Dissertationen zum Thema „Síndrome de distrés respiratorio“
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Rovira, Canudas Irene. „Óxido nítrico inhalado en el síndrome de distrés respiratorio experimental del adulto“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32199.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the present study we examined the effects of inhaling nitric oxide (NO) on pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange in an ovine model of adult respiratory distress syndrome (AROS), induced by repeated lung lavages. In addition we investigated in this modal the effects of inhibition endogenous NO synthesis by NG-nitro-Larginine metyl ester (L-NAKE) and the combination with inhaled NO. Because NO activates guanylate cyclase, increasing guanosine 3’-5'- cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) we also we measured cGMP plasma levels. In anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep inhaling 60 ppm of NO after lung lavage decreased pulmonary artery pressure and resistance without any systemic hemodynamic effects, increased arterial PaO(2) and decreased venous admixture (Q(VA)/Q(I)). A L-NAME infusion produced pulmonary and systemic vasoconstriction without changes on PaO(2) or (Q(VA)/Q(I)) inhaling NO after L-NAME produced the same hemodynamics and gas exchange effects than inhaling NO alone. The effects on inhaled NO were independent of pulmonary blood flow or cardiac output. During NO inhalation plasma cGMP levels were increased significantly. We concluded that in this experimental model of AROS inhaled NO produced selective pulmonary vasodilatation and improved gas exchange by incressing cGMP concentration in ventilated lung regions and these effects were not potentiated with the inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis.
Rodríguez, Montoya Ronald Milton. „Variables respiratorias asociadas a mortalidad del síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo por influenza A (H1N1) : Hospital Alberto Sabogal, Callao - Perú“. Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4209.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTesis
Chapoñán, Camarena Edgardo, und Vera María Elena López. „Incidencia y mortalidad del SDRA de causa pulmonar y extrapulmonar en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital María Auxiliadora de junio 2001 a mayo 2004“. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2005. http://www.cybertesis.edu.pe/sisbib/2005/chaponan_ce/html/index-frames.html.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) threatening acute condition of the life that is characterized by the presence of edema lung non cardiogénico due to the alteration of the permeability of the lung capillary membrane. Was carried out a retrospective study with the objective of determining the incidence, the global mortality of the ARDS and to settle down if association exists between the mortality and the type of ARDS, for that which the 54 patients were included that fulfilled the entrance approaches during the period of study (June 2,001-May 2,004). The sample was divided selected in 2 groups according to the type of ARDS: Group I (Primary ARDS) and Group II (Secondary ARDS), to those that were analyzed the variables: age, sex, relationship PaFiO2, PEEP used maximum, Apache II entrance, stay in ICU, days in ventilation mechanics, mortality. Likewise it was determined the causes of ARDS, incidence and causes of death of the ARDS. Being determined that a strong association exists between the type of ARDS and the mortality (p=0.029), being bigger mortality in the secondary ARDS; being the global mortality of 48% and the sepsis the main cause of secondary ARDS (44.4%), likewise that the main cause of death of the ARDS is the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) with 56.6% while the Hipoxemia only constitutes 23%
Llamas, Fernández Noemí. „Efectividad de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva en el tratamiento del síndrome de distrés respiratorio del adulto“. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/309757.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of non invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease sharpness and acute lung cardiogenic edema, is widely accepted. Its utility in the treatment of the acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and, above all, in more severe forms, as in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) , is controversial. Objectives. The main objectives of this study were to know the effectiveness of the adapted in the treatment of patients with ARDS, security through the analysis of complications, as well as establishing the factors and risks associated with the outcome of the adapted with splitting hospital, in this group of patients. Material and methods. Observational study, prospective, study carried out in intensive care unit of the University General hospital JM Morales Meseguer of Murcia, between June 1997 and December 2012. Included patients who consecutively presented criteria for ARDS, according to the definition in force in each period, and that required adapted. Held collection of sociodemographic, clinical data, analytical and evolutionary. Success of the adapted was defined when the endotracheal intubation was avoided and the patient was alive discharged from the ICU, staying in plant and adapted without at least 24 hours. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, absolute and relative frequencies. Comparisons between variables using Pearson Chi2 and Student's T test. Multivariate analyses using logistic regression. It has been used the SPSS program version 22.0 for Windows. Results. We have analyzed 421 episodes of ARDS treated with NIMV. The mean age was 58.3 ± 20.2 years and 59.5% were men. The most frequent cause of ARDS was infectious pathology. Gravity as measured by the SAPS II index was 48 ± 15.5. The most widely used fan was the BiPAP Vision, using BiPAP mode in 388 patients. The IPAP and EPAP levels at the beginning of therapy were 15 ± 1.4 and 7.5 ± 0.9, respectively. At the beginning of the therapy, the value of respiratory rate and the PaO2/FiO2 was 35.8 ± 5.6 and 130.1 ± 34.6 respectively; after an hour of NIMV was 33.5 ± 4.9 and 149 ± 37, (p 0.001). The value of the index during the period of adapted SOFA was 11.1 ± 5. 187 patients (44.4) presented complications related to the adapted, being the most frequent skin lesion (150; 35.6%). The success of NIV and in-hospital mortality were 26.8% and 51.3%. By multivariate analysis, predictive success of adapted factors were age (OR 0.978, 95% CI 0.961-0.995), SAPS II (OR 0.969, 95% CI 0.94-0.995), SOFA Max during adapted (OR 0.821, 95%CI 0.736-0.917), level of basal bicarbonate (OR 1.160, IC-95% 1.082-1.243), relationship PaO2/FiO2 and rate of breathing, after an hour of therapy initiated (OR 1.042, 95%CI 1.028-1.056 and OR 0.795, IC-95%, 0.735-0.861). Predictive factors of mortality were the order of not intubation (OR 6.57, 95% CI 2.293-18.826), index score total maximum SOFA (OR 1.436, CI-95% 1.31-1.575), presence of cancer (OR 3.91, CI-95% 1.778-8.595), the age (OR 1.031, CI-95% 1.014-1.049), and the success of the NIMV (OR 0.122, CI-95% 0.041-0.359), Conclusions. The use of the NIMV in the treatment of ARF due to ARDS has a very high failure rate, but with few serious complications. Factors related to the failure of the technique are usually related to variables that measure the severity of respiratory and systemic process.
Camprubí, Rimblas Marta. „Nebulized anti-coagulants as a therapy for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663961.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute respiratory failure with a global incidence in Europe of 17.9 per 100,000 person-year. Although significant advances have been performed in supportive care of patients with ARDS, mortality remains high (40%) and survivors present persistent sequelae. An effective pharmacological therapy for this syndrome is not available yet. ARDS pathophysiology involves pulmonary activated coagulation and inflammation together with the breakdown of the alveolar-capillary barrier. This leads to proteinaceous edema, neutrophils infiltration into the alveolar compartment and the activation of macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Beneficial effects of anti-coagulants have been proved in pre-clinical models of acute lung injury (ALI) and in ARDS patients, although systemic bleeding offset its positive effects. Anti-coagulants could be effective for their anti-inflammatory activity in addition to their anti-coagulant properties. Moreover, given the cross talk of these pathways and their influence on permeability, anti-coagulants could also restore the alveolar-capillary barrier. Nebulization of anti-coagulants directly into the alveolar compartment might increase local efficacy and decrease the risk of systemic bleeding. The hypothesis of this thesis is that nebulized heparin and/or antithrombin (ATIII) limit the pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant response in the lungs after ALI, also promoting the restoration of the alveolar-capillary barrier. The co-administration of both anti-coagulants directly into the lungs via nebulization produces a synergistic effect enhancing the properties of heparin and ATIII, reducing lung injury and avoiding the risk of systemic bleeding. As part of this thesis we are showing the results of the action of heparin or ATIII in specific primary human injured cell lung populations and the direct administration of heparin and/or ATIII into the lungs by nebulization in a rat model of ALI. Nebulized heparin and/or ATIII attenuated pulmonary inflammation and coagulation and did not produce systemic bleeding in the model of ALI. Treatment with nebulized heparin modulated alveolar macrophages through reducing TGF-β and NF-κB effectors and the coagulation pathway and decreased the recruitment of neutrophils into the alveolar space. Local administration of ATIII alone increased beneficial effects in coagulation, while combined ATIII and heparin had a higher impact reducing permeability and decreasing the infiltration of macrophages into the alveolar compartment. The translational action into humans of both anti-coagulants was also studied. In injured human cell lung populations isolated from lung biopsies, heparin diminished the expression of pro-inflammatory markers in alveolar macrophages and deactivated the NF-κB pathway in alveolar type II cells; decreasing the expression of its mediators and effectors. Also, ATIII decreased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and increased levels of tight junctions in injured alveolar type II cells. The current studies prove that nebulized heparin and ATIII might be a potential treatment for ARDS, as they act in different pathways and processes of the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Local administration of anti-coagulants attenuates lung injury decreasing inflammation, coagulation and proving ameliorations on permeability without causing systemic bleeding.
García, Valdés Patricio Hernán. „Efectos de una estrategia ventilatoria ultraprotectora sobre VEGF, y su impacto en la permeabilidad vascular y el daño pulmonar, en un modelo de SDRA asistido con soporte vital extracorpóreo. Un estudio piloto“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/139895.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroducción: varios estudios experimentales han mostrado que la ventilación mecánica puede inducir lesión pulmonar aún en pulmones previamente sanos, pero cuando estos presentan un síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo de cualquier origen, parecen particularmente sensibles a los efectos nocivos de la ventilación mecánica. Por otra parte, factores de crecimiento angiogénicos como el factor de crecimiento endotelio vascular (VEGF) pueden modular la permeabilidad endotelial. Los procesos biológicos que median el aumento de la permeabilidad vascular posterior a un daño pulmonar inducido por la ventilación mecánica, y por ende el desarrollo de edema pulmonar, no son completamente conocidos. No existen estudios que hayan evaluado el impacto de la estrategia ventilatoria sobre los niveles de VEGF, ni su posible rol en el aumento de permeabilidad y el desarrollo de edema pulmonar. Objetivo: Determinar en un modelo de lesión pulmonar aguda, si comparado con animales sanos, existe alteración en los niveles de VEGF en plasma, tejido pulmonar y lavado broncoalveolar; si estos cambios se asocian a alteraciones de permeabilidad vascular, lesión y edema pulmonar; y si estas alteraciones pueden ser revertidas al emplear una estrategia ventilatoria ultraprotectora (volumen corriente 2 ml/kg de peso corporal) asociada a soporte vital extracorpóreo, comparado con una ventilación no protectora (volumen corriente 10 ml/kg de peso corporal). Resultados: no se observó diferencias en los niveles relativos de VEGF en el grupo de animales con lesión pulmonar aguda ventilados con una estrategia convencional y ultraprotectora más soporte vital extracorpóreo, en plasma al tiempo 0, 3 y 24 horas, y en el homogeneizado de tejido pulmonar, en comparación al grupo control (p<0.05). No se observó una asociación entre los niveles relativos de VEGF en el grupo de animales con lesión pulmonar aguda ventilados con una estrategia convencional y ultraprotectora más soporte vital extracorpóreo, en plasma (tiempo 0, 3 y 24 horas) y homogeneizado de tejido pulmonar, y los cambios en la concentración de proteínas en el lavado broncoalveolar, tasa peso húmedo/seco y daño pulmonar histológico (p<0.05). No se observó niveles relativos de VEGF, evaluados con la técnica de Western blot, en las muestras de lavado broncoalveolar. Conclusiones: la estrategia ventilatoria empleada no altera los niveles relativos del factor de crecimiento endotelio vascular en plasma y tejido pulmonar, en un modelo de cerdos con lesión pulmonar aguda inducida por lavados con solución salina repetidos y ventilación mecánica con alto volumen corriente. Además, los cambios observados en la permeabilidad vascular, daño y edema pulmonar no tienen una asociación con los niveles relativos del factor de crecimiento endotelio vascular en el plasma y tejido pulmonar. Sin embargo, existe un número importante de limitaciones técnicas que deben ser consideradas al momento de interpretar estos resultados, y que hacen necesario continuar investigando y desarrollando la metodología de trabajo para documentar resultados confiables, y que permitan un constructo teórico en relación a VEGF en este modelo de lesión pulmonar aguda.
