Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Slice Orchestration“
Um die anderen Arten von Veröffentlichungen zu diesem Thema anzuzeigen, folgen Sie diesem Link: Slice Orchestration.
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Zeitschriftenartikel für die Forschung zum Thema "Slice Orchestration" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Zeitschriftenartikel für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
1
Srinivasan, Thiruvenkadam, Sujitha Venkatapathy, Han-Gue Jo und In-Ho Ra. „VNF-Enabled 5G Network Orchestration Framework for Slice Creation, Isolation and Management“. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 12, Nr. 5 (13.09.2023): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan12050065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Network slicing is widely regarded as the most critical technique for allocating network resources to varied user needs in 5G networks. A Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are two extensively used strategies for slicing the physical infrastructure according to use cases. The most efficient use of virtual networks is realized by the application of optimal resource allocation algorithms. Numerous research papers on 5G network resource allocation focus on network slicing or on the best resource allocation for the sliced network. This study uses network slicing and optimal resource allocation to achieve performance optimization using requirement-based network slicing. The proposed approach includes three phases: (1) Slice Creation by Machine Learning methods (SCML), (2) Slice Isolation through Resource Allocation (SIRA) of requests via a multi-criteria decision-making approach, and (3) Slice Management through Resource Transfer (SMART). We receive a set of Network Service Requests (NSRs) from users. After receiving the NSRs, the SCML is used to form slices, and SIRA and SMART are used to allocate resources to these slices. Accurately measuring the acceptance ratio and resource efficiency helps to enhance overall performance. The simulation results show that the SMART scheme can dynamically change the resource allocation according to the test conditions. For a range of network situations and Network Service Requests (NSRs), the performance benefit is studied. The findings of the simulation are compared to those of the literature in order to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed work.
2
Direito, Rafael, Daniel Gomes, João Alegria, Daniel Corujo und Diogo Gomes. „NetOr: A Microservice Oriented Inter-Domain Vertical Service Orchestrator for 5G Networks“. Journal of Internet Services and Applications 14, Nr. 1 (12.09.2023): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/jisa.2023.3207.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Most modern 5G Vertical Service Orchestrators present various limitations. Among these, one may high-light (i) the employment of monolithic architectures, (ii) the lack of standardized APIs and methodologies, (iii) the minimum support for inter-domain scenarios, and (iv) the impossibility of performing run-time operations over Vertical Services. To achieve a fully-fledged Vertical Service Orchestrator, these problems must be solved. This is the focus of the work presented in this article. Our work presents a new 5G Vertical Service orchestration system named NetOr, which tackles all the listed limitations and can support complex and intricate use cases. NetOr was implemented according to a microservice architecture. Thus, it has increased flexibility, scalability, and maintainability. Moreover, NetOr inherited most advantages of the modern Vertical Service Orchestrators and, therefore, can be considered an improvement of said orchestrators. Furthermore, this work also presents a Proof-of-Concept solution to achieve inter-domain communication through the orchestration of an End-To-End Network Slice that establishes several VPN tunnels between the domains encompassed by the Network Slice.
3
Barbosa, Raul, João Fonseca, Marco Araújo und Daniel Corujo. „Vinia: Voice-enabled intent-based networking for industrial automation“. Computer Science and Information Systems, Nr. 00 (2024): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis230213002b.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Intent Based Networking (IBN) is a promising approach for automating and managing large and complex networks. Integrating Voice-enabled Virtual Assistants (VVAs) with IBN and Software Defined Networking (SDN) has improved network management efficiency and flexibility. However, there is still room for optimization improvement in installing intents in industrial scenarios. Network Orchestration Automation plays an important role within the Beyond 5G and 6G Networks, considering existing practices for orchestrating 5G Network Functions. This work presents an extended preliminary architecture for a voice-enabled IBN system called VINIA for industrial network automation. The new approach allows the configuration of more network assets (e.g., 5G networks), leveraging Network Orchestrators and Network Slice Managers, thus improving the system?s capabilities. The results provide insights into this solution?s potential benefits and limitations to enhance the automation of industrial networks? management and orchestration procedures.
4
Chang, Chia-Yu, Navid Nikaein, Osama Arouk, Kostas Katsalis, Adlen Ksentini, Thierry Turletti und Konstantinos Samdanis. „Slice Orchestration for Multi-Service Disaggregated Ultra-Dense RANs“. IEEE Communications Magazine 56, Nr. 8 (August 2018): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2018.1701044.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
5
Chen, Xianfu, Zhifeng Zhao, Celimuge Wu, Mehdi Bennis, Hang Liu, Yusheng Ji und Honggang Zhang. „Multi-Tenant Cross-Slice Resource Orchestration: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach“. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 37, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2019): 2377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2933893.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
6
Fernandez, Vidal und Valera. „Enabling the Orchestration of IoT Slices through Edge and Cloud Microservice Platforms“. Sensors 19, Nr. 13 (05.07.2019): 2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132980.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This article addresses one of the main challenges related to the practical deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions: the coordinated operation of entities at different infrastructures to support the automated orchestration of end-to-end Internet of Things services. This idea is referred to as “Internet of Things slicing” and is based on the network slicing concept already defined for the Fifth Generation (5G) of mobile networks. In this context, we present the architectural design of a slice orchestrator addressing the aforementioned challenge, based on well-known standard technologies and protocols. The proposed solution is able to integrate existing technologies, like cloud computing, with other more recent technologies like edge computing and network slicing. In addition, a functional prototype of the proposed orchestrator has been implemented, using open-source software and microservice platforms. As a first step to prove the practical feasibility of our solution, the implementation of the orchestrator considers cloud and edge domains. The validation results obtained from the prototype prove the feasibility of the solution from a functional perspective, verifying its capacity to deploy Internet of Things related functions even on resource constrained platforms. This approach enables new application models where these Internet of Things related functions can be onboarded on small unmanned aerial vehicles, offering a flexible and cost-effective solution to deploy these functions at the network edge. In addition, this proposal can also be used on commercial cloud platforms, like the Google Compute Engine, showing that it can take advantage of the benefits of edge and cloud computing respectively.
7
Dandachi, Ghina, Antonio De Domenico, Dinh Thai Hoang und Dusit Niyato. „An Artificial Intelligence Framework for Slice Deployment and Orchestration in 5G Networks“. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking 6, Nr. 2 (Juni 2020): 858–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tccn.2019.2952882.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
8
Tam, Prohim, Seyha Ros, Inseok Song und Seokhoon Kim. „QoS-Driven Slicing Management for Vehicular Communications“. Electronics 13, Nr. 2 (10.01.2024): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13020314.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Network slicing is introduced for elastically instantiating logical network infrastructure isolation to support different application types with diversified quality of service (QoS) class indicators. In particular, vehicular communications are a trending area that consists of massive mission-critical applications in the range of safety-critical, intelligent transport systems, and on-board infotainment. Slicing management can be achieved if the network infrastructure has computing sufficiency, a dynamic control policy, elastic resource virtualization, and cross-tier orchestration. To support the functionality of slicing management, incorporating core network infrastructure with deep learning and reinforcement learning has become a hot topic for researchers and practitioners in analyzing vehicular traffic/resource patterns before orchestrating the steering policies. In this paper, we propose QoS-driven management by considering (edge) resource block utilization, scheduling, and slice instantiation in a three-tier resource placement, namely, small base stations/access points, macro base stations, and core networks. The proposed scheme integrates recurrent neural networks to trigger hidden states of resource availability and predict the output of QoS. The intelligent agent and slice controller, namely, RDQ3N, gathers the resource states from three-tier observations and optimizes the action on allocation and scheduling algorithms. Experiments are conducted on both physical and virtual representational vehicle-to-everything (V2X) environments; furthermore, service requests are set to massive thresholds for rendering V2X congestion flow entries.
