Thematische Bibliographien / Slaves – history

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Slaves – history“

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Veröffentlicht am 26. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Slaves – history"

Vyšný, Peter. „Pre-Hispanic Nahua Slavery“. Ethnologia Actualis 20, Nr. 2 (01.12.2020): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eas-2021-0012.

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Abstract The article deals with pre-Hispanic Nahua slavery. Based upon an examination of Nahua perception of slavery/slaves, Nahua forms of slavery (apart from the slaves destined for sacrifice there were slaves destined for work) and the social and legal position of Nahua slaves (destined for work) the author concludes that the Nahua institution traditionally called “slavery“ is different from its counterparts known from the history of Occident. Except for slaves destined for sacrifice to the gods which are discussed only briefly in the article, the Nahua slaves (i.e. the slaves destined for work) had a certain degree of personal freedom and certain rights. Becoming a slave at birth was possible only exceptionally and the enslavement of persons was in many cases (even if not in all cases) only temporary. The treatment of Nahua slaves – compared to the living conditions of their counterparts in many other world cultures – was significantly better, more humane. This can be seen from the fact that the master was entitled only to his/her slave’s labor and not to slave’s life, health, family members or property, as well as from the fact that the slave could obtain freedom in many ways, not only by the manumission made by his/her master. Although slaves were considered a kind of both physically and mentally “less perfect“ individuals who were “dirtied“, that is, morally tainted and dishonored by their enslavement and its reasons (mainly a delinquent behavior, i.e. non-payment of debts or perpetration of certain crimes), they were not systematically excluded from the wider society formed by free persons and they lived with their families in their houses and neighborhoods.

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Brixius, Dorit. „From ethnobotany to emancipation: Slaves, plant knowledge, and gardens on eighteenth-century Isle de France“. History of Science 58, Nr. 1 (10.04.2019): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275319835431.

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This essay examines the relationship between slavery and plant knowledge for cultivational activities and medicinal purposes on Isle de France (Mauritius) in the second half of the eighteenth century. It builds on recent scholarship to argue for the significance of slaves in the acquisition of plant material and related knowledge in pharmaceutical, acclimatization, and private gardens on the French colonial island. I highlight the degree to which French colonial officials relied on slaves’ ethnobotanical knowledge but neglected to include such information in their published works. Rather than seeking to explore the status of such knowledge within European frameworks of natural history as an endpoint of knowledge production, this essay calls upon us to think about the plant knowledge that slaves possessed for its practical implementations in the local island context. Both female and male slaves’ plant-based knowledge enriched – even initiated – practices of cultivation and preparation techniques of plants for nourishment and medicinal uses. Here, cultivational knowledge and skills determined a slave’s hierarchical rank. As the case of the slave gardener Rama and his family reveals, plant knowledge sometimes offered slaves opportunities for social mobility and, even though on extremely rare occasions, enabled them to become legally free.

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Borucki, Alex. „Trans-imperial History in the Making of the Slave Trade to Venezuela, 1526-1811“. Itinerario 36, Nr. 2 (August 2012): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115312000563.

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The last two decades have witnessed an unprecedented expansion of knowledge about the transatlantic slave trade, both through research on specific sections of this traffic and through the consolidation of datasets into a single online resource: Voyages: The Transatlantic Slave Trade Database (hereafter Voyages Database). This collective project has elucidated in great detail the slave trading routes across the Atlantic and the broad African origins of captives, at least from their ports of embarkation. However, this multi-source database tells us little about the slave trading routes within the Americas, as slaves were shipped through various ports of disembarkation, sometimes by crossing imperial borders in the New World. This gap complicates our understanding of the slave trade to Spanish America, which depended on foreign slavers to acquire captives through a rigid system of contracts (asientos and licencias) overseen by the Crown up to 1789. These foreign merchants often shipped captives from their own American territories such as Jamaica, Curaçao, and Brazil. Thus, the slave trade connected the Spanish colonies with interlopers from England, France, the Netherlands, Portugal (within the Spanish domain from 1580 to 1640), and eventually the United States. The importance of the intra-American slave trade is particularly evident in Venezuela: while the Voyages Database shows only 11,500 enslaved Africans arriving in Venezuela directly from Africa, I estimate that 101,000 captives were disembarked there, mostly from other colonies. This article illuminates the volume of this traffic, the slave trading routes, and the origins of slaves arriving in Venezuela by exploring the connections of this Spanish colony with the Portuguese, Dutch, British, and French Atlantics. Imperial conflicts and commercial networks shaped the number and sources of slaves arriving in Venezuela. As supplies of captives passed from Portuguese to Dutch, and then to English hands, the colony absorbed captives from different African regions of embarkation.

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González-Ripoll, Loles. „Slave and convict: José Rufino Parra’s double sentence in the Antilles and mainland Spain“. Culture & History Digital Journal 11, Nr. 2 (16.11.2022): e023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2022.023.

