis about the insufficiency of existing measures to combat human trafficking, which determines the need to find the most optimal, modern and timely legislative and law enforcement tools. The paper notes that the study obtained specific results related to the study of the features of the formation and optimization of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the system of crimes related to human trafficking at the international and national levels; ideas, initiatives, proposals, and key results were developed in terms of modeling the policy of countering crimes related to human trafficking and their implementation in scientific and methodological, practical activities of human rights, law enforcement, and international organizations. Results. Within the framework of the study, the authors conclude that the main reasons for the origin of cases of human trafficking in the Republic of Kazakhstan are poverty, limited economic opportunities for access to effective employment, education, a significant difference in the level of economic development between countries and regions within the country, the crisis of the family, family values, domestic violence, the growth of dysfunctional families, general gender inequality, alcoholism, social orphanhood, and peculiarities of mentality. Social status, low level of education, young age, and psychoemotional state are also factors that increase the chances of becoming a victim of human trafficking.
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Bok, Sissela. „Impaired Physicians: What Should Patients Know?“ Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 2, Nr. 3 (1993): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100004345.
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What should patients know about the degree to which their physicians may be impaired—unable, in the words of the American Medical Association (A.M.A.), “to practice medicine with reasonable skill and safety to patients by reason of physical or mental illness, including alcoholism and drug dependence”? What patients do in fact find out about such matters as alcohol or other drug abuse by, say, the surgeon or the anesthesiologist in charge of their care is another matter altogether; most patients learn about such impairment the hard way. But what should they know beforehand, if at all possible?
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Krushanova, L. A. „Historical and Legal Aspect of the Anti-Alcohol Regulation Development in the USSR: From Idea to Legislation“. Lex Russica 75, Nr. 8 (26.08.2022): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2022.189.8.108-118.
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The paper analyzes the evolution of anti-alcohol legislation as a way to combat drunkenness of the USSR population. The chronological framework of the study covers the period from 1917 to 1972. The purpose of the work is to consider the legal aspects of the evolution of anti-alcohol legislation in the context of the social realities of those years. The methodological basis of the work consists of two methods: problem chronological and historical legal. The completeness of the historical background of making certain decisions is impossible without recourse to the historical and legal method, which clarified Soviet everyday life and explained the reasons and conditions that prevented the achievement of maximum results in the fight against alcoholism and the spread of moonshine.The novelty of the work is determined by the author’s vision of the problems of anti-alcohol regulation and the results of the state’s struggle with the growth of alcoholism of the population. An attempt has been made to find an answer to the following questions: why did the measures taken give a minimal or short-term effect; at what stages of the fight against drunkenness did elements of anti-alcohol legislation appear that remain relevant now? The author comes to the following conclusions: Anti-alcohol legal regulation in the USSR has come a long way: from an idea to legislation that can comprehensively solve the problem of reducing alcoholization of the population. The following vectors of the formation of legislation can be noted: the establishment of a state monopoly on the production and sale of alcohol; the fight against moonshine; the fight against drunkenness as a social phenomenon through public censure; the understanding of drunkenness as a problem requiring a comprehensive solution: medical and social, aimed at re-education through public censure or punishment (fine, placement by court decision in a compulsory rehabilitation centre, strengthening of criminal liability of persons who have committed a crime being intoxicated, bringing to criminal liability for involving minors in excessive drinking).
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Tihaya, Lyudmila. „On certain aspects of the protection of the rights of children“. Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2020, Nr. 1 (08.04.2020): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2020-1-66-70.