Sabater, Riera Joan. „Síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA). El papel de los eicosanoides y su modulación mediante una nutrición parenteral enriquecida con ácidos grasos omega-3“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur thesis objective was to study eicosanoids role on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) development by studying their plasmatic concentrations. Other objective was to evaluate if parenteral administration of an enriched 3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA n-3) in the form of fish-oil and lowered linoleic acid (PUFA n-6) lipid emulsion can regulate eicosanoid synthesis in ARDS patients as well as its hemodynamics and gas exchange effects. Thesis is articulated as a publication compendium structured in three original articles. On our first study, in early ARDS stages we evaluate both systemic and mixed venous plasmatic eicosanoid levels in all enzymatic pathways (TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1α in COX pathway, and LTB4 in LO pathway). On our second study, we analyse eicosanoids in ARDS patients during administration of two different lipid emulsions, one PUFA n-6 enriched and the study´s emulsion (PUFA n-3 enriched and with less PUFA n-6). On our third study we focused on gas exchange and hemodynamic changes with the previous lipid emulsions in ARDS patients. Main results showed that eicosanoid plasmatic levels measured in early stage ARDS patients were superior to reference levels. Systemic TXB2, LTB4 and pulmonary-systemic LTB4 gradient correlated with hypoxemia severity. Pulmonary-systemic LTB4 gradient correlated with pulmonary severity score. LTB4 and TXB2 increased baseline plasmatic arterial levels, LTB4 increased venous mixed plasmatic levels and a higher pulmonary-systemic LTB4 gradient were associated with a worst outcome. In patients whom received PUFA n-6 enriched lipid emulsions, all eicosanoids measured levels, both systemic and venous mixed, were increased during emulsion perfusion with an erratic behaviour after the end (12 hours after finishing lipid emulsion). In patients treated with PUFA n-3 enriched emulsion and less PUFA n-6, all eicosanoids measured levels, both systemic and venous mixed, were decreased during study´s emulsion perfusion. Only LTB4 variation was statistically significant. After finishing emulsion´s administration, levels continued decreasing. Finally, we didn´t observe any significant variation neither in gas exchange nor in hemodynamics after both different emulsion´s administration. These results from our exposed studies lets us stablish that different lipid mediators play an important role in ARDS physiopathology with special emphasis on LTB4. We can also stablish that a parenteral administration of an PUFAn-3 enriched lipid emulsion in the form of fish oil and lowered linoleic acid (PUFA n-6) lipid emulsion can modulate crutial ARDS lipid mediator´s synthesis without hemodynamic or gas exchange short term modifications.
Estela, Perez Luz Meri. „Revisión crítica : evidencias de la posición prona durante la ventilación mecánica en pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2927.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGusman, Pablo Braga [UNESP]. „Distribuição regional de gás e tecido na síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda: consequências do efeito da pressão expiratória final positiva“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100145.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Desde sua primeira descrição, muito se investiu no melhor conhecimento da SARA, na identificação de sua etiologia, seus fatores de risco, seus mecanismos e mediadores, escolhendo-se métodos críticos de avaliação clínica que também pudessem definir o prognóstico. Com o objetivo de verificar se os efeitos da PEEP dependem da morfologia pulmonar, comparando sua resposta em três grupos de pacientes, descritos de acordo com os aspectos de hiperdensidades observadas nos cortes tomográficos, foram estudados 71 pacientes portadores de SARA, comparando-os a 11 voluntários sadios. Cada paciente foi submetido a exame tomográfico helicoidal de tórax em ZEEP e após implemento de PEEP de 10 cmH2O. Parâmetros hemodinâmicos e respiratórios foram mensurados nas mesmas condições. Hiperdistensão induzida pela PEEP e recrutamento alveolar foram quantificados por um software específico, Lungview®. Hiperdistensão ocorreu somente nos lobos superiores e se correlacionou significativamente com volume pulmonar caracterizado por uma densidade tomográfica de parênquima pulmonar variando entre -900 UH e -800 UH em ZEEP. Efeitos cárdio-respiratórios em PEEP foram semelhantes nos pacientes com SARA primária e secundária. O recrutamento alveolar induzido pela PEEP nos lobos inferiores se correlacionou de forma significativa com seu volume pulmonar residual. Recrutamento alveolar induzido pela PEEP foi maior nos lobos inferiores com atelectasias inflamatórias do que nos lobos inferiores com atelectasias mecânicas. A morfologia pulmonar acessada pelo exame tomográfico influenciou de forma significativa os efeitos da PEEP. Em pacientes com hiperdensidades difusas, a PEEP induziu recrutamento alveolar importante sem hiperdistensão, enquanto que nos pacientes com hiperdensidades localizadas, a PEEP induziu...
There has been some decades, a lot has been invested in the attempt of better knowledge of ARDS, characterizing in a more trustworthy way your aetiology, risk factors, its mechanisms and mediators, choosing critical methods of clinical evaluation that could also foresee the prognostic. To determine whether differences in lung morphology assessed on the CT scan influence the response to PEEP we study by a prospective study during a 53-month period in a fourteenbed surgical Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital, seventy-one consecutive patients with early ARDS. In each patient, a fast spiral thoracic CT scan was performed in ZEEP and after implementation of PEEP 10 cmH2O. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were also measured in the same conditions. PEEPinduced overdistension and alveolar recruitment were quantified by a specifically designed software, Lungview®. Overdistension occurred only in the upper lobes and was significantly correlated with the volume of lung characterized by a scanographic density ranging between -900 HU and -800 HU parenchyma in ZEEP conditions. Cardiorespiratory effects of PEEP were similar in patients with primary and secondary ARDS. PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment of lower lobes was significantly correlated with their resting lung volume. PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment was greater in the lower lobes with inflammatory atelectasis than in the lower lobes with mechanical atelectasis. Lung morphology assessed on the CT scan markedly influenced the effects of PEEP: in patients with diffuse hyperdensities, PEEP induced a marked alveolar recruitment without overdistension whereas, in patients with lobar hyperdensities, PEEP induced a mild alveolar recruitment associated with overdistension of previously aerated lung areas. These results... (Complete abstract click eletronic address below)
Gusman, Pablo Braga. „Distribuição regional de gás e tecido na síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda: consequências do efeito da pressão expiratória final positiva /“. Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100145.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBanca: Yara Marcondes Machado Castiglia
Banca: José Reinaldo Cerqueira Braz
Banca: José Luiz Gomes do Amaral
Banca: Sílvia Regina Rios Vieira
Resumo: Desde sua primeira descrição, muito se investiu no melhor conhecimento da SARA, na identificação de sua etiologia, seus fatores de risco, seus mecanismos e mediadores, escolhendo-se métodos críticos de avaliação clínica que também pudessem definir o prognóstico. Com o objetivo de verificar se os efeitos da PEEP dependem da morfologia pulmonar, comparando sua resposta em três grupos de pacientes, descritos de acordo com os aspectos de hiperdensidades observadas nos cortes tomográficos, foram estudados 71 pacientes portadores de SARA, comparando-os a 11 voluntários sadios. Cada paciente foi submetido a exame tomográfico helicoidal de tórax em ZEEP e após implemento de PEEP de 10 cmH2O. Parâmetros hemodinâmicos e respiratórios foram mensurados nas mesmas condições. Hiperdistensão induzida pela PEEP e recrutamento alveolar foram quantificados por um software específico, Lungview®. Hiperdistensão ocorreu somente nos lobos superiores e se correlacionou significativamente com volume pulmonar caracterizado por uma densidade tomográfica de parênquima pulmonar variando entre -900 UH e -800 UH em ZEEP. Efeitos cárdio-respiratórios em PEEP foram semelhantes nos pacientes com SARA primária e secundária. O recrutamento alveolar induzido pela PEEP nos lobos inferiores se correlacionou de forma significativa com seu volume pulmonar residual. Recrutamento alveolar induzido pela PEEP foi maior nos lobos inferiores com atelectasias inflamatórias do que nos lobos inferiores com atelectasias mecânicas. A morfologia pulmonar acessada pelo exame tomográfico influenciou de forma significativa os efeitos da PEEP. Em pacientes com hiperdensidades difusas, a PEEP induziu recrutamento alveolar importante sem hiperdistensão, enquanto que nos pacientes com hiperdensidades localizadas, a PEEP induziu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: There has been some decades, a lot has been invested in the attempt of better knowledge of ARDS, characterizing in a more trustworthy way your aetiology, risk factors, its mechanisms and mediators, choosing critical methods of clinical evaluation that could also foresee the prognostic. To determine whether differences in lung morphology assessed on the CT scan influence the response to PEEP we study by a prospective study during a 53-month period in a fourteenbed surgical Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital, seventy-one consecutive patients with early ARDS. In each patient, a fast spiral thoracic CT scan was performed in ZEEP and after implementation of PEEP 10 cmH2O. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were also measured in the same conditions. PEEPinduced overdistension and alveolar recruitment were quantified by a specifically designed software, Lungview®. Overdistension occurred only in the upper lobes and was significantly correlated with the volume of lung characterized by a scanographic density ranging between -900 HU and -800 HU parenchyma in ZEEP conditions. Cardiorespiratory effects of PEEP were similar in patients with primary and secondary ARDS. PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment of lower lobes was significantly correlated with their resting lung volume. PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment was greater in the lower lobes with inflammatory atelectasis than in the lower lobes with mechanical atelectasis. Lung morphology assessed on the CT scan markedly influenced the effects of PEEP: in patients with diffuse hyperdensities, PEEP induced a marked alveolar recruitment without overdistension whereas, in patients with lobar hyperdensities, PEEP induced a mild alveolar recruitment associated with overdistension of previously aerated lung areas. These results... (Complete abstract click eletronic address below)
Doutor
Carpi, Mario Ferreira [UNESP]. „Efeito imediato e prolongado da administração precoce de óxido nítrico inalatório em crianças portadoras de síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104678.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo (SDRA) é a forma clínica mais grave da lesão pulmonar aguda e, apesar do melhor entendimento de sua fisiopatologia, a taxa de mortalidade permanece elevada. O óxido nítrico inalatório (NOi) é um vasodilatador seletivo de áreas pulmonares ventiladas, promovendo a otimização da relação ventilação/perfusão nestas áreas, com melhora da oxigenação e facilitação do esvaziamento do ventrículo direito. Tais efeitos permitiriam a redução de parâmetros ventilatórios, habitualmente elevados na SDRA, diminuindo o risco de lesão pulmonar induzida pela ventilação mecânica e a morbi/mortalidade. O estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito imediato e prolongado da administração precoce de NOi associada à terapia convencional sobre a oxigenação e parâmetros ventilatórios, mortalidade, tempo de internação na UTI Pediátrica e duração da ventilação mecânica em crianças portadoras de SDRA. Dois grupos de pacientes pediátricos com SDRA foram comparados: grupo NOi (GNO; n=18), seguido prospectivamente, composto de pacientes que receberam NOi associado à terapia convencional e grupo terapia convencional (GTC; n=21), avaliado retrospectivamente, formado de pacientes que utilizaram apenas terapia convencional. Os critérios para iniciar a administração do NOi foram: saturação arterial de oxigênio < 90% a despeito de uma fração inspirada de oxigênio (FiO2) 0,6 e de uma pressão expiratória final positiva (Peep) 10 cmH2O. A resposta imediata ao NOi foi avaliada em um teste de resposta de quatro horas, considerando resposta positiva um aumento na relação PaO2/FiO2 de 10 mmHg acima dos valores basais. A terapia convencional não foi modificada durante o teste. Nos dias subseqüentes os pacientes que exibiram resposta positiva continuaram recebendo a menor dose de NOi...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe manifestation and the end spectrum of acute lung injury. It has been associated with high mortality rate, despite better understanding of its pathophysiology and recent therapeutic advances. Inhalde nitric oxide (iNO)-induced vasodilation of pulmonary vasculature adjacent to well-ventilated alveoli increases blood flow to these lung areas and preferentially shunt blood away from poorly ventilated regions, matching V/Q and reducing intrapulmonary shunt. This results in improved oxygenation and reduction of both pulmonary vascular resistence and right ventricle afterload. By improving V/Q matching, iNO may allow less aggressive mechanical ventilation (MV), which minimizes the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury and mortality. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the acute and sustained effects of iNO on some oxygenation indexes and ventilator settings, to analyze the weaning process, and to assess the safety of NO inhalation; 2) to test the hypothesis that early administration of iNO would reduce mortality rate, intensive care length of stay, and the duration of MV comparing a group of pediatric ARDS patients treated with iNO plus conventional therapy with another treated only with conventional therapy. Children with ARDS, aged between one month and 12 years were studied. There were two groups: iNO group (iNOG; n=18) composed of patients prospectively enrolled from November 1998 to 2002, and conventional therapy group (CTG; n=21) consisting of historical control patients admitted from August 1996 to August 1998. Study groups were of similar ages, gender, primary diagnoses, pediatric risk of mortality score, and mean airway pressure. PaO2/FiO2 ratio was lower (CTG: 116.9l34.5; iNOG: 71.3l24.1 - p < 0.001) and oxygenation index higher (CTG: 15.2 (7.2-32.2); iNOG: 24.3 (16.3-70.4) - p < 0.001) in the iNOG. Therapy with iNO was introduced as early as 1.5 hours after ARDS.