9
Shariat, Mehrdad, Ömer Bulakci, Antonio De Domenico, Christian Mannweiler, Marco Gramaglia, Qing Wei, Aravinthan Gopalasingham et al. „A Flexible Network Architecture for 5G Systems“. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (11.02.2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5264012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In this paper, we define a flexible, adaptable, and programmable architecture for 5G mobile networks, taking into consideration the requirements, KPIs, and the current gaps in the literature, based on three design fundamentals: (i) split of user and control plane, (ii) service-based architecture within the core network (in line with recent industry and standard consensus), and (iii) fully flexible support of E2E slicing via per-domain and cross-domain optimisation, devising inter-slice control and management functions, and refining the behavioural models via experiment-driven optimisation. The proposed architecture model further facilitates the realisation of slices providing specific functionality, such as network resilience, security functions, and network elasticity. The proposed architecture consists of four different layers identified as network layer, controller layer, management and orchestration layer, and service layer. A key contribution of this paper is the definition of the role of each layer, the relationship between layers, and the identification of the required internal modules within each of the layers. In particular, the proposed architecture extends the reference architectures proposed in the Standards Developing Organisations like 3GPP and ETSI, by building on these while addressing several gaps identified within the corresponding baseline models. We additionally present findings, the design guidelines, and evaluation studies on a selected set of key concepts identified to enable flexible cloudification of the protocol stack, adaptive network slicing, and inter-slice control and management.
10
Wichary, Tomasz, Jordi Mongay Batalla, Constandinos X. Mavromoustakis, Jerzy Żurek und George Mastorakis. „Network Slicing Security Controls and Assurance for Verticals“. Electronics 11, Nr. 2 (11.01.2022): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020222.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This paper focuses on the security challenges of network slice implementation in 5G networks. We propose that network slice controllers support security by enabling security controls at different network layers. The slice controller orchestrates multilevel domains with resources at a very high level but needs to understand how to define the resources at lower levels. In this context, the main outstanding security challenge is the compromise of several resources in the presence of an attack due to weak resource isolation at different levels. We analysed the current standards and trends directed to mitigate the vulnerabilities mentioned above, and we propose security controls and classify them by efficiency and applicability (easiness to develop). Security controls are a common way to secure networks, but they enforce security policies only in respective areas. Therefore, the security domains allow for structuring the orchestration principles by considering the necessary security controls to be applied. This approach is common for both vendor-neutral and vendor-dependent security solutions. In our classification, we considered the controls in the following fields: (i) fair resource allocation with dynamic security assurance, (ii) isolation in a multilayer architecture and (iii) response to DDoS attacks without service and security degradation.
11
Kevin B. Costa, Felipe S. Dantas Silva, Douglas B. Maciel, Charles H. F. Santos, Augusto J. V. Neto und Fabio L. Verdi. „Self-organized and fully service-automated monitoring approach at the cloud-network slice granularity“. ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 4, Nr. 2 (13.06.2023): 325–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/wmnr9875.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The cloud-network slicing concept has been established to deal with the advent of the Fifth Generation (5G) of mobile networks and its enabling technologies, thus promoting softwarization and cloudification. The Novel Enablers for Cloud Slicing (NECOS) ecosystem distinguishes itself over state of the art through the definition of slicing at both cloud and network levels and by promoting a Management and Orchestration (MANO) platform that provisions features with a self-organized and full-service automation approach across multiple federated domains. In the NECOS architecture, the Infrastructure and Monitoring Abstraction (IMA) component fetches Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) associated with the constituent parts of the active cloud-network slice instances managed by the NECOS platform. However, the design of the IMA monitoring component follows a centralized approach running at the core-cloud domain. Thus, the IMA concentrates on the monitoring data fetching function, done through interaction with measurement applications. It books all of them into a database and then forwards the incoming data for targeting management applications. Our findings in the slice monitoring state of the art study and assessments in IMA central cloud monitoring suggest that the centralized cloud approach cannot make distinct monitoring technologies compatible, besides not presenting a monitoring-as-a-service perspective that allows a self-organized and fully-service automated monitoring management scheme. In this regard, this work proposes the Distributed Infrastructure and Monitoring Abstraction (DIMA) multilevel monitoring plan. DIMA can promote monitoring as a service across an edge-cloud continuum inside the NECOS domain, enabling cloud/edge-centric and distributed monitoring schemes at the granularity of cloud-network slices' constituent parts.
12
Ros, Seyha, Prohim Tam, Inseok Song, Seungwoo Kang und Seokhoon Kim. „Handling Efficient VNF Placement with Graph-Based Reinforcement Learning for SFC Fault Tolerance“. Electronics 13, Nr. 13 (28.06.2024): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132552.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Network functions virtualization (NFV) has become the platform for decomposing the sequence of virtual network functions (VNFs), which can be grouped as a forwarding graph of service function chaining (SFC) to serve multi-service slice requirements. NFV-enabled SFC consists of several challenges in reaching the reliability and efficiency of key performance indicators (KPIs) in management and orchestration (MANO) decision-making control. The problem of SFC fault tolerance is one of the most critical challenges for provisioning service requests, and it needs resource availability. In this article, we proposed graph neural network (GNN)-based deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to enhance SFC fault tolerance (GRL-SFT), which targets the chain graph representation, long-term approximation, and self-organizing service orchestration for future massive Internet of Everything applications. We formulate the problem as the Markov decision process (MDP). DRL seeks to maximize the cumulative rewards by maximizing the service request acceptance ratios and minimizing the average completion delays. The proposed model solves the VNF management problem in a short time and configures the node allocation reliably for real-time restoration. Our simulation result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and indicates better performance in terms of total rewards, delays, acceptances, failures, and restoration ratios in different network topologies compared to reference schemes.
13
Maule, Massimiliano, John Vardakas und Christos Verikoukis. „5G RAN Slicing: Dynamic Single Tenant Radio Resource Orchestration for eMBB Traffic within a Multi-Slice Scenario“. IEEE Communications Magazine 59, Nr. 3 (März 2021): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2000770.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
14
Faas, Frank G. A., M. Cristina Avramut, Bernard M. van den Berg, A. Mieke Mommaas, Abraham J. Koster und Raimond B. G. Ravelli. „Virtual nanoscopy: Generation of ultra-large high resolution electron microscopy maps“. Journal of Cell Biology 198, Nr. 3 (06.08.2012): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201201140.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A key obstacle in uncovering the orchestration between molecular and cellular events is the vastly different length scales on which they occur. We describe here a methodology for ultrastructurally mapping regions of cells and tissue as large as 1 mm2 at nanometer resolution. Our approach employs standard transmission electron microscopy, rapid automated data collection, and stitching to create large virtual slides. It greatly facilitates correlative light-electron microscopy studies to relate structure and function and provides a genuine representation of ultrastructural events. The method is scalable as illustrated by slides up to 281 gigapixels in size. Here, we applied virtual nanoscopy in a correlative light-electron microscopy study to address the role of the endothelial glycocalyx in protein leakage over the glomerular filtration barrier, in an immunogold labeling study of internalization of oncolytic reovirus in human dendritic cells, in a cryo-electron microscopy study of intact vitrified mouse embryonic cells, and in an ultrastructural mapping of a complete zebrafish embryo slice.
