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Dissertationen zum Thema „Složení společenstev“
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1
ŽIŠKOVÁ, Eva. „Analýza pigmentového složení přírodních společenstev sladkovodních fotosyntetických mikroorganismů“. Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-51469.
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The aim of this study was to use pigments to determine freshwater phytoplankton composition . The samples were collected from freshwater lakes in the Czech Republic and Germany. The pigment analyses were conducted using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC data were processed by computer program CHEMTAX to calculate the composition of phytoplankton. The obtained pigment data were compared with standard light microscopy which was used to obtain more detailed taxonomic resolution.
2
Plišťáková, Lucie. „Složení planktonních společenstev a kvalita vody Pístovického rybníka“. Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-190822.
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This work focuses on changes in the composition of planktonic communities and water quality in the Pístovice pond. Samples were collected and monitored throughout the year. They were collected at the same locations everytime, mostly at the same time, one month apart. Then Theky were processed subsequently in a chemical laboratory at the Faculty of Agronomy, Institute of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and beekeeping. The results show us the composition of planktonic communities (phytoplankton and zooplankton) and their representation and changes during the year. At the same time we can find out the chemical composition of the monitored parameters and their progress and final water quality. These changes are closely related to the change of temperature in the area and subsequently changed one parameter affects the second and the closely related and the composition and representation of individual planktonic communities. The works conclusion is that the chemical parameter values of Pístovice pond water including the composition and representation of planktonic communities fall within the typical values of the chemistry of our stagnant water and ponds.
3
Matušová, Martina. „Změny ve složení společenstev slunéček podél výškového gradientu“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342678.
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Ladybugs are often used in biological control, because of their predatory way of life and potential ability to control many insect pests. So far, a number of studies was performed on this family, on their hunting strategies, other life history strategies, population dynamics, dependence of their distribution in time and space on the abundance of prey etc. However, the temporal changes in species composition and relative or absolute abundance of ladybugs were not yet examined along an altitudinal gradient. This is why I have focused my work on these dependencies. I tested the following hypothesis: overwintering sites in Coccinellidae are usually located at lower altitudes, where the individuals eventually attack their prey on the earliest budding trees; as season goes on, ladybugs follow the trends in environmental conditions and food and move to higher located sites; at the end of the season, ladybugs return back to their overwintering sites. In the research area in the Beskydy Mountains, 12 experimental sites were selected, evenly spaced along an elevational gradient of 350-482 m above sea level at each location. During the season, 12 measurements at two-week intervals were performed, each containing 2x300 sweeps. A total of 3064 of ladybug individuals were collected, belonging to 11 species. The...
4
Máslo, Petr. „Faktory ovlivňující složení hmyzích společenstev na malých mršinách“. Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348344.
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This thesis describes invertebrate community on cadavers of small mammals, in particulat how cadaver size influences abundace, density, species richness and composition of the necrobiont community. Cadaver size preference of present insects is also described. Field experiments were performed in 2014 in meadow habitats in spring, summer and autumn season. Cadavers were chosen in three weight groups: mice (20 g), small rats (100 g) and large rats (400 - 500 g). Invertebrate abundance increases with cadaver mass, density of the community remains constant. Larger cadavers also have higher species richness. Most dominant ecological guild are necrophages, represented mosty by blow flies (Calliphoridae). Cadaver size preference of recorded insects differ, necrophagous and predatory taxa tend to prefer larger cadavers. Omnivorous carrion beetles (Silphidae: Nicrophorus) prefer small cadavers. Sex of the carrion beetles (Silphidae) does not affect their cadaver size preference, males and females of particular species have very similar preferences. Keywords Ephemeral resource patch, cadaver, necrobiont, size, abundace, diversity, competition, insect communities
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Hylák, Tomáš. „Kvalita vody a složení planktonních společenstev vodní nádrže Opatovice“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-178997.