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This paper addresses the adversities of a slave in 19th century Cuba who was considered dangerous because of his education; the suspicious claim of the owner; the slave’s arrest between Cuba, Spain, and Puerto Rico, and the defence of the rights to which he was entitled. The scant but interesting documentation on the misfortune of José Rufino Parra raises many issues regarding the daily relationships between masters and slaves; the unheard-of relationship between a black man and a white woman; the conservation of family honour, and the importance of education and family for slaves within an unjust colonial system, which, despite injustices, did offer opportunities to defend themselves.

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Brown, Carolyn A. „Testing the Boundaries of Marginality: Twentieth-Century Slavery and Emancipation Struggles in Nkanu, Northern Igboland, 1920–29“. Journal of African History 37, Nr. 1 (März 1996): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700034794.

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In 1914 the Enugu Government Colliery and the construction of its railway link to the Biafran coast used slave-owning chiefs as labor recruiters. Although aware of slavery in the Nkanu clan area the state simply outlawed the slave trade and excessive treatment but left it to slaves to secure their ‘freedom’. Nkanu slavery was unusually pervasive, incorporating over half of some villages, with few opportunities for manumission or marriage to the freeborn. Severe ritualistic proscriptions excluded slave men from village politics. But forced labor destabilized slavery, causing unrest which reached crisis proportions in the fall of 1922. The revolt presents a unique opportunity for historical study of the goals, ideology and strategies of indigenous slave populations creating ‘freedom’ within the emergent colonial order.When owners demanded slaves' wages, the slaves resisted and demanded full social and political equality with the freeborn. Slaves who remained in the village struggled to provision Enugu's urban working class. For both slavery hindered opportunities in the colonial economy. In retaliation owners evicted slave families, increased their labor requirements and unleashed a reign of terror, abduction and sacrifice of slave women and children. By the fall of 1922 local government collapsed forcing the state to develop a policy on emancipation. It is significant that this struggle converted the slaves from a scattered subordinate group of patrilineages to an aggressive and cohesive community.

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Stilwell, Sean, Ibrahim Hamza und Paul E. Lovejoy. „The Oral History of Royal Slavery in the Sokoto Caliphate: An Interview with Sallama Dako“. History in Africa 28 (2001): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172218.

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A powerful community of royal slaves emerged in Kano Emirate in the wake of Usman dan Fodio's jihad (1804-08), which established the Sokoto Caliphate. These elite slaves held administrative and military positions of great power, and over the course of the nineteenth century played an increasing prominent role in the political, economic, and social life of Kano. However, the individuals who occupied slave offices have largely been rendered silent by the extant historical record. They seldom appear in written sources from the period, and then usually only in passing. Likewise, certain officials and offices are mentioned in official sources from the colonial period, but only in the context of broader colonial concerns and policies, usually related to issues about taxation and the proper structure of indirect rule.As the following interview demonstrates, the collection and interpretation of oral sources can help to fill these silences. By listening to the words and histories of the descendents of royal slaves, as well as current royal slave titleholders, we can begin to reconstruct the social history of nineteenth-century royal slave society, including the nature of slave labor and work, the organization the vast plantation system that surrounded Kano, and the ideology and culture of royal slaves themselves.The interview is but one example of a series of interviews conducted with current and past members of this royal slave hierarchy by Yusufu Yunusa. As discussed below, Sallama Dako belonged to the royal slave palace community in Kano. By royal slave, we mean highly privileged and powerful slaves who were owned by the emir, known in Hausa as bayin sarki (slaves of the emir or king).

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Alabi, Afetame. „Can a Slave Serve Two Masters? Jointly Owned Slaves in Documentary Papyri and the Synoptic Gospels“. New Testament Studies 70, Nr. 1 (Januar 2024): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688523000322.

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AbstractThis article examines the synoptic saying on serving two masters (Matt 6.24; Luke 16.13) in light of the evidence for jointly owned slaves in documentary papyri. The saying implies that the slave of two masters will inevitably be more loyal or exclusively loyal to one master. Scholars usually accept this as an accurate depiction of jointly owned slaves. However, the papyrological evidence shows that the relationship between jointly owned slaves and their owners varied in everyday life and that slaves had little control over their loyalty to each master. The saying is, therefore, not a fully realistic portrait of how jointly owned slaves served their masters in antiquity but is possibly a slave stereotype that contributes to the (un)faithful slave imageries in the Gospels.

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Drescher, Seymour. „British Slavers: A Comment“. Journal of Economic History 45, Nr. 3 (September 1985): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700034628.

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In his essay J. E. Inikori argues that the British slavers “had freedom to carry as many slaves per ship as possible” to foreign colonies after 1788.1 He takes issue with my argument in Econocide that the British regulatory acts applied equally to those in the British direct trade to foreign colonies.2 In support of this he cites instances of British slave ships that undoubtedly loaded far more than the allowed slaves per ton in 1803.

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Mason, John Edwin. „Hendrik Albertus and his Ex-slave Mey: A Drama in Three Acts“. Journal of African History 31, Nr. 3 (November 1990): 423–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700031169.