15
Okello, Fred Otieno, Vitalice Oduol, Ciira Maina und Antonio Apiyo. „Improvement of 5G Core Network Performance using Network Slicing and Deep Reinforcement Learning“. International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 12, Nr. 2 (30.05.2024): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.120222.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Users have increasingly been having more use cases for the network while expecting the best Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE). The Fifth Generation of mobile telecommunications technology (5G) network had promised to satisfy most of the expectations and network slicing had been introduced in 5G to be able to satisfy various use cases. However, creating slices in a real-life environment with just the resources required while having optimized QoS has been a challenge. This has necessitated more intelligence to be required in the network and machine learning (ML) has been used recently to add the intelligence and ensure zero-touch automation. This research addresses the open question of creating slices to satisfy various use cases based on their QoS requirements, managing, and orchestrating them optimally with minimal resources while allowing the isolation of services by introducing a Deep reinforcement Machine Learning (DRL) algorithm. This research first evaluates the previous work done in improving QoS in the 5G core. 5G architecture is simulated by following the ETSI NFV MANO (European Telecommunications Standards Institute for Network Function Virtualization Management and Orchestration) framework and uses Open5G in 5G core, UERANISM for RAN, Openstack for Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM), and Tacker for Virtual Network Function Management and orchestration (VNFMO). The research simulates network slicing at the User Plane Function (UPF) level and evaluates how it has improved QoS. The network slicing function is automated by following ETSI Closed Loop Architecture and using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) by modeling the problem as a Markov Decision Problem (MDP). Throughput is the Reward for the actions of the DRL agent. Comparison is done on the impact of slicing on throughput and compares models that have not been sliced, the ones that have been sliced and combined to work together, and models with slices that have been assigned more bandwidth. Sliced networks have better throughput than the ones not sliced. If more slices are load-balanced the throughput is increased. Deep Reinforcement Learning has managed to achieve the dynamic assigning of slices to compensate for declining throughput.
16
Esmaeily, Ali, und Katina Kralevska. „Orchestrating Isolated Network Slices in 5G Networks“. Electronics 13, Nr. 8 (18.04.2024): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13081548.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Sharing resources through network slicing in a physical infrastructure facilitates service delivery to various sectors and industries. Nevertheless, ensuring security of the slices remains a significant hurdle. In this paper, we investigate the utilization of State-of-the-Art (SoA) Virtual Private Network (VPN) solutions in 5G networks to enhance security and performance when isolating slices. We deploy and orchestrate cloud-native network functions to create multiple scenarios that emulate real-life cellular networks. We evaluate the performance of the WireGuard, IPSec, and OpenVPN solutions while ensuring confidentiality and data protection within 5G network slices. The proposed architecture provides secure communication tunnels and performance isolation. Evaluation results demonstrate that WireGuard provides slice isolation in the control and data planes with higher throughput for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and lower latency for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) slices compared to IPSec and OpenVPN. Our developments show the potential of implementing WireGuard isolation, as a promising solution, for providing secure and efficient network slicing, which fulfills the 5G key performance indicator values.
17
Papadakis-Vlachopapadopoulos, Konstantinos, Ioannis Dimolitsas, Dimitrios Dechouniotis, Eirini Eleni Tsiropoulou, Ioanna Roussaki und Symeon Papavassiliou. „On Blockchain-Based Cross-Service Communication and Resource Orchestration on Edge Clouds“. Informatics 8, Nr. 1 (26.02.2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics8010013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
With the advent of 5G verticals and the Internet of Things paradigm, Edge Computing has emerged as the most dominant service delivery architecture, placing augmented computing resources in the proximity of end users. The resource orchestration of edge clouds relies on the concept of network slicing, which provides logically isolated computing and network resources. However, though there is significant progress on the automation of the resource orchestration within a single cloud or edge cloud datacenter, the orchestration of multi-domain infrastructure or multi-administrative domain is still an open challenge. Towards exploiting the network service marketplace at its full capacity, while being aligned with ETSI Network Function Virtualization architecture, this article proposes a novel Blockchain-based service orchestrator that leverages the automation capabilities of smart contracts to establish cross-service communication between network slices of different tenants. In particular, we introduce a multi-tier architecture of a Blockchain-based network marketplace, and design the lifecycle of the cross-service orchestration. For the evaluation of the proposed approach, we set up cross-service communication in an edge cloud and we demonstrate that the orchestration overhead is less than other cross-service solutions.
18
Hsiao, Chiu-Han, Yean-Fu Wen, Frank Yeong-Sung Lin, Yu-Fang Chen, Yennun Huang, Yang-Che Su und Ya-Syuan Wu. „An Optimization-Based Orchestrator for Resource Access and Operation Management in Sliced 5G Core Networks“. Sensors 22, Nr. 1 (24.12.2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Network slicing is a promising technology that network operators can deploy the services by slices with heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) requirements. However, an orchestrator for network operation with efficient slice resource provisioning algorithms is essential. This work stands on Internet service provider (ISP) to design an orchestrator analyzing the critical influencing factors, namely access control, scheduling, and resource migration, to systematically evolve a sustainable network. The scalability and flexibility of resources are jointly considered. The resource management problem is formulated as a mixed-integer programming (MIP) problem. A solution approach based on Lagrangian relaxation (LR) is proposed for the orchestrator to make decisions to satisfy the high QoS applications. It can investigate the resources required for access control within a cost-efficient resource pool and consider allocating or migrating resources efficiently in each network slice. For high system utilization, the proposed mechanisms are modeled in a pay-as-you-go manner. Furthermore, the experiment results show that the proposed strategies perform the near-optimal system revenue to meet the QoS requirement by making decisions.
19
Arnold, Paul, und Dirk von Hugo. „Future integrated communication network architectures enabling heterogeneous service provision“. Advances in Radio Science 16 (04.09.2018): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-16-59-2018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract. This paper summarizes expectations and requirements towards future converged communication systems denoted by 5th Generation (5G). Multiple research and standardization activities globally contribute to the definition and specification of an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to provide business customers and residential users with both, existing and future upcoming services which demand for higher data rates and granted performance figures in terms of QoS parameters, such as low latency and high reliability. Representative use case families are threefold and represented as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Internet of Things (mIoT), and Critical Communication, i.e. Ultra-Low Latency (ULL)/Ultra-High Reliability (UHR). To deploy and operate a dedicated network for each service or use case separately would raise the expenses and service costs to an unduly high amount. Instead provision of a commonly shared physical infrastructure offering resources for transport, processing, and storage of data to several separated logical networks (slices) individually managed and configured by potentially multiple service providers is the main concept of this new approach. Beside a multitude of other initiatives the EU-funded 5G NORMA project (5G Novel Radio Multiservice adaptive network Architecture) has developed an architecture which enables not only network programmability (configurability in software), but also network slicing and Multi Tenancy (allowing independent 3rd parties to offer an end-to-end service tailored according to their needs) in a mobile network. Major aspects dealt with here are the selectable support of mobility (on-demand) and service-aware QoE/QoS (Quality of Experience/Service) control. Specifically we will report on the outcome of the analysis of design criteria for Mobility Management schemes and the result of an exemplary application of the modular mobility function to scenarios with variable service requirements (e.g. high-terminal speed vs. on-demand mobility or portability of devices). An efficient sharing of scarce frequency resources in new radio systems demands for tight coordination of orchestration and assignment (scheduling) of resources for the different network slices as per capacity and priority (QoS) demand. Dynamicity aspects in changing algorithms and schemes to manage, configure, and optimize the resources at the radio base stations according to slice specific Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are investigated. It has been shown that architectural issues in terms of hierarchy (centralized vs. distributed) and layering, i.e. separation of control (signaling) and (user) data plane will play an essential role to increase the elasticity of network infrastructures which is in focus of applying SDN (Software Defined Networking) and NFV (Network Function Virtualization) to next generation communication systems. An outlook towards follow-on standardization and open research questions within different SDOs (Standards Defining Organizations) and recently started cooperative projects concludes the contribution.