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The aim of the diploma thesis was a seven month research at the valley waterworks reservoir called Opatovice by Vyškov na Moravě. Taking of the water samples was carried out once a month from two sampling places, which were located on the leeward and windward sides. On the same day these water samples were analyzed at the Fishery and Hydrobiology Department of the Mendel Univerzity in Brno, where there were determined physical and chemical parameters of water, quantitative and qualitative content of the plankton associations. The results were compared with my bachelor thesis: The Development of the Quality of Water in the waterworks reservoir Opatovice, with the results from the previous years, which were provided by the Water Supply and Sewerage company, plc in Vyškov, with the valid legislation of the Czech Republic and with selected waterworks reservoirs situated in the south Moravian region.
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Průchová, Pavla. „Složení a aktivita mikrobiálních společenstev v půdě kontaminované těžkými kovy“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332410.
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The thesis focuses on studying changes of microbial communities living in the soil contaminated by heavy metals. Two sites with different degree of contamination were selected in the Příbram area. Respiration was measured in vitro in the soil samples supplemented with various carbon sources and different concentration of cadmium. The respiration showed that even at cadmium concentration of 1000 mg.kg-1 the community is viable and capable of utilization of substrates while increasing the respiration rate. Enviromental DNA from soil samples was isolated and 16S rRNA gene of actinobacteria was amplified. The terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed a clear difference between the profiles of both sites. The shifts in the community profiles were observed also after the addition of substrates. The quantification of total bacteria and actinobacteria was performed by quantitative PCR based on amplification of part of the 16S rRNA gene. The more contaminated site contained slightly more bacteria, but almost twice the actinobacteria than the less contaminated one. The sequencing of amplicons of a part of 16S rRNA gene by Illumina showed an increase in proportion of actinobacteria and changes of their community structure in the more contaminated site. The conclusion was made that, high...
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ŠLANCAROVÁ, Jana. „Vliv heterogenity krajiny na složení lokálních společenstev: Motýli ve stepních rezervacích jižní Moravy“. Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-55192.
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This thesis aims to answer the question whether heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes affects the richness of species, and looks at community composition of butterflies inhabiting 38 insular steppe grassland reserves situated in Southern Moravia, Czech Republic, using quantitative butterfly records and digitised data on landscape composition within the reserves and in surrounding perimeters.
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ŠLANCAROVÁ, Jana. „Vliv heterogenity krajiny na složení lokálních společenstev: Motýli ve stepních rezervacích jižní Moravy“. Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-86206.
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VÍTOVÁ, Alena. „Schopnost šíření a uchycování rostlin a jejich vliv na druhové složení lučních společenstev“. Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262716.
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Mechanisms maintaining species diversity in managed meadows are not still well understood. To assess the effect of several important factors on species composition of meadow communities, species regeneration abilities were studied in the course of several years. The research was based on manipulative experiments, where species establishment and survival in seed addition experiments as well as during natural regeneration was observed. By comparison of species establishment in intact and disturbed vegetation, effect of dispersal limitation, abiotic conditions and competition was assessed as well as regeneration ability of different functional groups.
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TENČÍK, Aleš. „Vliv pastvy na diverzitu mechorostů společenstev suchých trávníků v CHKO Český kras“. Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376287.
