Thematische Bibliographien / Skin barrier model

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Skin barrier model“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 15. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Skin barrier model"

Norlén, Lars. „Skin Barrier Formation: The Membrane Folding Model“. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 117, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2001): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01445.x.

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Jung, Ye-On, Haengdueng Jeong, Yejin Cho, Eun-Ok Lee, Hye-Won Jang, Jinwook Kim, Kitaek Nam und Kyung-Min Lim. „Lysates of a Probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Can Improve Skin Barrier Function in a Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, Nr. 17 (02.09.2019): 4289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174289.

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The main function of the skin is to protect the body from the external environment. The barrier function of the skin is mainly provided by the stratum corneum, which consists of corneocytes bound with the corneodesmosomes and lamellar lipids. Skin barrier proteins like loricrin and filaggrin also contribute to the skin barrier function. In various skin diseases, skin barrier dysfunction is a common symptom, and skin irritants like detergents or surfactants could also perturb skin barrier function. Many efforts have been made to develop strategies to improve skin barrier function. Here, we investigated whether the microfluidized lysates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), one of the most widely used probiotic species for various health benefits, may improve the skin barrier function in a reconstructed human epidermis, Keraskin™. Application of LR lysate on Keraskin™ increased the expression of tight junction proteins; claudin 1 and occludin as determined by immunofluorescence analysis, and skin barrier proteins; loricrin and filaggrin as determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis and qPCR. Also, the cytotoxicity of a skin irritant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), was alleviated by the pretreatment of LR lysate. The skin barrier protective effects of LR lysate could be further demonstrated by the attenuation of SLS-enhanced dye-penetration. LR lysate also attenuated the destruction of desmosomes after SLS treatment. Collectively, we demonstrated that LR lysate has protective effects on the skin barrier, which could expand the utility of probiotics to skin-moisturization ingredients.

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Veryser, Lieselotte, Evelien Wynendaele, Lien Taevernier, Frederick Verbeke, Tanmayee Joshib, Pratima Tatke und Bart De Spiegeleer. „N-alkylamides: from plant to brain“. Functional Foods in Health and Disease 4, Nr. 6 (25.07.2014): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v4i6.6.

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Background: Plant N-alkylamides (NAAs) are bio-active compounds with a broad functional spectrum. In order to reach their pharmacodynamic targets, they have to overcome several barriers of the body in the absorption phase. The permeability kinetics of spilanthol (a diene NAA) and pellitorine (a triene NAA) across these barriers (i.e. skin, oral/gut mucosa, blood-brain barrier) were investigated.Methods: The skin and oral mucosa permeability were investigated using human skin and pig mucosa in an ex vivo in vitro Franz diffusion cell set-up. The gut absorption characteristics were examined using the in vitro Caco-2 cell monolayer test system. The initial blood-brain barrier transport kinetics were investigated in an in vivo mice model using multiple time regression and efflux experiments. Quantification of both NAAs was conducted using HPLC-UV and bio-analytical UPLC-MS methods.Results: We demonstrated that spilanthol and pellitorine are able to penetrate the skin after topical administration. It is likely that spilanthol and pellitorine can pass the endothelial gut as they easily pass the Caco-2 cells in the monolayer model. It has been shown that spilanthol also crosses the oral mucosa as well as the blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that NAAs pass various physiological barriers i.e. the skin, oral and gut mucosa, and after having reached the systemic circulation, also the blood-brain barrier. As such, NAAs are cosmenutriceuticals which can be active in the brain.Key words: Plant N-alkylamides, pharmacokinetics, mucosa/skin, blood-brain barrier (BBB), cosmenutriceuticals

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Rissmann, Robert, Marion H. M. Oudshoorn, Wim E. Hennink, Maria Ponec und Joke A. Bouwstra. „Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model“. Archives of Dermatological Research 301, Nr. 8 (07.04.2009): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00403-009-0946-6.

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Opálka, Lukáš, Andrej Kováčik, Petra Pullmannová, Jaroslav Maixner und Kateřina Vávrová. „Effects of omega-O-acylceramide structures and concentrations in healthy and diseased skin barrier lipid membrane models“. Journal of Lipid Research 61, Nr. 2 (19.12.2019): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.ra119000420.