20
Wang, Shaoxuan, Marc Ruiz und Luis Velasco. „Context-Based e2e Autonomous Operation in B5G Networks“. Sensors 24, Nr. 5 (01.03.2024): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24051625.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The research and innovation related to fifth-generation (5G) networks that has been carried out in recent years has decided on the fundamentals of the smart slice in radio access networks (RANs), as well as the autonomous fixed network operation. One of the most challenging objectives of beyond 5G (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) networks is the deployment of mechanisms that enable smart end-to-end (e2e) network operation, which is required for the achievement of the stringent service requirements of the envisioned use cases to be supported in the short term. Therefore, smart actions, such as dynamic capacity allocation, flexible functional split, and dynamic slice management need to be performed in tight coordination with the autonomous capacity management of the fixed transport network infrastructure. Otherwise, the benefits of smart slice operation (i.e., cost and energy savings while ensuring per-slice service requirements) might be cancelled due to uncoordinated autonomous fixed network operation. Notably, the transport network in charge of supporting slices from the user equipment (UE) to the core expands across access and metro fixed networks. The required coordination needs to be performed while keeping the privacy of the radio and fixed network domains, which is important in multi-tenant scenarios where both network segments are managed by different operators. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that explores the concept of context-aware network operation, where the slice control anticipates the aggregated and anonymized information of the expected slice operation that is sent to the fixed network orchestrator in an asynchronous way. The context is then used as the input for the artificial intelligence (AI)-based models used by the fixed network control for the predictive capacity management of optical connections in support of RAN slices. This context-aware network operation aims at enabling accurate and reliable autonomous fixed network operation under extremely dynamic traffic originated by smart RAN operation. The exhaustive numerical results show that slice context availability improves the benchmarking fixed network predictive methods (90% reduction in prediction maximum error) remarkably in the foreseen B5G scenarios, for both access and metro segments and in heterogeneous service demand scenarios. Moreover, context-aware network operation enables robust and efficient operation of optical networks in support of dense RAN cells (>32 base stations per cell), while the benchmarking methods fail to guarantee different operational objectives.
21
Backeman, Peter, Ashalatha Kunnappilly und Cristina Seceleanu. „Supporting 5G service orchestration with formal verification“. Computer Science and Information Systems, Nr. 00 (2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis211001059b.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The 5G communication technology has the ability to create logical net works, called network slices, which are specifically carved to serve particular application domains. Due to the mix of different application criticality, it becomes crucial to verify if the applications? service level agreements are met. In this pa per, we propose a novel framework for modeling and verifying 5G orchestration, considering simultaneous access and admission of new requests to slices as well as virtual network function scheduling and routing. By combining modeling in user friendly UML, with UPPAAL model checking and satisfiability-modulo-theories based model finding, our framework supports both modeling and formal verification of service orchestration. We demonstrate our approach on a e-health case study showing how a user, with no knowledge of formal methods, can model a system in UML and verify that the application meets its requirements.
22
Slawomir Kuklinski, Lechoslaw Tomaszewski, Robert Kolakowski, Anne-Marie Bosneag, Ashima Chawla, Adlen Ksentini, Sabra Ben Saad et al. „AI-driven predictive and scalable management and orchestration of network slices“. ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 3, Nr. 3 (16.11.2022): 570–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/ipui5221.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The future network slicing enabled mobile ecosystem is expected to support a wide set of heterogenous vertical services over a common infrastructure. The service robustness and their intrinsic requirements, together with the heterogeneity of mobile infrastructure and resources in both the technological and the spatial domain, significantly increase the complexity and create new challenges regarding network management and orchestration. High degree of automation, flexibility and programmability are becoming the fundamental architectural features to enable seamless support for the modern telco-based services. In this paper, we present a novel management and orchestration platform for network slices, which has been devised by the Horizon 2020 MonB5G project. The proposed framework is a highly scalable solution for network slicing management and orchestration that implements a distributed and programmable AI-driven management architecture. The cognitive capabilities are provided at different levels of management hierarchy by adopting necessary data abstractions. Moreover, the framework leverages intent-based operations to improve its modularity and genericity. The mentioned features enhance the management automation, making the architecture a significant step towards self-managed network slices.
23
Salhab, Nazih, Rami Langar und Rana Rahim. „5G network slices resource orchestration using Machine Learning techniques“. Computer Networks 188 (April 2021): 107829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2021.107829.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
24
Rafiq, Adeel, Asif Mehmood, Talha Ahmed Khan, Khizar Abbas, Muhammad Afaq und Wang-Cheol Song. „Intent-Based End-to-End Network Service Orchestration System for Multi-Platforms“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 7 (01.04.2020): 2782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072782.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
On-demand service is the main feature of the 5G network, and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) provides it by virtualizing the existing 5G network infrastructure. NFV crafts various virtual networks on a shared physical network, but one of the core challenges in future 5G networks is to automate the modeling of Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) and end-to-end Network Service (NS) orchestration with less human interaction. Traditionally, the descriptor of VNF and NS is created manually, which requires expert-level skills. This manual approach has a big threat of human error, which can be avoided by using the Intent-Based Networking (IBN) approach. The IBN approach eliminates the requirement of expertise for designing VNFs and NS by taking users’ intentions as an input. In this paper, the proposed system presents the Intent Management System for VNF modeling and end-to-end NS orchestration for multi-platforms. This system takes the high-level information related to a specific service, configures it accordingly, and converts it into the selected platform. The proposed system is tested using Mobile Central Office Re-architected as Data Center (M-CORD) and Open-Source Management and Orchestration (OSM) orchestrators. The results section shows that the proposed system reduces the effort of the end-user in creating network slices and provides seamless end-to-end service orchestration.
25
Musser, Jeremy, Ezra Kissel, Martin Swany, Joe Breen, Jason Stidd, Shawn McKee und Benjeman Meekhof. „Applying OSiRIS NMAL to Network Slices on SLATE“. EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 07055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024507055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The Network Management Abstraction Layer (NMAL) extends perfSONAR capabilities to include automated network topology discovery and tracking in the Unified Network Information Service (UNIS), and incorporate Software Defined Networking (SDN) into overall operations of the OSiRIS distributed Ceph infrastructure. We deploy perfSONAR components both within OSiRIS and at our “client” locations to allow monitoring and measuring the networks interconnecting science domain users and OSiRIS components. Topology discovery (using an SDN controller application) and Flange Network Orchestration (NOS) rules are used to dynamically manage network pathing in our testbed environments. NMAL components have been containerized to operate within the Services Layer at the Edge (SLATE) infrastructure, and we describe our experiences in packaging and deploying our services.
26
Pagès, Albert, Fernando Agraz, Rafael Montero, Giada Landi, Marco Capitani, Domenico Gallico, Matteo Biancani, Reza Nejabati, Dimitra Simeonidou und Salvatore Spadaro. „Orchestrating virtual slices in data centre infrastructures with optical DCN“. Optical Fiber Technology 50 (Juli 2019): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2019.02.011.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
27
Chergui, Hatim, Adlen Ksentini, Luis Blanco und Christos Verikoukis. „Toward Zero-Touch Management and Orchestration of Massive Deployment of Network Slices in 6G“. IEEE Wireless Communications 29, Nr. 1 (Februar 2022): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.009.00366.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
28
Hofer, Mark, Robb Ponton und Kathleen Swan. „Reinventing PowerPoint: A New Look at an Old Tool“. Social Studies Research and Practice 1, Nr. 3 (01.11.2006): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-03-2006-b0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Microsoft PowerPoint is a powerful, yet often underutilized, orchestration tool for learning. While its most common use may be no more powerful or effective than an overhead projector, the multimedia capabilities of the software open up powerful means to connect with diverse learners in the classroom. In this piece, we explore how PowerPoint can be used in ways that connect with Universal Design for Learning principles and make teacher and student presentations more engaging and effective. We offer several concrete examples of “thinking outside the slide” to leverage the unique potential of PowerPoint in the classroom.