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Dry grassland are among the most endangered plant communities mainly due to the overgrowth of a number of localities. That is why from the beginning of the 21st century pasture with mixed herds of sheep and goats is restored on the most valuable dry grassland sites in the Bohemian Karst as the way of maintaining these habitats. Concurrently, research sites each 1x1 m in size were set up at four pastured localities, and were paired with control sites equipped with a fence for the research of grazing effect on vegetation. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of grazing on the diversity of bryophytes at the forty pairs of the above-mentioned areas in three types of calcareous dry grasslands. In addition to the inventory of bryophytes, data on the most important abiotic and biotic factors of the environment were recorded on individual sites. The total number of bryophyte species found at the research sites is 46. 37 species were found at the grazing areas and the same number was at the fenced areas. Minimal differences in the number of species of grazed and unspoilt areas were also found in the comparison of individual localities. The grazing effect was shown up more significantly on species richness in the comparison of individual types of communities, especially in broad-leaved dry grassland (T3.4). There was a 40% increase in the number of species on grazing areas. The environmental factors have a positive effect on the species abundance mainly due to the higher slope of the terrain and the correlation with the larger occurrence of the stones, the smaller coverage of the herb layer and the litter. These conditions prevailed in areas with rock outcrop vegetation with Festuca pallens (T3.1), where the largest species richness of bryophytes in area was found. In the obtained data, the influence of grazing on the species composition of bryophytes on grazed and unspoilt areas was also assessed with the statistical methods and the Sörensen test of beta-diversity. The results show that grazing significantly influences the species composition towards open grassland and supports the growth of the bryophytes T3.1 plant community at the expense of the T3.4 plant community
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Zývalová, Jana. „Vliv buku lesního a smrku ztepilého na zastoupení nízkomolekulárních organických kyselin a složení mikrobiálních společenstev v lesních půdách“. Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368939.
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Locations of interest for this diploma thesis are located in the Jizera Mountains and represent forest soils developed on acidic rocks (porfyric granite). The sites are tens of meters apart, making sure that all the abiotic conditions affecting the soil-forming process are very similar. The only significant difference between the localities is the species composition of the overstorey vegetation. On one site there is only the European beech (Fagus sylvatica), on the other only the Norway spruce (Picea abies). At both locations, soil samples were taken from each horizon L-B in which basic soil parameters and elemental contents (active and exchangeable soil reactions, moisture, cation exchange capacity, basic saturation, dissolved organic carbon and others) were analyzed. The low molecular mass organic acids were determined by ion-exchange chromatography. The bacterial phyla in the soil were calculated based on the Illumina sequencing to which preceded DNA isolation and quantitative PCR. Based on the results of the analyzes, the monitored soils were characterized as acidic with an unsaturated to strongly unsaturated soil sorption complex. Between the beech and spruce stands, differences in the contents of some water-extractable elements and the exchangeable elements (Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Al) and moisture...
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SOLDÁNOVÁ, Miroslava. „Složení a struktura společenstev larválních stádií motolic v modelových druzích sladkovodních plžů v eutrofních prostředích ve střední Evropě“. Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54538.
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This work applies advanced sampling (mark-release-recapture) and comparative approaches addressing the patterns in composition, structure and variability of larval trematode communities in three species of gastropod molluscs (Lymnaea stagnalis, Planorbarius corneus and Radix auricularia) at two nested scales of community organisation in typical Central European eutrophic environments. Hypothesis-testing with the application of null-model analyses, logistic regression modelling and multivariate randomisation techniques, revealed determinants of transmission rates, levels of infection and community structure in freshwater snail hosts in Central Europe and elucidated the mechanisms linking the spatial and temporal environmental variability with the action of complex community assembly rules in freshwater pulmonate snails.
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Růžičková, Anna. „Studium druhové bohatosti a složení společenstev mechorostů na velmi malé prostorové škále v souvislosti s in situ měřeným mikroklimatem“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445969.
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The life of bryophytes is closely connected with their surrounding environment. Changes in atmospheric conditions on the microscale directly affect the physiological functions of bryophytes, which in turn determine their distribution. The current development of technologies allows us to measure the microclimate affecting bryophytes directly in the field. Nevertheless, there have not been many studies published examining the response of bryophytes to in situ measured microclimate. This diploma thesis is one of the first in Europe to provide data from continuous field microclimatic measurement performed on a scale relevant to bryophytes. It deals with the influence of the microclimate on the bryophyte species richness and community composition within a single gorge in the Bohemian Switzerland National Park. For 17 months, 38 HOBO Pro v2 Onset dataloggers were recording air temperature and air humidity 10 cm above the ground. I performed detailed bryological survey on two differently sized plots (circle with a radius of 1 or 2 m) around each of the dataloggers. The microclimate is influenced by the topography and character of the vegetation, therefore I derived topographical data from a digital terrain model (resolution of 1 m), calculated the canopy openness using hemispherical photographs and...