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Ceramides (Cers) with ultralong (∼32-carbon) chains and ω-esterified linoleic acid, composing a subclass called omega-O-acylceramides (acylCers), are indispensable components of the skin barrier. Normal barriers typically contain acylCer concentrations of ∼10 mol%; diminished concentrations, along with altered or missing long periodicity lamellar phase (LPP), and increased permeability accompany an array of skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and ichthyoses. We developed model membranes to investigate the effects of the acylCer structure and concentration on skin lipid organization and permeability. The model membrane systems contained six to nine Cer subclasses as well as fatty acids, cholesterol, and cholesterol sulfate; acylCer content—namely, acylCers containing sphingosine (Cer EOS), dihydrosphingosine (Cer EOdS), and phytosphingosine (Cer EOP) ranged from zero to 30 mol%. Systems with normal physiologic concentrations of acylCer mixture mimicked the permeability and nanostructure of human skin lipids (with regard to LPP, chain order, and lateral packing). The models also showed that the sphingoid base in acylCer significantly affects the membrane architecture and permeability and that Cer EOP, notably, is a weaker barrier component than Cer EOS and Cer EOdS. Membranes with diminished or missing acylCers displayed some of the hallmarks of diseased skin lipid barriers (i.e., lack of LPP, less ordered lipids, less orthorhombic chain packing, and increased permeability). These results could inform the rational design of new and improved strategies for the barrier-targeted treatment of skin diseases.

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Danso, Mogbekeloluwa O., Tineke Berkers, Arnout Mieremet, Farzia Hausil und Joke A. Bouwstra. „Anex vivo humanskin model for studying skin barrier repair“. Experimental Dermatology 24, Nr. 1 (08.12.2014): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.12579.

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Lee, Sung, Il-Hong Bae, Paulo Marinho, Chang Lee und Jongsung Lee. „Reduced humidity induces skin barrier dysfunction and secretion of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) in a skin-equivalent model“. Archives of Biological Sciences 71, Nr. 4 (2019): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs190523052l.

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Seasonal changes can affect the physiological condition of the skin and cause various cutaneous disorders. The skin barrier function tends to worsen during winter when humidity is lower compared to other seasons. To determine the influence of relative humidity (RH) on the function of the skin barrier, we performed biological and histological assays using skin equivalents that were cultured under reduced humidity in an environmental humidity chamber. We found that reduced humidity led to decreased epidermal thickness and disruption of the skin barrier. Reduced humidity induced the decrease of filaggrin, loricrin and damage to tight junction. In addition, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), which has roles in the immunological process, was upregulated in a skin-equivalent model under reduced humidity. These results suggest that reduced humidity affects the skin barrier function and regulates the secretion of DPP4 in a skin-equivalent model.

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Hwang, Jee-Hyun, Haengdueng Jeong, Nahyun Lee, Sumin Hur, Nakyum Lee, Jeong Jun Han, Hye Won Jang, Wang Keun Choi, Ki Taek Nam und Kyung-Min Lim. „Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 2 (11.01.2021): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020657.

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Since the European Union (EU) announced their animal testing ban in 2013, all animal experiments related to cosmetics have been prohibited, creating a demand for alternatives to animal experiments for skin studies. Here, we investigated whether an ex vivo live porcine skin model can be employed to study the safety and skin barrier-improving effects of hydroxyacids widely used in cosmetics for keratolytic peels. Glycolic acid (1–10%), salicylic acid (0.2–2%), and lactobionic acid (1.2–12%) were used as representative substances for α-hydroxyacid (AHA), β-hydroxyacid (BHA), and polyhydroxyacid (PHA), respectively. When hydroxyacids were applied at high concentrations on the porcine skin every other day for 6 days, tissue viability was reduced to 50–80%, suggesting that the toxicity of cosmetic ingredients can be evaluated with this model. Based on tissue viability, the treatment scheme was changed to a single exposure for 20 min. The protective effects of a single exposure of hydroxyacids on skin barrier function were evaluated by examining rhodamine permeability and epidermal structural components of barrier function using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Lactobionic acid (PHAs) improved skin barrier function most compared to other AHAs and BHAs. Most importantly, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), an important functional marker of skin barrier function, could be measured with this model, which confirmed the significant skin barrier-protective effects of PHAs. Collectively, we demonstrated that the ex vivo live full-thickness porcine skin model can be an excellent alternative to animal experiments for skin studies on the safety and efficacy of cosmetic ingredients.

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Hwang, Jee-hyun, Haengdueng Jeong, Nahyun Lee, Sumin Hur, Nakyum Lee, Jeong Jun Han, Hye Won Jang, Wang Keun Choi, Ki Taek Nam und Kyung-Min Lim. „Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 2 (11.01.2021): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020657.

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Guo, Peng, Stanley D. Hillyard und Bingmei M. Fu. „A two-barrier compartment model for volume flow across amphibian skin“. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 285, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2003): R1384—R1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00168.2003.