29
Fadlullah, Zubair Md, Mostafa M. Fouda, Khaled Rabie und Ruidong Li. „Guest Editorial: Smart, Optimal, and Explainable Orchestration of Network Slices in 5G and Beyond Networks“. IEEE Wireless Communications 29, Nr. 1 (Februar 2022): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2022.9749185.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
30
Gatzianas, Marios, Agapi Mesodiakaki, George Kalfas, Nikos Pleros, Francesca Moscatelli, Giada Landi, Nicola Ciulli und Leonardo Lossi. „Offline Joint Network and Computational Resource Allocation for Energy-Efficient 5G and beyond Networks“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 22 (09.11.2021): 10547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210547.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
In order to cope with the ever-increasing traffic demands and stringent latency constraints, next generation, i.e., sixth generation (6G) networks, are expected to leverage Network Function Virtualization (NFV) as an enabler for enhanced network flexibility. In such a setup, in addition to the traditional problems of user association and traffic routing, Virtual Network Function (VNF) placement needs to be jointly considered. To that end, in this paper, we focus on the joint network and computational resource allocation, targeting low network power consumption while satisfying the Service Function Chain (SFC), throughput, and delay requirements. Unlike the State-of-the-Art (SoA), we also take into account the Access Network (AN), while formulating the problem as a general Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). Due to the high complexity of the proposed optimal solution, we also propose a low-complexity energy-efficient resource allocation algorithm, which was shown to significantly outperform the SoA, by achieving up to 78% of the optimal energy efficiency with up to 742 times lower complexity. Finally, we describe an Orchestration Framework for the automated orchestration of vertical-driven services in Network Slices and describe how it encompasses the proposed algorithm towards optimized provisioning of heterogeneous computation and network resources across multiple network segments.
31
Hsiao, Chiu-Han, Frank Yeong-Sung Lin, Evana Szu-Han Fang, Yu-Fang Chen, Yean-Fu Wen, Yennun Huang, Yang-Che Su, Ya-Syuan Wu und Hsin-Yi Kuo. „Optimization-Based Resource Management Algorithms with Considerations of Client Satisfaction and High Availability in Elastic 5G Network Slices“. Sensors 21, Nr. 5 (08.03.2021): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051882.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A combined edge and core cloud computing environment is a novel solution in 5G network slices. The clients’ high availability requirement is a challenge because it limits the possible admission control in front of the edge cloud. This work proposes an orchestrator with a mathematical programming model in a global viewpoint to solve resource management problems and satisfying the clients’ high availability requirements. The proposed Lagrangian relaxation-based approach is adopted to solve the problems at a near-optimal level for increasing the system revenue. A promising and straightforward resource management approach and several experimental cases are used to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness. Preliminary results are presented as performance evaluations to verify the proposed approach’s suitability for edge and core cloud computing environments. The proposed orchestrator significantly enables the network slicing services and efficiently enhances the clients’ satisfaction of high availability.
32
Thiruvasagam, Prabhu Kaliyammal, Abhishek Chakraborty und C. Siva Ram Murthy. „Resilient and Latency-Aware Orchestration of Network Slices Using Multi-Connectivity in MEC-Enabled 5G Networks“. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 18, Nr. 3 (September 2021): 2502–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3091053.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
33
Taleb, Tarik, Ibrahim Afolabi und Miloud Bagaa. „Orchestrating 5G Network Slices to Support Industrial Internet and to Shape Next-Generation Smart Factories“. IEEE Network 33, Nr. 4 (Juli 2019): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2018.1800129.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
34
Batista, José Olimpio Rodrigues, Douglas Chagas da Silva, Moacyr Martucci, Regina Melo Silveira und Carlos Eduardo Cugnasca. „A Multi-Provider End-to-End Dynamic Orchestration Architecture Approach for 5G and Future Communication Systems“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 24 (15.12.2021): 11914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411914.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Network segregation is the solution adopted in the IMT-2020 standardization of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), better known as 5G networks (Fifth Generation Mobile Networks), under development to meet the requirements of performance, reliability, energy, and economic efficiency required by applications in the various verticals of current and near-future economic activities. The philosophy adopted for the IMT-2020 standardization relies on the use of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and Software-Defined Radio (SDR), i.e., the softwarization of the network. Softwarization allows network segregation through its slicing, which is discussed herein this work. Network slicing is performed by a novel Orchestrator, as provided in IMT-2020, which maintains the end-to-end network slices independent of each other and performs horizontal handover when the possibility of a loss of Quality of Service (QoS) is predictively detected by monitoring quality parameters during operation. Therefore, the Orchestrator is dynamic, operates in uptime, and allows horizontal handover. Hence, it chooses the most appropriate telecommunication infrastructure provider and network operator to guarantee QoS and Quality of Experience (QoE) to end-users in each network segment. These features make this work modern and keep it aligned with the actions being carried out by ITU. Based on this objective, as the main result of this paper, we propose an effective architecture for implementing the Orchestrator, not only to contribute to the state of the art for 5G and beyond communication systems but also to generate economic, technological, and social impacts.
35
Faraci, Giuseppe, Alfio Lombardo und Giovanni Schembra. „A Processor-Sharing Scheduling Strategy for NFV Nodes“. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3583962.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The introduction of the two paradigms SDN and NFV to “softwarize” the current Internet is making management and resource allocation two key challenges in the evolution towards the Future Internet. In this context, this paper proposes Network-Aware Round Robin (NARR), a processor-sharing strategy, to reduce delays in traversing SDN/NFV nodes. The application of NARR alleviates the job of the Orchestrator by automatically working at the intranode level, dynamically assigning the processor slices to the virtual network functions (VNFs) according to the state of the queues associated with the output links of the network interface cards (NICs). An extensive simulation set is presented to show the improvements achieved with respect to two more processor-sharing strategies chosen as reference.
36
Shangov, Daniel, Krassimir Vlachkov, Ralitsa Rumenova, Georgi Hristov, Atanas Velkov, Angelos Antonopoulos, Nicola Cadenelli et al. „Smart5Grid Solutions for enhanced TSO grid observability and manageability in massive RES penetration environment“. Open Research Europe 3 (27.01.2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15090.1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Background This article elaborates on Horizon 2020 Smart5Grid Research and Innovation (R&I) project and reports the Smart5Grid Open Experimentation Platform (OEP), including its Open Service Repository (OSR), Verification and Validation (V&V), NetApp Controller (NAC), and Multi-access Edge Computing Orchestrator (MECO), as key results of this project. It then translates those results into energy vertical implications of the Smart5Grid for Transmission System Operators (TSOs), focusing on two particular Use Cases (UCs): UC3 Millisecond Level Precise Distribution Generation Control and UC4 Real-time Wide Area Monitoring pilot demonstrator of 5G virtual PDC capabilities for WAM of end-to-end electricity grids. More specifically, this work exhibits UC3 and UC4 NetApps developed as one of the key project deliverables. All use cases generate openly accessible data, except where specific security restrictions are applicable. Methods The Smart5Grid development methodology is based on the concept of Network Applications (NetApps). Their main mission is to hide the complexity of a 5G telco network for energy application developers in a way that empowers them to develop a NetApp without having to deal with the underlying network. A Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM) such as OpenStack or Kubernetes hosts every unit that composes a NetApp. The VIM provides monitoring data to a Network Function Vurtualisation Manager and Orchestrator (NFV MANO) framework, which airs information to the NAC that employs analysis algorithms to propose the optimal Virtual Network Function (VNF) and NetApp placing. A Slice Manager (SM) reserves resources for all these capabilities. Results The Smart5Grid architecture represents the main result that this work delineates in the context of its enhanced 5G telecommunication provider (telco) capabilities for transmission and distribution grids to face and manage more efficiently high Renewable Energy Sources (RES) penetration in a decarbonisation context.