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The article analyses the issue of the rights of minors. Issues of interaction between internal affairs bodies, commissioners for the rights of the child and other actors are under consideration. A number of normative acts and programmes on the rights of minors are being analysed. The normative basis for the protection of the rights of the child in modern Russia is analysed, in particular, the conventions ratified by Russia in this sphere and federal legislation. Selected law enforcement issues in the area of children ‘s rights are also addressed. Recommendations are made to improve the realization of the rights of minors in the activities of internal affairs bodies in cooperation with local self-government bodies. It is noted that in Russia the legal status of a minor is characterized by instability, insufficient social and legal protection, lack of reliable guaranteeing state mechanisms. The plight of minors in modern Russia today is further exacerbated by the fact that domestic legislation has not yet adequately guaranteed them reliable legal protection against adult abuse: in the family, in educational institutions, in society. There are also insufficient legal measures to combat child prostitution, drug addiction and alcoholism. It was to be hoped that addressing the problem in the article would more effectively address those problems. The author hopes that a number of proposals made will be useful in improving the mechanism for the protection of the rights of minors in Russia.
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Philemon,, John R., und Dev Jani. „RESEARCH NOTE: Tour Guides’ Perception for Sustainable Tourism“. Tanzania Journal of Development Studies 19, Nr. 2 (22.12.2021): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279//gkfw6661.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate tour guides’ perception of tourism sustainability using triple bottom line dimensions of economic, environmental, and socio-cultural aspects as informed by Social Exchange Theory. A structured questionnaire was self-administered to tour guides around Mikumi National Park in Tanzania. Descriptive and mean comparison tests were performed with results indicating that tour guides perceive tourism to have positive economic and environmental impacts. However, surveyed tour guides thought that tourism in the area stimulated prevalence of bad behaviours like prostitution, alcoholism, and gambling. Furthermore, the results indicate that tour guides perceive tourism to increase imbalance and inequality in economic benefits. The results complement previous studies by capturing tour guides’ views as well as testing the Social Exchange Theory. Furthermore, the results offer insights to destination managers and policy makers on possible interventions in furthering holistic and sustainable destination management. Keywords: Tourism, Culture, Tour Guides, Tanzania, Perception, Impacts
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Allen, Garland E. „Eugenics and American social history, 1880–1950“. Genome 31, Nr. 2 (15.01.1989): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-156.
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Eugenics, the attempt to improve the human species socially through better breeding was a widespread and popular movement in the United States and Europe between 1910 and 1940; Eugenics was an attempt to use science (the newly discovered Mendelian laws of heredity) to solve social problems (crime, alcoholism, prostitution, rebelliousness), using trained experts. Eugenics gained much support from progressive reform thinkers, who sought to plan social development using expert knowledge in both the social and natural sciences. In eugenics, progressive reformers saw the opportunity to attack social problems efficiently by treating the cause (bad heredity) rather than the effect. Much of the impetus for social and economic reform came from class conflict in the period 1880–1930, resulting from industrialization, unemployment, working conditions, periodic depressions, and unionization. In response, the industrialist class adopted firmer measures of economic control (abandonment of laissez-faire principles), the principles of government regulation (interstate commerce, labor), and the cult of industrial efficiency. Eugenics was only one aspect of progressive reform, but as a scientific claim to explain the cause of social problems, it was a particularly powerful weapon in the arsenal of class conflict at the time.Key words: eugenics, social genetics.
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Preli, Rona, und Howard Protinsky. „ASPECTS OF FAMILY STRUCTURES IN ALCOHOLIC, RECOVERED, AND NONALCOHOLIC FAMILIES“. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 14, Nr. 3 (Juli 1988): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1988.tb00751.x.
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Donskaya (Kavelina), O. G. „CRIMES AGAINST FAMILY AND MINORS: A CONTEMPORARY’S VIEW“. Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7 (73), Nr. 2 (2022): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-2-103-111.
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The article presents the author’s analysis of the object of crimes against the family and minors, an attempt is made to determine their place within the framework of a unified classification system of criminal law. The social policy of the Russian Federation is focused on the protection of the family, motherhood and childhood, while in the public environment there are prerequisites for crimes against the family and minors. The socialization of the individual begins with the family, but this social institution is now undergoing significant difficulties. The instability of the modern institution of the family is directly related to the economic crisis, rising unemployment, drug addiction, alcoholism, extremism and other negative phenomena. The author presents controversial aspects of the correlation between crimes against the family and minors, contained in Chapter 20 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, with crimes in which the institution of the family, in general, and minors in particular, suffer damage. The content of the article substantiates the author’s position on the need for legislative revision of the list of crimes against family and minors. In addition, the author insists on certain adjustments in the title of this chapter.
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Brezovec, Erik. „Sociology of Alcohol Consumption – In Search of a Theory“. Revija za sociologiju 52, Nr. 2 (30.09.2022): 213–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5613/rzs.52.2.3.
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Alcohol consumption takes place in society and because of society. The “social” aspect of this phenomenon gives a meaning that manifests itself in the framework of interaction. This paper discusses basic problems of previous sociological approaches to alcohol consumption: (1) focus on a problem-oriented approach – drinking and alcoholism, (2) abstract empiricism of alcohol consumption, and (3) unclear theoretical background for a sociological approach to alcohol consumption. Focusing exclusively on alcoholism or excessive drinking neglects a number of social dimensions inherent in alcohol consumption. Therefore, when considering this phenomenon in sociological terms, clear theoretical-methodological starting points should be established in order to understand the social consumption of alcohol. The main objective of this paper was to provide a basic paradigmatic and epistemological framework for the development of a sociology of alcohol consumption. The paper starts from the assumption that two theoretical-methodological principles should be considered: methodological individualism and methodological situationism. Each of these approaches has certain advantages and disadvantages, but in further conceptualising the paradigmatic foundations of the sociology of alcohol consumption, the paper proposed a two-level approach, that is, a synthesis of methodological situationism and methodological individualism. However, this synthesis does not constitute a theory of the sociology of alcohol consumption, but a framework for a sociological approach to the phenomenon, as well as the possibility of overcoming the problems presented in the sociological analysis of this topic.
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Kaptalan, N. M. „DEPENDENT PERSONALITY BEHAVIOR AS A PROBLEM OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY“. PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK, Nr. 1(51) (15.06.2020): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2707-0409.2020.1(51).225413.
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In the conditions of modern social and social transformations, various manifestations of addictive behavior, such as alcoholism, drug addiction, gambling, eating disorders and others, have significantly increased.The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of development of the problem of dependent behavior of the individual and the selection of the main socio-personal determinants of this phenomenon. It is shown that the specifics of modern social life of the individual, psycho-emotional loads, incomplete and individual problems and other aspects of subjective space provoke states of internal tension and discomfort, significantly increase the constant psychological pressure felt by the subject, which is realized in violations eating behavior. The purpose of the article is to consider the main approaches to dependent personality behavior In today’s world, the problem of addictive behavior is one of the most difficult and difficult for society. It is extremely important for every state to have such a community, which would consist of people who are developed, intelligent, have goals and understand how to achieve them. Summarizing the scientific material on different types of addictive behavior, we can, firstly, divide them into socially acceptable and socially unacceptable types, and secondly, chemical and non-chemical, noting that food addiction occupies an intermediate place. Analyzing the existing scientific material, we can say that addictive behavior is not only a purely medical, but also a social and cultural problem of modern society.
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Khingeeva, Larisa. „Problems of the Buryat society of the late XIX – early XX centuries (based on archival materials of the Republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk Region)“. Человек и культура, Nr. 3 (März 2021): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2021.3.31063.
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In the late XIX – early XX centuries, the Buryat people were struggling to survive due to numerous social problems that had accumulated over time. The absence of basic sanitation, low cultural level and moral standards, widespread alcoholism led to mass infectious diseases and issues in reproductive health. The established menacing situation is described by the researchers, medical personnel, and representatives of the European academic science, who worked in the Baikal Region at that time. The goal of this article consists in giving an outlook on the situation from the perspective of Buryat society. The research employs the analysis of previously unpublished materials stored in the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia and State Archive of the Irkutsk Region. This article is first to publish the notes of the little-known Buryat researcher Mangutkhan Malasagaev. He lived his entire life in the Baikal Region, was engaged in the traditional peasant activities, and thus can be considered a true representative of the Buryat people. His elementary education and lively analytical mind allowed him keeping records of his own observations, and thus leaving a range of manuscripts that describe and analyze various aspects of life of the Buryat people. The article presents his observations on social problems of the Buryat society.
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Mihailă-Lică, Gabriela. „Education of Children in the Tenant of Wildfell Hall by Anne Bronte“. International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 26, Nr. 2 (01.06.2020): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2020-0097.
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AbstractThe paper analyses the manner in which the education of children was done in the beginning of the 19th century and how this is revealed in the pages of “The Tenant of Wildfell Hall”, the second and also the final novel written by the English writer Anne Bronte, the youngest of the famous Bronte sisters. Despite enjoying enormous success after its publication in 1848, after its author’s death, Charlotte Bronte - Ann’s eldest sister - refused to republish it. She considered it to be too shocking as it dealt with themes like alcoholism, the ability of women to have paying jobs that enabled them to support not only themselves, but also their families, themes that were considered taboo or the “inhibited, polite, orderly, tender-minded, prudish and hypocritical” Victorian society [1]. We focus on the observations as well as on the subtle mentionings and allusions made in the novel with regard to some of the most important aspects of the Victorian Era education: the schooling of children, the differences between the education of boys and that of girls, the educational differences between the social classes.
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Romeo, Javier, Julia Wärnberg und Ascensión Marcos. „Drinking pattern and socio-cultural aspects on immune response: an overview“. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 69, Nr. 3 (02.07.2010): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665110001904.
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Social acceptance of drinking involves social and cultural roles and has important implications for public health. Since extensive evidence indicates that alcohol possesses immunomodulatory properties, scientists have recently debated the influence of alcohol consumption on the immune response, particularly in countries where drinking in a social setting is a part of cultural identity. Experimental and clinical data support the conclusion that alcohol is a potent immunomodulator. While high alcohol consumption suppresses a wide range of immune responses, leading to an increased incidence of a number of infectious diseases, moderate alcohol consumption may have a beneficial impact on the immune system, compared to alcohol abuse or abstinence, most likely due to the multiple components of polyphenol-rich alcoholic contributing to the protective effect seen for moderate alcohol consumption on CVD and the immune system. Despite this, the scientific literature appears to be concerned about the diseases associated with excessive drinking in some societies and cultures. Thus, the present review recognizes the importance to consider social and cultural aspects of drinking when examining the whole dimension of alcohol consumption (amount, beverage type, frequency and variability), in order to estimate global risk of consequences on host defence to better understand alcohol-related harm or benefit.
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Bodin, Maria. „Gender Aspects of Affiliation with Alcoholics Anonymous after Treatment“. Contemporary Drug Problems 33, Nr. 1 (März 2006): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090603300106.
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Studies incorporating gender aspects of post-treatment affiliation with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) have often focused on meeting attendance, disregarding behavioral indicators of affiliation. This article describes meeting attendance and affiliative behaviors in a Swedish treatment sample of 112 men and 40 women, and also identifies predictors of high affiliation. While no gender differences were found for meeting attendance, more women than men reported that they had called an AA member for help, had experienced a spiritual awakening, and read AA literature after treatment. Bivariate analyses identified a treatment goal of abstinence as predictive of high affiliation for both sexes, and in a multivariate context, female gender, a treatment goal of abstinence and pre-treatment AA exposure increased the likelihood of high affiliation (R2 = .31). Findings suggest that the affiliation process differs by gender, but reflect study methodology and Swedish AA culture, so that these issues need further exploration.
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De Souza, João Victor Amaro, Yasmin Catelan Mainardes und Sandra Cristina catelan Mainardes. „Habenular nuclei linked with compulsion in alcoholism and obesity / Núcleos habenulares estão relacionados com compulsão no alcoolismo e obesidade“. Brazilian Journal of Development 8, Nr. 5 (13.05.2022): 37270–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n5-298.
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Alcoholism, also known as "alcohol dependence syndrome", is a disease that develops after repeated use of alcohol, typically associated with binge eating. Obesity is the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Compulsive eating is not caused by hunger or pleasure, but as a defense mechanism that prevents feelings of loneliness, failure and abandonment. The aim of the present research, of bibliographic nature, will be to discuss the relation of the habenula with the mechanism of compulsion for the consumption of alcohol and food. As a methodology, searches will be carried out in databases, in the last 10 years, in Pubmed. The descriptors "habenula", "obesity", "alcoholism" and "compulsion" will be used in articles written in English, French and Spanish. Seeking to relate the neural pathways of the habenula, with disorders triggered by excessive alcohol consumption and eating disorders, concerning the anatomical and functional aspects and the pathways of dependence. To this end, the authors propose to understand this relationship from a neurological perspective, with an emphasis on mental health, encompassing a neurobiological and social view. It is expected, with this research, to collaborate with the development of a new alternative regarding the treatment of these diseases, considering the habenula as a reference. It is hoped, with this research, to collaborate with the development of a new alternative regarding the treatment of the complication, considering the habenula as a reference, in order to promote an improvement in the quality of life and health promotion of these patients. It is hoped, with this research, to collaborate with the development of a new alternative regarding the treatment of the complication, considering the habenula as a reference, in order to promote an improvement in the quality of life and health promotion of these patients.
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Bajwa, Sukhminder, Smriti Anand und Amarjit Singh. „Social-behavioral, clinical and anesthetic concern associated with diabetic foot amputation in a Tertiary Care Institute of North India“. Journal of Social Health and Diabetes 03, Nr. 02 (Dezember 2015): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-0656.152810.
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Background and Aim: India has become the world capital of diabetes and its associated complications. Patients with diabetic foot lesions presenting for amputation suffer from various socio-behavioral, psychological and economic constraints, which have an impact on the care providers of those affected as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate these socio-behavioral and anesthetic concerns in those undergoing amputation so as to draw an insight to this curb the menace of diabetes. Materials and Methods: The study included 171 patients in the age group 29-78 years of either sex who underwent either amputation or debridement, followed by amputation. The clinical status was observed and duly recorded in the performa meant for the study. The socio-behavioral aspects related to diabetic foot were recorded by interview method form patients and their relatives. Results: A higher occurrence of diabetic foot morbidities was found in males (152) than in females (19) with a mean age of 52.64 years at the time of presentation in our study. Socio-behavioral factors such as low literacy levels, treatment by quacks, inadequate foot care and habit of walking barefoot, lack of physician follow-up and association of concomitant risk factors such as smoking and alcoholism and co-morbidities were important triggers for diabetic foot morbidities and subsequent amputation. These also had psychological impacts on its sufferers. Neuropathy was the main culprit accounting for 88.89% cases, while neuropathy accounted for 11.11% cases. Conclusion: Diabetic foot patients undergoing amputation require multidisciplinary management and anesthesiologist as well intensivist can play a pivotal role in psycho-social and behavioral therapy of these patients.
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Roestamy, Martin, und Adi Rahmanur Ibnu. „The Romanticism of Alcoholic Beverage Regulation in Indonesia: Evidence of Legal Uncertainty?“ Sriwijaya Law Review 6, Nr. 2 (31.07.2022): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol6.iss2.1239.pp336-349.
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Legal provisions regarding alcoholic beverages are a complex issue in Indonesia. Therefore, this relates to several aspects, ranging from health or adverse and destructive impacts, halal and haram, to investment-related economic factors. However, to date, no law in Indonesia explicitly regulates alcoholic beverages. The formation of the existing Bill on Alcoholic Drinks must consider all aspects, whether social, cultural, economic, political, or religious. In addition, drafting the Alcoholic Drinks Bill must involve all elements of society comprehensively. This article aims to conduct a legal analysis of the legal policy of regulating alcoholic beverages in Indonesia. The analysis is carried out on the applicable positive law (ius constitutum) and legal policies to regulate alcoholic beverages in the future (ius constituendum). The Normative Legal Research Method is used to analyse the legal system of alcoholic beverages in Indonesia, which shows the uncertainty of management, control, and supervision. This impacts the conflict of interest between investment and the moral life of the Indonesian people. As a result, this study recommends that lawmakers reform the alcoholic beverage law in Indonesia by paying attention to Pancasila as the basis of the nation's philosophy. For this reason, integrated regulation and supervision of alcoholic beverages are needed, and law is urgently needed to unify the overlapping and diverse regulations regarding alcoholic beverages.
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Fedotov, Artem. „Human and scientific-technical potential: regional correlation analysis“. Population 23, Nr. 4 (19.12.2020): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.4.6.
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The development of scientific and technical potential in the regions of Russia is an important task, without which it is difficult to imagine the competitiveness of the domestic economy. On the other hand, innovative development is closely related to such a social category as the human potential of the population. The article presents the results of a correlation analysis between indicators of scientific and technical potential, reflecting the resource component and the results of innovative activity of regions, on the one hand, and indicators of human potential, in particular, its physical aspect, on the other. The results obtained confirmed the absolute positive correlation between the indicators of scientific and technical potential and positive factors of human potential (life expectancy, natural population growth, the spread of education, visits to museums and theaters), as well as a negative relationship with negative factors of human potential (the level of addiction). The factors of scientific and technical potential that are most sensitive to the values of human potential indicators are revealed: internal costs for research and development, internal costs for technological innovation, the number of advanced production technologies used. A more detailed correlation analysis was carried out with the study of time lags separately for each region between the indicators of scientific and technical potential and three indicators of the physical aspect of human potential: life expectancy, natural population growth, the spread of alcoholism and drug addiction. The results obtained indicate that life expectancy is the strongest positive indicator of human potential, positively affecting the scientific and technical potential, and the spread of alcoholism and drug addiction is the strongest negative factor negatively associated with indicators of scientific and technical potential.
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Haldane, John. „A SUBJECT OF DISTASTE; AN OBJECT OF JUDGMENT“. Social Philosophy and Policy 21, Nr. 1 (Januar 2004): 202–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052504211098.
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In recent years it has become increasingly common in the United States and in the United Kingdom for newspapers and other media to expose problematic aspects of the private lives of political (and other public) figures; or, since the facts may already be in the public domain, to draw wider attention to them and to make them the subject of commentary. These “problematic aspects” may include past or continuing physical or psychological illness, eating disorders, drug and alcohol abuse or dependence, financial difficulties, family conflict, infidelity, or certain sexual proclivities of both the political figures themselves and of their family members or intimates. In the United States, the most prominent cases are probably those of President Bill Clinton in relation to a series of alleged extramarital affairs leading up to the scandal involving White House intern Monica Lewinsky, and of President John F. Kennedy, also in relation to marital infidelities. The latter exposure was, of course retrospective, as were revelations of similar matters concerning other presidents and holders of high office. Up until the mid-1960s, while it was sometimes known to the press that politicians had “problems” in their private lives, it was rare for these to be made public. Sometimes it might be reported, or more likely hinted, that a figure had a “complex” or “difficult” personal life, and the public was left to infer whatever it might from this (generally concluding that infidelity, alcoholism, or both, were probably at issue). The recent culture of exposure results from a combination of factors, including changed attitudes toward public discussion of sexual conduct, changed standards of sexual behavior, recognition of the scale of Cold War espionage and of its practice of blackmail, a general decline in social deference, a threat to the print media posed by the growth of television, and the rise of satirical entertainment. All of these elements were present in the case that marked the establishment of the culture of exposure in the U.K.: the ‘Profumo scandal’ of 1963. For those unaware of this episode, it may be sufficient to say that it involved the then-secretary of state for war, members of the British aristocracy, a Soviet naval attaché, and a number of “society” call girls, and that it contributed to the resignation of Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and the subsequent fall from power of the Conservative Party. In the United States, the culture of exposure developed somewhat later and took shape in the period of the Watergate scandal, which damaged the American public's perception of the governing classes just as the Profumo scandal had in Britain.