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This essay draws on documents relating to a single extraordinary episode, and on supporting materials, to illustrate aspects of the mentalités of slaves, slave-owners, and Protectors of Slaves in the British South African colony of the Cape of Good Hope. The narrative follows the story of a slave, Mey, who was harshly beaten twice within six days in 1832. Mey, and several other slaves who had been whipped for the same offence, accepted the first punishment; Mey complained about the second, which he alone suffered, to a colonial official called the Protector of Slaves. The Protector vigorously investigated the complaint. Mey's master, Hendrik Albertus van Niekerk, co-operated only reluctantly with the investigation. As the Protector pursued the case, van Niekerk suddenly brought it to an end by manumitting Mey, giving cash compensation to the other slaves he had whipped, and paying legal fines.The behaviour of each of the men fails to conform to the roles conventional wisdom has prepared for masters, slaves, and colonial officials. The essay demonstrates that the men were not eccentric, but that they were both rational and representative of their class. Mey acted as he did because the slaves had developed a ‘moral economy of the lash’ and because the second beating fell outside the boundaries of acceptable punishment by those standards. The Protector prosecuted van Niekerk with determination because he believed the punishment had been brutal and capricious and because Mey was a good slave who had been wronged. Hendrik Albertus freed Mey and compensated the other slaves because he refused to accept the legitimacy of the Protector. He settled the case before he was forced to visit the Protector's office or face Mey in court. To have honored the law and to have answered Mey's charge directly would have been to dishonor himself. He would have compromised the power and authority on which his honor as a slave-owner rested. Hendrik Albertus valued his honor more highly than one slave and a few pounds Sterling.

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Webb, James L. A. „The Horse and Slave Trade Between the Western Sahara and Senegambia“. Journal of African History 34, Nr. 2 (Juli 1993): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700033338.

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Following the late fifteenth- and sixteenth-century cavalry revolution in Senegambia, the horse and slave trade became a major sector of the desert-edge political economy. Black African states imported horses from North Africa and the western Sahara in exchange for slaves. Over time, under conditions of increasing aridity, the zone of desert horse-breeding was pushed south, and through crossbreeding with the small disease-resistant indigenous horses of the savanna, new breeds were created. Although the savanna remained an epidemiologically hostile environment for the larger and more desirable horses bred in North Africa, in the high desert and along the desert fringe, Black African states continued to import horses in exchange for slaves into the period of French colonial rule.The evidence assembled on the horse trade into northern Senegambia raises the difficult issue of the relative quantitative importance of the Atlantic and Saharan/North African slave trades and calls into question the assumption that the Atlantic slave trade was the larger of the two. Most available evidence concerns the Wolof kingdoms of Waalo and Kajoor. It suggests that the volume of slaves exported north into the desert from Waalo in the late seventeenth century was probably at least ten times as great as the volume of slaves exported into the Atlantic slave trade. For both Waalo and Kajoor, this ratio declined during the first half of the eighteenth century as slave exports into the Atlantic markets increased. The second half of the eighteenth century saw an increase in predatory raiding from the desert which produced an additional flow of north-bound slaves. For Waalo and Kajoor – and probably for the other Black African states of northern Senegambia – the flow of slaves north to Saharan and North African markets probably remained the larger of the two export volumes over the eighteenth century. This northward flow of slaves continued strong after the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade and was only shut down with the imposition of French colonial authority.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Slaves – history"

Burks, Andrew Mason. „Roman Slavery: A Study of Roman Society and Its Dependence on slaves“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1951.

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Rome's dependence upon slaves has been well established in terms of economics and general society. This paper, however, seeks to demonstrate this dependence, during the end of the Republic and the beginning of the Empire, through detailed examples of slave use in various areas of Roman life. The areas covered include agriculture, industry, domestic life, the state, entertainment, intellectual life, military, religion, and the use of female slaves. A look at manumission demonstrates Rome's growing awareness of this dependence. Through this discussion, it becomes apparent that Roman society existed during this time as it did due to slavery. Rome depended upon slavery to function and maintain its political, social, and economic stranglehold on the Mediterranean area and beyond.

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Mund, Stéphane. „Genèse et développement de la représentation du monde "russe" en Occident (Xe - XVIe siècles)“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211728.

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Simpson, Tiwanna Michelle. „'She has her country marks very conspicuous in the face' : African culture and community in early Georgia /“. The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486549482672375.

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Riley, Jamin P. „Misrepresenting Misery: Slaves, Servants, and Motives in Early Virginia“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1332104882.

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Mercer, A. P. „Medicine and slavery : The health of slaves in the Louisiana sugar and South Carolina rice regions 1795-1860“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374801.

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Williams, Jan Mark. „Stretching the Chains: Runaway Slaves in South Carolina and Jamaica“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625689.

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Close, Stacey K. „Elderly slaves of the plantation south : somewhere between heaven and earth /“. The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779914824944.

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Geraghty, Mary. „Domestic Management of Woodlawn Plantation: Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis and Her Slaves“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625788.

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Jarvis, Michael J. „Cedars, Sloops and Slaves: The Development of the Bermuda Shipbuilding Industry, 1680-1750“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625759.

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Kerr, Laura Lee. „Bondage on the Border: Slaves and Slaveholders in Tazewell County, Virginia“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626665.

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Bücher zum Thema "Slaves – history"

1949-, Finkelman Paul, Hrsg. Fugitive slaves. New York: Garland, 1989.

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Manegold, C. S. Ten Hills Farm: The forgotten history of slavery in the North. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.

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Muḥammad, Ibrāhīm ʻAbd al-Majīd. Dirāsāt fī maṣādir tijārat al-raqīq fī al-qārah al-Afrīqīyah fī al-qarn al-tāsiʻ ʻashar. Al-Qāhirah: Maktabat al-Nahḍah al-Miṣrīyah, 2008.

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Fitts, Robert K. Inventing New England's slave paradise: Master/slave relations in eighteenth-century Narragansett, Rhode Island. [Ann Arbore, Mich: UMI, 1995.

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Sharlowe. When Gods were slaves, or, A search for truth. Longdenville, Trinidad: Sharlow Mohammed, 1993.

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Machado, Alan. Slaves of Sultans. Goa, India: Goa 1556, 2015.

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Tadman, Michael. Speculators and slaves: Masters, traders, and slaves in the Old South. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996.

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1967-, Ashton Susanna, und Adams Robyn E, Hrsg. I belong to South Carolina: South Carolina slave narratives : the lives of Boston King, Clarinda, "A runaway," John Andrew Jackson, Jacob Stroyer, Irving Lowery, and Sam Aleckson. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2010.

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Prince, Mary. The history of Mary Prince, West Indian slave narrative. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2004.

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S, Coddon Karin, Hrsg. Runaway Slaves. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Slaves – history"

Kim, Sun Joo. „Slavery in Chosŏn Korea“. In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History, 319–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_18.

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AbstractChosŏn Korea (1392–1910) was one of the most enduring slave societies in world history. This chapter discusses how slavery as an institution evolved during the Chosŏn dynasty, paying particular attention to the emergence of a large-scale slave society, the socio-economic values of slavery within the social hierarchy, slaves’ legal status and their agency in managing their lives, various means through which slaves achieved their freedom, and the socio-economic, legal, and moral factors that contributed to the dissolution of slavery.

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Achim, Viorel. „Slavery in Southeastern Europe“. In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History, 535–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_30.

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AbstractIn Southeastern Europe, slavery was present in various forms from antiquity until the nineteenth century. During the 1800s, slavery as a social reality still existed in the Ottoman Empire (including its European provinces) as well as in the Romanian principalities. Wallachia and Moldavia had slaves and slavery since their founding in the fourteenth century. Around the middle of the nineteenth century, the roughly 250000 slaves living in the two countries represented seven percent of the total population. There were three categories of slaves: state slaves, slaves owned by monasteries, and privately owned slaves. The slave population was diverse in numerous ways. In terms of their ethnicity, most slaves were Roma, while some were of Romanian or other origin. As in previous centuries, they played an important role in the country’s economy—primarily by way of the enslaved craftsmen who practiced their crafts itinerantly in villages. This chapter reconstructs the history of slavery, abolitionism, and emancipation in the Romanian principalities between the 1830s and the 1850s, with reference to previous periods and similar processes taking place around the same time in other geographical areas.

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Chakraborty, Titas. „Slavery in the Indian Ocean World“. In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History, 339–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_19.

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AbstractThis chapter provides a comprehensive history of various forms of slavery in what came to be known in historical works as the Indian Ocean World, or a specific zone of multi-regional connections through maritime practices. It explores the dynamics of enslavement including the trade in slaves, the range of work that enslaved men and women performed, and the possibilities of social mobility for slaves and ex-slaves. In doing so, the chapter familiarizes readers with three major historiographical debates in the field, namely, who/what constituted the figure of a slave; the relationship between slavery in the Indian Ocean world and other forms of bondage such as the Atlantic slavery and indentured servitude; and the relationship between abolition and colonialism in the Indian Ocean world.

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Bonazza, Giulia. „Slavery in the Mediterranean“. In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History, 227–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_13.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on slavery in the Mediterranean region from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century, and especially in the Northern Mediterranean basin, including the Italian states, France, Spain, and Portugal. Comparing the situation in Southern European states to that in the Ottoman Empire and its satellite states enables an analysis of the forms of reciprocity and the commonalities inherent in slave trade practices around the Mediterranean. The Mediterranean was at the center of larger slave trading networks whose slaves originated from all over the world. More specifically, this chapter examines various forms of enslavement and types of work performed by slaves, along with the different levels of coercion involved in them. In its conclusion, the chapter details some of the exit strategies that enabled slaves to become free—both in socio-economic terms and from a legal perspective.

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Haug, Robert J. „Slaves with Swords“. In Game of Thrones versus History, 111–21. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119249450.ch8.

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Cardoso, José Luís. „Sugar, slaves and gold“. In A History of Brazilian Economic Thought, 41–64. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003185871-5.

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Barker, Hannah. „Slavery in the Black Sea Region“. In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History, 159–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_9.

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AbstractDuring the medieval period, people in the Black Sea region both owned slaves and exported them. The majority of Black Sea slaves were not born into that status; they became enslaved either through capture or sale. Once enslaved, they might be kept locally for domestic and sexual service, or they might be commodified and sold into long-distance commercial networks that extended east toward China and west toward the Mediterranean. An end to enslavement could not be taken for granted: some slaves were ransomed, some were individually manumitted, some escaped, but many died in slavery.

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Fraser, James W. „Rebellious Slaves, Free Blacks, and Abolitionists“. In A History of Hope, 67–92. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09784-2_5.

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Morales, Fábio Augusto. „Metics, slaves and citizens in classical Athens“. In Ancient History from Below, 195–215. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003005148-13.

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Goldman, Rachael B. „Plautus’ and Terence’s Colorful Pimps and Slaves“. In Essays in Global Color History, herausgegeben von Rachael B. Goldman, 163–74. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463236632-013.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Slaves – history"

Garone, Priscilla Maria Cardoso, und Ana Elisa Pereira Poubel. „Design, luddism and education: the development of a game about the African slaves’ history in Brazil“. In 6th Information Design International Conference. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/designpro-cidi-56.

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SMITH, JENNIFER. „Placemaking through Storytelling: Remembering Sacred Spaces“. In 2021 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.21.15.

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In an Alabama town there is a bottom-up movement to communicate under-represented, African-American history through a series of “sacred sites” in the landscape. This under- represented history includes: former slaves engaged in early city development, Black land owners, redlining practices, and racial injustice. History education presently does not have the capacity to fully discuss these truths, and there is a movement to make them apparent in our cities. Rosenwald Schools, lynching sites, cemeteries, and formerly segregated schools are considered sacred due to their significance in the African- American and simply, American experience. In The Power of Place Dolores Hayden argues that we are fascinated with the past when touring historic sites but miss opportunities to translate this to our neighborhoods imbued with place- making potential. She states, “If Americans were to find their own social history preserved in the public landscapes of their own neighborhoods and cities, then connection to the past might be different” (Hayden, 46). This connection to place and history exists for local African-American families and has potential to engage a collective city. While some histories are painful, all should be evident for united progress. As stated by a Community Remembrance Project member, “There can be no reconciliation and healing without remembering the past” (2021).

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Oppenheimer, Nat, und Luis C. deBaca. „Ending the Market for Human Slavery Through Design“. In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1797.

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The design and construction of structures throughout history has too often been realized through the labor of enslaved people, both in the direct construction of these structures and in the procurement and fabrication of building materials. This is as true today as it was at the time of the pyramids.Despite the challenges, the design and construction industries have a moral and ethical obligation to eradicate modern human trafficking practices. If done right, this shift will also lead to commercial advances.Led by the Grace Farms Foundation, a Connecticut-based non-profit organization, a working group composed of design professionals, builders, owners, and academics has set out to eliminate the use of modern slaves within the built environment through awareness, agency, and tangible tools. Although inspired by the success of the green building movement, this initiative does not use the past as a template. Rather, we are committed to work with the most advanced tracking and aggregation technology to give owners, builders, and designers the tools they need to allow for clear and concise integration of real-time data into design and construction documents.This paper summarizes the history of the issue, the moral, ethical, and commercial call to action, and the tangible solutions – both existing and emergent – in the fight against modern-day slavery in the design and construction industries.Our intent is to present this material via a panel discussion. The panel will include an owner, an international owner’s representative, a builder, a big data specialist, an architect, an engineer, and a writer/academic who will act as moderator.

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Novaković, Milan. „IZAZOVI LOKALNOG OMBUDSMANA U SRBIJI U VREME „GLOBALNE PANDEMIJE"“. In Razvoj i unapređenje institucije ombudsmana u funkciji zaštite ljudskih prava. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/ruio23.185n.

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As the history of the civilization as we know it changed – so did The attitude about a man as a human being. With the evolution of society and human consciousness, human rights and freedoms also evolved, so troughout history we have seen people in The Old Century as a “slaves”, in The Middle Century as a “labor”, and in The New Century as a “citizens”. Civil and political rights are considered universal rights that apply to any of us and that each of us acquires(gets)at birth. The evolution in the development of human rights and freedom has led to the fact that they are incorporated into The Constitutions of countries, international affairs but the more acts are there - the greater are the chances that someone violates them. Freedom as a value today is going trough its greatest trials, and human rights and freedoms are being restricted today, more than ever before, for numerous of reasons, and The Concept of human rights development to the institutional framework called – The Constitution and citizen rights is called into question. In this Era of globalism and transhumanism acts(Protocols of WHO) passed by supranational organizations, such as The so-called “World Health Organization UN” have stronger legal power than the Constitution of states. Over time, The General acts of global/transnational organizations gained so much importance that they become more important to the administrative bodies in Serbia, than The most important legal act in the country – The Constitution. This is the root of all problems because the hierarchy of legal acts in the country is broken, so in the continuation of this paper, on the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of The Institution of The Local ombudsmen in Serbia, I’ll explain, using my example from practice how I - by protecting The Constitution of The Republic of Serbia and The Institution of The Local ombudsmen in Serbia – finished(ended up) at the court.

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De Silva, Clarence. „Intelligent Robotics—Misconceptions, Current Trends and Opportunities“. In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/jxkf1936.

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The concepts of “Robots” have been of interest to humans from the historical times, initially with the desire to create “artificial slaves.” Since the technology was not developing to keep up with the “dreams,” initially Robotics was primarily of entertainment value, relegated to plays, movies, stories, and so on. The practical applications started in the late 1950s and the 1960s with the development of programmable devices for factories and assembly lines, as flexible automation. However, since the expectations were not adequately realized, the general enthusiasm and funding for Robotics subsided to some extent. With subsequent research, developments, and curricular enhancement in Engineering and Computer Science and with the resurgence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning, Robotics has found numerous practical applications today, in industry, medicine, household, the service sector, and the general society. Important developments and practical strides are being made, particularly in Soft Robotics, Mobile Robotics (Aerial—drones, Under Water, Ground-based—autonomous vehicles in particular), Swarm Robotics, Homecare, Surgery, Assistive Devices, and Active Prosthesis. This talk will start with a brief history of Robotics while indicating some associated myths and unfair expectations. Next it will outline key developments in the area. In particular, some important practical applications of Intelligent Robotics, as developed by groups worldwide including the Industrial Automation Laboratory at the University of British Columbia, headed by the author, will be indicated. Some misconceptions and shortcomings concerning Intelligent Robotics will be pointed out. The main shortcomings concern the mechanical capabilities and the nature of intelligence. The talk will conclude by mentioning future trends and key opportunities available in Intelligent Robotics, for both developed and developing counties.

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Мондры, В. „История польского «Словаря славянских древностей» за четверть века с момента его создания“. In Межкультурное и межъязыковое взаимодействие в пространстве Славии (к 110-летию со дня рождения С. Б. Бернштейна). Институт славяноведения РАН, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0459-6.30.

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“The Dictionary of Slavic Antiquities” is an encyclopaedic summary of the current state of knowledge about the history and culture of the Slavs on a global scale. The first attempts to create this dictionary were undertaken in 1927 but only its post-war concept was fully successful. This article presents the course of work on the dictionary, the stages of its creation, as well as the specifics of the entire publishing process.

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Карпенко, Л. Б. „Возрождение отечественной славистики: к 110-летию профессора С. Б. Бернштейна“. In Межкультурное и межъязыковое взаимодействие в пространстве Славии (к 110-летию со дня рождения С. Б. Бернштейна). Институт славяноведения РАН, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0459-6.04.

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The report traces the role of the outstanding Soviet slavist, professor S. Bernstein in the revival of Russian Slavic studies in the second half of the XX century. The author relies on the memoirs of scientists of the Institute of Slavic Studies and Moscow University and on the materials of the book of memoirs of S. Bernstein “Zigzags of Memory” (2002). The name “Zigzags of memory” correlates not only with the memories of the scientist, but also with the zigzags of the history of Russian Slavic science. The author traces the path of Slavic science in the Soviet period, which was thorny due to the well-known persecution of slavistics in the 20–30 years of the XX century. In the middle of the XX century, prof. S. B. Bernstein became the organizer of the revival of the entire Slavic branch. The role of the scientist in the organization of the Slavic department of Moscow State University and the training of slavists, in the work of the Institute of Slavic Studies, in the development of a number of significant science areas is shown: slavic dialectology and linguogeography, comparative historical grammar of slavic languages, ethnolinguistics and slavic antiquities, Cyril and Methodius problems, etc.

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Бубликов, Василий, und Юлия Батвинова. „SLAVIC PEOPLES: HISTORY AND MODERNITY“. In Slavic ethnic groups, languages and cultures in the modern world. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/seyaikvsm-2021-09-23.2.

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Gimadeev, Timur V. „Goll’s School and “The Controversy about the Meaning of Czech History”“. In Slavic World: Commonality and Diversity. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0869.2021.1.06.

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„Using Theorums of Plasticity: History and Concept“. In SP-183: Design of Two-Way Slabs. American Concrete Institute, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/5535.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Slaves – history"

Lebedeva, G. N. PAN-SLAVISM IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN AND SLAVIC THOUGHT. Proceedings of the St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lebedeva-3-2015doi.

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Hagedorn, G. W., M. Ross, R. C. Paulen, I. R. Smith, C M Neudorf, T. Gingerich und O B Lian. Ice-flow and deglacial history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in the southwestern Great Slave Lake area, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/315361.

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Nelson, Margot, Michael Antonioni, Vincent Santucci und Justin Tweet. Oxon Run Parkway: Paleontological resource inventory; supplement to the National Capital Parks-East paleontological resource inventory. National Park Service, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287217.

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Oxon Run Parkway (OXRN) is a 51-hectare (126-acre) natural area within Washington, D.C. administered by the National Park Service under National Capital Parks East (NACE). The original plan called for a road, slated to follow Oxon Run stream, but this never came to fruition; despite this, the moniker stuck. The majority of the original Oxon Run Parkway is managed by the District of Columbia. The section of Oxon Run Parkway under NPS jurisdiction contains wetlands and forests, as well as the only McAteean magnolia bogs still remaining in the District. The lower Cretaceous Potomac Group, known as one of the few dinosaur-bearing rock units on the east coast of North America, crops out within Oxon Run. One of the most prevalent fossil-bearing resources are the siderite, or “bog iron” sandstone slabs that sometimes preserve the footprints or trackways of various vertebrates, including dinosaurs. Such trackways have been reported from Potomac Group outcrops throughout the Atlantic Coastal Plain of Maryland and Virginia. In 2019, National Capital Parks-East took possession of such a track, referred to a dinosaur, collected by paleontologist Dr. Peter Kranz. This report was compiled after a paleontological survey of Oxon Run Parkway and is intended as a supplement to the National Capital Parks East Paleontological Resource Inventory (Nelson et al. 2019). This report contains information on the history of Oxon Run Parkway and its geology, as well as discussion of the fossil track.

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Eslava, Francisco, und Felipe Valencia Caicedo. Origins of Latin American Inequality. Inter-American Development Bank, Juli 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004993.

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How deep are the roots of Latin America's economic inequalities? In this chapter we survey both the history and the literature about the region's extreme economic disparities, focusing on the most recent academic contributions. We begin by documenting the broad patterns of national and sub-national differences in income and inequality, building on the seminal contributions of Engerman and Sokoloff (2000; 2002, 2005) and aiming to capture different dimensions of inequality. We then proceed thematically, providing empirical evidence and summarizing the key recent studies on colonial institutions, slavery, land reform, education and the role of elites. Finally, we conduct a “replication” exercise with some seminal papers in the literature, extending their economic results to include different measures of inequality as outcomes.

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Eslava, Francisco, und Felipe Valencia Caicedo. Origins of Latin American Inequality. Inter-American Development Bank, Juli 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005041.

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Seggane, Musisi. AFROCENTRICITY: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. Afya na Haki Institute, Juli 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.63010/j48nfur.

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To understand today, we need to know what happened yesterday; then we can plan for tomorrow. The topic of Afrocentricity is big, all encompassing, covering all aspects of life of a people. One cannot do justice to it in a single paper; it covers all disciplines. This, therefore, can only be the first, to start a series of future papers on this emotive subject. As an inaugural paper it will present and discuss Afrocentricity from a historical perspective. It will be presented in four sections: I. Introduction: Definitions, philosophy and purpose of Afrocentricity. II. Brief History Of Africa: Origins of humanity, civilization, movements, migrations, empires and kingdoms III. Things Fall Apart: European invasion, slavery and dehumanization of the African, colonization. IV. Africa Today: Resistance, Independence, Post-colonial Africa, Decolonization and Decoloniality.

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Shammo, Turkiya, Diana Amin Saleh und Nassima Khalaf. Displaced Yazidi Women in Iraq: Persecution and Discrimination Based on Gender, Religion, Ethnic Identity and Displacement. Institute of Development Studies, Dezember 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.010.

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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the marginalisation, discrimination and exclusion faced by displaced Yazidi women in Iraq. Throughout the history of their presence in Iraq, the Yazidis have experienced harassment, persecution, killing and displacement. Most recently, they have been exposed to genocide from the Islamic State (ISIS) group after they took control of Sinjar district and the cities of Bahzani and Bashiqa in the Nineveh Plain in 2014, destroying Yazidi homes, schools, businesses and places of worship. Yazidi people were killed or forced to convert to Islam. Over 6,000 were kidnapped, including over 3,500 women and girls, many of whom were forced into sexual slavery. Men and boys were murdered or forced to become soldiers. Any remaining citizens were displaced. Seven years later, more than 2,000 Yazidi women and children were still missing or in captivity, more than 100,000 Yazidis had migrated abroad, and over 200,000 Yazidi people were still displaced, living in camps.

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Posey, C. M. Core photographs and well history files for the Houston Pit #1, Kashwitna Lake #1, Little Su #1, Sheep Creek #1, and Slats #1 coal-bed methane wells. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Mai 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/23903.

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Jefferson, C. W., S. Pehrsson, V. Tschirhart, T. Peterson, L. Chorlton, K. Bethune, J. C. White et al. Geology and metallogeny of the northeast Thelon Basin region, Nunavut, and comparison with the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332499.