37
Anderson, Martin. „London, Barbican: Masterprize Final“. Tempo 58, Nr. 228 (April 2004): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298204260156.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
There's no doubt that Masterprize, the international composition competition with a mission ‘to bring music lovers and composers closer together’, is a slick and professional operation, with a tremendous outreach. The CD with the six pieces which made it to the final (of some 1,000 entries) was stuck on the front of both Gramophone and Classic FM magazines, with a joint print-run of around 100,000. The ‘gala final’ in the Barbican on 30 October, when the London Symphony Orchestra was conducted by Daniel Harding, was broadcast live on Classic FM (which reaches 6.5 million listeners a week), NPR in the States (16 million) and Radio Latvia (you tell me); and NPR also packaged it for their deferred ‘Symphony Cast’. These are scarcely believable figures for contemporary classical music: Masterprize is plainly doing an enormous amount of good. Another statistic worth celebrating is that 1,300 children were involved in the associated education project, playing the six works up and down the UK. It's just a pity that most of the music that made it through to the final was so dull, a post-Hollywood syrup of feel-good consonance and glittering over-orchestration – slickly wrapped empty boxes.
38
Brennan, Paul, und Matt Baker. „BIOM-64. TARGETING IDENTIFICATION OF HOST-BRAIN CANCER SYSTEMIC CYTOKINE SIGNALLING FOR EARLY DETECTION AND TUMOUR SUB-TYPING“. Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (01.11.2022): vii19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Background The host-tumour interaction is fundamental to brain tumour biology, orchestration of which is mediated in part by cytokines. We reasoned that detection of a tumour-specific cytokine profile in patient serum could contribute to early diagnosis strategies, and permit prediction of tumour subtypes before histological diagnosis. METHOD Patient serum blood samples (300ul) were collected prospectively from patients with radiological evidence of a new brain tumour diagnosis pre-treatment, and from symptom-matched patients without radiological evidence of a tumour (controls). Our in-house cytokine assay incorporates antibodies captured onto a nitrocellulose slide. 64 capture antibodies are printed per slide, with 4 replicates per antibody. Fluorescence is measured from a biotin secondary antibody, the signal compared to a standard curve, and the averaged relative intensity across 4 replicates determined. We used a hierarchical clustering strategy to examine the relative expression of all 64 biomarkers for each patient class, and for cancer versus non-cancer. We refined this to identify the most discriminatory biomarkers. We made a univariate examination of the association of each antibody with brain tumour type. RESULTS Cytokine profiles were collected from 83 patients (42 glioblastoma, 8 meningioma, 12 metastatic cancer, 6 grade III gliomas, 3 grade II gliomas, 2 other brain tumours, 10 non-cancer patients). The top 4 biomarkers with greatest separation for brain cancer versus non-cancer were osteopontin, MMP3, MMP9 and TIMP-1. A principal component analysis demonstrated clear separation between clusters for these biomarkers. Univariate analysis evidenced discrimination of tumour subtypes, for example MMP9 and oligodendrogliomas. CONCLUSION Cytokine signals can be identified in small volumes of patient serum and used to identify brain cancer ‘risk.’ This could support prioritization for brain imaging, and prediction of tumour subtype to guide pre-operative management decision-making. Combination with other liquid biopsy strategies such as serum spectroscopy may improve spectroscopy test performance and utility.
39
Ingram, Justin, Chunfeng Zhang, John R. Cressman, Anupam Hazra, Yina Wei, Yong-Eun Koo, Jokūbas Žiburkus, Raoul Kopelman, Jian Xu und Steven J. Schiff. „Oxygen and seizure dynamics: I. Experiments“. Journal of Neurophysiology 112, Nr. 2 (15.07.2014): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00540.2013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
We utilized a novel ratiometric nanoquantum dot fluorescence resonance energy transfer (NQD-FRET) optical sensor to quantitatively measure oxygen dynamics from single cell microdomains during hypoxic episodes as well as during 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced spontaneous seizure-like events in rat hippocampal slices. Coupling oxygen sensing with electrical recordings, we found the greatest reduction in the O2 concentration ([O2]) in the densely packed cell body stratum (st.) pyramidale layer of the CA1 and differential layer-specific O2 dynamics between the st. pyramidale and st. oriens layers. These hypoxic decrements occurred up to several seconds before seizure onset could be electrically measured extracellularly. Without 4-AP, we quantified a narrow range of [O2], similar to the endogenous hypoxia found before epileptiform activity, which permits a quiescent network to enter into a seizure-like state. We demonstrated layer-specific patterns of O2 utilization accompanying layer-specific neuronal interplay in seizure. None of the oxygen overshoot artifacts seen with polarographic measurement techniques were observed. We therefore conclude that endogenously generated hypoxia may be more than just a consequence of increased cellular excitability but an influential and critical factor for orchestrating network dynamics associated with epileptiform activity.
40
Zong, Yue, Chuan Feng, Yingying Guan, Yejun Liu und Lei Guo. „Virtual Network Embedding for Multi-Domain Heterogeneous Converged Optical Networks: Issues and Challenges“. Sensors 20, Nr. 9 (06.05.2020): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092655.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The emerging 5G applications and the connectivity of billions of devices have driven the investigation of multi-domain heterogeneous converged optical networks. To support emerging applications with their diverse quality of service requirements, network slicing has been proposed as a promising technology. Network virtualization is an enabler for network slicing, where the physical network can be partitioned into different configurable slices in the multi-domain heterogeneous converged optical networks. An efficient resource allocation mechanism for multiple virtual networks in network virtualization is one of the main challenges referred as virtual network embedding (VNE). This paper is a survey on the state-of-the-art works for the VNE problem towards multi-domain heterogeneous converged optical networks, providing the discussion on future research issues and challenges. In this paper, we describe VNE in multi-domain heterogeneous converged optical networks with enabling network orchestration technologies and analyze the literature about VNE algorithms with various network considerations for each network domain. The basic VNE problem with various motivations and performance metrics for general scenarios is discussed. A VNE algorithm taxonomy is presented and discussed by classifying the major VNE algorithms into three categories according to existing literature. We analyze and compare the attributes of algorithms such as node and link embedding methods, objectives, and network architecture, which can give a selection or baseline for future work of VNE. Finally, we explore some broader perspectives in future research issues and challenges on 5G scenario, field trail deployment, and machine learning-based algorithms.