FAPESP: 01/04971-3
Carpi, Mário Ferreira. „Efeito imediato e prolongado da administração precoce de óxido nítrico inalatório em crianças portadoras de síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo /“. Botucatu : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104678.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResumo: A Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo (SDRA) é a forma clínica mais grave da lesão pulmonar aguda e, apesar do melhor entendimento de sua fisiopatologia, a taxa de mortalidade permanece elevada. O óxido nítrico inalatório (NOi) é um vasodilatador seletivo de áreas pulmonares ventiladas, promovendo a otimização da relação ventilação/perfusão nestas áreas, com melhora da oxigenação e facilitação do esvaziamento do ventrículo direito. Tais efeitos permitiriam a redução de parâmetros ventilatórios, habitualmente elevados na SDRA, diminuindo o risco de lesão pulmonar induzida pela ventilação mecânica e a morbi/mortalidade. O estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito imediato e prolongado da administração precoce de NOi associada à terapia convencional sobre a oxigenação e parâmetros ventilatórios, mortalidade, tempo de internação na UTI Pediátrica e duração da ventilação mecânica em crianças portadoras de SDRA. Dois grupos de pacientes pediátricos com SDRA foram comparados: grupo NOi (GNO; n=18), seguido prospectivamente, composto de pacientes que receberam NOi associado à terapia convencional e grupo terapia convencional (GTC; n=21), avaliado retrospectivamente, formado de pacientes que utilizaram apenas terapia convencional. Os critérios para iniciar a administração do NOi foram: saturação arterial de oxigênio < 90% a despeito de uma fração inspirada de oxigênio (FiO2) 0,6 e de uma pressão expiratória final positiva (Peep) 10 cmH2O. A resposta imediata ao NOi foi avaliada em um teste de resposta de quatro horas, considerando resposta positiva um aumento na relação PaO2/FiO2 de 10 mmHg acima dos valores basais. A terapia convencional não foi modificada durante o teste. Nos dias subseqüentes os pacientes que exibiram resposta positiva continuaram recebendo a menor dose de NOi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe manifestation and the end spectrum of acute lung injury. It has been associated with high mortality rate, despite better understanding of its pathophysiology and recent therapeutic advances. Inhalde nitric oxide (iNO)-induced vasodilation of pulmonary vasculature adjacent to well-ventilated alveoli increases blood flow to these lung areas and preferentially shunt blood away from poorly ventilated regions, matching V/Q and reducing intrapulmonary shunt. This results in improved oxygenation and reduction of both pulmonary vascular resistence and right ventricle afterload. By improving V/Q matching, iNO may allow less aggressive mechanical ventilation (MV), which minimizes the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury and mortality. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the acute and sustained effects of iNO on some oxygenation indexes and ventilator settings, to analyze the weaning process, and to assess the safety of NO inhalation; 2) to test the hypothesis that early administration of iNO would reduce mortality rate, intensive care length of stay, and the duration of MV comparing a group of pediatric ARDS patients treated with iNO plus conventional therapy with another treated only with conventional therapy. Children with ARDS, aged between one month and 12 years were studied. There were two groups: iNO group (iNOG; n=18) composed of patients prospectively enrolled from November 1998 to 2002, and conventional therapy group (CTG; n=21) consisting of historical control patients admitted from August 1996 to August 1998. Study groups were of similar ages, gender, primary diagnoses, pediatric risk of mortality score, and mean airway pressure. PaO2/FiO2 ratio was lower (CTG: 116.9l34.5; iNOG: 71.3l24.1 - p < 0.001) and oxygenation index higher (CTG: 15.2 (7.2-32.2); iNOG: 24.3 (16.3-70.4) - p < 0.001) in the iNOG. Therapy with iNO was introduced as early as 1.5 hours after ARDS.
Doutor
Alejandro, Salinas Rodrigo, und Zamudio Alfredo Alonso Gutierrez. „Rendimiento del Age, Pao2/FiO2 ratio y Plateau Pressure score (APPS) como factor pronóstico de mortalidad en pacientes con Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio Agudo internados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en una clínica privada de Lima-Perú“. Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657294.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVelasquez, Frias Luisa. „Revisión crítica : eficacia del decúbito prono para el buen manejo de distrés respiratorio en etapa aguda de los pacientes en ventilación mecánica“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2019. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/pe/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrabajo académico
Cat, Rubens. „Avaliação do sistema complemento em recém-nascidos com síndrome de desconforto respiratório“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/48803.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Parana. Setor de Ciencias da Saude
Resumo: Quinze RN com padrão clinico e radiológico de SDR foram avaliados em relação à ativação do sistema completo. Eles estavam na fase aguda do "distress" respiratório. O "shunt" intrapulmonar da direita para a esquerda e o alto gradiente alvéolo-capilar indicavam a gravidade da doença. Nenhum a alteração significativa foi observada em relação ao C3, C4 e CH50 séricos. O C4d, produto de clivagem de C4, não foi detectável no plasma de RN com SDR, demostrando não haver ativação do sistema completo pela via clássica. O C3d, fragmento de C3, normalmente não é detectável no plasma de recém-nascidos. Entretanto. Dois Rn com SDR mostraram npiveis de 4,6 mg/l e 1,35 mg/l, respectivamente. Estes dados sugerem que o sistema completo não está envolvido no edema pulmonar de permeabilidade (baixa pressão), geralmente visto na Sindrome de Desconforto Respitatório.
Segalés, Coma Joaquim. „Síndrome respiratorio y reproductivo porcino: interacción con el agente causal de la enfermedad de Glässer“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5610.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAravena, Pavez Patricia Alejandra. „Identificación y viabilidad del virus del síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio porcino en carnes de cerdo importadas“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/159252.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio porcino (PRRS), es una enfermedad exclusiva del cerdo, la cual causa las mayores pérdidas económicas en la industria porcina a nivel mundial. El virus es transmitido por diferentes fuentes, principalmente a través de contacto con cerdos contaminados, semen entre otros. Una de las vías posibles de transmisión, corresponde a la transmisión oral mediante el consumo de carne de cerdo contaminada. En Chile el virus fue re-introducido en 2013, desconociéndose su forma de ingreso; sin embargo, está estrechamente relacionado con cepas de USA del 2012, identificadas durante actividades de vigilancia. Para evaluar la posible transmisión a través de la carne, se analizaron 72 muestras de carne de cerdo importada, mediante RT-PCR en tiempo real y aislamiento viral. Seis de las 72(8%) muestras resultaron positivas a RT-PCR en tiempo real y 7(10%) sospechosas, con Ct promedio de 34,9. La muestra con el Ct más bajo fue de 33,09 y el máximo (sospechoso) 36,5. Estos resultados confirman la presencia frecuente de material genético de virus PRRS en carnes importadas. Por otro lado, en ninguna de las muestras positivas fue posible aislar el virus PRRS. Su viabilidad no pudo ser demostrada, lo puedo verse influenciado debido a problemas del aislamiento viral, ya que los cultivos fueron usualmente contaminados por bacterias presentes en la carne limitando la técnica. Futuros estudios son necesarios para entender mejor esta vía de transmisión, una de las maneras de mejorar el estudio de viabilidad podría ser el uso de animales centinela
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), is a mayor disease causing the highest economic losses in the pork industry worldwide. The virus only affects pigs, the main transmission sources are the infected pigs and semen. Another source of infection may be pork, by oral ingestion. In Chile PRRS virus was re-introduced in 2013. The virus is close related genetically with strains detected in USA in 2012. The introduction source is still unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the pork as a possible source of PRRS virus. Seventy-two pork samples were tested by real time RT-PCR and viral isolation was attempted in positive samples. Six (8%) out of 72 were positive and 7 (10%) were suspect. The average of Ct values was 34,9 excluding negative samples. The lowest Ct reported was 33.09 and the highest suspect Ct value was 36.5. The PCR results indicate that RNA of PRRS virus can be frequently found in pork samples. In other hand, the viral isolation was negative in all samples tested at first passage. Therefore, the PRRS viability was not confirmed. These results may be affected by cell culture contamination by bacteria present in the pork samples. Further studies are necessary to better understand this source of contamination, to improve the assess viability the animal bioassay could be used
Financiamiento Proyecto Fondef ID14I10201, ASPROCER, Laboratorio de Virología Animal.