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Based on extensive remapping of the northeast Thelon Basin region in Nunavut, uranium exploration criteria are adapted from those of the Athabasca Basin in Saskatchewan, as basin-specific paradigms. The Athabasca Basin straddles the Rae and Hearne cratons and the Taltson magmatic zone, whereas the Thelon Basin rests entirely within the Rae Craton. In the Athabasca Basin, four unconformity-bounded siliciclastic sequences with different paleocurrents record a complex depositional history, whereas the Thelon Formation is a single, albeit cyclic siliciclastic unit with uni-modal paleocurrents. Beneath the Athabasca Basin, amphibolite-grade, conductive graphitic-pyritic-Paleoproterozoic units localize all major deposits. Conductor analogues below the Thelon Basin are barren, impermeable, black slate of anchizone to lower-greenschist-facies grade. Instead, the Thelon uranium deposit host rocks are Neoarchean pyritic greywacke and epiclastic rocks that range in metamorphic grade from lower- to upper-amphibolite facies. Similar mineralogical sources, saline brines, alteration (fluorapatite, aluminum-phosphate-sulphate minerals, chlorite, clays, and desilicification), and reactivated intersecting faults focused unconformity-type uranium mineralization in each basin. Previously published ages for pre-ore fluorapatite cements of the Athabasca and Thelon basins (1638 versus 1688 to 1667 Ma, respectively) reaffirm their independent diagenetic-hydrothermal histories.

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Crystal, Victoria, Justin Tweet und Vincent Santucci. Yucca House National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, Mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293617.

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Yucca House National Monument (YUHO) in southwestern Colorado protects unexcavated archeological structures that were constructed by the Ancestral Puebloan people between 1050 and 1300 CE. It was established by Woodrow Wilson by presidential proclamation in 1919 and named “Yucca House” by archeologist Jesse Fewkes as a reference to the names used for this area by the local Ute, Tewa Pueblo, and other Native groups. It was originally only 3.9 ha (9.6 ac) of land, but in 1990, an additional 9.7 ha (24 ac) of land was donated by Hallie Ismay, allowing for the protection of additional archeological resources. Another acquisition of new land is currently underway, which will allow for the protection of even more archeological sites. The archeological resources at YUHO remain unexcavated to preserve the integrity of the structures and provide opportunities for future generations of scientists. One of the factors that contributed to the Ancestral Puebloans settling in the area was the presence of natural springs. These springs likely provided enough water to sustain the population, and the Ancestral Puebloans built structures around one of the larger springs, Aztec Spring. Yet, geologic features and processes were shaping the area of southwest Colorado long before the Ancestral Puebloans constructed their dwellings. The geologic history of YUHO spans millions of years. The oldest geologic unit exposed in the monument is the Late Cretaceous Juana Lopez Member of the Mancos Shale. During the deposition of the Mancos Shale, southwestern Colorado was at the bottom of an inland seaway. Beginning about 100 million years ago, sea level rose and flooded the interior of North America, creating the Western Interior Seaway, which hosted a thriving marine ecosystem. The fossiliferous Juana Lopez Member preserves this marine environment, including the organisms that inhabited it. The Juana Lopez Member has yielded a variety of marine fossils, including clams, oysters, ammonites, and vertebrates from within YUHO and the surrounding area. There are four species of fossil bivalves (the group including clams and oysters) found within YUHO: Cameleolopha lugubris, Inoceramus dimidius, Inoceramus perplexus, and Pycnodonte sp. or Rhynchostreon sp. There are six species of ammonites in three genera found within YUHO: Baculites undulatus, Baculites yokoyamai, Prionocyclus novimexicanus, Prionocyclus wyomingensis, Scaphites warreni, and Scaphites whitfieldi. There is one unidentifiable vertebrate bone that has been found in YUHO. Fossils within YUHO were first noticed in 1875–1876 by W. H. Holmes, who observed fossils within the building stones of the Ancestral Puebloans’ structures. Nearly half of the building stones in the archeological structures at YUHO are fossiliferous slabs of the Juana Lopez Member. There are outcrops of the Juana Lopez 0.8 km (0.5 mi) to the west of the structures, and it is hypothesized that the Ancestral Puebloans collected the building stones from these or other nearby outcrops. Following the initial observation of fossils, very little paleontology work has been done in the monument. There has only been one study focused on the paleontology and geology of YUHO, which was prepared by paleontologist Mary Griffitts in 2001. As such, this paleontological resource inventory report serves to provide information to YUHO staff for use in formulating management activities and procedures associated with the paleontological resources. In 2021, a paleontological survey of YUHO was conducted to revisit previously known fossiliferous sites, document new fossil localities, and assess collections of YUHO fossils housed at the Mesa Verde National Park Visitor and Research Center. Notable discoveries made during this survey include: several fossils of Cameleolopha lugubris, which had not previously been found within YUHO; and a fossil of Pycnodonte sp. or Rhynchostreon sp. that was previously unknown from within YUHO.

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