41
Schlenz, Heike, Wolfgang Kummer, Gitte Jositsch, Jürgen Wess und Gabriela Krasteva. „Muscarinic receptor-mediated bronchoconstriction is coupled to caveolae in murine airways“. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 298, Nr. 5 (Mai 2010): L626—L636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00261.2009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Cholinergic bronchoconstriction is mediated by M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors (MR). In heart and urinary bladder, MR are linked to caveolin-1 or -3, the structural proteins of caveolae. Caveolae are cholesterol-rich, omega-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane. They provide a scaffold for multiple G protein receptors and membrane-bound enzymes, thereby orchestrating signaling into the cell interior. Hence, we hypothesized that airway MR signaling pathways are coupled to caveolae as well. To address this issue, we determined the distribution of caveolin isoforms and MR subtype M2R in murine and human airways and investigated protein-protein associations by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis in immunolabeled murine tissue sections. Bronchoconstrictor responses of murine bronchi were recorded in lung-slice preparations before and after caveolae disruption by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, with efficiency of this treatment being validated by electron microscopy. KCl-induced bronchoconstriction was unaffected after treatment, demonstrating functional integrity of the smooth muscle. Caveolae disruption decreased muscarine-induced bronchoconstriction in wild-type and abolished it in M2R−/− and M3R−/− mice. Thus M2R and M3R signaling pathways require intact caveolae. Furthermore, we identified a presumed skeletal and cardiac myocyte-specific caveolin isoform, caveolin-3, in human and murine bronchial smooth muscle and found it to be associated with M2R in situ. In contrast, M2R was not associated with caveolin-1, despite an in situ association of caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 that was detected. Here, we demonstrated that M2R- and M3R-mediated bronchoconstriction is caveolae-dependent. Since caveolin-3 is directly associated with M2R, we suggest caveolin-3 as novel regulator of M2R-mediated signaling.
42
Karas, I. R., M. Ben Ahmed, A. A. Boudhir und B. K. Ane. „THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SMART CITY APPLICATIONS: PREFACE“. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W5-2021 (23.12.2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w5-2021-1-2021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract. This Conference Proceedings volume contains the written versions of the contributions presented during the 6th International Conference on Smart City Applications.The event had been planned to organized in Safranbolu Campus of Karabuk University, Turkey. Then, it has been converted to the online conference because of the Covid-19 situation. It took place with the motto of “Virtual Safranbolu” by inspiring historical UNESCO Heritage city Safranbolu, on October 27–29, 2021. The conference provided a setting for discussing recent developments in a wide variety of topics including Geo-Smart Information Systems, Smart Cities, 3D City Modeling and Visualization, Smart Building and Home Automation, Smart Environment and Smart Agriculture, Location Based Services, GeoInformation for Mobile, Wearable Technologies and Wireless Sensor Networks, Building Information Modeling, Virtual and Augmented Reality, Big Data and Urban Data Analytics, Smart Healthcare, Smart Economy and Digital Business, Smart Education and Intelligent Learning System, and etc.The event has been a good opportunity for the more than 400 participants coming from 43 countries of the world to present and discuss topics in their respective research areas. In addition, five keynote speakers presented latest achievements on their fields; Domingos Santos “Smart Cities Strategies: Critical Sucess Factors”, Mohsen Kalantari Soltanieh “Smart buildings to Smart cities – The role of BIM and GIS integration”, Ksentini Adlen, “Zero Touch Management and Orchestration of Network Slices in 5G and Beyond Networks”, Bakr M.Aly Ahmed, “Smart Sustainable Urbanism”, Yusuf Arayıcı, “Design for Energy:Prosumer Buildings”.The 86 papers that were selected as a result of review process and presented during the conference were accepted for the final publication in the ISPRS Archives.We would like to thank all participants, organizing and scientific committee members, and session chairs for their contributions to the conference program and these Proceedings.
43
Aqdas, Mohd, Preeyaporn Songkiatisak, Md Toufiqur Rahman Shah, Kyu-Seon Oh und Myong-Hee Sung. „Double knock-in reporter mice: a novel tool to study age-associated NF-κB dynamics in primary microglia“. Journal of Immunology 210, Nr. 1_Supplement (01.05.2023): 80.04. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.80.04.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Microglia are immune sentinels in the brain that are capable of orchestrating potent inflammatory responses in aging and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. NF-κB signaling pathway is commonly recognized as a significant regulator of inflammation and aging. Mapping the spatiotemporal complexity of NF-κB signaling is crucial to understand its impact and function in vivo, but the lack of tools to directly monitor NF-κB protein components has hindered such efforts. Our lab has generated reporter mice with the endogenous RelA (p65) and c-Rel labeled with distinct fluorescent proteins and a double knock-in line with both labeled subunits. To understand how aging affects microglial function, we isolated primary microglia from young and old animals. We cultured them in vitro and validated by P2RY12 +, CD11b +and CD45 int. Interestingly, we observed two different microglial populations, one motile, and the other forming clusters. Microglia from aged animals showed a higher prevalence of motile, free-roaming microglia. We also observed these distinct microglial populations in brain slices from the mice ex-vivo. Live-cell imaging of NF-kB dynamics in primary microglia from young and old mice revealed a shift towards c-Rel in old brains. Further, we stained for Ki67 as a proliferation marker to functionally characterize these microglia populations. We observed only the free-roaming microglia to be proliferative in nature. Furthermore, we are investigating the senescence pattern between the two populations to better understand the molecular mechanisms associated with age-dependent and inflammation-derived changes in young and old brains.
44
Konishi, Yoshinobu, Kenta Terai, Takaya Abe, Yoko Hamazaki, Akifumi Takaori-Kondo und Michiyuki Matsuda. „Live-Cell FRET Imaging Reveals a Role of ERK Activity Dynamics in Thymocyte Motility“. Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29.11.2018): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Thymocyte motility is key to orchestrating migration between different thymic microenvironments at the appropriate developmental stage. Several lines of evidence suggest that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways plays critical roles in T cell development. Nevertheless, the dynamics of ERK activity and its role in regulating cell motility remain largely unknown due to technical difficulties. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for genetic reporter systems that provide the information of thymocyte motility and ERK signaling under physiological condition in real time. To meet the demand, we developed transgenic mice expressing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based biosensor for ERK incorporated into the ROSA26 locus conditionally. EKAREV is a genetically encoded intramolecular FRET biosensor for monitoring ERK activity in living cells. We introduced cDNAs of EKAREV into the ROSA26 locus to generate mouse lines named R26-EKAREV-NLSfl/+. In these mouse lines, EKAREV will be expressed in the nucleus after Cre-mediated excision of the loxP-flanked tdKeima-coding sequence. To study ERK activity dynamics in T cells, R26-EKAREV-NLSfl/+ were crossed with Lck-Cre mice to generate R26-EKAREV-NLSlck/+. R26-EKAREV-NLSlck/+ showed uniform and high-level expression of EKAREV in lymphocytes and allowed us to examine the ERK activity of T cells in vivo. After initial characterization of R26-EKAREV-NLSlck/+, we attempted to unravel the potential crosstalk between ERK activity dynamics and cell motility within the thymic microenvironment. Long-term in vivo imaging of thymus was difficult due to the anatomical location abutting the heart. To circumvent this problem, thymocytes obtained from R26-EKAREV-NLSlck/+ were overlaid on C57BL/6 (WT) thymic slices and observed under two-photon excitation microscopy. During the course of experiments, we noticed a negative correlation between ERK activity and migration speed of thymocytes. To confirm this observation, thymocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of an mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor prior to transfer onto thymic slices. Treatment of thymocytes with MEK inhibitor increased averaged migration speed in both double-positive (DP) and single-positive (SP) subsets. Moreover, time-lapse imaging of each subsets of thymocytes revealed that the deviation of ERK activity from the average of individual cells regulated cell motility in CD4-SP, while the absolute value of ERK activity regulated cell motility in DP and CD8-SP. Collectively, these results suggest that CD4-SP is unique in that the ERK activity dynamics negatively regulate cell motility. Which signal regulates ERK activity and cell motility of CD4-SP in the medulla? Interaction between T cell receptor (TCR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is known to regulate ERK activity and cell motility of T cells, but their direct relationship remains unknown in tissues. To examine this possibility, CD4-SP thymocytes were overlaid onto WT or MHC class II knockout (KO) thymic slices. When overlaid onto KO thymic slices, the average migration speed was significantly increased, indicating that CD4-SP cells arrest upon TCR-MHC II interaction. Moreover, the variance of ERK activity, but not the average of it, in CD4-SP cells on KO thymic slices was decreased, suggesting that TCR-MHC II interaction contribute the variance of ERK activity in CD4-SP. Our findings unravel that the deviation of ERK activity induced by TCR-MHC interactions negatively regulate cell motility of CD4-SP in the medulla. The live-cell FRET imaging of ERK activity will open a new window to understand the dynamic nature and the diverse functions of ERK signaling in T cell biology. Disclosures Takaori-Kondo: Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding.