14
BOHÁČOVÁ, Lucie. „Vliv vybraných společenstev pastevního porostu na množství mléka se zaměřením na spektrum mastných kyselin v tuku mléka“. Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85088.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pasture and pasture vegetation composition on the milk yield and milk fat and protein content in the Czech Fleckvieh cattle kept in the less favorable areas (LFA) during the years 2007 ? 2009. These pasture characteristics were observed: pasture quality defined by the chemical composition of herbage groups, determination and rate of dominant grass types, clover types and herbs and the height of pasture vegetation. Next, the fatty acids spectrum in the milk was analyzed and the effect of forage and grain supplements on the milk fat composition was confirmed.
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VÍTOVÁ, Alena. „Je druhové složení lučního společenstva omezeno šiřitelností semen druhů?“ Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45861.
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HRUBÁ, Karolína. „Vybrané aspekty vlivu bezobratlých herbivorů na složení travinného společenstva“. Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-375342.
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The first part of my thesis is focused on observation of the leaf damage by invertebrate herbivores during season. I examined how the selected traits affect the palatability of plant species. In the next project, I investigated the effect of herbivory and gaps on seedling establishment. And finally, in the last part, I studied the effect of herbivory of terrestrial gastropods on competitive relationships among selected species.
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Černá, Kristýna. „Vliv pancířníků na složení společenstva hub v opadu borovice lesní“. Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306664.
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4 Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether oribatid mites affect the variety of fungi in litter of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and if the dispersibility of fungi particles is related to oribatid mite species. To this end, I have prepared several semi-natural systems, in which I observed dispersion of fungi separately and in the presence of two oribatid mite species: Phthiracarus sp. and Adoristes ovatus. I assessed the experiment in two ways, by a cultivation of washed needles on agar medium and direct observation of needles under a binocular magnifier. In the next part of this study I isolated particles of fungi present on the surface and in the faeces of oribatid mites Adoristes ovatus, Porobelba spinosa and Spatiodamaeus verticillipes and compared it with the respective oribatid mite species. The most frequent needles fungi spread by oribatid mites were Oidiodendron maius var. maius, Oidiodendron muniellense, Oidiodendron setiferum, Umbelopsis ramanniana, Mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis and Mortierella hyalina. On the mites body surface the most commonly recorded fungi were Beauveria bassiana, Umbelopsis ramanniana, Cladosporium cladosporioides s.l., Cladosporium herbarum s.l. and unknown species of the genus Penicillium. Fungi species Acrodontium crateriforme, Umbelopsis ramanniana and...
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Voříšková, Alena. „Fungování arbuskulární mykorhizy ve vztahu ke složení společenstva hub a podmínkám prostředí“. Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-398621.
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, a widespread plant-fungal relationship, is based on reciprocal resource exchange. The functioning of this fragile relationship balances on the scale from mutualism to parasitism, depending on the specific context. The thesis aims to interlink the functioning of AM symbiosis both with the composition of AM fungal communities and with different abiotic conditions. The thesis is divided into a methodological and a factual part and consists of three publications and one manuscript. All experiments were conducted in greenhouse conditions with medic (Medicago sp.) as host plant. Host plants were inoculated with single AM fungal species in Paper I and II, and with a synthetic AM fungal community of five species in Paper III and IV. The host plant identity, the amount of phosphorus (P) in substrate and the type of substrate played an important role for the achievement of mutualistic AM symbiosis, as demonstrated in Paper I. Paper II showed that mitochondrial and nuclear qPCR markers can be used alternatively for the quantification of particular AM fungal species. However, intraradical fungal biomass was better related to copy numbers of nuclear DNA than of mitochondrial DNA. The functioning of AM symbiosis was modulated by the availability of P, light and water,...
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Burešová, Andrea. „Složení a aktivita mikrobiálního společenstva během rozkladu rostlinného opadu na dvou kontrastních lokalitách“. Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-331213.
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Decomposition of organic matter in soil is influenced by abiotic and biotic factors and their role is different depending on site, organic substrate and its decomposition phase. Soil microbial community influences soil organic decomposition process in a different way, which is manifested, for example, by changes of microbial abundance and production of extracellular enzymes. The thesis aimed in determining relationship of two main soil microbial decomposers groups - fungi and actinobacteria in decomposition processes in situ. The impact of selected factors on decomposition processes were determined by experiment with litterbags, which were filled with litter of plant with different properties. Astragalus exscapus from the Fabaceae family contains high amounts of nitrogen in the tissues, Fagus sylvatica contains high amounts of carbon and lignin and Carex humilis has less carbon in the tissues than Fagus sylvatica falling in tissue element composition between Astragalus exscapus and Fagus sylvatica. Litterbags with three plant species were put under a litter layer at both contrasting sites. Litterbags and samples of soil were collected every two months during the years 2011-2012. Each litterbag was weighted, DNA was isolated from litter and soil samples and analyses of quantitative real time PCR...
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Stachová, Sandra. „Vliv dominantní dřeviny a zrnitosti substrátu na složení mikrobiálního společenstva studovaného pomocí PLFA“. Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343110.
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The aim of the thesis was to analyze soil microbial communities of three ecologically different locations, about 25 years old, forestry reclaimed dumps in the Republic of Poland, namely dumps of brown coal mine Bełchatów and sand mines Piaseczno and Szczakowa. I evaluated the degree of dependence of structure and composition of these communities on various substrate grain sizes and the influence of the dominant tree species. These were stands of birch (Betula pendula), pine (Pinus silvestris), oak (Quercus robur) and alder (Alnus glutinosa). Analysis of soil microbial communities was made by evaluating specific phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) of microorganisms. It is the most appropriate way to implement the relatively rapid analysis of large numbers of samples, since PLFA are easily extractable and act as biomarkers indicating the presence of a number of different microorganisms (fungi, G- and G + bacteria, Actinobacteria, etc.) and thus allowing a qualitative and quantitative assessment of whole microbial communities. PLFA analysis enables to detect a total concentration of PLFA only in living soil microbial biomass. I analyzed 66 soil samples, 33 from an Oe layer and 33 from an A layer, every in three replications, i.e. three replications were collected at each location below each tree...
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HAVLIŠOVÁ, Tereza. „Složení společenstva bakterioplanktonu v závislosti na kompozici fytoplanktonu v období jeho jarního vrcholu“. Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54465.
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Over the period of the spring phytoplankton bloom (March-May 2009), an intensive sampling program was conducted at 2 sampling depths (0.5 m and 1% PAR) located at lacustrine zone of the canyon-shaped, meso-eutrophic Římov reservoir (Czech Republic). Changes in the production and community dynamics of epilimnetic bacterioplankton, studied by means of group-specific rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes, were related to shifts in composition and activity of phytoplankton, and to remarkable changes in total protistan bacterivory. It was documented that particular groups of bacterioplankton responded differently to: (i) major shifts in phytoplankton composition and its activity and to (ii) changes in overall protozoan grazing pressure.
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KALINOVÁ, Karolína. „Vliv intenzity hospodaření a biotopové struktury na ptačí společenstva v zemědělské krajině“. Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-375306.
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The thesis presents data from bird monitoring, carried out in agricultural landscape in borderland of Southern Moravia (Czech republic) and Lower Austria (Austria). Relations among habitats and bird species richness and abundance are studied and data from both countries compared.