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The amphibian skin has long been used as a model tissue for the study of ion transport and osmotic water movement across tight epithelia. To understand the mechanism of water uptake across amphibian skin, we model the skin as a well-stirred compartment bounded by an apical barrier and a tissue barrier. The compartment represents the lateral intercellular space between cells in the stratum granulosum. The apical barrier represents the stratum corneum, the principal/mitochondria-rich cells, and the junctional area between cells. This barrier is hypothesized to have the ability to actively transport solutes through Na+-K+-ATPase. The actively transported solute flux is assumed to satisfy the Michaelis-Menten relationship. The tissue barrier represents a composite barrier comprising the stratum spinosum, the stratum germinativum, the basal lamina, and the dermis. Our model shows that 1) the predicted rehydration rates from apical bathing solutions are in good agreement with the experiment results in Hillyard and Larsen ( J Comp Physiol 171: 283-292, 2001); 2) under their experimental conditions, there is a substantial volume flux coupled to the active solute flux and this coupled volume flux is nearly constant when the osmolality of the apical bathing solution is >100 mosmol/kgH2O; 3) the molar ratio of the actively transported solute flux to the coupled water flux is about 1:160, which is the same as that reported in Nielsen ( J Membr Biol 159: 61-69, 1997).

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Skin barrier model"

Ahmed, Khaled [Verfasser], Alfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Fahr, Dagmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer und Heike [Akademischer Betreuer] Bunjes. „Characterization and evaluation of the barrier properties of different skin models as an alternative model for human skin / Khaled Ahmed. Gutachter: Alfred Fahr ; Dagmar Fischer ; Heike Bunjes“. Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016391560/34.

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Trsek, Robert B. „"Hitting below the belt" : moral and legal barriers to the pursuit of risk-free conflict /“. Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=4ad3e56c-b14e-4035-8455-dee98de09d8c&rs=PublishedSearch.

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Yanok, Oksana. „Vliv glukosylsfingosinu na bariérovou funkci kůže a komplexního lipidového modelu kůže“. Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448530.

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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmeceutical technology Candidate: Oksana Yanok Supervisor: Pharm.Dr. Andrej Kováčik, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The effects of glucosyl sphingosine on barrier function of skin and complex skin model. The skin barrier, which provides protection from water loss and harmful environmental influences is located in the stratum corneum. The dominant group of lipids within the stratum corneum are ceramides (Cer), which also have the most important role in ensuring the barrier properties of the skin. The enzymes sphingomyelin deacylase and glucosylceramide deacylase hydrolyze the amide bond of Cer precursors, which leads to highly polar metabolites, called lysolipids. The increased activity of these enzymes is considered to be one of the major factors leading to the development of a number of skin diseases characterized by a skin barrier disorder (for example atopic dermatitis). In this study we prepared model membranes mimicking a healthy skin barrier as an equimolar mixtures of human Cer, cholesterol, free fatty acids with the addition of 5 % cholesterol sulfate. We also prepared models in which the amount of Cer was gradually reduced and replaced by the hydrophilic lysolipid glucosylsphingosine. The permeability was measured...

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Kubátová, Denisa. „Hodnocení sfingosinu, dihydrosfingosinu a fytosfingosinu v modelech kožní bariéry“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446356.

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Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Author: Denisa Kubátová Supervisor: PharmDr. Andrej Kováčik, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Lukáš Opálka, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Study of sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine in skin barrier models The stratum corneum (SC), the uppermost layer of the skin, localized in the uppermost part of the epidermis, represents the skin barrier of the organism. SC is composed of corneocytes and an intercellular lipid matrix, which is formed by ceramides (Cer), free fatty acids (FFA), and cholesterol (Chol) in an equimolar ratio. Substances from the group of sphingolipids - Cer, are sphingoid bases (for example, sphingosine (S), dihydrosphingosine (dS), phytosphingosine (P)) acylated with a fatty acid (for example, lignoceric acid (LIG)). In the lipid matrix, the metabolic products of Cer (free sphingoid bases) are also present, but their role in SC barrier functions is not clear. Some studies show that Cer with different sphingoid bases, and increased presence of free sphingoid bases, can lead to a change in the permeability of the skin barrier. This work aimed to study the effect of permeability of sphingoid bases on the model membrane permeability. Nine types of membranes were prepared; they...

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DaSilva, Sonia Cristina. „Barrier disruption in STAT6VT transgenic mice as a potential model for atopic dermatitis skin inflammation“. Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2488.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease with a lifetime prevalence of 10-20% in children and 1-3% in adults, worldwide. In the past three decades, prevalence of the disease has increased by two to three-fold in industrialized countries, with higher incidences in urban regions compared to rural regions. Mice with an activating mutation in STAT6, known as STAT6VT, constitutively express STAT6 in T-cells. Our preliminary data suggests significant differences between the STAT6VT transgenic mice from WT littermate controls treated with SLS. These findings correlate with evidence that there are abnormalities in the barrier function between these mice

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Jarešová, Zuzana. „Studium volných sfingoidních bází v kožní bariéře“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446213.

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Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Author: Zuzana Jarešová Supervisor: PharmDr. Andrej Kováčik, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Lukáš Opálka, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: STUDY OF FREE SPHINGOID BASES IN SKIN BARRIER The skin barrier, localized in the stratum corneum (SC), consists of corneocytes and an intercellular matrix formed from three types of lipids - ceramides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol, represented in an equimolar ratio. The overall arrangement of lipids is organized and highly specialized. Ceramides are structurally formed from the fatty acid acyl attached to a sphingoid base. In minor but not insignificant amounts, free sphingoid bases can also be found in the skin barrier. Several studies show that there is an increased concentration of free sphingoid bases in skin barrier disorders, such as atopic dermatitis. Although it is assumed that the presence of free sphingoid bases affects the skin barrier, it is not elucidated the way of their participation till today. The lack of studies or their diverse results leads us to the main goal of this thesis - to clarify how free sphingoid bases influence the skin barrier. In this work, the model membranes were prepared by the isolation of human SC ex vivo. Sphingosine (S),...

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Dulanská, Lucia. „Optimalizace modelu kožní bariéry s obsahem ceramidů izolovaných z lidského stratum corneum“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446434.

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Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Author: Lucia Dulanská Supervisor: Mgr. Petra Pullmannová, Ph.D Title of thesis: Optimization of the skin barrier model with isolated ceramides of human Stratum corneum Stratum corneum (SC), the uppermost layer of the skin, regulates transcutaneous water loss and protects against outer conditions and harmful substances. It consists of cornified cells - corneocytes and extracellular lipid matrix, which is responsible for the barrier functions. Corneocytes are covered with covalently bound lipids creating the corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE). CLE is considered to interconnect the extracellular lipids with corneocytes and to have a templating effect. We aimed to optimize a skin lipid model simulating also the presence of CLE. The lipidic part of the model was prepared from an equimolar mixture of isolated human skin ceramides (hCer), cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFA, either protonated or deuterated) with 5 weight % of cholesteryl sulfate. hCer were extracted from the isolated human SC and purified by the column chromatography. The composition of hCer was determined by the high- performance thin-layer chromatography. The reverse-phase and normal phase silica gel particles served as the CLE...

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Šimek, Matěj. „In vitro modely kožní bariéry“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445839.

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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate: Matěj Šimek Consultant: doc. Dr. rer. nat. Mgr. Jarmila Zbytovská Title of thesis: In vitro models of skin barrier The aim of this work is to summarize information about various types of skin models which are used for testing of permeability, toxicity, irritability and other aspects of drugs, through professional, verified and reviewed literature. These characteristics are necessary to know in order to grant optimal safety, effectiveness nad quality of transdermally administered drugs. Transdermal administration of drugs has got lots of benefits in contrast with classic peroral administration. An administration of drugs through this way is quite simple and it can be interrupted quite easily. We can also easily change a place of administration in which a drug is released and the risk of overdosing is very low. Furthermore, transdermal administration makes possible to maintain constant plasmatic concentration of drug in a blood stream and also to prolong the duration of effect of drugs with small halftime thanks to constant releasing of drug. And primarily, transdermally administered drug normally avoids the "first-pass" effect of liver, so the dose of drug can be lowered. The risk of drug...

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Růžičková, Karolína. „Hodnocení přípravy monovrstevných lipidových modelů kožní bariéry“. Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397407.

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Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Author: Karolína Růžičková Supervisor: PharmDr. Barbora Švecová, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Anna Nováčková Title of thesis: Evaluation of preparation of monolayer lipid skin barrier models Skin, the protective barrier of human body, consists of several layers. The uppermost one is the stratum corneum, part of epidermis, whose extracellular matrix is composed mainly of ceramides, cholesterol and free fatty acids. The composition and arrangement of skin lipids are essential for the proper skin barrier function. Various multilayer and monolayer models are used to study skin lipids at the molecular level. Some of the evaluation methods are Langmuir monolayers at the air interface. In this work I dealt with the behavior of monolayer lipid models at four different pH values of the liquid subphase. Lipids isolated from human skin, lipid mixture prepared from the individual components, and a mixture of fatty acids were compared as well. Langmuir isotherms and the Brewster angle microscopy at different compression rates were used for this purpose. The results showed that pH of the subphase has no major effect on lipids arrangement. Lipids were most likely to form a tight monolayer at neutral pH 7,0, at a...

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Nováčková, Anna. „Studium látek ovlivňujících propustnost kožní bariéry“. Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448095.

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Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate Mgr. Anna Nováčková Supervisor doc. Mgr. Jarmila Zbytovská, Dr. rer. nat. Title of Doctoral Thesis Study of substances affecting permeability of the skin barrier The skin barrier plays a vital role in protecting the human body and enables mammals' life on dry land. The epidermis has the primary barrier function due to several cells' layers, which gradually differentiate to their final stage, the stratum corneum (SC). SC is formed by stratified keratinocytes (known as corneocytes) surrounded by a lipid matrix. This intercellular matrix consists of an approximately equimolar ratio of ceramides, free fatty acids and cholesterol. These are particular substances formed in the epidermis from their precursors during the keratinocyte's differentiation, and their arrangement into the multilamellar structure is essential for the impermeability of the skin barrier. However, some substances or factors can disrupt the skin barrier. It is usually an undesirable process of lipid disbalance resulting in disorders or diseases of the skin barrier. On the other hand, specific substances have been developed for a reversible disruption of the skin barrier (so-called enhancers) to allow drug...

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Bücher zum Thema "Skin barrier model"

Vičanová, Jana. Skin barrier: Reconstructed epidermis as in vitro model for studies on the stratum corneum barrier formation. [Leiden: University of Leiden, 1998.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Skin barrier model"

Yamamoto, Y., K. Shirai, T. Kusuhara und T. Nakamura. „Construction of Skin Impedance Model for Evaluation of Skin Barrier Functions in Case Wet-Type Electrode“. In IFMBE Proceedings, 825–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02913-9_212.

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Norlén, L. „The single gel-phase and the membrane-folding model for skin barrier structure, function and formation“. In The Essential Stratum Corneum, 47–56. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14296-8.

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Black, Annie, Odile Damour und Kordula Schlotmann. „Investigating Human Skin Barrier Lipids with In Vitro Skin Models“. In Cosmetic Lipids and the Skin Barrier, 121–47. CRC Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14036-6.

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Sch√§fer, Ulrich, Claus-Michael Lehr, Nadial Zghoul und Heike Wagner. „Human skin and skin equivalents to study dermal penetration and permeation“. In Cell Culture Models of Biological Barriers, 289–309. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203219935.ch17.

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„Human skin and skin equivalents to study dermal penetration and permeation“. In Cell Culture Models of Biological Barriers, 315–35. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203219935-25.

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Harris, Renee. „Wordsworth, Keats and Cognitive Spaces of Empathy in Endymion“. In Distributed Cognition in Enlightenment and Romantic Culture, 53–73. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442282.003.0004.

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Eighteenth-century medicine provided an anatomical basis for the belief that our skin is not a barrier against but a channel to the feelings of others. Mutual adoption of the term ‘sympathy’ in medicine and moral philosophy exceeds metaphor to speak to the way Enlightenment and Romantic-era culture understood the body’s openness to external influence. While Romantic writers conceived of reading as an embodied social interaction between writer and reader, contrasting sentiments surfaced between those who celebrated the possibility for radical interconnectedness and those who feared the vulnerability of a penetrable self. William Wordsworth and John Keats experimented with poetic form to find how best to manage a reader’s engagement with the text and thereby shape their sympathetic faculties. Examining acts of reading in Wordsworth’s Prelude and Keats’s Endymion, I apply Giovanna Colombetti’s work on enacted spaces of empathy to show how Keats’s theory of feeling challenges Wordsworth’s and goes beyond Enlightenment models available to them to envision a more revolutionary model of social cognition. For Keats, poetry enacts a co-emergence of aesthetic experience where cognition and composition seem to occur between acts of writing and reading at the site of text.

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„Structural and Functional Correlations of Skin Barrier in Health and Disease: Models and Evaluation“. In Toxicology of the Skin, 124–44. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420079180-12.

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Cronin, M. T. D., und M. Hewitt. „In Silico Models to Predict Passage through the Skin and Other Barriers“. In Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry II, 725–44. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-045044-x/00285-6.

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Ghyselinck, Norbert B., und Pierre Chambon. „Animal Models for Retinoid Receptor Research: Implications for Epidermal Homeostasis, Skin Barrier Function, Wound Healing, and Atopic Dermatitis“. In Basic and Clinical Dermatology, 27–54. Informa Healthcare, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420021189.002.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Skin barrier model"

Guo, Peng, Stanley D. Hillyard und Bingmei M. Fu. „Water Flux Coupled to Active Solute Transport Across Amphibian Epidermis“. In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47207.

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We examine the water flux across amphibian skin driven by both the osmotic gradient and the active transport. Amphibian skin is modeled as a well-stirred compartment bounded by a mucosal barrier and a serosal barrier. The compartment represents the lateral intercellular space between cells in the stratum granulosum. The mucosal barrier is comprised of a cell barrier and a tight junctional barrier. The cell barrier is hypothesized to have the ability to actively transport solute (Na-K-ATPase) and the solute flux is assumed to satisfy the Machaelis-Menton relationship. Our model shows that: 1) there is a substantial water flux coupled to the active solute flux and this coupled water flux is nearly constant when the osmolality of the apical bathing solution is greater than 100 mOsm despite its variation; 2) the predicted rehydration rates from apical bathing solutions are in good agreement with the experiment results in Hillyard and Larsen [2]; 3) the molar ratio of the actively transported solute flux to the coupled water flux is 1:165, which is almost the same as that reported in Nielsen [5].

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Falkenberg, Cibele Vieira, und John G. Georgiadis. „Water and Solute Active Transport Through Model Epidermis: Contribution of Electrodiffusion“. In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62166.

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As part of a research program focusing on the role of human skin as a transport barrier, we formulate a coarse-grained model of the epidermis consisting of free extracellular water, live cells, and inert extracellular matrix subject to the coupling between molecular diffusive flux and electrokinetic flux (or electrodiffusion, as expressed by the Nernst-Planck equation). This polyphasic mathematical model accounts for active transport of physiologically-relevant solutes across the membrane of the live cells (keratinocytes), diffusion in the extracellular matrix and redistribution of water. The volume of the cell phase is regulated by the fluxes of water and Na+, K+ and Cl− ions across the cell membrane and is controlled according to the time-delay scheme introduced in the model of Hernandez & Cristina (1998). Computing the transient response of a 100 μm-thick viable epidermis layer exposed to a hyposmotic shock reveals that accounting for the electrokinetic flux in the extracellular domain has negligible effect on the results. This result suggests that a significant simplification of the model can be made in terms of decoupling the extracellular variation of the electrostatic field from the diffusion problem during the study of complex transepidermal transport.

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Bielenberg, Robert W., John D. Rohde und John D. Reid. „Design of the SAFER Emergency Gate Using LS-DYNA“. In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81078.

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In recent years, NASCAR and the Indy Racing League have improved the safety of their racetracks through the installation of the Steel And Foam Energy Reduction barrier (SAFER). The new barrier consists of a high-strength, tubular steel skin that distributes the impact load to energy-absorbing foam cartridges in order to reduce the severity of the impact, extends the impact event, and provides the occupant of the race car additional protection. During installation of the SAFER barrier, the designers realized that certain race tracks were designed with the emergency track exit in the outside of the corner. Because the SAFER barrier needed to be installed in these corners, a gate mechanism had to be designed for the barrier that would provide access to the track while retaining the safety performance of the system. Full-scale crash testing of the first SAFER gate design showed that the gate did not posses sufficient capacity to handle the loads experienced during a worst-case impact scenario. Non-linear finite element analysis was then used to redesign the gate mechanism. The original gate design was simulated using LS-DYNA in order to validate the computational model. Modifications to increase the capacity of the gate mechanism were designed and analyzed until suitable results were obtained through simulation. Finally, the redesigned SAFER gate was successfully full-scale crash tested.

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Batchu, Suresh, und S. Kishore Kumar. „Steady State Thermal Analysis of an Afterburner Liner“. In ASME 2013 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2013-3615.

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Military aero engines employ afterburner system for increasing the reheat thrust required during combat and takeoff. During reheat the gas temperature in the afterburner is of the order of 2100K.The afterburner liner has to be cooled with the available bypass air to maintain metal temperature within allowable limits. The liner has cooling rings at the rear to cool the liner with tangential film cooling. This paper discusses the methodology of afterburner liner metal temperature prediction and comparison with measured metal temperature during aero engine testing at reheat condition. All the modes of heat transfer are considered for thermal analysis, radiation due to higher level of gas temperature during reheat, conduction due to presence of low conductivity thermal barrier coating and convection due to higher gas velocities are considered. At different steady state reheat conditions metal temperature are predicted and compared with measured data during aero engine testing. The predicted skin temperatures and measured temperatures are in good agreement. Empirical correlations are used for estimating the heat loads coming on the liner and adiabatic film temperature near screech holes and cooling rings. Metal temperature and thermal loads coming onto the liner are predicted with 1D code. The estimated thermal loads are applied on 3D FE model to obtain nodal temperature distribution. The thermal Analysis is carried using ANSYS software in which thermal barrier coating is also modeled. The parameters like gas temperature, thermal barrier coating thickness, coating conductivity, and coolant mass flow distribution are considered for carrying out a sensitivity analysis of liner metal temperature.

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Jayson, Eric M., und Gregory R. Mathy. „Rapidly Deployable Lightweight Shelters for Austere Environments“. In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63721.

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An innovative solution for a rapidly deployable shelter for use in austere environments is presented in this paper. The design incorporates a self-erecting dome structure and a compressible, high R-value thermal barrier to enable rapid in-theatre deployment of personnel in harsh environmental conditions. The design concept presented in the paper was originally developed in response to the Army branch of the small business innovative research (SBIR) solicitation topic A11-099. The proposed 400 ft2 shelter meets the design goals of deployment by two people in 20 minutes, capability of withstanding 100 mph winds, and an R value of at least 15. These objectives have been proven via test, analysis, and mechanical demonstration of the key design components and systems. The primary structure consists of eight composite tubes. The tubes are slip-fit into a central hub; each member is similar to a spoke extending outward radially from the hub. A tension cable is run around the outer perimeter of the radial spokes, passing through a fitting at the tip of each spoke, and a protective skin is draped over the structural members. The structure is then elastically deformed via buckling into a dome-shaped structure by tensioning the cable. This allows quick, easy shelter erection from a single location by one person using a winch. The protective skin is then tensioned to the shelter base with adjustable straps. Stakes are not required to support the structure. A scale model of the primary structure was built to demonstrate the controlled buckling of the members to form the main structural components, and the scale model successfully demonstrated deployment in minimal time. A cellular fabric blanket, which uses entrapped air to provide a thermal barrier, is hung from the inside of the structure and is mechanically expanded to maintain the desired cell size. It can then be packed to 1/20th of its deployed volume for transportation. Simulations and tests were used to optimize the cell size and aspect ratio for weight, manufacturability, and R value. Analytical predictions and component-level testing have demonstrated that a system-level R value of 15 is achievable.

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Mobasher, Barzin, Geoffrey Minor, Mansour Zenouzi und Salvador L. Jalife. „Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Contiguous Wall Systems for Energy Efficient Low Cost Housing“. In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54952.

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The interaction of alternative technologies for low cost housing using a fully integrated finite element thermal and structural model of the system. The such as matrix formulations, or different wall systems can be accomplished using. Multi-layer systems based on composite laminate theory are used as a substitution for both reinforcement and effective thermal barrier of structural walls and roof systems. Textile Reinforced Cement composites (TRCs) as thin sandwich skin elements are considered since they show improved tension capacity and ductility based a well-bonded and well-distributed reinforcement that minimizes the flaw sizes, leading to the increase in overall strength and ductility. A range of innovative materials are used in a transient thermal analysis of the composite wall system. Using both 2-D and 3-D finite element analysis, field data obtained from interior and exterior faces of three model construction systems are simulated for walls and roof members as a function of time. Using the exterior temperature as the imposed boundary condition, the interior temperatures were predicted and compared with the experimentally obtained results. Sensitivity of the model to changes in parameters is studied for various insulating materials.

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Alberti, Massimo, Sriram Gopu, Bo Wu, Ruige Wu und Zhiping Wang. „Skin-on-a-chip for human skin models with enhanced differentiation and barrier properties“. In The 7th International Multidisciplinary Conference on Optofluidics 2017. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/optofluidics2017-04487.

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Shafahi, Maryam, und Kambiz Vafai. „Thermal Modeling of the Human Eye as a Porous Structure“. In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88138.

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Human eye is one of the most sensitive parts of the body when exposed to radiation effects. Since there is no barrier (such as skin) to protect the eye against the absorption of the external thermal waves, radiation can readily interact with cornea. On the other hand, lack of blood flow in the interior part of the eye makes it more vulnerable compared to other organs even in the case of weak heat interaction. Further, blood flow circulation alone cannot establish thermal equilibrium between the eye and body organs effectively. There are limitations in measuring human eye temperature profile experimentally due to the required invasive procedures in monitoring the inner layers. Therefore, there is a need to develop an accurate model to represent the eye structure and energy transport through it. Thermal modeling of the eye is important to investigate the effect of external heat sources as well as in predicting the abnormalities within the eye. Modeling of heat transport through the human eye has been the subject of interest for years, but the application of porous media models in this field is new and will be one of the themes of this study. In this work, iris/sclear is considered as a porous medium and energy transport is modeled using the tissue local thermal equilibrium equations. The eye is assumed to include six different parts: cornea, anterior chamber, posterior chamber, iris/sclera, lens and vitreous. A two-dimensional finite element simulation will be performed. Results are shown in terms of transient corneal surface temperature, isothermal lines in different regions and local temperature of pupillary axis. Effects of external radiation sources, convection coefficient of the surrounding air, blood temperature, blood convection coefficient and ambient temperature on different regions of the eye are also investigated.

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Mendoza, Eduardo, Jean-pierre Cooper, John W. Evangelista, Margaret Auerbach und Özer Arnas. „On Demand Thermal Protection (ODTP): A New Approach for Designing Garments Exposed to Flash Flame Incidents“. In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87999.

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Soldiers, first responders and other high risk occupations such as power line technicians are routinely exposed to dangerous situations where severe burn injuries are possible. Standard flame resistant (FR) fabrics provide minimal burn protection when exposed to a flash flame incident. As a result, improvement in thermal protection is desperately needed and remains an ongoing subject of research and development. A simplified one dimensional physical model composed of a muscle layer, skin/fat layer, air gap(s) and fabric layer(s) is used to model heat transfer entering the body covered by a garment that is exposed to a flash flame. Heat transfer within the skin and muscle layers is modeled by combined conduction, metabolic heat generation and blood perfusion by a recently developed modification to the heat equation termed the bio-heat equation. Boundary conditions include a fixed temperature (core body temperature) at the inside of the muscle layer and combined convection and radiation from the flame on the outside of the fabric. The heat equation is solved by discretizing the domain in one dimension and using a finite volume approach to derive the finite difference equations. This model is an initial step to be used to provide an assessment of common FR garments with respect to both comfort in ambient conditions and protection during a flash flame. It also provides for parametric analysis to determine ideal thermo-physical properties, fabric thicknesses and layering for better protection during flash flame incidents. Estimates for time to burn injury from the numerical model is presented with experimental results using live mannequin flame tests (ASTMF-1930), standard vertical flame tests (ISO-17492) and a non-standard flame test with combined convection and radiation heat fluxes up to 85 kW/m2. The main effort of this study revolves around an initial working design for a dynamic garment termed On Demand Thermal Protection (ODTP). The primary focus of the design is the development of a thermistor circuit embedded in a protective garment to act as an electric sensor for rapidly deploying the necessary thermal protection that is needed as predicted by the numerical model instantaneously in the event of a flash flame incident. An initial prototype is being developed with a focus on designing the thermistor circuit to mechanically actuate protective components in a flash-flame environment. Concepts include rapidly releasing a pressurized flame retardant fluid through vinyl tubing sewn into a garment and deploying a protective barrier around the face and neck when the thermistor circuit detects a sudden change in heat transfer. A summary of the prototype along with experimental testing to date compared to the theoretical predictions from the model described above is presented.

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Gatta, Giuseppe, und Fulvio Romano. „A Design Approach of a Fuselage Barrel in Grid Structure“. In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84166.

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In this paper a design method of a cylindrical fuselage barrel in grid structure to fabricate in composite material is illustrated. The approach can be divided in two phases. In the first step, a lattice structure, that is a grid structure with ribs only and without a skin, is sized thanks to an analytical approach. The independent variables to optimize are five: number of helical ribs, number of circumferential ribs, rib height, circumferential rib thickness, helical rib thickness. Some geometric constraints on the dimensions of the ribs are introduced. The best lattice structure is individuated by an analytical theory due to professor Vasiliev of the Central Research Institute of Special Machine Building (CRISM), the leading Russian Composite Center. The theory is based on the calculation of four safety factors for the helical rib strength, axisymmetric global buckling, non axisymmetric global buckling and the helical rib local buckling. Successively, a finite element analysis is performed in order to verify the analytical results. A software tool developed in Matlab environment prepares the finite element model, runs the finite element solver (MSC/Nastran) and reads the results. In the second step, an outer skin is added and the best lay-up for it is chosen; the maximum failure index for the skin laminate is calculated too. At the end the structure with the minimum weight and all margins of safety positive is individuated. The skin is extremely light so as to minimize overall weight. In the finite element model ribs and skin are simulated with beam and shell elements respectively; for the skin a common high-strength graphite/epoxy composite material is used, for the ribs an isotropic material with properties derived from experimental data. A grid-stiffened structure allows to reduce the structural mass of about 20% respect to a metallic reference baseline. Moreover, it can be quickly constructed by using filament winding technology; the process can be highly automated and the manufacturing costs can be reduced of the 30%.

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