45
Pohlkamp, Christian, Kapil Jhalani, Niroshan Nadarajah, Inseok Heo, William Wetton, Rudolf Drescher, Siegfried Hänselmann et al. „Machine Learning (ML) Can Successfully Support Microscopic Differential Counts of Peripheral Blood Smears in a High Throughput Hematology Laboratory“. Blood 136, Supplement 1 (05.11.2020): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-140215.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Background: Cytomorphology is the gold standard for quick assessment of peripheral blood and bone marrow samples in hematological neoplasms. It is a broadly-accepted method for orchestrating more specific diagnostics including immunophenotyping or genetics. Inter-/intra-observer-reproducibility of single cell classification is only 75 to 90%. Only a limited number of cells (100 - 500 cells/smear) is read in a time-consuming procedure. Machine learning (ML) is more reliable where human skills are limited, i.e. in handling large amounts of data or images. We here tested ML to differentiate peripheral blood leukocytes in a high throughput hematology laboratory. Aim: To establish an ML-based cell classifier capable of identifying healthy and pathologic cells in digitalized peripheral blood smear scans at an accuracy competitive with or outperforming human expert level. Methods: We selected >2,600 smears out of our unique archive of > 250,000 peripheral blood smears from hematological neoplasms. Depending on quality, we scanned up to 1,000 single cell images per smear. For image acquisition, a Metafer Scanning System (Zeiss Axio Imager.Z2 microscope, automatic slide feeder and automatic oiling device) from MetaSystems (Altlussheim, GER) was used. Areas of interest were defined by pre-scan in 10x magnification followed by high resolution scan in 40x to generate cell images for analysis. Average capture times for 300/500 cells were 3:43/4:37 min We set up a supervised ML-learning model using colour images (144x144 pixels) as input, outputting predicted probabilities of 21 predefined classes. We used ImageNet-pretrained Xception as our base model. We trained, evaluated and deployed the model using Amazon SageMaker on a subset of 82,974 images randomly selected from 514,183 cells captured and labelled for this study. 20 different cell types and one garbage class were classified. We included cell type categories referring to the critical importance of detecting rare leukemia subtypes (e.g. APL). Numbers of images from respective 21 classes ranged from 1,830 to 14,909 (median: 2,945). Minority classes were up-sampledto handle imbalances. Each picture was labelled by highly skilled technicians (median years practicing in this laboratory: 5) and two independent hematologists (median years at microscope: 20). Results: On a separate test set of 8,297 cells, our classifier was able to predict any of the five cell types occurring in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals (PMN, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils) at very high median accuracy (97.0%) Median prediction accuracy of 15 rare or pathological cell types was 91.3%. For six critical pathological cell forms (myeloblasts, atypical/bilobulated promyelocytes in APL/APLv, hairy cells, lymphoma cells,plasma cells), median accuracy was 93.4% (sensitivity 93.8%). We saw a very high "T98 accuracy" for these cell types (98.5%) which is the accuracy of cell type predictions with prediction probability >0.98 (achieved in 2231/2417 cases), implicating that critical cells predicted with probability <0.98 should be flagged for human expert validation with priority. For all 21 classes median accuracy was 91.7%. Accuracy was lower for cells representing consecutive steps of maturation, e.g. promyelo-/myelo-/metamyelocytes, reproducing inconsistencies from the human-built phenotypic classification system (s.Fig.). Conclusions: We demonstrate an automated workflow using automatic microscopic cell capturing and ML-driven cell differentiation in samples of hematologic patients. Reproducibility, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity are above 90%, for many cell types above 98%. By flagging suspicious cells for humanvalidation, this tool can support even experienced hematology professionals, especially in detecting rare cell types. Given an appropriate scanning speed, it clearly outperforms human investigators in terms of examination time and number of differentiated cells. An ML-based intelligence can make its skills accessible to hematology laboratories on site or after upload of scanned cell images, independent of time/location. A cloud-based infrastructure is available. A prospective head to head challenge between ML-based classifier and human experts comparing sensitivity and accuracy for detection of all cell classes in peripheral blood will be tested to proof suitability for routine use (NCT 4466059). Figure Disclosures Heo: AWS: Current Employment. Wetton:AWS: Current Employment. Drescher:MetaSystems: Current Employment. Hänselmann:MetaSystems: Current Employment. Lörch:MetaSystems: Current equity holder in private company.
46
Arora, Sagar, Adlen Ksentini und Christian Bonnet. „Cloud native Lightweight Slice Orchestration (CLiSO) framework“. Computer Communications, Oktober 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2023.10.010.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
47
Badmus, Idris, Abdelquoddouss Laghrissi, Marja Matinmikko-Blue und Ari Pouttu. „End-to-end network slice architecture and distribution across 5G micro-operator leveraging multi-domain and multi-tenancy“. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2021, Nr. 1 (14.04.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13638-021-01959-7.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
AbstractLocal 5G networks are emerging as a new form for 5G deployment, targeting service delivery for vertical-specific purposes and other local users. These networks are also known as micro-operator networks for which prior work has established different deployment scenarios, namely Closed, Open and Mixed Networks. To achieve network flexibility, customization and privacy required by various vertical sectors, such as industry, health and energy, it is essential to have a well-defined network slicing architecture and adequate implementation procedure. In this paper, a sophisticated end-to-end network slicing architecture is proposed for different deployment scenarios of the local 5G micro-operator concept. The proposed architecture incorporates a broad four-layer concept, leveraging a multi-tenancy layer for different tenants and their end users, a descriptive service layer, a multi-domain slicing management and orchestration layer, and a resource layer. We further propose a network slice instance (NSI) communication service distribution technique for local 5G micro-operators. This is achieved by expanding/leveraging the communication service management function in the multi-tenant layer into a multi-tenant manager and an orchestrator of communication services. In addition, we describe how the communication service orchestrator will address all the possible multitenant-slice situations during the distribution of a network slice instance to multiple tenants. The novel methods described in the paper present a solution for not only network slice communication service distribution across different micro-operator’s tenants but also for future use cases, especially, when the allocated slice is responsible for multiple tenants or when a tenant requests multiple NSIs.
48
Dong, Tianjian, Qi Qi, Jingyu Wang, Zirui Zhuang, Haifeng Sun, Jianxin Liao und Zhu Han. „Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Cross-Slice Federated Meta Learning for Resource Orchestration to Cold-Start Slice“. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2022, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2022.3200853.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
49
He, Guobiao, Wei Su, Shuai Gao, Ningchun Liu und Sajal K. Das. „NetChain: A Blockchain-enabled Privacy-Preserving Multi-Domain Network Slice Orchestration Architecture“. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 2021, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3110057.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
50
Doanis, Pavlos, und Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos. „Sample-efficient multi-agent DQNs for scalable multi-domain 5G+ inter-slice orchestration“. IEEE Transactions on Machine Learning in Communications and Networking, 2024, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmlcn.2024.3420268.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle