Dissertationen zum Thema „Situated pedagogy“

The multiliteracies pedagogy of the New London Group is a response to the emergence of new literacies and changing forms of meaning-making in contemporary contexts of increased cultural and linguistic diversity. This critical ethnographic research investigates the interactions between pedagogy, power, discourses, and differential access to multiliteracies, among a group of culturally and linguistically diverse learners in a mainstream Australian classroom. The study documents the way in which a teacher enacted the multiliteracies pedagogy through a series of mediabased lessons with her year six (aged 11-12 years) class. The reporting of this research is timely because the multiliteracies pedagogy has become a key feature of Australian educational policy initiatives and syllabus requirements. The methodology of this study was based on Carspecken's critical ethnography. This method includes five stages: Stage One involved eighteen days of observational data collection over the course of ten weeks in the classroom. The multiliteracies lessons aimed to enable learners to collaboratively design a claymation movie. Stage Two was the initial analysis of data, including verbatim transcribing, coding, and applying analytic tools to the data. Stage Three involved semi-structured, forty-five minute interviews with the principal, teacher, and four culturally and linguistically diverse students. In Stages Four and Five, the results of micro-level data analysis were compared with macro-level phenomena using structuration theory and extant literature about access to multiliteracies. The key finding was that students' access to multiliteracies differed among the culturally and linguistically diverse group. Existing degrees of access were reproduced, based on the learners' relation to the dominant culture. In the context of the media-based lessons in which students designed claymation movies, students from Anglo-Australian, middle-class backgrounds had greater access to transformed designing than those who were culturally marginalised. These experiences were mediated by pedagogy, power, and discourses in the classroom, which were in turn influenced by the agency of individuals. The individuals were both enabled and constrained by structures of power within the school and the wider educational and social systems. Recommendations arising from the study were provided for teachers, principals, policy makers and researchers who seek to monitor and facilitate the success of the multiliteracies pedagogy in culturally and linguistically diverse educational contexts.

Digital technologies have for many years been acclaimed as tools that hold the power to transform learning, yet educational research has so far failed to demonstrate the transformative effects of these digital technologies on learning outcomes (Cuban, 2001; Price and Kirkwood, 2011). Some research has even gone so far as to question this underlying assumption regarding digital technologies ability to transform education, suggesting that they do not in fact have any inherently positive benefits for learning, and that perceived benefits are actually artefacts produced by other factors (Means et al, 2009). Several potential causes have been proposed for the slow progress in educational technology, including lack of time for staff development, unsuitability of technologies, and cultural barriers within institutions (Laurillard, 2012a). A fourth potential cause may lie with the lack of theory to explain technologies themselves (Oliver, 2013). Different theoretical perspectives have been proposed as a way to enhance our understanding of technologies, with one potential candidate being the theory of affordances. The theory of affordances has been used extensively within many fields, including educational technology, but remains a divisive and often under-defined term (Hammond, 2010). This thesis argues that this may in part be due to its distortion through adoption in multiple disciplines, and its popular description as the ‘action possibilities’ presented by an object or scenario, something not present in the theory’s original conception. It is suggested that a return to the original theory of affordances as proposed by Gibson (1979), which attempted to explain how individuals derive meaning from the world around them, returns clarity to the theory. A particular focus on the underexplored aspects of intention and invariant, together with a re-appreciation of what it means to apply the theory of affordances to digital environments, to digital spaces and places, provides a way of thinking about affordance that arguably can be applied more constructively to the effective use of technology in education. A design-based research approach was taken in order to research the original concept of affordance, and its key components of intention and invariant, within learning scenarios supported by digital technologies. Design-based research is an evolving methodology, with no strict definition, but it has shown promise in both the design and the research of technology-enhanced learning environments (Wang and Hannafin, 2005). A pilot phase at secondary school level demonstrated the potential for the approach; multiple iterations at a higher education level developed and enriched these findings into a stable model for the alignment of digital technologies with a particular pedagogical scenario. Findings suggest that affordances can be used to ‘explain’ educational technology, if the concept is broadened to include the wider ecology of learning; digital technologies not only as tools, but also as places. Extending the notion of affordances from ‘action possibilities’ to ‘transaction possibilities’ gives agency to both learner and technology, and recognises the important contribution of the digital environment to the learner experience. A specific design framework is offered which uses this redefinition of affordances as a design tool to align an authentic learning scenario with the digital technologies that have the potential to support that learning scenario. A generic design methodology is proposed, based on this framework, which has the potential to align pedagogy and technology using this updated definition of affordance. To close, some thoughts on the value of the design-based research approach are discussed.

On-line writing workshops provide educational spaces within which aspiring writers can learn their craft. In order to understand the dialogic mechanisms behind that learning, this thesis examines ways in which one workshop, the Internet Writing Workshop (IWW), functions as a Freireian culture circle. The exegesis identifies several key characteristics that defined Paulo Freire's concept of the culture circle. It compares these characteristics with the structure and practice of interaction within the IWW. It unpacks some of Freire's ideas about dialogue as a means of achieving critical consciousness, and compares them to current learning theory and the ways in which dialogue takes place within the IWW community. The exegesis also examines some of the political axioms behind Freire's pedagogy, and examines ways in which the IWW community might be viewed as emancipatory or liberatory. I examine these areas in light of the development of a novel, Suicide Girls. The second draft of this novel was influenced and informed by my participant-observation of the IWW. This working draft of the novel is provided as a process document to demonstrate findings made in the exegesis and is annotated to reflect relevant process and development issues.

In a society where knowledge is more and more valuable, every moment that knowledge can be shared between colleagues is of great importance. According to our earlier personal experiences, we thought that organizations prioritised explicit knowledge and not tacit knowledge.  To contribute to knowledge on the subject we choose to do a study where we focused on the experiences of coworkers that works in shops. The purpose of the study then became: “to investigate how tacit knowledge is made use of in shops from the perspective of coworkers”. With the purpose in mind, we created two questions: “How does the coworkers of shops perceive that tacit knowledge occurs on their workplace?” and “how does coworkers perceive that they share their tacit knowledge”?  The study is made with a qualitative approach the collection of data has been made through seven semistructured interviews with coworkers. When we analyzed the empiric material, we’ve analyzed it through the theory of situated learning by Lave and Wenger that is included in the sociocultural perspective. Some things that the result showed according to our interpretation was observation and social interactions with other colleagues is the most common way that tacit knowledge can be shared through on the respondent’s workplaces, that the organizations do have a plan to make use of the explicit knowledge in greater extent than tacit knowledge, the respondents views trust as an important factor when it comes to sharing their tacit knowledge.<br>I ett samhälle där kunskap blir mer och mer värdefullt är vartenda tillfälle där kunskap kan delas mellan kollegor av stor vikt. Våra personliga uppfattningar är att organisationer prioriterar formell kunskap som kan förmedlas i ord och skrift och inte den tysta kunskapen.  För att bidra med kunskap i ämnet valde vi att göra en studie där vi fokuserar på medarbetare som arbetar i butik för att ta reda på deras uppfattningar. Syftet blev då: “att undersöka hur tyst kunskap tas tillvara på inom detaljhandeln utifrån medarbetares perspektiv”. Utifrån syftet skapade vi de två frågeställningarna: ”Hur uppfattar butiksmedarbetare att tyst kunskap förekommer på deras arbetsplats?” och ”Hur upplever medarbetare att de delar sin tysta kunskap?  Studien har gjorts med kvalitativ ansats och datainsamlingen har skett genom sju stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare. När vi analyserat det empiriska materialet har vi gjort det ur teorin situerat lärande av Lave och Wenger som ingår i det sociokulturella perspektivet. Några saker som resultatet visar enligt vår tolkning är att: observation och socialt samspel med andra kollegor är de vanligaste sätten som tyst kunskap delas på respondenternas arbetsplatser, att organisationerna har en plan för att ta tillvara på explicit kunskap i högre utsträckning än tyst kunskap samt att respondenterna ser tillit som en viktig faktor när de ska dela sin tysta kunskap.

This master’s thesis aims to explore the practice of becoming a researcher and the learning process embedded in this activity by looking at the communicative practices of PhD students, within the context of academic publishing. It is likely that the way in which these soon-to-be researchers reason about the task of communication is related to their way of approaching their field of research as well as the lived world, which makes it relevant to explore further. The study was performed based two sets of data, first open-ended semi-structured interviews with eleven PhD students at Stockholm University, where they talk about their current situation, their motivations and goals and about how they plan to publish their dissertation. Secondly, an analysis of data about publications focusing on work by PhD students at Stockholm University between 2013–2016, and information about how the intended audience, i.e. the readers, have interacted with the published material. These two sets of data were analysed with the use of theories about personal epistemology, sociocultural learning and the rationality of actions. The study shows that the majority of the PhD students at Stockholm University publishes their research findings as scholarly articles in English. The conclusion is also that the publishing process can be understood as a pedagogical tool, as it provides a vehicle for the PhD students to immerse themselves in their community of practice. These findings suggest that it could be useful to further emphasise the publishing activity as a learning process that may lead to a deeper understanding of the role of the researcher in society.<br>Den här masteruppsatsen avser att utforska hur doktorander lär sig sitt framtida yrke, och hur de socialiseras till att bli forskare via de kommunikativa praktiker som de ägnar sig åt, dvs. akademisk publicering. Dessa kommunikativa praktiker torde vara kopplade till hur en forskare relaterar till sitt forskningsfält, men också sin omvärld, och företeelsen är därför intressant att ytterligare belysa. Studien är genomförd i två delar. Den första delen består av intervjumaterial från samtal med 11 doktorander vid Stockholms universitet. Den andra delen består av en analys av statistik om elektroniska publikationer av doktorander vid Stockholms universitet under perioden 2013–2016. Publikationerna sätts sedan i relation till data om hur läsekretsen har interagerat med publikationerna via olika media och citeringar. De två dataseten analyseras med hjälp av teorier om personlig epistemologi, sociokulturellt lärande och handlingsrationalitet. Slutsatserna är att de flesta doktorander vid Stockholms universitet väljer att publicera sig i vetenskapliga tidskrifter på engelska, och att dessa kommunikativa praktiker kan förstås som ett pedagogiskt verktyg när det gäller lärande om och förståelse för doktorandernas kontext eller gemenskap. Resultatet av studien indikerar att det kan vara meningsfullt att fokusera på publicering, eller liknande kommunikativa praktiker, som en användbar lärandeprocess när det gäller att förstå mer om forskarens roll i samhället.

This work centered on the Creating Creators Cinema Project (CCCP), a for-profit organization that works with K-12 school districts in California to integrate student filmmaking into core subjects. The qualitative case study documented the experiences of CCCP’s founders, the teaching artists who mentor filmmaking youth, and the students participating in year-long projects, providing a “thick description” of the creation, implementation, and impact of the program in a high school setting. The research addressed the dearth of arts programs in urban schools and their connection to representation in arts fields, particularly filmmaking. The study utilized three frameworks: Critical Pedagogy, Constructivism, and Situated Learning Theory to analyze data about pedagogical approaches and impact in the personal and professional lives of those involved in the project. Findings revealed participants in CCCP challenge traditional schooling practices and create a professional identity for students in the program. This study affirmed the importance of arts education in student lives and identifies how arts is a transformative vehicle for students and educators.

This essay is a qualitative study that examines the relationship between the Swedish kulturskola (non-compulsory cultural school for children and young adults), the non-profit cultural life and the phenomenon of lifelong learning. It raises the question wether teachers in the cultural school have a plan for their students lifelong learning or not; what their experience is of collaboration with the non-profit cultural life and if they take any concrete actions to facilitate the students entry into the local cultural life as amateur cultural practitioners. The theoretical framework is the situated learning theory by Lave &amp; Wenger and the context of action theory by Dreier. Six teachers have been interviewed in the study. The result of the study is that the teachers see great values of their students lifelong learning, however, the collaboration with non-profit cultural associations is not always easy because of differences in perspective. It is helpful if the teacher him-/herself has the possibility of being personally engaged in, or at least has experience from, the non-profit cultural life, in order to be able to bridge the gap that arises for students trying to enter the adult cultural world. It is also suggested that teachers need to be given enough resources and support to be able to participate in collaborations with the associations of the local non-profit cultural life. The matter of students’ lifelong learning is urgent not only for the individual student or cultural organizations, but also for the society as a whole.

Denna rapport har studerat hur lär- och identitetsprocessen att formas till artist har sett ut för några av Sveriges mest aktuella kvinnliga artister. Valet att studera denna yrkesgrupp beror på att formell utbildning genom skolväsendet saknas för att till fullo förbereda individer för yrket. Syftet har varit att genom artisternas beskrivningar av de egna erfarenheterna bidra med kunskap om hur dessa processer kan se ut. Sex stycken semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med hjälp av utformad frågeguide för insamlandet av data. Intervjuerna transkriberades sedan och analyserades därefter med drag av hermeneutisk tolkning. Förförståelsen hos mig som forskare har haft en central roll i rapporten då jag själv är verksam som frilansande trummis inom musikbranschen. Då tidigare forskning rörande lär- och identitetsskapande processer för artister inte hittades baserades litteraturöversikten till stor del av forskning om de lär- och identitetsskapande processer som elitidrottare gjort. Valet av denna yrkesgrupp baserades på att framgång som idrottare ofta leder till medial uppmärksamhet, i likhet med artisternas. Insamlad empiri analyserades sedan genom Lave och Wengers (1991) teorier om hur kunskap uppstår och utvecklas genom sociala interaktioner i olika kontexter, något de kallar för situerat lärande. I analysen användes även Goffmans (2009) rollteoretiska modell som behandlar hur identiteter skapas, upprätthålls och förändras. Slutsatserna i studien visade på att kunskapen till stor del skapats genom observation av de mer erfarna inom musikbranschen samt interaktion med dessa. Artisternas föreställningar om vad det innebär att vara en artist samt till vilken grad de interagerat med olika delar av musikbranschen tycks ha påverkat deras förmåga att själva identifiera sig som artister. Gemensamt för samtliga respondenter var den beskrivna upplevelsen av att kunna påverka rollen som artist till högre grad i och med ökad erfarenhet och framgång som artist.<br>This report has studied how the processes of learning about the role as an artist and the ability to identify oneself as one has been for some of Sweden’s most popular artists. The choice to study this profession is due to the lack of formal education through the school system to fully prepare individuals for the profession. The purpose has been to provide knowledge about these processes thru the described experiences from the artists. Six semi- structured qualitative interviews were conducted using a designed questionnaire for data collection. The interviews were then transcribed and analyzed by means of hermeneutic interpretation. The preconceptions have played a central role in the report, as I myself am a freelance drummer in the music industry. Since earlier research about learning and identity-creating processes among artists was not found, the literature review has been based largely on research about the learning and identity-creating processes that elite athletes have made. The choice to study this profession was based on the similarity between professions in the terms where their success often leads to great media attention. Collected empirical data was then analyzed thru Lave and Wenger’s (1991) theories of how knowledge arises and develops through social interactions in different contexts, something they call situated learning. The analysis was also made thru used Goffman's (2009) role theory model that addresses how identities are created, maintained and changed. The conclusions of this study showed that knowledge about the role as an artist was largely created by observing the more experienced in the music industry as well as thru interaction with these. The artists' perceptions of what it means to be an artist and the extent to which they interacted with different parts of the music industry seem to have influenced their ability to identify themselves with the role. Commonly to all respondents was the described experience that the ability to influence the role of an artist increased with experience and success as an artist.

Idag uppmärksammas kvinnors underrepresentation på högre chefspositioner i såväl media som undersökningar och rapporter. I dessa åskådliggörs det att det idag inte finns en logisk förklaring till varför kvinnor är underrepresenterade, vilket bland annat argumenteras utifrån att kvinnor i genomsnitt har en högre utbildningsnivå än män. Forskning förklarar att en bidragande faktor till att kvinnor fortfarande är underrepresenterade grundas i att chefskap enligt traditionen följer en maskulin norm. För att bidra med kunskap kring kvinnors underrepresentation i relation till chefskapet, har vi valt att fokusera på de kvinnor som lyckats nå ett högre chefskap. Syftet med uppsatsen är således att bidra med djupare förståelse för hur kvinnliga högre chefer upplever att de har formats på deras väg till chefskapet. Utifrån syftet har följande frågeställningar preciserats: “Hur upplever kvinnliga högre chefer den utveckling de gjort i karriären?” samt “Vilka faktorer tillskriver kvinnorna som betydande för deras utveckling i karriären?” Studien är en fallstudie med kvalitativ ansats i form av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnliga högre chefer. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats med hjälp av Lave och Wengers teori om situerat lärande samt utifrån ett könsperspektiv som huvudsakligen grundas på West och Zimmermans teori att göra kön. De teoretiska perspektiven har valts med utgångspunkt i forskaren Salminen-Karlssons argumentation om att det saknas forskning där dessa teoretiska utgångspunkter kombineras. Vårt resultat visar bland annat att de kvinnliga högre cheferna påverkats i sin karriärutveckling av att arbetsplatsen har förväntat sig att de ska uppträda på könsspecifika sätt. Således har de kvinnliga högre cheferna anammat olika könsspecifika attribut, såväl “kvinnliga” som “manliga” för att passa in. Vidare visar resultaten att de kvinnliga högre cheferna tillskriver stödet från sin familj som väsentligt, även om de upplevt stödet på olika sätt. Även behovet av en förebild i form av en kvinnlig chef betonas som viktigt under karriärutvecklingen.<br>Today, media as well as research are paying attention to the underrepresentation of women on top management positions. For example, articles and reports highlight that there are no logical explanations to why women are underrepresented. In contrast, science show that women, in average, have a higher education than men and that a contributive reason to why women still are underrepresented is based on the fact that managers, according to tradition, are associated with masculinity. To contribute with knowledge regarding women’s underrepresentation related to the top management positions, we have decided to focus on women who have reached a top management position. The aim with this study is therefore to contribute with deeper understanding of how women in top management positions experience how they have been “shaped” on their way to the management position. From the selected purpose, two questions were derived: “How do the female top managers experience the development they have had throughout their career?” and “What factors do the women identify as meaningful for their career development?” This study is a case study based on a qualitative method using six semistructured interviews with female top managers. The empirical data has been analysed through Lave and Wenger’s theory about situated learning and from a gender perspective, that is based on West and Zimmerman’s theory about doing gender. The theoretical perspective have been chosen with support from the researcher Salminen-Karlsson’s argumentation, in which the researcher states that there is a lack of research combining these two theoretical perspectives. Our result shows, among other things, that the female top managers during their career have been affected by the workplace’s expectations saying that they should act according to gender standards. Because of the expectations, the female top managers have adopted these gender specific attributes, by acting like a “female” or a “man”, to fit in. Furthermore, the result shows that the female top managers claim that the support from their families is important, even if they have experienced the support in different ways. Also, the result shows that the need of a role model in terms of a female manager has been important during the career.

As environmental challenges are increasing in the current era of the Anthropocene, there is a growing need to understand what would instigate pro-environmental behaviour. One such factor that research has suggested is to (re)connect people with nature. This research aims to find out whether school pedagogy can have a role in this by investigating the relation between pupils’ human–nature connection (HNC) and the pedagogy of the school they attend. In order to do this, the study uses ACHUNAS, a recently developed framework to assess where and how children connect to nature. Two types of school took part in the research: one conventional school and two alternative schools, all rural schools. Based on semi-structured interviews and participant observations, the study found that there is indeed a relation between the pedagogical approach of the school and the HNC of the pupils. Alternative schools offered more recurring and more versatile nature experiences than the conventional school, and pupils in alternative schools had developed more abilities of HNC than their peers in conventional schools. Pupils in alternative schools stated that the school had changed their HNC, while in the conventional school half of the pupils stated that the school had made no impact on their HNC. On top of the findings related to the relation between school pedagogy and HNC, the study found two aspects of HNC that could be included in the ACHUNAS framework.<br>Tendo em vista que os desafios ambientais estão se tornando mais comuns no atual Antropoceno, há uma necessidade crescente de se entender os fatores que favorecem um comportamento sustentável. Um fator sugerido por várias pesquisas é a (re)conexão com a natureza. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descobrir se a pedagogia escolar possui um papel neste processo, ao investigar a relação entre a conexão com a natureza de estudantes e a abordagem pedagógica utilizada pela escola em que frequentam. Para isto, esta pesquisa empregou o método “ACHUNAS”, desenvolvido recentemente para avaliar onde e como as crianças desenvolvem uma conexão com a natureza. Três escolas do campo participaram desta pesquisa: uma escola convencional e duas escolas alternativas. Utilizando os métodos de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações participativas, esta pesquisa descobriu que há uma relação entre a abordagem pedagógica da escola e a conexão com a natureza dos seus estudantes. As escolas alternativas ofereceram experiências na natureza com maior frequência e variação comparadas à escola convencional. Os estudantes das escolas alternativas mostraram maiores habilidades de conexão com a natureza do que os estudantes da escola convencional. Os estudantes das escolas alternativas afirmaram que a escola mudou a conexão deles com a natureza, enquanto que a metade dos estudantes na escola convencional disseram que a escola não teve um impacto na conexão deles com a natureza. Além dos resultados relacionados à relação entre a pedagogia e a conexão com a natureza, esta pesquisa descobriu dois aspetos da conexão com a natureza que poderiam ser incluídos no ACHUNAS.<br>Concepções, práticas e conexão de professores e estudantes com a natureza em escolas rurais no norte de Mato Grosso

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-09-27T13:25:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Vitória Vieira Mattiello da Silva_.pdf: 2383128 bytes, checksum: 1cd451c92d4a9262fcda8bef7770eac1 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T13:25:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Vitória Vieira Mattiello da Silva_.pdf: 2383128 bytes, checksum: 1cd451c92d4a9262fcda8bef7770eac1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-19<br>Nenhuma<br>O Microempreendedor individual (MEI) é a pessoa que trabalha por conta própria e se legaliza como pequeno empresário. Pressupõe-se que esses empresários enfrentem dificuldades em participar de processos de capacitação, em razão do tempo e de recursos escassos, pois, pelo fato de trabalharem sozinhos (ou com pouca ajuda), a participação em capacitações presenciais é inviável, na maioria das vezes. Por outro lado, sabe-se que há uma variedade de tecnologias disponíveis no mercado, como Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) móveis, que viabilizam o Mobile Learning. Dessa forma, entende-se que o M-learning são processos de aprendizagem apoiados pelo uso de tecnologias da informação ou comunicação móvel e sem fio, onde a característica fundamental é a mobilidade dos aprendizes (SACCOL; SCHLEMMER; BARBOSA, 2011), possibilitando que os MEIs aprendam em seu próprio contexto, onde a aprendizagem pode ser situada, autêntica, personalizada e colaborativa. O objetivo central desta pesquisa é analisar as potencialidades (affordances) e os desafios do M-learning para o desenvolvimento de competências empreendedoras de Microempreendedores Individuais. Utilizou-se o método Design Science Research (DSR), na geração de um artefato - um método de capacitação de MEIs na modalidade m-learning, usando como plataforma o aplicativo whatsapp. O processo da pesquisa seguiu as etapas da DSR (entendimento do problema, sugestão, desenvolvimento, avaliação e conclusão), e os resultados gerados em cada etapa tornaram-se oportunos para compreender as vantagens e os desafios da modalidade M-learning. Na ocasião do entendimento do problema, compreendeu-se as competências a serem desenvolvidas sobre o ponto de vista teórico, bem como o entendimento das abordagens de aprendizagem a serem consideradas: a da aprendizagem situada (LAVE; WENGER, 1991) e da pedagogia da autonomia (FREIRE, 1996). Realizou-se também uma survey com 206 empreendedores individuais, permitindo compreender as suas principais necessidades de capacitação; se buscam (ou não) capacitar-se, por quais meios e a quais TICs teriam acesso. Na etapa de sugestão de problema, deu-se a elaboração do método de capacitação sob a ótica das abordagens de aprendizagem adotadas no estudo. Na etapa de desenvolvimento, aplicou-se o artefato (método) com uma 1ª turma da capacitação, com 30 MEIs. Após essa realização, o artefato foi avaliado, aprimorado, e, depois reaplicado com uma 2ª. Turma de capacitação envolvendo mais 45 MEIs. Na etapa de avaliação, foi possível avaliar o artefato, identificando os atributos desenvolvidos da competência empreendedora, as potencialidades e os desafios da modalidade testada. Finalmente, compreendeu-se que as potencialidades (affordances) do M-learning contribuíram significativamente para o processo e viabilização da capacitação, identificadas como: acesso à multimídia, conectividade, informação e captura de dados, presença social, aprendizagem personalizada, interação, colaboração, motivação, expressão emocional, representação de conhecimentos e suporte a vários pontos de entrada e caminhos de aprendizagem. Quanto aos desafios do m-learning, percebe-se dois aspectos: 1) aspectos externos da tecnologia (internet, custo, uso de dados, memória) e 2) aspectos de ordem pedagógica e contextual, que, acredita-se, foram parcialmente superados. Porém, observou-se que essa modalidade possibilitou desenvolver alguns atributos da competência empreendedora ligada à categoria de negócio e gestão, sendo elas: habilidades de gestão, habilidades financeiro-orçamentárias e habilidades operacionais do negócio.<br>The Individual Microentrepeneur (IM) is the person who works on their own account and becomes a small entrepreneur under the law. It is assumed that these entrepreneurs face difficulties to take part of qualification processes due to lack of time and scarce resources, because since they work alone (or with little help), taking part of onsite qualification trainings is not feasible, most of the times. On the other hand, it is known that there is a variety of technologies available in the market, such as the mobile Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which makes Mobile Learning feasible. In this way, M-learning is understood as learning processes supported by mobile or wireless information and communication technologies, where the major characteristic is the mobility of the learners (SACCOL; SCHLEMMER; BARBOSA, 2011), allowing the IMs to learn in their own context, where learning can be situated, authentic, personalized and collaborative. The main objective of this research is to analyze the potentials (affordances) and the challenges of M-learning for the development of entrepreneurial competences of Individual Microentrepreneurs. The method Design Science Research (DSR) was used to generate an artifact — a method of qualification of IMs through M-learning, using the Whatsapp application as platform. The research process followed the steps of the DSR (understanding the problem, suggestion, development, evaluation and conclusion), and the results generated in each step were crucial for the understanding of the advantages and challenges of the M-learning modality. During the period of understanding the problem, the competences to be developed under the theoretical point of view were comprehended, as well as the learning approaches to be considered: the situated learning (LAVE; WENGER, 1991), and the pedagogy of autonomy (FREIRE, 1996). A survey was also carried out with 206 individual entrepreneurs, through which their main qualification necessities were known; if they try (or not) to get qualification, through which means and to which ICTs they would have access to. During the problem suggestion step, the qualification method, under the point of view of the learning approaches adopted during the study, was developed. During the development step, the artifact (method) was applied to the first group of qualification, with 30 IMs. After that, the artifact was evaluated, enhanced and, later, applied to the second group of qualification, with other 45 IMs. During the evaluation step, it was possible to evaluate the artifact, identifying the attributes developed for the entrepreneurial competence, the potentials and the challenges of the tested modality. Finally, it was understood that the potentials (affordances) of M-learning had a key role for the process and viability of qualification, which are: access to multimedia, connectivity, information and data collection, social presence, personalized learning, interaction, collaboration, motivation, emotional expression, knowledge representation and support to several entry points and ways of learning. In terms of M-learning challenges, two aspects stand out: 1) technology external aspects (internet, cost, data use, memory) and 2) pedagogical and contextual aspects which, it is believed, were partially outdated. However, it was possible to observe that this modality allowed the development of some attributes of entrepreneurial competence related to the category of business and management, which are: management skills, financial and budgeting skills and business operational skills.

The Countried experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples of (Australia), ground a resilience and strength in sovereign thinking through the Stories we share laterally with family and inter-ancestrally through our connections to the Dreaming. The stories we share develop a sense of inalienability we have that is connected to the Countries of origin we share and identify with across the continental scape of Land, Water and Sky Country. As a formative philosophical assumption, the Countried existence that this dissertation develops, illuminates the significance of this research thinking to contribute to the continued development of Indigenous education for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students attending secondary high schools across (Australia). By attending to the ways Elders as significant Indigenous leaders describe and develop their storied lives through lived experience, this Countried philosophy emerges through the Storied knowing of Country. By examining the approaches to learning Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students adopt, further evidence can be contributed to the research surrounding Indigenous thinking and cognitive approaches to thinking through education learning tasks. By examining the perceptions and beliefs of non-indigenous teachers, this dissertation aims to contribute evidence to Indigenous pedagogies that teachers can deploy in the delivery of meaningful Indigenous Knowledge curricula content. Summatively, this thesis found that when deep engagements are made into the notion of inalienability of Countried experience, salient avenues of thinking and learning and teaching emerge surrounding the ways education can continue to elaborate and relate meaningfully to the First Peoples of Australia.

This dissertation is about learning as changing understanding in social and situated activities. It takes part in the development of a reconceptualization of learning initiated within participationist perspectives. Multiparty interaction in situated activities is a primordial site for the exploration of human action and cognition. Through the theoretical framework of Conversation Analysis (CA), a method for the analysis and description of trajectories of learning is proposed. Departing from a view of learning, interaction, and cognition as closely related, learning is argued as gradually changing understanding in situated activities. The empirical material consists of video recordings from an elementary school and pilot training. The recordings are analyzed using CA methods, including detailed attention to embodied features of interaction. The analyses focus the development of trajectories of learning through the participants’ orientations. The trajectories are based on topicalizations and co-constructions of contents of learning, where interactional organization and content are interrelated. Participants are shown to make relevant relations between past, present, and future actions and material settings, and their ways of aligning and resisting participation and change are explored. A framework for the analysis of learning as embodied interaction in change is developed. The dissertation shows the fruitfulness of CA work for the understanding of learning processes. The results underline the importance of including embodied action, as constitutive of the co-constructions of contents, into learning studies. The value of highlighting learning as co-construction and of anchoring the analyses in the participants’ orientations is underscored. The results further the understanding of how people learn, and of how they make relevant knowledge and experiences in activity. The understanding of learning and change as action, which can be initiated, aligned with and resisted, opens up for future developments within CA, where learning researchers might be able to describe more precisely how human learning is constituted.

Visto che l’interprete di conferenza deve sviluppare delle competenze linguistico-cognitive e tecniche è richiesta una formazione specifica così che i futuri interpreti raggiungano un livello di preparazione adeguato per entrare nel mondo del lavoro. Per questo i corsi di interpretazione di conferenza prevedono lo svolgimento di attività pratiche che simulano le condizioni in cui si fa uso dell’interpretazione. I tirocini vengono suggeriti come strumenti per l’apprendimento situato. Permettono agli studenti di fare esperienza sul campo, misurandosi con elementi della realtà lavorativa difficilmente simulabili in classe. Dato che alcuni autori hanno messo in evidenza l’esistenza di un divario tra l’istruzione formale e i requisiti della professione, i tirocini potrebbero essere un ottimo modo per potenziare il tradizionale metodo di insegnamento e far sì che gli studenti siano più preparati alla sfide dell’attuale mercato del lavoro. I tirocini però non sembrano essere stati oggetto di ricerca anche se il 25% delle pubblicazioni sull’interpretazione si concentrano sulla formazione. Questa tesi si configura come un’indagine esplorativa rivolta a un campione di 93 studenti del Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Interpretazione del Dipartimento di Interpretazione e Traduzione (DIT) di Forlì, che presenta un sistema specifico di tirocinio curriculare. Tramite somministrazione di questionari online, la presente indagine ha potuto raccogliere dati riguardanti lo svolgimento delle attività di tirocinio e l’opinione dei tirocinanti. In questo modo è stato possibile non solo illustrare quale tipologia di attività viene svolta prevalentemente, quali sono le tipologie di enti che propongono tali attività e quali abilità vengono consolidate maggiormente, ma anche sondare il grado di soddisfazione degli studenti e raccogliere eventuali suggerimenti su come rendere più efficacie il sistema di tirocini anche in termini di utilità per l’inserimento dei neolaureati nel mondo del lavoro.

The thesis describes what happens when twelve students learn to read and write. The main purpose of this thesis is to shed light on the learning process of the students, with respect to reading and writing, based on the specific learning environment. Special attention is given to the relationship between the individual and the environment. It is the author's strong belief that one needs to look at both these aspects together. Further, the intention of the thesis is not to compare different environments in terms of good or bad, but rather to use them as examples of situated social practices for reading. The investigation has an ethnographic approach and is based primarily on qualitative data collected by personal studies of the students' reading and writing processes in the classroom environment. Secondly, estimations of the students' reading abilities have been performed in order to validate various kinds of data. Twelve students have been studied from August 1998 when they started in first grade and until March 2001. The analysis derives from Vygotskij's theory, the sociocultural perspective, and to get a better understanding of differences and similarities between the environments, Bernstein's theory about the visible and invisible pedagogic was used. The result indicates that in a classroom, students show a variety of specific behaviours related to the setting in different ways. The conclusion of this thesis is that it is urgent to make teachers observe and pay attention to the behaviour pattern of each group of readers. Teachers hereby receive a tool that gives them a chance to identify students with negative patterns in purpose to make them choose a constructive way of learning. Through guidance the teacher may transfer successful strategies and/or design situations that make it possible for the students to discover an alternative way of learning.

I slutet av 1990-talet beslöt den dåvarande regeringen att initiera ett antal projekt i medelstora och större svenska städer. Projekten skulle förläggas till förorternas miljonprogramsområden och målen skulle vara att stärka kompetensen hos de invandrare som bodde i bostadsområdena, öka deras arbetskraftsdeltagande och öka kontaktytorna mellan svenskar och invandrare. Kooperativet Latitud är ett av dessa projekt. Inom kooperativet arbetar flyktingar, långtidsarbetslösa och lågutbildade. Männen har kommit dit genom arbetsmarknadsplaceringar, praktikplatser, aktivitetsgaranti, medan de flesta av kvinnorna har kortvariga anställningar. Studien bygger på Lave och Wengers teorier kring legitimt perifert lärande och lärande i en handlingsgemenskap. Dessutom prövas teoriernas användbarhet i den kontext som kooperativet utgör. Grundläggande i dessa teorier är att lärandet är situerat och sker i handling i en social gemenskap och att lärande och utveckling av identitet är sammanvävda. Arbetsplatsen Latitud studeras i dess egenskap av en handlingsgemenskap, där människors lärande är beroende av och förknippat med den mening de finner i verksamheten och i sin egen tillvaro i kooperativet, lika väl som av den gemenskap de formar som arbetsgrupp. Lärandets betydelse för individens identitet tydliggörs i fyra individers lärande och agerande under deras tid i kooperativet. Avhandlingen visar att de använda teorierna är väl skickade för att studera Latitud som miljö för lärande, dock krävs ytterligare utveckling av teorierna för att utforska och förklara individens lärande och samspelet mellan individ och kontext. En fördjupning av teorin krävs för att beskriva hur en människas identitet byggs från deltagande och lärande i olika lokala praktiker och behov, och hur varje individs lapptäcke av livserfarenheter och lärande formar ett individuellt mönster.<br>At the end of the 1990s, the then Swedish Government initiated a number of projects in large and medium-sized Swedish cities. The projects were to be conducted in suburban housing areas built during the Million Programme and the objectives were to improve the skills of migrants living in these areas, increase their participation in the workforce and strengthen contacts between them and Swedish people. The Latitude Cooperative (Kooperativet Latitud) was one of these projects. Refugees, long-termed unemployed and low-educated people work within the cooperative. The men have arrived there as labour market placements, whilst most of the women are on short-term employment contracts. The study is based on Lave and Wenger's theories on Legitimate Peripheral Participation and learning in a Community of Practice. The applicability of these theories was also tested in the context of the cooperative. The basic premise of these theories is that learning is situated and occurs when participating in a social community and that learning and development of identity are interwoven. The Latitude Cooperative is studied in its capacity as a community of practice, where people's learning is dependent on and associated with the meaning they find in the activities and in their own existence in the cooperative, as well as on the community they shape as a working group. The significance of learning for individual identity is exemplified in the learning of four individuals and their actions during their time in the cooperative. The thesis shows that the theories employed are well suited to the study of Latitude as a learning environment. The theories require further development, however, in order to research and explain individual learning and the interplay between the individual and the context. Dreier provides the necessary further development of the theory to describe how a person's identity is constructed from participation and learning in different local practices and needs, and how each individual's patchwork of life experiences and learning forms an individual pattern.

Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, ein Modell interkultureller Qualifizierung im Rahmen des Hochschulstudiums in Deutschland zu generieren. Im theoretischen Teil wird der Qualifizie-rungsbegriff in Bezug zum Qualifizierungsziel interkulturelle Kompetenz und zum Anwen-dungskontext Hochschulstudium in Deutschland erörtert sowie das Thema innerhalb der Erzie-hungswissenschaften verortet. Auf die Themen interkulturelle Kompetenz und interkulturelles Lernen wird gesondert eingegangen. Darauf aufbauend werden im empirischen Tiel die zwei durchgeführten Studien beschrieben und abschließend die Ergebnisse interpretiert. Aus einer qualitativ-explorativen Interviewbefragung von 18 ehemaligen Teilnehmenden am Zusatzstudi-um Internationale Handlungskompetenz der Regensburger Hochschulen und einer quantitativ-explanativen Fragebogenstudie mit 129 damals aktuellen Teilnehmenden am Ende des Zusatz-studiums konnten relevante Eingangsbedingungen, Lernprozesse und Wirkungen sowie Kon-trollvariablen interkultureller Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen identifiziert werden. Die identifizierten Variablen werden zu den fünf Nutzungsprofilen interkultureller Qualifizierung 1) Sensibilisie-rung, 2) kognitive Anwendung, 3) Aktivierung, 4) aktionale Anwendung und 5) Potenzierung zusammengefasst. In einem Transfermodell werden die Nutzungsprofile schießlich in Bezug auf Wissenstransfer und Handlungstransfer verortet und in einem Input-Prozess-Output-Modell auf-steigend angeordnet. Das Ergebnis der Arbeit besteht somit in einem theoretisch fundierten und empirisch geprüften lern- und handlungstheoretischen Modell interkultureller Qualifizierung, das exemplarisch Bedingungen, Prozessverläufe und Wirkungen interkultureller Qualifizie-rungsmaßnahmen an deutschen Hochschulen beschreibt und dadurch Anwendungswissen für Konzeption, Implementation und Evaluation weiterer bestehender und geplanter interkultureller Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen bietet.<br>This study aims at generating an input-process-output model of intercultural qualification in the context of academic education in Germany. The theoretical framework consists of defining in-tercultural qualification and localizing the topic within educational sciences. The topics intercul-tural competence and intercultural learning are discussed separately. There were two empirical studies: 1) 18 former participants of the Extracurricular Study Program for Intercultural Compe-tence at the Regensburg universities have been interviewed about the program’s learning pro-cesses and learning outcomes. Resulting data were analysed using qualitative methods, yielding a set of hypotheses on relations between preconditions, processes and outcomes of intercultural qualification. 2) At the end of the program, 129 participants completed a questionnaire con-structed on the results of the interview study producing quantitative data. Relevant input, pro-cess and output variables could be identified and were integrated into five user profiles: 1) sensi-tisation, 2) cognitive application, 3) activation, 4) behavioral application, and 5) potentialisation. These profiles were finally arranged in relation to knowledge transfer and behavioral transfer, thus yielding a transfer model of intercultural qualification, and were put in ascending order in an input-process-output model. This theoretically founded and empirically tested model de-scribes exemplarily preconditions, learning processes, learning outcomes, and control variables of intercultural qualification in the context of academic education in Germany. It can be used as a theoretical framework for further research or conceptualisation, implementation, and evalua-tion of intercultural qualification programs.

abstract: This study examines teacher educators' understandings of hope related to teacher education. The study provides a previously unforeseen perspective on teacher educators' hope or lack of hope, and gives insight into that hope's foundation and maintenance. I have designed and implemented a rigorous multi-method study, beginning with developing and conducting a nationwide on-line survey with 625 participants. From a pool of 326 participants expressing interest in participating in interviews, I interviewed 23 teacher educators selected from a randomized and purposive sample. Finally, 25 participants took part in a writing prompt sent in lieu of an interview. Findings reflect that teacher educators' "hope" is a construct, a mixture of abstract ideas, emotions, dispositions, attitudes, that is hard to conceptualize or measure, but appears to be a very relevant and influential and hope for teacher educators takes place on a continuum from bystander to actualizing. The results of this study serve as a way to encourage educators to be more explicit about hope and discourses about teaching. It raises awareness about "false senses" of hope, which arise from narratives of redemption, paving the way for a conception of hope grounded in a strong understanding of the multiplicities of teaching, and how things "are." This conception of hope has the potential to foster discussions and actions of what education can be, rather than dwelling in the rhetoric of what education is not. Further, this research has the potential to open up spaces to discuss both the importance of and how to begin to think about incorporating hope into curricula through critical pedagogy and pedagogies of hope.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Ph.D. Curriculum and Instruction 2011

Here I am Now! was the title immigrant and refugee undergraduate students and local refugee community youth gave to their participatory photography installation displayed at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. This exhibit was the culmination of students' participation in a series of alternative community service-learning (CSL) courses offered through CIRCLE (Center for Immigrant and Refugee Community Leadership and Empowerment). Here first-generation undergraduate students mentored neighboring Vietnamese and Cambodian refugee youth using photography and art and applying community development education principles and techniques. While community service-learning pedagogy has become an established educational practice on most U.S. universities and colleges today, little research has been conducted viewing the educational impact of community service-learning pedagogy on diverse student populations. The majority of the scholarship in this field focuses on the experiences of white middle-class students engaged in service-learning relationships with communities from unfamiliar and different socio-cultural, racial, ethic and economic backgrounds (Dunlap, 1998). This dissertation presents a different perspective. Here I examine how immigrant and refugee undergraduate students understood and made meaning of their participation in a community service-learning experience with youth from familiar and similar ethnocultural contexts. This model valued participants' common cultural assets, highlighted the immigrant and refugee experience, and attended to specific local refugee community needs. To answer my research questions I applied critical ethnographic approaches and analyzed student narratives (interviews, journal entries, reflection papers, poetry and photography) to better understand participants' community-service learning experiences. Through the prisms of three educational learning theories I review the university context, highlight aspects of the situation under study and proceed to build an emerging framework for CSL pedagogy with diverse communities. These theories include; experiential and critical pedagogy, situated learning theory, and the anthropological concept, funds of knowledge, as guides toward developing culturally relevant CSL curriculum with immigrant and refugee learners. Through student narratives, I demonstrate that critical CSL curriculum and service that emphasize peer learning and strategic and cultural resources (funds of knowledge), provide diverse undergraduate students with alternative and creative spaces of critique and possibility in their higher education and community service-learning experiences.

This master's thesis Preparedness for Crisis Situations in Schools from the Teachers' Point of View deals with primary and secondary level education teachers' opinions on school safety and their experience with crisis situations in school. The main reserach matter is to carry out a survey based on questionnaires which ascertain the percentage of teachers who have had to intervene during crisis situations in their schools, find out which threats they consider most serious for their school, discover the teachers' opinion on security literacy and it's importance for their profession. Furthermore, this thesis stives to use the acquired data to design an informational poster targeted at school teachers which could help them get familiar with securiy relationships and contacts within and outside their school more easily. The theoretical part encompasses existing research on the topic of school safety in the Czech Republic and also selected foreign literature dealing with the subject. The primary method used in the theoretical part is study of scientific literature, professional journals and reliable on-line sources. The practical part is based on the survey results gathered by means of a questionnaire distributed among selected schools. Graphic and statistic representations of the survey results are...

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Video games are increasingly recognized as powerful tools for learning in classrooms. However, they are widely neglected in the field of English, particularly as objects worthy of literary study. This project argues the place of video games as objects of literary study and criticism, combining the theories of Espen Aarseth, Ian Bogost, Henry Jenkins, and James Paul Gee. The author of this study presents an approach to literary criticism of video games that he names “player-generated narratives.” Through player-generated narratives, players as readers of video games create loci for interpretative strategies that lead to both decoding and critical inspection of game narratives. This project includes a case-study of the video game Undertale taught in multiple college literature classrooms over the course of a year. Results of the study show that a video game introduced as a work of literature to a classroom increases participation, actives disengaged students, and connects literary concepts across media through multimodal learning. The project concludes with a chapter discussing applications of video games as texts in literature classrooms, including addressing the practical concerns of migrating video games into an educational setting.

The topic of the diploma thesis is description of care system for unaccompanied minors in the Czech Republic and mapping of special pedagogical methods used within this system. In my own research I show examples of concrete case studies how individual forms of educational and special pedagogical care help unaccompanied minors in successful integration into the major society. The aim of the thesis is not only to describe the current state of care for minors and special pedagogical methods used, but also its evaluation. Based on the critical assessment of the case studies, they try to outline the possibilities of further development of care for unaccompanied minors in the Czech Republic from the perspective of special pedagogy.

Drawing on theoretical work in literacy education, drama education and second language education, and taking account of poststructuralist, postcolonial, third world feminist, critical pedagogy, and intersectionality frameworks, this dissertation presents findings from an ethnography that critically examined the experiences of English language learners (ELLs) in three different drama classrooms, in three different high school contexts. More specifically, this multi-site study investigated two aspects of multiliteracies pedagogy: i) situated practice and ‘identity texts’ (Cummins et al., 2005; Cummins, 2006a) and ii) multimodality and embodied learning by overlaying, juxtaposing, or contrasting multiple voices (Britzman, 2000; Gallagher 2008; Lather 2000) of drama teachers and their students to provide a rich picture of the experiences of ELLs in drama classrooms. The diverse drama pedagogies observed in the three different drama contexts offer possibilities for a kind of cultural production proceeding from language learning through embodied meaning-making and self-expression. The situated practice of drama pedagogies provided a third space (Bhabha, 1990) for the examination of students’ own hybrid identities as well as the in-role examination of the identities of others, while moving between the fictional and the real in the drama work. The exploration of meaning-making and self-expression processes through drama, with attention to several aspects of embodied learning—from concrete, physical and kinesthetic aspects, to complex relational ones—was found to be strategic and valuable for the language and literacy learning of the English language learners. The findings from this study highlight the role of embodied forms of communication, expression and meaning-making in drama pedagogy. This embodied pedagogy is a multimodal form of self-expression since it integrates the visual, audio, sensory, tactile, spatial, performative, and aesthetic, through physical movement, gesture, facial expression, attention to pronunciation, intonation, stress, projection of voice, attention to spatial navigation, proximity between speakers in space, the use of images and written texts, the use of other props (costumes, artefacts), music and dance. The dialogic, collective, imaginative, in-between space of drama allows students to access knowledge and enrich their language and literacy education through connections to the real and the fictional, to self/others, to past and present experiences, and to dreams about imagined selves and imagined communities (Kanno & Norton, 2003).

The theme of this diploma thesis is psychosomatics and its educational and socially pedagogical aspects. The main goal is to characterize this theme and describe its aspects in the educational process. General framework for understanding the term psychosomatics in this diploma thesis is a holistic way how to act as a teacher to the students, remembering his physical and psychical part and not forgetting the psychosomatic troubles. In the description part there are terms, history of the psychosomatics thinking, examples of psychosomatics troubles, the influence of the family, stress in the educational process. The practical part contains of research, which had as a main goal characterize, which of the psychosomatic troubles are according to the teachers from Gymnázium Jiřího Ortena in Kutná Hora the most common according to their pedagogical experience. Key words Psychosomatics, psychosomatical troubles, education

Abstract This dissertation is aimed at exploring the utilization of select works by children's book author Markéta Zinnerová in literary education. The selected texts all feature a child protagonist in a difficult life situation with regards to their immediate or wider family circle. The vantage point was primarily the ouvre of M. Zinnerová, particularly the titles Indiáni z Větrova ('The Indians from Větrov'), Tajemství proutěného košíku ('The Secret of the Woven Basket'), and Kde padají hvězdy ('Where Stars Fall'). The dissertation is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part contains first a description of the general characteristics of narrative prose from the life of children with an emphasis on the issues of personal and social education. Furthermore, it focuses in detail on the utilisation of prose in literary education in primary schools, the methodology and different types of literary analysis and the insertion of all these activities into the relevant curriculum. The practical part deals with concrete classical and activising methods of application with regards to select texts from M. Zinnerová's works. The aim of the dissertation was to create work sheets based on excerpts from the prose of this author and to test them in practice in the environment of an after-school care centre where primary school children were to engage with them. This part of the dissertation describes said work sheets as well as the procedural methodology and the reasoning behind their creation. The work sheets were used when working with 3rd -grade school children in an after-school care centre. The ways in which they cooperated with us and were captivated by the texts, as well as the precise way in which the activities involved in working with the proposed sheets proceeded are described in the following chapter of the practical part. The concluding reflection upon the utilisation of the work sheets proposes certain possible corrections, expansions or other possible uses of these work sheets.

The work deals with the issue of a loss of a close person. The theoretical part describes several attitudes towards death, different views of death, the loss of a close person and the process of coping. The work also mentions several ways of how to help and pedagogic approach towards children that encountered death. The practical part consists of a quality survey in the form of controlled conversations. The conversations were conducted with people that experienced death of a close person in their childhood. This section also contains a suggestion for an appropriate approach to help these children to overcome the loss. Aducational approach trying to make the issue of death more accesible for children not yet affected with the loss is included. The suggested solutions are for children of the early, middle school age and for adolescents are dealt with separately.

The aim of this thesis is to focus on the specifics of conducting an interview with children who find themselves in a difficult life situation. The objective of the theoretical part is to define and characterize life situation and a child in crisis with the support of the reference literature and present the specifics of social and pedagogical work with a child in crisis. The practical part is presented as an analysis of model interviews on the helpline for children and two case studies. The objective of the practical part is to 1.demonstrate the procedure of conducting an interview with a child in crisis based on the analysis of model interviews of the helpline for children - Linka bezpečí; 2. develop own case studies of working with children clients of the helpline for children - Linka bezpečí and reflect the procedures of conducting interviews. One of the main conclusion of this thesis is that particular features of a human being in crisis are in accordance to what is described in the reference literature. The essential specific of each interview is its uniqueness. In relation with the uniqueness of an interview, we use procedures to build up high quality relationship and trust with a client. Working with emotions, order, planning of a solution, looking for social support. Keywords Child, life...