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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „SMT industry“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "SMT industry"
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Kim, Hee Y., Seung Soo Han, Sung Bok Hong und Sang Jeen Hong. „Statistical Process Monitoring System for SMT Industry Using Automatic Optical Inspection System“. Materials Science Forum 580-582 (Juni 2008): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.561.
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As the demand of higher throughput in high volume surface mounting technology (SMT) industry, inspection and testing have been notably emphasized. To alleviate concerns associated with board level soldering inspection, automatic optical inspection (AOI) has been actively used in SMT industry [1]. In this paper, statistical quality control method has been applied for board level inspection to maximize the performance of a commercially available AOI system. Considering its complication of SMT assembled board, implementing the quality control scheme for the measured variable data is fairly expensive. However, the proposed system efficiently utilizes both attribute and variable data collected for the daily/weekly based production yield reports, and further utilize as a method for in-line diagnostics in SMT manufacturing process.
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Mandal, Nirupama, Bikas Mondal und Rajan Sarkar. „Design of an optical temperature transmitter for inflammable industry“. IET Science, Measurement & Technology 13, Nr. 5 (01.07.2019): 671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2018.5100.
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Walker, Jessica. „The performer-creator as collaborator in the music theatre industry: Creative agency versus professional agency“. Studies in Musical Theatre 11, Nr. 2 (01.06.2017): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/smt.11.2.179_1.
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Neophytou, R. I., und A. C. Metaxas. „Characterisation of radio frequency heating systems in industry using a network analyser“. IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 144, Nr. 5 (01.09.1997): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:19971351.
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Chen, Gary Yu-Hsin, Hui-Ming Wee und Chun Yao Lee. „Supplier Selection and Competitiveness — A Case Study on the Surface Mount Industry“. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 13, Nr. 03 (13.08.2014): 155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686714500103.
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This research investigates the supplier selection criteria in the surface mount technology (SMT) industry by conducting in-depth interviews with experts to design the questionnaire for collecting data. Questionnaires are then sent to a selected list of SMT companies in Taiwan. The data are then analyzed through statistical methods. Additionally, the factor analysis is used to extract major components and construct the evaluation criteria, which includes five main categories and 41 evaluation indicators. The Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis is also used to consider factors that affect strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of logistics in a firm. Those factors include competitions between the existing competitors, threats from potential entrants, and threats from the alternatives. The five forces analysis is conducted to survey the bargaining power of the buyers. The study compiles views and recommendations from supplier management professionals in SMT industry, as well as their work experiences, enterprises' existing mode of operation and other relevant information. The compiled recommendations and statistical results may provide guidelines for suppliers' selection in the SMT industry.
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Forcada, Mikel L. „Making sense of neural machine translation“. Translation Spaces 6, Nr. 2 (04.12.2017): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.6.2.06for.
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Abstract The last few years have witnessed a surge in the interest of a new machine translation paradigm: neural machine translation (NMT). Neural machine translation is starting to displace its corpus-based predecessor, statistical machine translation (SMT). In this paper, I introduce NMT, and explain in detail, without the mathematical complexity, how neural machine translation systems work, how they are trained, and their main differences with SMT systems. The paper will try to decipher NMT jargon such as “distributed representations”, “deep learning”, “word embeddings”, “vectors”, “layers”, “weights”, “encoder”, “decoder”, and “attention”, and build upon these concepts, so that individual translators and professionals working for the translation industry as well as students and academics in translation studies can make sense of this new technology and know what to expect from it. Aspects such as how NMT output differs from SMT, and the hardware and software requirements of NMT, both at training time and at run time, on the translation industry, will be discussed.
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Williamson, Jaimal, Kurt Wachtler, David Chin und Mike Pierce. „PoP Technology for the Automotive Industry“. International Symposium on Microelectronics 2014, Nr. 1 (01.10.2014): 000081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-ta33.
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Package-on-Package (PoP) technology has been in production for commercial and portable electronic applications for many years. The key challenge for PoP in automotive applications is meeting the aggressive defect level requirements. The need for PoP has historically been driven by mobile and tablet applications and an increased demand for more processor and memory performance within smaller spaces. With the maturity and excellent historical performance of PoP technology used with TI OMAPTM processor products, PoP can now be introduced as a reliable packaging technology in the automotive industry. This paper will describe the work involved in the enablement of commercial PoP technology into the automotive industry. The challenges and requirements regarding package design, warpage performance, surface mount (SMT) characterization, and board-level reliability (BLR) performance will all be explained.
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Briggs, Ed. „Optimal SMT Electronics Assembly Guidelines for Stencil Printing“. International Symposium on Microelectronics 2015, Nr. 1 (01.10.2015): 000126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2015-tp46.
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The continuing miniaturization of personal electronics devices, such as mobile phones, personal music devices, and personal computing devices has driven the need for increasingly smaller active and passive electrical components. Not too long ago, 0402 (40 × 20mils) passives were seen as the ultimate in miniaturization, but recently 0201 and now 01005 passives have arrived, with predictions of even smaller sizes to come. For active components, the 30mil CSP (a chip-scale package with the solder balls on 30mil/0.75mm centers) has virtually become a requirement for enabling the many features required in modern portable electronics devices. This miniaturization trend, occurring simultaneously with the conversion to RoHS-compliant lead-free assembly, has put a considerable strain on the electronics assembly industry. This paper will discuss guidelines to optimize the electronics assembly process focusing primarily on stencil printing. With a smaller process window, each variable in the process contributes to the overall success of the assembly. Simple contributions such as storage and handling of solder paste can make or break a printing process. Many solder defects (some say 60–70%) can be attributed to the printing process. Therefore, stencil printing set-up is discussed, as well as solder paste measurement metrics, to determine the potential for success and assure a reliable solder joint.
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Zhang, Huiyan, Hao Sun und Peng Shi. „Chip Appearance Inspection Method for High-Precision SMT Equipment“. Machines 9, Nr. 2 (07.02.2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9020034.
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In order to meet the defect-detection requirements of chips in high-precision surface mount technology (SMT) equipment widely used in the electronic industry, a chip appearance defect-detection method based on multi-order fractional discrete wavelet packet decomposition (DWPD) is proposed in this paper. First, lead and body regions were extracted from chip images using the image segmentation algorithm with asymmetric Laplace mixture model and connected-component labelling algorithm; then, the texture feature of the region to be inspected was extracted with the multi-order fractional DWPD algorithm and the geometric and gradient features were combined to form image features of the region to be inspected before the subset of features was selected from image features with the feature selection algorithm based on the variational Bayesian Gaussian mixture model; and finally, the support vector machine was used to determine whether the region to be inspected was defective. An experiment was conducted on a data set captured in high-precision SMT equipment. The accuracy of the proposed chip appearance defect-detection method is about 93%, which is more accurate than existing ones.
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Bhartia, Prakash, Jim Angeloni und Will Bolinger. „Flexible Hand-Free Microelectronics assembly Line for the Chip and Wire industry“. Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (01.01.2015): 000790–826. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-tp35.
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This paper presents Natel's effort in pioneering the design and development of the first Touch-Free Microelectronics assembly Line for the Chip and Wire industry. When the Surface Mount Technology (SMT) industry first started, it began as a series of discrete pieces of equipment that performed the functions required to populate Circuit Cards. Over the years, the technology has evolved as has the industry such that fully integrated, automated lines are available where the circuit cards are installed at one end of the line, reels or tubes of components, such as packaged resistors, inductors, capacitors and semiconductors etc., loaded, the machine programmed and assembled circuit cards are available at the other end. However, no such line has been developed for the Chip and Wire industry, with most assembly houses still using individual stand alone die attach, bonders, plasma clean machines to populate substrates. Natel has developed the first of its kind integrated Auto line for the Chip and Wire industry, which conceptually replicates a SMT line. This Auto Line is touch–free and incorporates die attach ( including eutectic), ball and ribbon bonding , plasma clean and in line testing. The line is ideal for high volume production of Hybrid and Microwave Integrated Circuits. The obvious advantages of this approach are the “ hands-free” continuous flow aspect with significant reduction in product defects, increase in efficiency and cost reduction thereby increasing competitiveness against low labor rate overseas operations. This paper will provide details of the line, and discuss what additional capabilities can be added and hopefully promote the future development of the Chip and Wire industry built on this pioneering development.
Dissertationen zum Thema "SMT industry"
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Ortega, Antonio Vanderlei. „Projeto de dispositivos optoeletrônicos automotivos utilizando abordagem de sistemas Fuzzy“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18153/tde-18122007-075512/.
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Tecnologia de montagem de superfície (SMT) é um método para construção de circuitos eletrônicos, nos quais os componentes são montados diretamente sobre a superfície da placa de circuito impresso. Tais dispositivos eletrônicos são chamados de dispositivos de montagens de superfície ou SMDs. Paralelamente, as vantagens oferecidas pelo componente eletrônico LED SMD têm causado uma grande aplicação desse dispositivo em substituição ao LED convencional. O presente trabalho apresenta um sistema inteligente baseado em sistemas de inferência fuzzy para estimar valores de intensidade luminosa de equipamentos automotivos a partir de dados de projeto. Embora o trabalho esteja direcionado para a aplicação de LEDs SMD em lanternas traseiras, o trabalho aqui desenvolvido pode ser generalizado e usado em outras aplicações industriais, tais como semáforos de trânsito, painéis eletrônicos de mensagens ou qualquer outra aplicação onde use LEDs SMD em conjunto. Resultados de protótipos são apresentados para validar a técnica proposta. Por meio desses resultados, pode-se observar que a aplicação de sistemas inteligentes é uma abordagem atrativa para este tipo de problema.Surface mount technology (SMT) is a method for making electronic circuits in which the components are mounted directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards. Such electronic devices are called surface-mount devices or SMDs. The advantages offered by the electronic component SMD LED (Light Emitting Diode) have caused a wide application of this device in replacement of conventional LEDs. This work shows an intelligent system using fuzzy interference systems to estimate values of luminous intensity in automotive equipments from design data. Although this work is aimed to the application of SMD LEDs in rear lights, methods hereby developed and described can also be used in other applications, such as traffic lights, electronic panels of messages or any other application where SMD LEDs are used in groups. Results of prototypes are presented to validate the proposed technique. From these results, it can be observed that the application of intelligent systems is an attractive approach to this type of problem.
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Adámek, Tomáš. „Konstrukce dopravníkové nástavby mobilního robotu MiR“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442861.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is the design of a conveyor superstructure of a collaborative mobile robot MiR. The first part is a theoretical research basis focused on mobile collaborative technologies and information related to Mobile industrial Robots. The following is a practical part built on previous acquired knowledge. The key issue of the solution is the logistics transport of the PCB magazine in the field of SMT industry. There are created two structural design variants of the superstructure arrangement for the transport of two binders and the most suitable variant is selected on the basis of the multicriteria basic method. The selected alternative of the conveyor top module is then subjected to design calculations. In order to obtain a comprehensive overview of the prototype production, the following section contains drawing documentation, including relevant comments, an economic cost estimate and a risk analysis.
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Smit, Shantèl. „Work wellness in the chemical industry / Shantèl Smit“. Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2134.
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Maarouf, Falah, und Abdiaziz Ismail. „IO-link i utbildningssituation : Implementering av IO-linkgivare samt jämförelse med analog teknik“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105264.
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Sjöfartshögskolan i Kalmar har kurser i bl.a. programmerbara styrsystem. För att undervisningen ska ta steget in i Industri 4.0 vill skolan först ha utlåtande om svårighetsgraden att implementera en IO-linkgivare i befintlig process. Syftet med arbetet var att installera och konfigurera en IO-linkgivare i skolans ånganläggning för att på så sätt kunna utvärdera implementeringsarbetets svårighetsgrad. Detta sattes sedan i relation till att istället installera en traditionell analog tryckgivare. Genom att göra en installation och konfiguration implementerades IO-linkgivaren och för kontroll av funktion genomfördes en provning mot befintlig mätutrustning som referenser. Resultatet visade på en relativt komplicerad implementering men ett noggrant mätvärde samt många möjligheter utöver det.The Maritime Academy in Kalmar wanted to learn about how the implementation of IO-link sensors in a steam process could be used in teaching. The work aimed to investigate how an IO-link sensor works and provide input to develop the content of the school's programming courses. This was done by first implementing a new pressure sensor (IO-Link) in a steam process and then performing the electrical installation in the existing automatic cabinet. In the control cabinet, the existing PLC system was expanded with an IO link master for communication between sensor and PLC system. The result was a fully functional IO link sensor that transferred the vapor pressure in the system to the PLC system. As the IO link sensor for this purpose does not use many of the functions that may be sought in an IO link sensor, it becomes an expensive and complicated installation. If the teaching and course content are developed to use more of the IO link donor's competence, it can justify a higher purchase price and a more complicated implementation.
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Schnell, Marie. „Challenges when introducing collaborative robots in SME manufacturing industry“. Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19875.
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Collaborative robots, cobots, are seen as an alternative to traditional industrial robots since they are more flexible, less space-consuming, and can share the workspace with human operators. For small and medium-sized enterprises, SMEs, the adoption still is in an early stage. This study aims to examine the challenges for manufacturing SMEs when introducing collaborative robots in the business. A literature review is conducted as well as a case study, where managers and operators from five Swedish companies are interviewed about their experiences regarding the introduction of collaborative robots. Additional interviews with international researchers in the field are conducted as well. Since the aim is to understand the challenges in a rather new field, which human-robot collaboration still is for SMEs, this is a qualitative explorative study, with the purpose to gather rich insight about the field. The data has been analyzed in an inductive qualitative analysis. The results show that the biggest challenges for manufacturing SMEs when introducing collaborative robots are related to safety, performance, strategy, involvement, and training. Safety aspects are crucial since human operators work closely with collaborative robots and risk serious injuries even though the managers and operators in the case study do not seem to worry since they perceive the robots as quite slow and safe. Proper safety assessments are important as well, even though there is a concern about the lack of proper safety regulations. Other challenges are related to performance and strategy, e.g how to achieve cost-effectiveness with small production volumes and get the robotic investment to pay off in the long turn, but also to choose a proper cobot solution and a reliable supplier, find suitable work tasks, and obtain quality if the cobot fails to recognize a defective product or skewed inputs on the production line. The recommendation from the companies in the case study is to start with an easy task and to see it as a long-term investment. One important key to success is to find a flexible cobot solution that suits the company's individual needs. Employee involvement is another success factor since involving the operators from the beginning leads to better acceptance and understanding of the new technology and the changed work situation. There is a need for skilled, educated workers as well, although the case study shows that the SMEs highlight the importance of choosing a robot system that is easy to learn and easy to use for everyone. The researchers in the study highlight the need for smarter solutions equipped with enabling technologies and the SME managers call for flexible removable solutions with sensors and vision systems for quality control and the ability to handle surprises on the way.
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野崎, 謙二, und Kenji Nozaki. „異業種交流活動から見た産業クラスター計画 : テクノミクス北九州を事例にして“. 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14045.
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Moeuf, Alexandre. „Identification des risques, opportunités et facteurs critiques de succès de l’industrie 4.0 pour la performance industrielle des PME“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC025/document.
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Acteurs majeurs de l’industrie, les PME (Petites et Moyennes Entreprises) doivent répondre à des exigences toujours plus complexes de leurs clients. L’une des solutions est l’amélioration du pilotage des processus industriels qui comprend la planification et l’exploitation des ressources, le contrôle de la production, la mesure et l’évaluation de la performance. Récemment est né le concept d’industrie 4.0 qui vise au pilotage de la chaîne logistique par la synchronisation en temps réel des flux pour tendre à la fabrication unitaire et personnalisée. Ce concept se base sur l’émergence de nouvelles technologies telles que l’internet des objets et le cloud computing. Notre objectif est d’identifier les risques, les opportunités et les facteurs critiques de succès de l’industrie 4.0 concernant la performance industrielle des PME. Nos premiers travaux montrent que les PME présentent des caractéristiques managériales propres qui peuvent venir à l’encontre des prérequis nécessaires à l’exploitation de l’industrie 4.0. Notre revue de la littérature montre d’une part des disparités dans les cas d’application de l’industrie 4.0 dans les PME, et d’autre part que ces cas sont peu documentés. La difficulté inhérente à l’identification de cas concrets ne nous a pas permis d’organiser une étude statistique de l’application de l’industrie 4.0. Afin de répondre à nos objectifs, nous avons ainsi organisé une étude prospective par consultation d’experts. Cette étude a montré que le manque d’expertise et la stratégie à courte vue sont les risques les plus importants de l’industrie 4.0 dans les PME. L’étude montre également que la formation est le facteur de réussite le plus important, que le dirigeant joue un rôle prépondérant dans la réussite et/ou l’échec d’un projet industrie 4.0 et qu’il est conseillé de se faire accompagner par des experts pour tout projet d’industrie 4.0. Enfin, l’industrie 4.0 est une opportunité exceptionnelle de repenser les processus de production, mais également de proposer de nouveaux modèles d’affaires pour les PME. Les PME présentent des atouts majeurs face à cette révolution industrielle et elles doivent en tirer profit pour ne pas perdre leur avantage concurrentiel vis-à-vis des grandes entreprisesThe SMEs, predominant actors of the industry, have to reach customer expectations that are more and more complex. One of the solutions is to improve the management of the industrial processes which includes production planning and control, performance measurement and evaluation. Lately the concept of industry 4.0 has emerged. This new approach allows the control of production processes by providing real time synchronization of flows and by enabling the production of unitary and customized products. This concept is based on emerging new technologies such as cloud computing and Internet of Things. Our research goal is to identify the industry 4.0 risks, opportunities and critical success factors regarding SMEs industrial performances. Our first work shows that the SMEs have their own specific managerial features that may undermine the adoption of the industry 4.0 concept. Our review of the scientific literature also shows that there are disparities between industry 4.0 business cases in SMEs. These business cases are also poorly documented a provide only few insights for SMEs managers. The inherent difficulty to identify detailed examples prevented us from conducting a statistical study of the industry 4.0 cases within SMEs. In order to reach our research goal, we conducted a prospective study by consulting experts. Our study shows that the major risks facing the adoption of the industry 4.0 concept in SMEs is the lack of expertise and the short-term strategy mindset. The study also shows that training is the most important success factor, that managers have a prominent role in the success and/or the failure of an industry 4.0 project, and that SMEs should be supported by external experts. Lastly, industry 4.0 offers a unique opportunity to redesign SMEs production processes and to adopt new business models. SMEs have decisive advantages toward this industrial revolution that they must use in order to keep their competitive advantages against large company
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Sedoglavich, Milan. „Internationalization of the Yarra Valley Wine Industry Cluster“. The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2259.
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This research investigates the ways in which firms in the cluster approach the process of internationalization through exploring the influence of business clustering and how it benefits firms in entering foreign markets. The purpose was to understand this process to enable firms to develop successful international strategies to expand in foreign markets. The focus of the study is on the Yarra Valley Wine Industry Cluster, the oldest wine growing region in Victoria, Australia. This research examined of Australian wineries to join together in order to achieve greater competitiveness in collaboration when entering foreign markets due to ever increasing global competition. This paper was an exploratory study that used qualitative information gathered from the case study firms to provide practical framework for the execution of the research using a multiple-case study design. The findings show the following: first, some of the wineries gain their perceptions of the foreign markets from their relationships with, as well as, by the input and suggestions of the distributors, agents, and partners in a particular market, while others seem to distance themselves from their international environments and only focus on serving domestic/local markets exclusively. Second, personal networks play an important role when it comes to the internationalization process of the wineries because they provide access to market knowledge. Third, cooperation among cluster firms plays a very limited role in assisting wineries in foreign market expansion; it has only been of benefit when it came to dealing with local issues. The cluster has played only a minor role, if any, when it comes to the internationalization of the cluster firms. Clustering has been identified as a place where wineries exchange knowledge, and techniques, in regards to wine production, or come together in a joint effort to sort out local issues. However, the cluster does not provide assistance to individual wineries entering international marketplaces. In conclusion there was a distinctive lack of active support and organization from the cluster with regard to the international expansion due to the lack of leadership and joint direction among cluster members. This is where local government could take more proactive role to facilitate better usage of geographical clusters. The findings could improve the company decision-making process. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of clustering as a means for the future international expansion can be useful in helping to develop international strategies for firms. This would be of great significance to business practitioners because this may have a crucial impact on the competitive advantage of firms in foreign markets. In addition to having significant implications for practice, the investigation has implications for international business research because it provides a better understanding of the role of a cluster in the internationalization.
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GYLLENSWÄRD, MIKAEL, und FRANCESCA SALA. „Vilka problem ställs små och medelstora tillverkande företag inför vid införandet av smart teknik? Hur kan dessa problem i största möjliga mån undvikas? : En studie om hur Industri 4.0 på verkar tillverkningsindustrins mindre företag“. Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233184.
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Industri 4.0, den fjärde industriella revolutionen, kommer att förändra industriell tillverkning. Ofta diskuteras fördelar och stora företag som är en drivande kraft i industrin; men i denna rapport undersöks utmaningarna som små och medelstora företag ställs mot vid införandet av smart teknik. Dessa företag representerar över 90% av svensk industri och är extremt viktiga för ekonomin vilket är anledningen till varför dessa valdes att undersöka. Rapporten består av ett teoriavsnitt och en empirisk studie. Teorin har tillhandahållits från ett flertal tekniska publikationer och sammanfattningar av tekniska konvent. Empirin är baserad på två intervjuer genomförts och en artikel. En intervju med en civilingenjör och chef vid ett mindre tillverkande företag som producerar belysning. Den andra med en expert inom området för införandet av smart teknik inom SMF, engagerad i olika projekt för detta ändamål och arbetserfarenhet inom ABB Robotics. Artikeln är en stor empirisk studie med flertal chefer inom tillverkningsindustrin. Resultatet är att för Industri 4.0 krävs det att resurser i form av kompetens, ekonomi och maskiner finns. Att produktionsprocessen är standardiserad, det ska finnas tjänster som hjälper företag att införa och utveckla smart teknik och att det finns en hög IT-säkerhet. I dagsläget är det en extrem brist på kunskap och kompetens hos SMF gällande smart teknik och industri 4.0. Intresset för det är vagt om ens existerande. Produktionsprocesserna är intestandardiserade. Slutsatsen är att utmaningarna är bristen på kompetens, processerna inte är standardiserade, och att det är svårt att kunna integrera den teknik som finns med de maskiner som finns. Dessa problem är svåra att undvika men lätta att ta sig förbi. Hjälp med kompetens finns ochautomatiserade robotar för en produktionsprocess som inte är standardiserade är på marknaden. Det viktigaste är att företagen i största möjliga mån har en vilja att utvecklas.Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution, will change industrial production as we know it. Too often are the pros along with big companies who are a driving force of this revolution discussed; however, in this report the challenges small and medium sized enterprises face when implementing smart technology will be scrutinized. These companies represent over 90% of the Swedish industry and are extremely important for the economy, which is why this was chosen to be examined. The report is based on one theory chapter and one empirical study. The theory has been obtained from several technical publishes and summaries of technical conventions. The empirical study is based on two interviews and one article. One interview with a boss in a smaller industrial company, that focuses on lightning, who has a Master’s of Science in Engineering. The other interview was conducted with an expert in the area for implementing smart technology in SME, engaged in different projects for this purpose and work experience within ABB Robotics. The article is a large empirical study with multiple managers within manufacturing companies. The result is that for Industry 4.0 it is necessary that resources in the shape of competence, economy and machinery exists. That the manufacturing process in standardised, there must be services that helps companies to implement and develop smart technology, and that there is high IT-security in place. Today there is an extreme lack in knowledge and competence at SME concerning smart technology and Industry 4.0. The interest in the subject is weak if even existing. The manufacturing processes are not standardised. The conclusion is that the challenges are the lack of competence, the processes are not standardised, and that it's hard to integrate he technology with the existing machines. These problems are hard to avoid but easy to overcome. Assistance with competence are available and automated robots are on the market. The most important aspect is that the companies have, in the greatest extent possible, a will to evolve.
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Abdlla, Hamodi, und Adnan Safwa. „Digitaliseringsteknologier inom svensk industri : Utmaningar och drivkrafter för SMF“. Thesis, KTH, Hållbar produktionsutveckling (ML), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297670.
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Den industriella utvecklingen har genomgått tre olika revolutioner och den fjärde indust-riella revolutionen är på gång, industri 4.0. Denna revolution rör sig mot automatiserade och självorganiserande tillverkningsfabriker där digitaliseringen spelar en central roll i dess utveckling. Företag som riskerar att hamna efter med sitt digitaliseringsarbete kan utkonkurreras och slås ut. Detta skapar ett hinder i Sveriges utveckling mot att bli en in-ternationell ledande aktör inom digitalisering och försvagar den nationella konkurrens-kraften. Då detta projekt är ett bidrag till projektet Fordonsdalen Stockholm så är syftet att undersöka vilka digitala teknologier de stora företagen arbetar med inom produk-tionen, vad som krävs för att få teknologierna att fungera och hur SMF:erna kan imple-mentera dessa teknologier. Projektets genomförande grundar sig i den kvalitativa metoden som möjliggör data-insamling via intervjuer och akademiska artiklar. Artiklarna erhölls via internetbaserade databaser som exempelvis Google Scholar, KTH Primo, Diva-portal, Scopus och Science-Direct. Därefter genomfördes åtta intervjuer med fordons- och tillverkningsföretag, varav tre stora företag och fyra små- och medelstora företag. Detta för att skapa en djupare för-ståelse för industrin och de krav och utmaningar som SMF:erna ställs inför. Det resultat som arbetet medfört är följande. Flesta stora företag använder sig oftast av alla teknologier som presenteras i avsnitt 4.3, och att kompetensnivån bland SMF:erna måste höjas för att de ska kunna implementera dessa teknologier på samma sätt som de större företagen. Kompetensbristen inom ett företag lyfts fram till att vara den största utmaningen alla företag ställs inför och är gemensamt både för SMF och för större företag. Ytterligare utmaningar som tas upp är resursbegränsningar och bristen på standarder inom respektive bransch. Med hjälp av standarder underlättas digitaliseringsarbetet och skapandet av en uppkopplad fabrik. Avsaknaden av standarder kring informationsutbytet och hur fabriker och maskiner ska kopplas upp är ett problem som behöver lösas.Tillverknings- och fordonsindustrin bör ta lärdom av elektronikindustrin som har lyckats införa sådana standarder.The industrial development throughout history has undergone three different revolutions and the fourth industrial revolution is underway, industry 4.0. This revolution is moving towards automated and self-organizing manufacturing plants where digitalization plays a central role in its development. The fact that companies fall behind with their digitali-zation work can result in them being outcompeted and eliminated. This creates an obstacle in Sweden's development towards becoming an international leading player in digitalization and weakens national competitiveness. As this project is a contribution to the Fordonsdalen Stockholm Project, the purpose is to investigate which digital technol-ogies the large companies work with in production, what is required to make the technologies work and how SMEs can adopt these technologies. The project's implementation is based on the qualitative method that enables data collection via interviews and academic articles. The articles were obtained from internet-based databases such as Google Scholar, KTH Primo, Diva-portal, Scopus and ScienceDirect. Eight interviews were made with vehicle and manufacturing companies, of which three large companies and four small and medium-sized companies. This is to create a deeper understanding of the industry and the requirements and challenges that SMEs face. The results obtained from this work is that most large companies use all the technologies, which are presented in section 4.3, and that the level of competence among SMEs must be raised to be able to work with these technologies, as all companies, including large companies, mentions this as the biggest challenge. Other challenges that are addressed are resource constraints and the lack of standards in the industries. With the help of standards, the digitization work and the creation of a connected factory are facilitated. The lack of standards on how factories and machines should be connected and how the exchange of information should be made is a problem that needs to be solved. The man-ufacturing and automotive industries should learn from the electronics industry, which has succeeded in introducing such standards.
Bücher zum Thema "SMT industry"
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A, Curtis David. Surface-mount technology in electronics packaging, 1992-1996: Industry impact of new SMT generations and alternative technologies. Burlington, Mass: Decision Resources, Inc., 1992.
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Machine Vision Association of SME. MVA/SME machine vision industry directory. Dearborn, Mich: Machine Vision Association of SME, 1994.
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Rouette, Hans-Karl. Seide & Samt in der Textilstadt Krefeld. Frankfurt am Main: Deutscher Fachverlag, 2004.
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The movie set. London: Corgi, 1985.
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Vartanov, E. L. Ėnt︠s︡iklopedii︠a︡ mirovoĭ industrii SMI: Uchebnoe posobie. Moskva: Aspekt Press, 2006.
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The movie set: A novel. Loughton: Piatkus, 1985.
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Sulawesi Barat (Indonesia). Dinas Perindustrian, Perdagangan, Koperasi, dan UKM. Profile of industry, trade, cooperative & SME in West Sulawesi Province. [Mamuju]: Office of Industry, Trade, Cooperative, and Small Medium Enterprises of West Sulawesi Province, 2013.
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Mehrotra, Vivek. Get set and grow: A handbook for medical representatives. 3. Aufl. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2007.
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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Folding cartons and set-up boxes. Ottawa, Ont: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1988.
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Eriksson, Ralf. Intra-Industri-Handel: En teorioversikt samt en ekonometrisk av den finlandska intra-industri-handelns landerfordelning. Abo, Finland: Abo Akademi, 1987.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "SMT industry"
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Mann, Makai, Ahmed Irfan, Florian Lonsing, Yahan Yang, Hongce Zhang, Kristopher Brown, Aarti Gupta und Clark Barrett. „Pono: A Flexible and Extensible SMT-Based Model Checker“. In Computer Aided Verification, 461–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_22.
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AbstractSymbolic model checking is an important tool for finding bugs (or proving the absence of bugs) in modern system designs. Because of this, improving the ease of use, scalability, and performance of model checking tools and algorithms continues to be an important research direction. In service of this goal, we present , an open-source SMT-based model checker. is designed to be both a research platform for developing and improving model checking algorithms, as well as a performance-competitive tool that can be used for academic and industry verification applications. In addition to performance, prioritizes transparency (developed as an open-source project on GitHub), flexibility ( can be adapted to a variety of tasks by exploiting its general SMT-based interface), and extensibility (it is easy to add new algorithms and new back-end solvers). In this paper, we describe the design of the tool with a focus on the flexible and extensible architecture, cover its current capabilities, and demonstrate that is competitive with state-of-the-art tools.
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Stark, John. „Set the Objectives“. In Digital Transformation of Industry, 127–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41001-8_20.
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Sopadang, Apichat, Nilubon Chonsawat und Sakgasem Ramingwong. „Smart SME 4.0 Implementation Toolkit“. In Industry 4.0 for SMEs, 279–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25425-4_10.
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Richardsen, Stine Kjersti, und Trygve Randen. „Mapping 3D Geo-Bodies Based on Level Set and Marching Methods“. In Mathematics in Industry, 247–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26493-0_8.
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Sopadang, Apichat, Sakgasem Ramingwong, Tanyanuparb Anantana und Krisana Tamvimol. „Implementation Strategies for SME 4.0: Insights on Thailand“. In Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs, 393–422. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70516-9_12.
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AbstractThis chapter presents how SMEs or companies can implement Industry 4.0 based on case studies in Thai SMEs. Additionally, the chapter examined implementation strategies to convert a company successfully to SME 4.0. The implementation process includes identifying business trends, foresight strategy, gap analysis, industrial research and capacity development, and technology blueprint development plan. By working closely as the triple helix with universities and tech-development agencies, the inside-out and outside-in approaches are used. There can be several challenges during the implementation, such as the requirement of new skills, new technology, and investment needs. The challenges can be addressed by setup and implement the appropriate strategy for developing workers’ skill sets, making investments in the new technologies, and improving the efficiency of the production process.
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Pagnini, Gianni, und Andrea Mentrelli. „The Randomized Level Set Method and an Associated Reaction-Diffusion Equation to Model Wildland Fire Propagation“. In Mathematics in Industry, 531–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23413-7_74.
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Koomen, Bas. „PLM in SME, What Are We Missing? An Alternative View on PLM Implementation for SME“. In Product Lifecycle Management to Support Industry 4.0, 681–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01614-2_62.
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Matt, Dominik T., und Erwin Rauch. „SME 4.0: The Role of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Digital Transformation“. In Industry 4.0 for SMEs, 3–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25425-4_1.
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Rauch, Erwin, Andrew R. Vickery, Christopher A. Brown und Dominik T. Matt. „SME Requirements and Guidelines for the Design of Smart and Highly Adaptable Manufacturing Systems“. In Industry 4.0 for SMEs, 39–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25425-4_2.
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Mattig, Andreas. „Research Set Up“. In Industrial Dynamics and the Evolution of Markets in the Mutual Fund Industry, 47–53. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8351-0_3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "SMT industry"
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Chen Dongfan und Zhou Lincan. „Research on manufacturing execution system for the SMT industry“. In Conference on High Density Microsystem Design and Packaging and Component Failure Analysis, 2006. HDP'06. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hdp.2006.1707573.
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Wohlrabe, H., und J. Trodler. „Reliability investigation of SMT-boards for the automotive industry“. In 2012 4th Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc.2012.6542159.
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Hu, Xiaoming. „Analysis of Materials and Processes Affecting SMT Printing Quality“. In 4th Workshop on Advanced Research and Technology in Industry (WARTIA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/wartia-18.2018.9.
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Serafin, Stacey N., und Terrance Dishongh. „Manufacturability of Large SMT Connectors“. In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33073.
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With the advent of higher signaling frequencies on today’s motherboard, evolution suggests that the electronic industry is near a phase transition of going from through hole mount to surface mount connectors. Current computer infrastructure supports assembly of motherboards using through hole mount connectors from a historical standpoint. This legacy has led placement equipment manufacturers to develop fabrication machines that do not consider long, thin devices such as a PCI or DIMM connector. The reassessment of the world’s method of motherboard manufacturing presents a challenge. Hence the question arises, what is the realistic lifetime of a through hole mount connector and what are the assembly and reliability issues associated with a proposed replacement such as a surface mount connector. This paper addresses the basic reliability concerns of a long, thin, surface mount PCI connector both with, and without retention features.
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Sharpe, Thomas. „Functional Electronic Clones—The Most Dangerous New Counterfeit Threat Facing the Entire Electronics Industry Today“. In ISTFA 2015. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2015p0177.
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Abstract The entire electronics industry is now facing a much more insidious counterfeit threat than at any time in the past. The existence of cloned electronic components bearing the markings of major component manufacturers in today’s global supply chains has been clearly established within SMT’s labs over the past 3 years. The most worrisome aspect of these “made from scratch” fakes is their ability to easily pass current Industry-Standard counterfeit inspection processes and electrical testing to the manufacturers’ data sheet. My presentation will focus on several actual examples of this most concerning advanced counterfeiter capability and some of the processes utilized by SMT as an obsolescence component supplier and testing lab to mitigate this new and growing threat from making it to our OEM & CM customers.
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Fidan, Ismail, Larry Ruff und Stephen Derby. „The Integration of a SMT Fully-Automated Rework Cell for Fine-Pitch Surface Mounted Devices“. In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/fas-1711.
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Abstract Surface mounted components have become the choice of the electronics manufacturing industry to solve problems in the complex circuit boards. New components using increased lead counts on finer pitches make manufacturing difficult. The increased complexity, cost, and lead count of the Surface Mount Technology (SMT) components, and also the increasing compactness of the SMT assemblies have demanded the creation of newer rework tools as an essential part of electronics manufacturing. Therefore, it becomes essential to have a well-controlled process to assure that rework is not only possible but that it is consistent and flawless. Automation is the common answer to achieve both efficiency and quality. This paper describes a system for the automated rework of fine pitch components that is under development as part of the Center for Integrated Electronics and Electronics Manufacturing (CIEEM) at Rensselaer.
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Reynolds, Matthew R., Claudio Campana und Devdas Shetty. „Design of Machine Vision Systems for Improving Solder Paste Inspection“. In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62133.
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The quality of solder joints is a crucial aspect on circuit card assemblies containing fine-pitch, surface mount technology (SMT) components. Modern aerospace equipment manufacturers are therefore implementing machine vision systems for the inspection of their electronic products. These methodologies offer many process improvements including faster cycle times, early defect detection, and the ability to efficiently track statistical data. This paper discusses machine vision systems for dimensional verification of solder paste deposited on printed circuit boards. The intent is to show that by focusing on vision inspection early in the assembly process, defects can be detected prior to component placement and solder reflow. Example vision systems and methodologies will be described for applications involving SMT assembly processing. Specifically, various cost-effective techniques for measuring solder paste height and volume will be presented as a means of maintaining solder joint quality. Verification of the aforementioned dimensional attributes is currently very important in the aerospace electronics industry as smaller SMT package and lead sizes are migrating to production.
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Gopakumar, Sunil, Francois Billaut, Eric Fremd und Manthos Economou. „Pb-Free Process Development for a High End Storage Area Network Application“. In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33857.
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Lead free solders are being increasingly used in the electronic industry. While most of the electronic products, in terms of volume, are already built lead free, sectors of the industry including high end servers, networking and telecommunications are covered by “lead in solder” exemptions. It is unknown at this point how long these exemptions will last. In addition, many components such as memories have started appearing only in the Pb-free version. As a result, the industry has been pushed to either adopt a mixed assembly process or to transition early to a full Pb-free process. Even though numerous papers have outlined the successful implementation of a Pb-free process, few of them have actually looked at complex high-end multilayer boards in its entirety. This paper focuses on the issues involved in developing an acceptable Pb-free process window for thick, multilayer boards for SMT, Wave soldering, Rework and Press-fit operations. A laminate capable of withstanding Pb-free soldering temperatures was used to construct a 125-mil thick multilayer board with 18 layers which included 8 ground and 10 signal planes. This experiment utilized two popular Pb-free finishes commonly used in the industry: Immersion Silver and high temperature Organic Solderability Preservative (OSP). The widespread SAC 305 alloy with a composition of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu was used for both SMT and wave soldering. Three sets of assemblies were built: Pb-free, Mixed and Sn/Pb. The mixed assembly mostly used Pb-free components with Sn/Pb solder paste. The impact of increased soldering temperatures on the board, components and reliability of the product were also studied as a part of this research endeavor. Board level reliability tests were conducted by subjecting the boards from 0°C to 100°C Air-to-Air thermal cycling as well as mechanical shock and vibration tests. A suite of reliability and destructive physical analysis (DPA) tests were carried out to establish the quality of the soldering using the eutectic Sn/Pb assembly as the baseline. The study compared the cycling performance of the three sets of assemblies and also looked at the potential impacts of moving to mixed assemblies. Results indicated a reduced process window for Pb-free, especially for the Pb-free wave soldering process due to reduced wetting of the plated through hole barrels as compared to Sn/Pb wave soldering process. The thermal cycling performance of the three sets of assemblies was found to be equivalent after 6000 cycles.
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Ohori, Atsushi, Katsuhiro Ueno, Kazunori Hoshi, Shinji Nozaki, Takashi Sato, Tasuku Makabe und Yuki Ito. „SML# in industry“. In ICFP'14: ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2628136.2628164.
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Snogren, Richard C. „Embedded Passives: A Novel Approach Using Ceramic Thick Film Technology“. In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35244.
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This paper is an in depth presentation of a novel approach for design and manufacturing processes to embed ceramic thick film resistors and discrete capacitors into circuit board substrates. These robust materials are available in a wide range of values. Embedded passives, i.e., resistors and capacitors built right into the printed circuit board substrate will be the next pivotal technology for the PCB industry, preceded by the plated thru hole in the 50s, and microvias in the 90s. Key drivers are performance, miniaturization, and cost. The average cell phone has 445 SMT passive components at a 25:1 ratio to ICs. Embedding many of these will improve performance, enable more functionality and reduce cost per function. Embedded passives are not limited to cell phones, many other applications will benefit from improved performance. Several materials are commercially available today and many new materials are in development.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "SMT industry"
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Hadorn, JC, und Daniel Zenhäusern. Collection of documents prepared along the Task for industry and market. IEA SHC Task 60, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task60-2020-0008.
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This report gathers all documents and links to information that Task 60 has produced over the course of the 3 years of the Task to promote its activities and the PVT technologies. It is a track of the communication of the Task also helpful for future Task set up.
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Schram, Edward, Niels Hintzen, Jurgen Batsleer, Tony Wilkes, Katinka Bleeker, Morgane Amelot, Wouter van Broekhoven et al. Industry survey turbot and brill in the North Sea : Set up and results of a fisheries-independent survey using commercial fishing vessels 2018-2020. IJmuiden: Wageningen Marine Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/544588.
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Kumar, Indraneel, Lionel Beaulieu, Annie Cruz-Porter, Chun Song, Benjamin St. Germain und Andrey Zhalnin. An Assessment of the Workforce and Occupations in the Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction Industries in Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315018.
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This project explores workforce and occupations within the highway, street, and bridge construction industries (NAICS 237310) in Indiana. There are five specific deliverable comprised of three data reports, one policy document, and a website. The first data report includes an assessment of the workforce based on the eight-part framework, which are industry, occupations, job postings, hard-to-fill jobs, Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP), GAP Analysis, compatibility, and automation. The report defines a cluster followed by a detailed analysis of the occupations, skills, job postings, etc., in the NAICS 237310 industry in Indiana. The report makes use of specialized labor market databases, such as the Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI), CHMURA JobsEQ, etc. The analysis is based only on the jobs covered under the unemployment insurance or the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. The second data report analyzes jobs to jobs flows to and from the construction industry in Indiana, with a particular emphasis on the Great Recession, by utilizing the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data. The third data report looks into the equal employment opportunity or Section 1391 and 1392 data for Indiana and analyzes specific characteristics of that data. The policy report includes a set of recommendations for workforce development for INDOT and a summary of the three data reports. The key data on occupations within the NAICS 237310 are provided in an interactive website. The website provides a data dashboard for individual INDOT Districts. The policy document recommends steps for development of the highways, streets and bridges construction workforce in INDOT Districts.
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Duque, Earl, Steve Legensky, Brad Whitlock, David Rogers, Andrew Bauer, Scott Imlay, David Thompson und Seiji Tsutsumi. Summary of the SciTech 2020 Technical Panel on In Situ/In Transit Computational Environments for Visualization and Data Analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40887.
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At the AIAA SciTech 2020 conference, the Meshing, Visualization and Computational Environments Technical Committee hosted a special technical panel on In Situ/In Transit Computational Environments for Visualization and Data Analytics. The panel brought together leading experts from industry, software vendors, Department of Energy, Department of Defense and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). In situ and in transit methodologies enable Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations to avoid the excessive overhead associated with data I/O at large scales especially as simulations scale to millions of processors. These methods either share the data analysis/visualization pipelines with the memory space of the solver or efficiently off load the workload to alternate processors. Using these methods, simulations can scale and have the promise of enabling the community to satisfy the Knowledge Extraction milestones as envisioned by the CFD Vision 2030 study for "on demand analysis/visualization of a 100 Billion point unsteady CFD simulation". This paper summarizes the presentations providing a discussion point of how the community can achieve the goals set forth in the CFD Vision 2030.
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Mracek Dietrich, Anna, und Ravi Rajamani. Unsettled Issues Regarding the Certification of Electric Aircraft. SAE International, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021007.
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The aerospace industry is beginning to grapple with the reality of certifying electric aircraft (EA), signaling the maturing of the field. Many players are ramping up their activities to respond to imminent technical, safety, and regulatory requirements. While there are gaps in EA knowledge as well as the processes for certifying them, some leading standards development organizations (SDOs) such as SAE International, ASTM International, and RTCA—ably supported by representatives from regulatory agencies—are stepping in to address many of these issues. Of special importance are the new rule changes in the normal category (14 CFR Part 23, Amendment 64) that shift from a prescriptive philosophy to “performance-based rules.” Regarding system knowledge, there has been a trend in the use electrical energy to power systems that have long employed mechanical hydraulics. In the new EA paradigm, these components will be employed at criticality levels not previously witnessed in conventional aircraft, calling for a specific set of certification demands. Unsettled Issues Regarding the Certification of Electric Aircraft tackles the certification challenges faced by EA manufacturers in both the small (normal) and large (transport) categories, addressing technical, business, and process issues.
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Orr, Kyla, Ali McKnight, Kathryn Logan und Hannah Ladd-Jones. Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package 7 final report engagement with inshore fisheries to promote and inform. Herausgegeben von Mark James. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23453.
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[Extract from Executive Summary] This report documents Work Package 7 of the Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data Systems (SIFIDS) Project, which was designed to facilitate engagement with the key stakeholders including; inshore fishers, their representative bodies, Regional Inshore Fisheries Groups, Marine Scotland including Policy, Compliance and Science. The SIFIDS Project focused on 12 metre and under inshore fisheries vessels, of which around 1,500 are registered in Scotland including those that work part-time or seasonally. The facilitation team was set various targets for engagement based on the requirements of other work packages. The success of the overall project was dependent to a significant extent on securing voluntary engagement and input from working fishers. Previous experience has shown that having a dedicated project facilitation team is an extremely effective model for establishing the necessary trust to encourage industry-participation in projects such as this. The WP7 facilitation team comprised three individuals who have significant marine and fisheries related experience and wide-ranging skills in communications and stakeholder engagement. They worked together flexibly on a part-time basis, ensuring staffing cover over extended hours where required to match fishers’ availability and geographical coverage over Scotland.
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Tidd, Alexander N., Richard A. Ayers, Grant P. Course und Guy R. Pasco. Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): work package 6 final report development of a pilot relational data resource for the collation and interpretation of inshore fisheries data. Herausgegeben von Mark James und Hannah Ladd-Jones. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23452.
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[Extract from Executive Summary] The competition for space from competing sectors in the coastal waters of Scotland has never been greater and thus there is a growing a need for interactive seascape planning tools that encompass all marine activities. Similarly, the need to gather data to inform decision makers, especially in the fishing industry, has become essential to provide advice on the economic impact on fishing fleets both in terms of alternative conservation measures (e.g. effort limitations, temporal and spatial closures) as well as the overlap with other activities, thereby allowing stakeholders to derive a preferred option. The SIFIDS project was conceived to allow the different relevant data sources to be identified and to allow these data to be collated in one place, rather than as isolated data sets with multiple data owners. The online interactive tool developed as part of the project (Work Package 6) brought together relevant data sets and developed data storage facilities and a user interface to allow various types of user to view and interrogate the data. Some of these data sets were obtained as static layers which could sit as background data e.g. substrate type, UK fishing limits; whilst other data came directly from electronic monitoring systems developed as part of the SIFIDS project. The main non-static data source was Work Package 2, which was collecting data from a sample of volunteer inshore fishing vessels (<12m). This included data on location; time; vessel speed; count, time and position of deployment of strings of creels (or as fleets and pots as they are also known respectively); and a count of how many creels were hauled on these strings. The interactive online tool allowed all the above data to be collated in a specially designed database and displayed in near real time on the web-based application.
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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten und Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, Juli 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.
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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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Quinn, Meghan. Geotechnical effects on fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41325.
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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a fiber optic sensing system that is used for vibration monitoring. At a minimum, DAS is composed of a fiber optic cable and an optic analyzer called an interrogator. The oil and gas industry has used DAS for over a decade to monitor infrastructure such as pipelines for leaks, and in recent years changes in DAS performance over time have been observed for DAS arrays that are buried in the ground. This dissertation investigates the effect that soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, time in-situ, and vehicle loading have on DAS performance for fiber optic cables buried in soil. This was accomplished through a field testing program involving two newly installed DAS arrays. For the first installation, a new portion of DAS array was added to an existing DAS array installed a decade prior. The new portion of the DAS array was installed in four different soil types: native fill, sand, gravel, and an excavatable flowable fill. Soil moisture and temperature sensors were buried adjacent to the fiber optic cable to monitor seasonal environmental changes over time. Periodic impact testing was performed at set locations along the DAS array for over one year. A second, temporary DAS array was installed to test the effect of vehicle loading on DAS performance. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the DAS response was used for all the tests to evaluate the system performance. The results of the impact testing program indicated that the portions of the array in gravel performed more consistently over time. Changes in soil moisture or soil temperature did not appear to affect DAS performance. The results also indicated that time DAS performance does change somewhat over time. Performance variance increased in new portions of array in all material types through time. The SNR in portions of the DAS array in native silty sand material dropped slightly, while the SNR in portions of the array in sand fill and flowable fill material decreased significantly over time. This significant change in performance occurred while testing halted from March 2020 to August 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These significant changes in performance were observed in the new portion of test bed, while the performance of the prior installation remained consistent. It may be that, after some time in-situ, SNR in a DAS array will reach a steady state. Though it is unfortunate that testing was on pause while changes in DAS performance developed, the observed changes emphasize the potential of DAS to be used for infrastructure change-detection monitoring. In the temporary test bed, increasing vehicle loads were observed to increase DAS performance, although there was considerable variability in the measured SNR. The significant variation in DAS response is likely due to various industrial activities on-site and some disturbance to the array while on-boarding and off-boarding vehicles. The results of this experiment indicated that the presence of load on less than 10% of an array channel length may improve DAS performance. Overall, this dissertation provides guidance that can help inform the civil engineering community with respect to installation design recommendations related to DAS used for infrastructure monitoring.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.