Corvino, Juliana Maria. „Na companhia do vírus : concepções e vivências de adolescentes portadores do HIV/Aids /“. Botucatu, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98424.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBanca: Margareth Aparecida Santini de Almeida
Banca: Maria Ines Rauter Mancuso
Resumo: Transformações sociais decorrentes do acelerado desenvolvimento urbano-industrial introduziram grandes mudanças no modo de vida. Considerando os adolescentes como tendo características próprias de um grupo em transição para a vida adulta, e as influências decorrentes do meio social e cultural, acrescenta-se mais um problema trazido pelo surgimento do HIV/Aids. Nessa condição específica de portador do HIV/Aids, tem-se que esse grupo redefine suas formas de enfrentar a vida, devido à exclusão social que a doença ainda provoca. Assim, o trabalho busca identificar a percepção de adolescentes portadores do HIV/Aids, atendidos no Ambulatório de Imunologia Especial do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu/UNESP, sobre como é viver com a doença no ambiente familiar, na escola e no hospital. Conforme a OMS, os adolescentes situam-se entre 10 a 19 anos de idade. Selecionamos para entrevista semi-estruturada, treze adolescentes em tratamento durante o ano de 2011 e para os quais se apresentou o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Medicina. Dentre as concepções, questões como novos arranjos familiares, preconceito e estigma encontram-se presentes. Deste modo, dar voz aos jovens pacientes e reconhecer a reconfiguração de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Considering the fact that adolescents typically show the characteristics of a group in transition to adulthood as well as the influences from their social and cultural milieus, another problem brought by the rise of HIV/AIDS is added. In this specific condition of carrying HIV/AIDS, this group of individuals redefines their forms of coping with life due to the social exclusion that such disease still causes. Hence this study aimed at identifying the perception of adolescents with HIV/AIDS attended to at the Special Immunology Outpatient Unit of the Botucatu School of Medicine University Hospital/UNESP of what it is like to live with the disease in their family environment, at school and in the hospital. According to WHO, adolescents are from 10 to 19 years old. It was used qualitative research with thirteen adolescents undergoing treatment in 2011, that was selected to participate in semi-structured interviews, to whom was presented a Free-Consent Form approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Medicine. In this initial stage of presenting the first results, described the data found, classified according specific characteristics, such as the fact that all respondents studying in public schools. Because they are young, there is the need to expand educational projects on the topic. These policies should be proposed in order to meet and talk more openly with students and educators concerning health, disease and approach to patients. About the outpatient clinic, the patients ranged from feeling "normal", "good" and "great". These data lead to show that this space is the presence of humanization and that there is a good relationship between doctor and patient, considering that the multidisciplinary team seeks to meet the physical, mental and social these adolescents, indicating an adaptation of the traditional biomedical model... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Campos, Fábio Joly [UNESP]. „Efeito do óxido nítrico inalatório associado à ventilação mecânica protetora na lesão pulmonar aguda induzida experimentalmente“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92154.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Fundamentação/Objetivos: Síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA) cursa com elevada taxa de mortalidade a despeito do melhor entendimento de sua fisiopatologia e recentes avanços no tratamento. Ventilação mecânica (VM), uma das mais importantes formas de tratamento, é baseada na utilização de estratégias protetoras com baixo volume corrente (VC) e elevada pressão expiratória final positiva (PEEP). Existem várias terapias adjuvantes, entre as quais o óxido nítrico inalatório (NOi) é conhecido por suas propriedades antiinflamatórias e efeitos benéficos sobre a oxigenação. Quando o NOi é associado à VM protetora, o gás poderia não apenas melhorar a oxigenação mas também reduzir a lesão pulmonar. Objetivo: comparar a VM protetora, com e sem NOi, quanto a oxigenação, estresse oxidativo do tecido pulmonar e lesão histológica e inflamatória dos pulmões. Métodos: Trinta coelhos foram instrumentados com traqueotomia e acessos vasculares e ventilados com FiO2 de 1,0. Lesão pulmonar aguda (LPA) foi induzida por infusão traqueal de salina aquecida (30mL/Kg, 38°C) e o estresse oxidativo do tecido pulmonar foi medido pelo método da capacidade antioxidante total (TAP). A inflamação pulmonar foi avaliada pelo contagem do número de células polimorfonucleares (PMN) recuperadas do fluido de lavagem broncoalveolar (BAL). Também foi analisado um escore de lesão pulmonar histopatológica. Os animais foram distribuídos nos seguintes grupos, cada um dos quais com 10 coelhos: a) Controle (GC): baixo VC (6mL/Kg) e PEEP de 5cmH2O; b) ventilação mecânica protetora + LPA (GVM): baixo VC (6mL/Kg) e PEEP de 10cmH2O; e c) ventilação mecânica protetora + LPA + NOi (GVM-NO): baixo VC (6mL/Kg), PEEP de 10cmH2O, e NOi de 5ppm.; d) Dez animais não instrumentados e não ventilados mecanicamente, grupo sadio (GSadio), foram estudados para o TAP. Pressão...
Background/Objectives: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been associated with high mortality rate despite better understanding of its pathophysiology and recent advances in treatment. Mechanical ventilation (MV), one of the most important treatments, is based on using protective strategies with low tidal volume (VT) and high positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). There are also many adjunctive therapies, of which inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is known for its antiinflammatory properties and positive effects on oxygenation. When iNO is associated with protective MV, it could not only improve oxygenation but may also reduce lung injury. Objective: to compare protective MV with and without iNO for oxygenation, lung oxidative stress, inflammatory and histopathological injury. Methods: Thirty rabbits were instrumented with a tracheotomy and vascular catheters and ventilated at FiO2 1.0. Acute lung injury (ALI) was induced by tracheal infusion of warm saline (30mL/Kg, 38°C), lung oxidative stress was assessed by total antioxidant performance (TAP) assay, and pulmonary inflammation was assessed by counting of the number of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL). Histopathological lung injury was assessed by a lung injury score. Animals were assigned to groups: a) Control (CG): low tidal volume (6mL/Kg) and PEEP 5cmH2O; b) ALI without iNO (LIG): low tidal volume (6mL/Kg) and PEEP 10cmH2O; and c) ALI with iNO (LINOG): low tidal volume (6mL/Kg), PEEP 10cmH2O, and iNO 5ppm; d) Ten rabbits were studied for oxidative stress analysis without ALI and MV, healthy group (HG). Ventilatory and hemodynamic parameters were recorded every 30 minutes for 4 hours. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: After induction, ALI groups were similar but worse than CG for PaO2/FiO2 (CG:438±87>LIG:80±13=LINOG:81±24;p<0.05) and pulmonary compliance... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Pereira, Marcelo Luís Monteiro. „O papel da heme oxigenase 1 na síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo associada à malária“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-11112016-154538/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMalaria is a serious disease, caused by the parasite of the genus Plasmodium, which was responsible to 440,000 deaths in 2015. Acute lung injury/ acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is one of the main clinical complications in severe malaria. The murine model DBA/2 reproduces the clinical signs of ALI/ARDS observed in humans, when infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Additionally, high levels heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were reported in cases of cerebral malaria and in ALI/ARDS in humans. Our data have indicated that the HO-1 levels are increased in mice that develop malaria associated ALI/ARDS (MA-ALI/ARDS). Additionally, a HO-1 inducing drug (hemin) increased the survival rate and prevented mice from developing MA-ALI/ARDS in treated mice. Also, there was a decrease in the lung permeability and in lung VEGF levels, and an amelioration of respiratory parameters. Therefore, the induction of HO-1 before the development of MA-ALI/ARDS is protective, making this enzyme a possible target of new drugs to prevent the development of MA-ALI/ARDS in humans.
Barbosa, Susiane de Oliveira. „Efeito da suplementação com licopeno sobre o estresse oxidativo pulmonar induzido por lesão pulmonar aguda experimental“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153467.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo (SDRA) caracteriza-se por processo inflamatório que leva à quebra da barreira alvéolo-capilar com desenvolvimento de edema intersticial e alveolar, diminuição da complacência pulmonar, hipertensão pulmonar, desequilíbrio da relação ventilação/perfusão e hipoxemia refratária à administração de oxigênio. Apesar do progresso no entendimento de sua fisiopatologia e consequente avanço em estratégias terapêuticas de pacientes com SDRA, a mortalidade permanece elevada. Entre os mecanismos que levam a síndrome, várias evidências sugerem que pacientes portadores de SDRA estão expostos a elevado grau de estresse oxidativo (EO) induzido por ampla variedade de eventos. Por essa razão é fundamental a compreensão do papel do EO tanto na instalação como na perpetuação do processo infamatório que ocorre na doença. No entanto, apesar do uso de antioxidantes ter mostrado algum benefício na evolução da doença, ainda não há evidência clínica para sua utilização rotineira na prática. O licopeno é um carotenoide sem atividade provitamina A encontrado principalmente no tomate e nas frutas vermelhas. Em decorrência de seu grande número de duplas ligações conjugadas, o licopeno é considerado um dos melhores antioxidantes entre os carotenoides. Além disso, é um dos mais potentes antioxidantes encontrados no organismo humano, apresentando potência antioxidante 100 vezes maior do que a vitamina E e a vitamina C. A ventilação mecânica convencional protetora (VMC) constitui um dos principais pilares do tratamento da SDRA, sendo capaz de modificar a evolução da doença e reduzir a mortalidade. Baseado nos efeitos protetores da ventilação oscilatória de alta frequência (VOAF) sobre a SDRA, anteriormente descritos pelo grupo, bem como o potencial papel antioxidante e antiinflamatório do licopeno, nossa hipótese é que esse carotenoide exerce efeito protetor adicional em modelo experimental de SDRA. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar os efeitos da suplementação com licopeno sobre o EO pulmonar, por meio da capacidade antioxidante total (TAP) e dano oxidativo do DNA (teste do Cometa), em modelo experimental de lesão pulmonar induzida em coelhos ventilados com VMC e VOAF, comparando-os com grupo controle. Também foram avaliadas a histologia pulmonar e a inflamação pela contagem de células de neutrófilos no lavado broncoalveolar. Cinquenta e cinco coelhos foram instrumentados com traqueostomia, acessos vasculares e ventilados mecanicamente. Os animais suplementados receberam 10mg/Kg de licopeno durante 21 dias antes do experimento. A lesão pulmonar foi induzida por infusão traqueal de salina aquecida (30mL/Kg, 38°C). Foram formados os seguintes grupos experimentais: animais sadios foram submetidos a eutanásia para compor o grupo baseline sem suplementação: GBL; n=5 e baseline suplementado com licopeno: GBLL; n=5, animais sadios submetidos à VM Protetora, sem suplementação denominado grupo controle GC; n=5, animais submetidos à indução da lesão pulmonar e tratamento com ventilação mecânica e suplementados com licopeno GVMCL; n=10 e sem suplementação GVMC; n=10, com LP submetidos à VOAF e suplementados com licopeno GVAFL; n=10 e sem suplementação GVAF; n=10. Após a confirmação da lesão pulmonar, as gasometrias foram realizadas a cada 30 minutos pelas 4 horas de duração do protocolo experimental. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Comparando os momentos, antes e depois da lesão pulmonar em cada grupo, houve piora significante da oxigenação e também diminuição da complacência pulmonar estática em todos os grupos. Após 4 horas, os grupos tratados com VOAF, com e sem licopeno, e o grupo sob VMC protetora com licopeno, apresentaram melhora significante em relação ao grupo VMC protetora sem suplementação, apresentando relação de PaO2/FiO2 semelhante aos momentos antes da indução da lesão pulmonar e em relação ao GC. A contagem de neutrófilos no lavado broncoalveolar mostrou que os grupos GVMCL e GVAFL, apresentaram valores significantemente menores em comparação com os animais sem suplementação. GC, GVAFL e GVMCL apresentaram escore de lesão histológica significantemente menor quando comparados com os grupos sem suplementação. Quanto ao TAP no tecido pulmonar, não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos. O dano do DNA nos linfócitos, comparando os animais sob VMC protetora, foi significantemente mais baixo nos animais suplementados com licopeno. Este estudo demonstra que independentemente do modo ventilatório, a suplementação prévia com licopeno melhora a oxigenação, reduz a lesão inflamatória bem como a lesão histopatológica nos animais, assemelhando-se aos benefícios propostos pela VOAF, e minimiza o dano no DNA nos animais sob VMC protetora com suplementação em relação aos animais sob mesma ventilação.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by inflammatory process that leads to the breakdown of the alveolar-capillary barrier with the development of interstitial and alveolar edema, decreased pulmonary compliance, pulmonary hypertension, impaired ventilation and perfusion, and hypoxemia refractory to administration of oxygen. Despite better understanding in pathophysiology and consequent advancement in therapeutic strategies for ARDS patients, mortality remains high. Although the exact mechanism leading to ARDS is unknown, several evidences suggest that patients with the syndrome are exposed to a high degree of oxidative stress. For this reason it is important to understand the role of oxidative stress in both, initiation and progress of inflammatory process that occurs in the disease. However, although the use of antioxidants has shown some benefit in ARDS evolution, there is still no clinical evidence for its use in practice routine. Lycopene is a carotenoid with no provitamin A activity found mainly in tomatoes and red fruits. Due to its large number of double conjugated bonds, lycopene is considered one of the best antioxidants among carotenoids. In addition, it is one of the most potent antioxidants found in the human body, with antioxidant potency 100 times higher than vitamin E and vitamin C. Conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) is the main ARDS treatment, capable of modifying disease evolution and reducing mortality. Based on the protective effects of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) on ARDS, previously described by our group, as well as the potential antioxidant and antiinflammatory role of lycopene, our hypothesis is that this carotenoid has additional protective effect in ARDS model. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lycopene supplementation on pulmonary oxidative damage, analyzing total antioxidant performance (TAP) and oxidative DNA damage (Comet Assay), in an experimental induced lung injury model in rabbits, ventilated by CMV and HFOV compared to control group. Pulmonary histology and neutrophil cell counts were also evaluated. Fifty-five rabbits were instrumented with tracheostomy, vascular accesses and mechanically ventilated. Supplemented animals received 10mg/ kg of lycopene for 21 days prior to the experiment. Lung injury was induced by tracheal infusion of warm saline (30mL/ kg, 38°C). The following experimental groups were: healthy animals submitted to euthanasia to compose the baseline group without supplementation: GBL; n = 5 and baseline supplemented with lycopene: GBLL; n = 5, healthy animals submitted to Protective CMV, without supplementation, denominated GC control group; n = 5, animals submitted to lung injury induction and mechanical ventilation treatment and supplemented with lycopene GVMCL; n = 10 and without supplementation GVMC; n = 10, animals with LP submitted to HFOV and supplemented with lycopene GVAFL; n = 10 and without supplementation GVAF; n = 10. After confirming lung injury induction, blood gases were performed every 30 minutes during the 4 hours of the experimental protocol. The level of significance was 5%. Comparing the moments before and after the pulmonary injury induction in each group, there was a significant worsening of oxygenation and decrease in static lung compliance in all groups after injury induction. After 4 hours, groups treated with HFOV, with and without lycopene supplementation, and group with lycopene supplementation and submitted protective CMV, showed a significant improvement compared to Protective CMV group without supplementation, showing PaO2/FiO2 ratio similar to the moments before the pulmonary induction and CG. Neutrophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage showed that GVMCL and GVAFL groups presented significantly lower comparing with animals without supplementation. GC, GVAFL and GVMCL had a significantly lower histological injury score compared to groups without supplementation. TAP in lung tissue showed no statistical difference among groups. DNA damage on lymphocytes comparing animals submitted to protective CMV was significantly lower in animals supplemented with lycopene. This study demonstrates that independent of the ventilatory mode, prior lycopene supplementation improves oxygenation, reduced inflammatory injury, as well as histopathological injury score in this lung injury animal model. Both HFOV groups, and animals submitted to protective CMV and supplemented with lycopene showed reduced DNA-free damage compared to animals under de same ventilation without supplementation.
FAPESP: 2014/15683-9
Carvalho, Marcos Giovanni Santos. „Avaliação das repercussões da corticoterapia pré-natal em recém-nascidos em maternidade de referência de Manaus - AM“. Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2305.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Introduction: Prematurity is a serious problem for health services across the world, and the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the largest lung problem during the neonatal period. The deployment of new technologies such as prenatal corticosteroids has shown an important role in reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality, in spite of few studies conducted in Brazil. Purpose: Evaluate the impact of antenatal corticosteroid on clinical outcomes of premature newborns. Methodology: Retrospective study of medical data collection of 24 newborns to 34 weeks of gestational age and their respective mothers, during the year of 2010 at Maternity "Balbina Mestrinho" in Manaus/AM. The sample was divided into four groups, considering the exposure of newborns to prenatal corticosteroid and the gestational age of them [Corticosteroids Groups (CG) ≤ 30 and 31 weeks ≥; and groups without Corticosteroid (GS) ≤ and ≥ 30 31semanas]. The GC and GS ≤ 30; GC and GS ≥ 31 were compared, considering the variables: incidence of RDS and its severity, use of exogenous surfactant, ventilatory support requirement, length of hospital stay and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The Generalized Fisher exact test and the binomial test and the Mann-Whitney were used by statistical software R2 .14 .1 with the packages and Deducer Rcmdr, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: the frequency of use of corticosteroid was 43,91% among pregnant women. The prenatal corticosteroids reduced the RDS diagnosis, but not its severity, in the GC ≥ 31 (p = 0.0028), as well as the need for exogenous surfactant administration (p = 0.0175), what was not seen in the GC ≤ 30. The corticosteroid did not reduce the use of ventilatory support or the number of days of its use, nor the time of hospitalization. There was no difference in the diagnosis of morbidity and mortality among newborns of same gestational range exposed to antenatal corticosteroid (p > 0.05). Conclusions: there was repercussion in favour of the use of antenatal corticosteroid in RDS reduction and the use of exogenous surfactant for newborns with a gestational age ≥ 31 weeks; on the other hand, such therapy did not influence the use and duration of ventilatory support, length of hospital stay and mortality rates between newborns of similar gestational range.
Introdução: A prematuridade representa um sério problema para serviços de saúde através do mundo, sendo a síndrome do desconforto respiratório neonatal (SDRN) o maior problema pulmonar durante o período neonatal. A implantação de novas tecnologias como a corticoterapia pré-natal têm mostrado importante papel na redução da morbimortalidade neonatal, apesar dos poucos estudos realizados no Brasil. Objetivo: Avaliar as repercussões da corticoterapia pré-natal sobre variáveis de evolução clínica e desfecho de recém-nascidos (RN´s) prematuros. Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo, de coleta de dados de prontuários de neonatos de 24 a 34 semanas de idade gestacional (IG) e de suas respectivas mães, durante o ano de 2010 na Maternidade Balbina Mestrinho em Manaus/AM. A amostra foi dividida em quatro grupos, considerando-se a exposição dos RN´s à corticoterapia pré-natal e a IG dos mesmos [Grupos Corticoides (GC) ≤ 30 e ≥ 31 semanas; e Grupos Sem Corticoide (GS) ≤ 30 e ≥ 31semanas]. Os GC e GS ≤ 30; GC e GS ≥ 31 foram comparados, considerando-se as variáveis: incidência de SDRN e sua severidade, uso de surfactante exógeno, necessidade de suporte ventilatório, tempo de internação e morbimortalidade neonatal, utilizando-se os testes Exato de Fisher Generalizado e o Teste binominal bem como o de Mann-Whitney por meio do software estatístico R2,14,1 com os pacotes Deducer e Rcmdr, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A frequência de utilização do corticoide foi de 43,91% entre as gestantes. A corticoterapia pré-natal reduziu o diagnóstico da SDRN, mas não a sua severidade, no GC ≥ 31 (p=0,0028), bem como a necessidade de administração do surfactante exógeno (p=0,0175), fato não ocorrido no GC ≤ 30. O corticoide não reduziu o uso de suporte ventilatório nem o número de dias de sua utilização, tampouco o tempo de internação. Não houve diferença no diagnóstico de morbimortalidade entre os RN´s de mesma faixa gestacional expostos à corticoterapia pré-natal (p>0,05). Conclusões: Verificou-se repercussão favorável ao uso do corticoide pré-natal na redução da SDRN e na utilização de surfactante exógeno para RN´s com IG ≥ 31 semanas; por outro lado, tal terapia não apresentou influência no uso e tempo de suporte ventilatório, tempo de internação e morbimortalidade entre RN´s de faixa gestacional similar.
Corvino, Juliana Maria [UNESP]. „Na companhia do vírus: concepções e vivências de adolescentes portadores do HIV/Aids“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98424.
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Transformações sociais decorrentes do acelerado desenvolvimento urbano-industrial introduziram grandes mudanças no modo de vida. Considerando os adolescentes como tendo características próprias de um grupo em transição para a vida adulta, e as influências decorrentes do meio social e cultural, acrescenta-se mais um problema trazido pelo surgimento do HIV/Aids. Nessa condição específica de portador do HIV/Aids, tem-se que esse grupo redefine suas formas de enfrentar a vida, devido à exclusão social que a doença ainda provoca. Assim, o trabalho busca identificar a percepção de adolescentes portadores do HIV/Aids, atendidos no Ambulatório de Imunologia Especial do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu/UNESP, sobre como é viver com a doença no ambiente familiar, na escola e no hospital. Conforme a OMS, os adolescentes situam-se entre 10 a 19 anos de idade. Selecionamos para entrevista semi-estruturada, treze adolescentes em tratamento durante o ano de 2011 e para os quais se apresentou o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Medicina. Dentre as concepções, questões como novos arranjos familiares, preconceito e estigma encontram-se presentes. Deste modo, dar voz aos jovens pacientes e reconhecer a reconfiguração de...
Considering the fact that adolescents typically show the characteristics of a group in transition to adulthood as well as the influences from their social and cultural milieus, another problem brought by the rise of HIV/AIDS is added. In this specific condition of carrying HIV/AIDS, this group of individuals redefines their forms of coping with life due to the social exclusion that such disease still causes. Hence this study aimed at identifying the perception of adolescents with HIV/AIDS attended to at the Special Immunology Outpatient Unit of the Botucatu School of Medicine University Hospital/UNESP of what it is like to live with the disease in their family environment, at school and in the hospital. According to WHO, adolescents are from 10 to 19 years old. It was used qualitative research with thirteen adolescents undergoing treatment in 2011, that was selected to participate in semi-structured interviews, to whom was presented a Free-Consent Form approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Medicine. In this initial stage of presenting the first results, described the data found, classified according specific characteristics, such as the fact that all respondents studying in public schools. Because they are young, there is the need to expand educational projects on the topic. These policies should be proposed in order to meet and talk more openly with students and educators concerning health, disease and approach to patients. About the outpatient clinic, the patients ranged from feeling normal, good and great. These data lead to show that this space is the presence of humanization and that there is a good relationship between doctor and patient, considering that the multidisciplinary team seeks to meet the physical, mental and social these adolescents, indicating an adaptation of the traditional biomedical model... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Campos, Fabio Joly. „Efeito do óxido nítrico inalatório associado à ventilação mecânica protetora na lesão pulmonar aguda induzida experimentalmente /“. Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92154.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBanca: Ana Lúcia dos Anjos Ferreira
Banca: Regina Grigolli Cesar
Resumo: Fundamentação/Objetivos: Síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA) cursa com elevada taxa de mortalidade a despeito do melhor entendimento de sua fisiopatologia e recentes avanços no tratamento. Ventilação mecânica (VM), uma das mais importantes formas de tratamento, é baseada na utilização de estratégias protetoras com baixo volume corrente (VC) e elevada pressão expiratória final positiva (PEEP). Existem várias terapias adjuvantes, entre as quais o óxido nítrico inalatório (NOi) é conhecido por suas propriedades antiinflamatórias e efeitos benéficos sobre a oxigenação. Quando o NOi é associado à VM protetora, o gás poderia não apenas melhorar a oxigenação mas também reduzir a lesão pulmonar. Objetivo: comparar a VM protetora, com e sem NOi, quanto a oxigenação, estresse oxidativo do tecido pulmonar e lesão histológica e inflamatória dos pulmões. Métodos: Trinta coelhos foram instrumentados com traqueotomia e acessos vasculares e ventilados com FiO2 de 1,0. Lesão pulmonar aguda (LPA) foi induzida por infusão traqueal de salina aquecida (30mL/Kg, 38°C) e o estresse oxidativo do tecido pulmonar foi medido pelo método da capacidade antioxidante total (TAP). A inflamação pulmonar foi avaliada pelo contagem do número de células polimorfonucleares (PMN) recuperadas do fluido de lavagem broncoalveolar (BAL). Também foi analisado um escore de lesão pulmonar histopatológica. Os animais foram distribuídos nos seguintes grupos, cada um dos quais com 10 coelhos: a) Controle (GC): baixo VC (6mL/Kg) e PEEP de 5cmH2O; b) ventilação mecânica protetora + LPA (GVM): baixo VC (6mL/Kg) e PEEP de 10cmH2O; e c) ventilação mecânica protetora + LPA + NOi (GVM-NO): baixo VC (6mL/Kg), PEEP de 10cmH2O, e NOi de 5ppm.; d) Dez animais não instrumentados e não ventilados mecanicamente, grupo sadio (GSadio), foram estudados para o TAP. Pressão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Background/Objectives: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been associated with high mortality rate despite better understanding of its pathophysiology and recent advances in treatment. Mechanical ventilation (MV), one of the most important treatments, is based on using protective strategies with low tidal volume (VT) and high positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). There are also many adjunctive therapies, of which inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is known for its antiinflammatory properties and positive effects on oxygenation. When iNO is associated with protective MV, it could not only improve oxygenation but may also reduce lung injury. Objective: to compare protective MV with and without iNO for oxygenation, lung oxidative stress, inflammatory and histopathological injury. Methods: Thirty rabbits were instrumented with a tracheotomy and vascular catheters and ventilated at FiO2 1.0. Acute lung injury (ALI) was induced by tracheal infusion of warm saline (30mL/Kg, 38°C), lung oxidative stress was assessed by total antioxidant performance (TAP) assay, and pulmonary inflammation was assessed by counting of the number of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL). Histopathological lung injury was assessed by a lung injury score. Animals were assigned to groups: a) Control (CG): low tidal volume (6mL/Kg) and PEEP 5cmH2O; b) ALI without iNO (LIG): low tidal volume (6mL/Kg) and PEEP 10cmH2O; and c) ALI with iNO (LINOG): low tidal volume (6mL/Kg), PEEP 10cmH2O, and iNO 5ppm; d) Ten rabbits were studied for oxidative stress analysis without ALI and MV, healthy group (HG). Ventilatory and hemodynamic parameters were recorded every 30 minutes for 4 hours. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: After induction, ALI groups were similar but worse than CG for PaO2/FiO2 (CG:438±87>LIG:80±13=LINOG:81±24;p<0.05) and pulmonary compliance... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Neto, Ruy de Camargo Pires. „Envolvimento das pequenas vias aéreas na Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo: papel da inflamação, das alterações do surfactante e da apoptose de células epiteliais“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-27102011-141759/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecent studies suggest a role for distal airway injury in the pathophysiology of human ALI/ARDS. The epithelium lining the airways modulates airway function secreting a large number of molecules such as surfactant components and inflammatory mediators. So far, there is little information on how these secretory functions of the small airways are altered in ARDS. In the present study we assessed the airway expression of surfactant protein (SP) A and SP B, the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, and an index of airway epithelial apoptosis of patients with ARDS submitted to autopsy and compared the results with those of control subjects. We studied autopsy lungs of 31 ARDS patients (PaO2/FiO2200, 45±14 years, 16 males) and 11 controls (52±16 years, 7 males). Using immunohistochemistry and image analysis, we quantified the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and SP-A and SP-B in the epithelium of small airways (diameter2.0mm). Airway epithelial apoptosis index was obtained with the TUNEL assay and FAS/FASL expression. We also quantified the density of inflammatory cells expressing IL-6 and IL-8 within the small airway walls. ARDS airways showed an increase in the epithelial expression of IL-8 (p=0.006) and an increased density of inflammatory cells expressing IL-6 (p=0.004) and IL-8 (p<0.001) when compared to controls. There were no differences in SP-A and SP-B epithelium expression or in epithelial apoptosis index between ARDS and controls. Our results show that the distal airways are involved in ARDS lung inflammation with higher expression of pro-inflammatory interleukins in both airway epithelial and inflammatory cells. Our results also suggest that apoptosis is not a major mechanism of airway epithelial cell death in ARDS
Guimarães, André Gustavo Moura. „Influência da dor neonatal e as variáveis fisiológicas mediante as condutas fisioterapêuticas em prematuros com síndrome do desconforto respiratório na unidade de terapia intensiva“. Universidade Nove de Julho, 2018. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1888.
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Introduction: neonatal pain results in neurobiological effects, and changes in behavioral reactions of children who were born prematurely. There is no clear description about the pain caused by chest physiotherapy technique, nor about the possible non-pharmacological interventions to prevent it. Objective: to evaluate neonatal pain and physiological parameters during the chest physiotherapy in premature neonates (PTNB) in neonatal intensive care. Method: a randomized controlled trial, not blinded, in which 120 PTNB in mechanical ventilation were studied. They were randomized into four groups: control group (CG), diaphragmatic stimulation group (EDG), manual hyperinflation group (MHG), thoracic vibration group (VTG), containing 30 individuals in each one. The protocol consisted of 3 phases, the first phase being considered the control, and the other associated with non-pharmacological techniques to reduce pain: application of the technique (phase 1), application of technique + facilitated tucking (phase 2), application of technique + glucose (phase 3). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), SpO2, Behavioral pain scale Indicators of Infant Pain (BIIP, ranges from 0 to 10) and Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS, ranges from 0 -7) were recorded at pre, during and after (15 minutes) the procedures described. Results: 62 (51.66%) RNPT were female, and most considered small for gestational age (83, 69%). Physiological variables (HR, FR, and SpO2) behaved in a similar manner in all groups (CG, MHG, EDG, VTG), being greater in phase 1, however these variables were reduced at phase 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). This means that during the application of non-pharmacological intervention (facilitated tucking or glucose) there was reduction of those variables. BIIP and NIPS scales showed increased in all of the groups in the phase 1 during the application of the techniques, however, similar to the physiological variables, these scales had reduced scores when applied to facilitated tucking (phase 2) or glucose (phase 3), p < 0.05. The number of individuals who have had pain assessed by BIIP (> 3 points) at the moment after in the phase 1 was 83 (69%), in phase 2 was 22 (18%), and in phase 3 of 34 (28%), p < 0.001. Conclusions: The chest physiotherapy techniques can increase the pain in PTNB, however, the non-pharmacological techniques, such as facilitated tucking and glucose, were able to reduce it.
Introdução: A dor neonatal desencadeia efeitos neurobiológicos agudamente, e alterações nas reações comportamentais da criança nascida prematuramente. Não há descrição clara sobre a dor ocasionada por técnicas manuais de fisioterapia respiratória, tampouco sobre as possíveis intervenções não farmacológicas na prevenção da mesma. Objetivo: Avaliar a dor neonatal e parâmetros fisiológicos durante a fisioterapia respiratória em neonatos prematuros na UTI neonatal. Metodologia: ensaio clínico randomizado controlado, não cego, no qual foram estudados 120 recém-nascidos prematuros (RNPT), de ambos os sexos, em ventilação mecânica. Foram randomizados em quatro grupos: grupo controle (GC), grupo estimulação diafragmática (GED), grupo hiperinsuflação manual (GHM), grupo vibração torácica (GVT), contendo 30 indivíduos em cada. O protocolo constou de 3 fases, sendo a primeira fase considerada a controle, e as demais associadas a técnicas não farmacológicas de redução da dor: aplicação da técnica (fase 1), aplicação da técnica e contenção (fase 2), aplicação da técnica e glicose (fase 3). A frequência cardíaca (FC), respiratória (FR), SpO2, escala de dor Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain (BIIP, varia de 0 a 10) e Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS, varia de 0 -7) foram registradas pré, durante e após (15 minutos) dos procedimentos em cada fase descrita. Resultados: 62 (51,66%) dos RNPT do sexo feminino, e a maioria considerados pequenos para idade gestacional (83 69%). As variáveis fisiológicas (FC, FR, e SpO2) se comportaram de maneira semelhante, em todos os grupos, sendo maior na fase 1, reduzindo nas fases 2 e 3 (p<0,05). Durante a aplicação de intervenção não farmacológica (contenção ou glicose) houve redução daquelas variáveis. As escalas BIIP e NIPS mostraram aumento em todos dos grupos na fase 1 durante a aplicação das técnicas, sendo reduzida a dor quando aplicado a contenção (fase 2) ou a glicose (fase 3), p< 0,05. O número de indivíduos que tiveram dor avaliado pela BIIP (> 3 pontos) no momento após na fase 1 foi 83 (69%), na fase 2 foi 22 (18%), e na fase 3 de 34 (28%) p< 0,001. Conclusões: As técnicas de manuais de fisioterapia respiratória demonstraram gerar dor nos RNPT, entretanto, técnicas não farmacológicas como contenção e glicose foram capazes de reduzi-la.
Barreira, Eliane Roseli. „Utilização da nova definição de Berlim no diagnóstico da síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo em crianças criticamente doentes“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-13062018-083515/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleINTRODUCTION: In 1994, the American-European Consensus Conference first established the diagnostic criteria to define Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Since then, these criteria have been used to define the syndrome in both adults and children. In 2012, a new definition - the so-called Berlin definition - was proposed to be used in adults, but no references were made regarding its applicability in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, outcomes and risk factors associated with the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in children according to the Berlin definition as compared with the American-European Consensus Conference definition. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter cohort study conducted from March to September 2013 at eight Pediatric Intensive Care Units located at the state of Sao Paulo. All children aged 1 month to 15 years old who met eligibility criteria were evaluated daily for the presence of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome according to the American-European Consensus Conference and the Berlin definitions, and related outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 562 patients included, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome developed in 58 (10.3%) and 57 (10%) patients, according to the American-European Consensus Conference and the Berlin definitions, respectively. Among patients diagnosed according to the Berlin definition, 9 (16%) were classified as mild, 21 (37%) moderate, and 27 (47%) severe. Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome had a significantly higher number of comorbidities, higher severity scores at admission, longer hospital length of stay, longer duration of mechanical ventilation and higher mortality (p < 0.05) than patients who did not develop the syndrome. Comparisons across the three severity categories according to the Berlin definition showed significant differences in the number of ventilator-free days (21, 20 and 5 days, p < 0.001) and mortality (0.15% and 41%, p < 0.02) for patients with mild, moderate and severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, respectively. Differences were observed only for patients with severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome compared with the two other severity groups. No differences in Pediatric Intensive Care or hospital length of stay were observed across the three categories. CONCLUSIONS: The Berlin definition can identify a subgroup of patients with distinctly worse outcomes, as shown by the reduced number of ventilator-free days and higher mortality for children with severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Rossi, Flávia Feijó Panico. „Fatores de risco para mortalidade e desfechos em síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo pediátrico e lesão pulmonar aguda pediátrica“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-24102016-161452/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePurpose: Children admitted to PICUs often present with or develop respiratory failure that requires mechanical ventilation. We prospectively identified children admitted to three general PICUs, with the goal of identifying risk factors for mortality. Methods: In this observational study of patients aged between 1 month and 15 years treated between August 2008 and July 2010, eligible children were those with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome that developed at least 12 hours after invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation. We used logistic regression models to explore the relationship between death and independent variables. Results: Of 3,046 patients admitted to the three PICUs, 1,658 patients underwent mechanical ventilation, and 84 fulfilled the acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Nearly 60% were boys, and the median age was 31 months. Pressure control/assist control was the initial mode of mechanical ventilation in 86% of cases, and the median durations of mechanical ventilation and PICU stay were 12 and 15 days, respectively. None of the eight patients with acute lung injury died, whereas 33 of 76 of the remaining patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome died, for an overall mortality rate of 39.3% (95% CI, 28.8-50.6%). In different multivariate logistic regression model, the number of organ dysfunctions at admission, peak inspiratory pressure, airway pressure gradient on day 1, and the mean airway pressure gradient over the first 7 days of mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with mortality. Conclusion: Mortality is high in pediatric acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mechanical ventilation-associated risk factors for death among such patients are potential targets for intervention
Mamani, Chino Elizabeth. „Anemia asociada a síndrome obstructivo bronquial en niños menores de 2 años atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales durante el año 2015“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8543.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDetermina la asociación entre la anemia y el síndrome obstructivo bronquial en niños menores de 2 años atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Sergio E. Bernales. Es un estudio observacional, correlacional, retrospectivo de corte transversal y enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra está conformada por 180 niños menores de 2 años con síndrome obstructivo bronquial, distribuidos en 118 niños con anemia y 62 niños sin anemia. El análisis de los datos se realiza en el paquete estadístico SPSS v.21, se utiliza la prueba de correlación de Spearman y la prueba Chi-cuadrado para evaluar relación entre las variables. Como resultado de los 180 niños con SOB, el 65,5% (118) presentan anemia, el grado de anemia más frecuente fue moderada (54,2%), seguido de leve (45%) y severa (0,8%). Se evidencia que existe correlación negativa estadística entre el grado de severidad del SOB y los valores de hemoglobina, hematocrito, VCM y HCM, (p< 0,001, p=0,010, p=0,009, p=0,004, respectivamente), es decir a menor valor de la hemoglobina mayor es la severidad del SOB y así para cada uno de los parámetros evaluados. Se observa que la presencia de anemia se asocia a SOB leve y moderada (p< 0,001 y p=0,004, respectivamente), todos los pacientes con SOB grave tuvieron anemia. Respecto al grado de anemia se indica que la anemia leve se asocia a un menor tiempo de internamiento hospitalario (p=0,019) y a SOB leve (p=0,001), mientras que la anemia moderada se asocia a un mayor tiempo de internamiento (p=0,026) y a SOB moderado (p=0,009), se encuentra una mayor frecuencia de casos graves de SOB en pacientes con anemia moderada. Solo hubo un paciente con anemia severa, este paciente SOB moderado y mayor tiempo de internamiento. Se concluye que la presencia de anemia se asocia a un mayor compromiso clínico del síndrome obstructivo bronquial en niños menores de 2 años, principalmente relacionado con la severidad del SOB; la anemia moderada se asocia a mayor severidad del SOB y a mayor tiempo de internamiento hospitalario.
Tesis
Díaz, Luque Ivan. „Caracterización de la respuesta inmune de lechones durante la infección y tras la vacunación con el virus del Síndrome Reproductivo y Respiratorio Porcino“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5605.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLos resultados obtenidos con las vacunas que se comercializan arrojan ciertas dudas sobre su eficacia. Una de las razones por la que no se han podido desarrollar vacunas más eficientes es la falta de un conocimiento profundo de la respuesta inmune (RI) que ocurre tras la infección.
El agente etiológico de esta enfermedad es conocido como virus del PRRS (PRRSV) o arterivirus porcino. Se han descrito dos genotipos, el americano y el europeo. Existe, además, una elevada variabilidad genética dentro de cada genotipo. Hasta la fecha, la mayoría de estudios sobre la RI tras la infección o tras la vacunación con este virus han sido realizados usando cepas americanas.
El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es caracterizar la RI del cerdo frente a cepas del PRRSV del genotipo europeo; primero, durante la infección de lechones con una cepa de campo español y, segundo tras la vacunación con cepas atenuadas (vacunas comerciales), evaluando su eficacia frente a un desafío homólogo o heterólogo.
Primer estudio: Los hallazgos más significativos de la RI de los cerdos infectados experimentalmente con una cepa española son: ausencia de producción de IL-2 e IL-4, aparición temprana de anticuerpos no neutralizantes, respuesta neutralizante inconstante y tardía y un desarrollo lento e irregular de CP-IFN-gamma específicas de PRRSV que, sin embargo, podría estar relacionado con el fin de la viremia. Una de las hipótesis que planteamos para explicar la anómala respuesta celular observada es la producción de IL-10 y de haptoglobina en las primeras fases de la infección. Planteamos también la hipótesis que quizás la RI desempeña un papel secundario en la resolución de la infección, tal y como ya se ha demostrado con otros arterivirus como el virus elevador de la lactato-deshidrogenasa del ratón.
Segundo estudio: Los cerdos vacunados presentan periodos de viremia muy largos (42 días). Las largas viremias descritas con ambas vacunas denotan una situación indeseable dónde se posibilita la excreción del virus y por tanto la transmisión y la hipotética reversión a virulencia. Sorprendentemente, tras el desafío, se detectó el virus en sangre sólo en los animales vacunados con la cepa homóloga (V1) (4/5). La respuesta humoral neutralizante no aparece antes de los 2 meses post-vacunación y por tanto este parámetro no puede relacionarse con la protección otorgada por las vacunas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que son las CP-IFN-gamma el parámetro inmune que debería considerarse como marcador de protección. Independientemente de la vacuna que les administra, los animales que alcanzan una magnitud mínima de CP-IFN-gamma en el momento del desafío quedan protegidos. De hecho, la vacuna que aporta un mayor grado de protección es la vacuna heteróloga (V3), ya que induce los mayores niveles de CP-IFN-gamma. La falta de protección homóloga (V1) podría explicarse por la capacidad intrínseca de esta cepa de inducir IL-10 incluso en las células de los animales control. Todo ello sugiere que la protección conferida por una vacuna contra el PRRSV no depende sólo de la homología entre el virus vacunal y la cepa del desafío, sino que también debe considerarse el tiempo transcurrido tras la vacunación y las propiedades inmunológicas inherentes de cada cepa.
En definitiva, nuestros estudios demuestran que la RI de los lechones tras la infección con una cepa virulenta del PRRSV es prácticamente igual a la que se desarrolla tras la vacunación con cepas atenuadas, ya sean éstas del genotipo europeo o del americano. Además, nuestro segundo estudio demuestra que las CP-IFN-gamma específicas de PRRSV desempeñan un papel importante en la protección frente a la infección.
Since it was described in 1987, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) has become one of the most important diseases in the swine worldwide. A recent study estimates that the economic losses caused by PRRS in the US amount to more than US$ 560 millions annually.
Regarding the commercialized vaccines, as of today, there is no convincing evidence indicating that they confer an acceptable and universal protection against the infection. One of the reasons for the lack of development of newer and more efficacious vaccines is the scarce knowledge on the immune response (IR) of pigs after infection by field strains.
The etiologic agent for this disease is known as PRRS virus (PRRSV) or Porcine Arterivirus. Two genotypes are recognized (American and European). In addition, genetic diversity of strains within a given genotype is high. To date, the majority of the studies regarding the IR of pigs after the PRRSV infection or vaccination have been done using the American strains.
The aim of this thesis is to characterize the IR against the European genotype. Firstly, during the infection of piglets with a wild-type Spanish strain and secondly after the vaccination with two attenuated virus (commercialized vaccines), evaluating their efficacy after a challenge with a homologous or a heterologous strain.
First study: The most significant results in the IR of the piglets experimental infected with a Spanish strain are: lack of IL-2 and IL-4 production, early production of non-neutralizing antibodies, inconstant and late humoral neutralizing response and slow and irregular development of PRRSV-specific IFN-gamma-secreting cells (IFN-gamma-SC) measured by ELISPOT. Nevertheless, this last parameter would be associated with the disappearance of the virus from the blood. The IL-10 and haptoglobin production in the first phases of the infection could explain the anomalous cell response observed. We postulate that the IR maybe plays a secondary role in the resolution of the infection, as it has already been demonstrated with other Arterivirus as lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus of the mice.
Second study: After vaccination, some pigs remain viremic as late as 42 days post-vaccination. This extended period of viremia could significantly contribute to the spread of vaccine virus and, potentially, this phenomenon could facilitate the reversion to virulence. Surprisingly, after the challenge, only pigs vaccinated with the homologous strain (V1) become viremic (4/5). Vaccinated pigs do not develop neutralizing antibodies before the challenge. Therefore, this parameter cannot be related to the protection conferred by the vaccines. Our results suggest that IFN-gamma-SC play an important role in protection against the PRRSV infection in piglets. Regardless of the vaccine used, the pigs are protected if IFN-gamma-SC reach a minimum frequency at time of the infection. In fact, heterologous vaccine (V3) confers the best protection because it induces the highest IFN-gamma-SC frequency. The lowest protection conferred by the homologous vaccine (V1) could be explained by its intrinsic ability to induce a high IL-10 production even in naïve cells. Our results suggest that the protection afforded by a vaccine against PRRSV cannot be forecasted only by a global view of the genetic similarity between the strains but, maybe, can be forecasted by the time passed after the vaccination and the inherent immune properties of each strain.
In summary, our studies show that the IR of the piglets after the infection with a wild-type strain is similar to the IR developed after the immunization with attenuated strains, both in European and American genotypes, in spite of the genetic diversity. The second study proves that the frequency of PRRSV-specific IFN-gamma-SC plays a significant role in the protection of vaccinated pigs against a PRRSV infection.
Richter, Songhurst Patricia Scarlett. „Acciones de comunicación en la vigilancia epidemiológica del Ministerio de Salud : el caso de la amenaza global del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo, 2003“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/13854.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrabajo de suficiencia profesional
Rotman, Vivian. „Avaliação de estratégia ventilatória seqüencial em pacientes com lesão pulmonar aguda (LPA) / síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA)“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-22032010-174139/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLow tidal volumes are associated with a reduction in mortality in ALI / ARDS. Nevertheless, the application of recruitment maneuvers and high levels of PEEP are still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the ARDSnet protocol with a strategy based on Open Lung Concept (OLC), applied in a sequential way, in terms of pulmonary function, computed tomography images and inflammation, in patients with ALI / ARDS. Ten patients fulfilling criteria for ALI /ARDS, based on the American-European Consensus Conference, with less than 48 hours of evolution, were included. For definitive selection, blood gas collected after 30 min application of 5 cmH2O PEEP and VT = 10 mL/kg had to demonstrate a PaO2/FIO2 < 300 mmHg. The patients were initially ventilated for 24 hours according to the ARDSnet protocol. After this period, if the PaO2/FIO2 was 350, an OLC strategy was adopted, with recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration. The recruitment maneuver was applied in PCV, with sequential 5 cmH2O increments in PEEP, starting from 20 cmH2O until PEEP = 30 cmH2O, maintaining a delta pressure of 20 cmH2O. The aim of PEEP titration was to reach PaO2/FIO2 > 350 and three levels were tested: 17, 19 and 21 cmH2O. Ventilation according to OLC (VT = 6 mL/kg and PEEP´s level found during titration) was applied for the next 24 hours. Whole lung computed tomography images (1.25 mm thickness with 15mm gap) were acquired after 24 hours of each strategy. The institution of OLC was necessary in 9 of the 10 studied patients. The PEEP was significantly higher during OLC (17 [17-19] vs 8 cmH2O [8-11]; p=0,007) and resulted in a significant improvement on oxygenation sustained for 24 hours of follow-up, with no significant differences in plateau pressure, static compliance, minute-ventilation, PaCO2 and pH (p > 0.05). OLC resulted in a significant reduction of the fraction of total lung volume that was non-aerated, as compared to ARDSnet protocol (13% [10,5 22,5] vs. 37% [31 40,5]; p = 0,008), without a significant increase of the fraction of total lung volume that was hyperinsuflated (5% [1 13,5] vs. 2% [0 6,5]; p = 0,079). The results based on lung mass analysis were similar. OLC was associated with a reduction of the fraction of total lung mass that was non-aerated 30% [23 48,5] vs. 58% [51 60]; p=0,008), without a significant increase of the fraction of total lung mass that was hyperinsuflated (1% [0 2] vs. 0 % [0 1]; p=0,084). There was also a reduction in plasma levels of IL-6 with OLC (3,32 [2,16 9,46] vs. 4,11 ng/mL [3,26 11,02]; p=0,018). We concluded that, when compared with ARDSnet protocol, OLC improved oxygenation, reducing the fraction of non-aerated regions without significant increment in hyperinflated areas, with comparable levels of hemodynamics and fluid balance
Ocampo, Quito Silvia Lisseth. „Asociación entre las características clínicas - epidemiológicas y estancia hospitalaria prolongada de los pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de síndrome obstructivo bronquial agudo, en el Hospital Nacional Madre Niño San Bartolomé, durante el año 2013“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePublicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor
Determina la asociación de riesgo entre características clínicas y epidemiológicas presentes al ingreso de los pacientes pediátricos menores de 3 años hospitalizados con diagnóstico de síndrome obstructivo bronquial agudo; y estancia hospitalaria prolongada, en el Hospital Nacional Madre Niño San Bartolomé, durante el año 2013. El estudio es analítico de casos y controles; el grupo Caso (constituidos por pacientes con estancias hospitalarias prolongadas) y el grupo Control (constituidos por pacientes con estancias hospitalarias no prolongadas), donde se evaluó múltiples variables tanto clínicas, epidemiológicas y de manejo terapéutico mediante pruebas de contraste de hipótesis (Chi-Cuadrado). Los resultados obtenidos señala que durante el año 2013 se registraron en el libro de ingresos hospitalarios 276 casos ingresados con el diagnóstico de síndrome obstructivo bronquial; de los cuales 198 cumplían los criterios de inclusión, se repartieron en dos grupos, el Grupo Caso de 80 pacientes (los cuales tenían un tiempo de hospitalización mayor a cinco días, y el grupo control de 118 pacientes (los cuales tenían un tiempo de hospitalización menor a cinco días), de las variables estudiadas solo se encontró asociación de riesgo para la variable grupo etáreo con un Chi cuadrado menor de 0,05 y Odds ratio de 2,1 (IC 95%: 1,179-3,752); y para la variable estado nutricional, con un Chi cuadrado menor que 0,05, y un Odds ratio de 2,4(IC 95%: 1,190-4,76). El diagnóstico más frecuente asociado al síndrome bronquial agudo es la neumonía viral y la bronquiolitis con un 50% de frecuencia. Se concluye que el síndrome obstructivo bronquial se presenta mayormente en el sexo masculino y en menores de 12 meses, son factores de riesgo para estancia hospitalaria prolongada el ser menor de seis meses y el ser no eutrófico.
Trabajo académico
Morales, Maina Maria Barbosa. „Caracterização das alterações estruturais e de matriz extracelular de pequenas vias aéreas em pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-21122010-104823/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAirway dysfunction in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is evidenced by expiratory flow limitation and dynamic hyperinflation. The morphological alterations potentially associated with these functional changes have been investigated in experimental models of Acute Lung Injury, which show epithelial necrosis and denudation in distal airways. To date, however, no study has focused on the morphological airway changes in lungs from human subjects with ARDS. Objective: To evaluate structural and inflammatory changes in distal airways in ARDS patients. Methods and Results: We retrospectively studied autopsy lung tissue from 31 ARDS patients (A: PaO2/FIO2<=200, 45±14years, 16 males) and 11 controls (C: 52±16years, 7 males). Using image analysis, we quantified the extension of epithelial changes, bronchiolar inflammation, airway wall thickness, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein content in distal airways. ARDS airways showed a shorter extension of normal epithelium (A:32.9±27.2%, C:76.7±32.7%, p<0.001), a larger extension of epithelium denudation (A:52.6±35.2%, C:21.8±32.1%, p<0.01), increased airway inflammation (p=0.03), higher airway wall thickness (A:138.7±54.3?m, C:86.4±33.3?m, p<0.01), and higher airway content of collagen I, fibronectin, versican and MMP-9 compared to controls (p<=0.03). The extension of normal epithelium showed a positive correlation with PaO2/FiO2 (r=0.58; p=0.02) and a negative correlation with plateau pressure (r=-0.52; p=0.04). The extension of denuded epithelium showed a negative correlation with PaO2/FiO2 (r=-0.52; p=0.04). Conclusion: Structural changes in small airways of patients with ARDS were characterized by epithelial denudation, inflammation and airway wall thickening with ECM remodeling. These changes are likely to contribute to functional airway changes in patients with ARDS.
Okamoto, Valdelis Novis. „Segurança e eficácia da manobra de recrutamento com pressurização progressiva em pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo / lesão pulmonar aguda“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-24092014-143844/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA stepwise recruiting maneuver targeting minimal lung collapse was developed in a tomographic study in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome/ acute lung injury (ARDS / ALI). PaO2 + PaCO2 >= 400 mmHg assessed by intrarterial blood gases was consistent with full recruitment on tomographic sections. To assess the safety and efficacy of a stepwise recruitment maneuver in terms of its effect on gas exchange and hemodynamic variables of clinical relevance, twelve ARDS/ALI patients, extensively monitored, were submitted to the maneuver until full recruitment, adverse effects or plateau pressure = 60cmH2O. All patients achieved PaO2 + PaCO2 >= 400 mmHg with the recruitment protocol, which was well tolerated, did not cause barotrauma and resulted in the maintenance of high PaO2/ FIO2 within 6 h
Freddi, Norberto Antonio. „"Avaliação dos efeitos da adição do polietilenoglicol ao surfactante pulmonar exógeno na função pulmonar, em um modelo experimental de síndrome de desconforto respiratório tipo agudo"“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-20042006-111715/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLung surfactant is a fundamental substance in lung mechanics, with biophysical activity to reduce alveolar surface tension and to avoid pulmonary collapse. In the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs a quantitative and qualitative surfactant dysfunction with worsening of clinical status. We study, in an experimental model of ARDS in adult rabbit, the effects of polyethyeneglycol addition to the exogenous surfactant to improve the pulmonary compliance, ventilatory pressure, oxygenation index, arterial-alveolar oxygen ratio , alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, carbon dioxide partial arterial pressure, ventilatory efficiency index , alveolar medium diameter and ditorsion index. Surfactant treatment improved arterial oxygenation and the lung mechanics, with no differences between the study groups
Suzumura, Erica Aranha. „Efeito da manobra de recrutamento alveolar em pacientes com síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda: revisão sistemática e metanálise“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-18062015-143438/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePurpose: To assess the effects of alveolar recruitment maneuvers on clinical outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science (from inception to July 2014) for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of alveolar recruitment maneuvers versus no recruitment maneuvers in adults with ARDS. We placed no language restriction on our search. Four teams of two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and risk of bias and extracted data from the included trials. We pooled data using random-effects models. We used trial sequential analysis to establish monitoring boundaries to limit global type I error due to repetitive testing for our primary outcome (in-hospital mortality). We rated the quality of evidence using the GRADE system. Results: We included 10 trials (1594 patients, 612 events). The meta-analysis assessing the effect of alveolar recruitment maneuvers on in-hospital mortality showed a risk ratio (RR) of 0.84 (95%CI 0.74-0.95; I2=0%). However, quality of evidence was considered low due to the risk of bias in the included trials and indirectness of evidence, that is, available evidence does not address our primary outcome directly as recruitment maneuvers were usually conducted along with other ventilatory interventions that may affect the outcome of interest. There were no differences in the rates of barotrauma (RR 1.11, 95%CI 0.78-1.57; I2=0%) or need for rescue therapies (RR 0.76, 95%CI 0.41-1.40; I2=56%). Most trials found no difference between groups regarding the duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in ICU and in hospital. The trial sequential analysis showed that the available evidence of the effect of recruitment maneuvers on in-hospital mortality is precise when considering a type I error of 5% but not when considering a type I error of 1%. Conclusions: Although recruitment maneuvers may decrease mortality of patients with ARDS without increasing the risk for major adverse events, the current evidence is not definitive. Additional trials addressing this question may better inform clinical practice
Cruz, Oré Jorge Luis de la. „La Presencia de aniones no medibles calculados con el método de Stewart y del anión Gap corregido como variable pronóstica en pacientes críticos con síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/13399.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrabajo académico
Lyra, Priscila Pinheiro Ribeiro. „Análise de polimorfismos do gene que codifica a proteína B do surfactante: comparação entre recém-nascidos pré-termo com e sem síndrome do desconforto respiratório“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-24082010-171621/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by surfactant transient deficiency in preterm babies soon after birht. Studies sugest that RDS etiology is multifactorial and multigenic. Surfactant protein B (SP-B) is essential for surfactant metabolism and fornormal lung function. Polymorphisms and mutations in the genes that encode the surfactant components, particularly the SP-B gene, have been associated to the pathogenesis of RDS. Aims: To analyze SP-B gene polimorfisms frequencies in preterm babies with RDS and healthy term newborns, to compare the polymorphisms frequencies between both groups and to evaluate if there are differences related to sex, race and RDS. Material and Methods: We included 151 neonates, 79 preterm babies without RDS and gestational ages ranging from 26 weeks to 35 weeks , and 72 preterm newborns with RDS, gestational ages ranging from 29 weeks to 35 weeks and 6 days. Four SP-B gene polymorphisms were analyzed: A/C at - 18, C/T at 1580; A/G at 9306 and G/C at nucleotide 8714. The polymorphisms were detected by PCR amplification of genomic DNA and genotyping. The genotypes were determined using PCR-based converted restriction fragment length polymorphism (cRFLP). Results: The control group comprised 79 preterm babies without RDS; 42(53,2%) were female and 37(46,8%) male; 34(43%) were black, 16(20,3) were Whites and 29(36.7%) non- Whites/non black. Weight ranged from 1.170g to 3.260g ; gestational age ranged from 29 weeks to 35 weeks and six days (mean 33 weeks and 6 days). The RDS group comprised 72 preterm neonates, 31(43%) female and 41(57%) male; 31(43%) were black, 16(14%) were Whites and 31(43%) non-Whites/non black. Weight ranged from 614g to 2.410g ; mean gestational age was 32 weeks (range, 26-35 weeks). The logistic regression model showed that gestational age was the variable that most contributed to the ocurrence of the respiratory distress syndrome and the AG genotype of the polymorphism A/G at 9306 was a protector factor for the disease in the studied population (OR 0.1681; CI 95% 0.0426 - 0.6629). We did not detect differences between the frequencies of the other evaluated polymorphisms between both groups of newborns. Conclusions: The presence of AG genotype at 9306 of the surfactant protein B (SP-B) gene was a protector factor for the development of the respiratory distress syndrome in newborns from the city of Salvador-Bahia. The polymorphisms A/C at nucleotide - 18, C/T at 1580, and G/C at nucleotide 8714 from the SP-B gene were not associated with respiratory distress syndrome in the studied population.
Silva, Fabia Diniz. „Comparação entre os modos Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist e Ventilação com Pressão de Suporte como ventilação protetora em pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-19062017-104922/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRationale: Protective mechanical ventilation, which consists of the use of tidal volumes equal or less than 6 ml/kg of predicted body weight and plateau pressure below 30 cmH2O, is recommended for patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). But it usually requires controlled ventilation and sedation. Using Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) or Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV), which are partial ventilatory modes, could be an alternative to offer protective ventilation, but in these modes tidal volume (Vt) varies in proportion to patient effort and we don´t know if it is possible to maintain protective ventilation. Objective: To compare Vt, respiratory pattern and patient-ventilator asynchrony in NAVA with PSV in patients with ARDS. Methods: We conducted a randomized crossover clinical trial comparing NAVA and PSV in patients with ARDS admitted to ICUs (NCT01519258). Patients were ventilated with NAVA and PSV for 15 minutes each, in random order. Inspiratory support in NAVA and PSV were titrated prior to randomization to deliver Vt of 4-6mL/Kg, while other respiratory parameters including PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) and FIO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) were kept constant. Flow, Peak airway pressure (Paw) and electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) were captured from the ventilator using Servo Tracker (Maquet, Sweden), and cycles were processed with MatLab (Mathworks, USA), which automatically detected inspiratory efforts and calculated respiratory rate (RR) and Vt. Dectection of asynchrony events was based on analysis of the ventilator curves. We used paired t-test to compare NAVA and PSV, and p values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: 20 patients were included and 14 patients completed the study. Tidal volume was kept within protective levels, 5.8 ± 1.1 in NAVA and 5.6 ± 1.0 in PSV, p = 0.455. There was no difference in the RR (24 ± 7 and 23 ± 7) and EAdi [10.8 (6.3-16.1) and 10.1 (6.7-12.8)] comparing NAVA and PSV, respectively. Paw was higher in NAVA (21 ± 3) than in PSV (19 ± 3), p = 0.001, but remained in protective levels. The partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) was higher in NAVA [88 (69-96)] than in PSV [80 (66-96)], p = 0.045 and PaO2/FIO2 ratio was higher in NAVA [241 (203 -265)] compared to PSV [236 (144-260)], p = 0.050. Trigger delay was more common in PSV [21% (15-51)] than in NAVA [3% (0.3-14)] (p=0.020). Double triggering was observed more frequently in NAVA than in PSV (p=0.105) and ineffective efforts were uncommon and similar in both modes (p=0.371). The median of the Asynchrony Index was 33% (20-66%) in PSV and 13% (5-27%) in NAVA (p = 0.0003). Conclusion: During protective mechanical ventilation, NAVA and PSV presented similar respiratory pattern, while NAVA improved gas exchange and reduced patient-ventilator asynchrony in relation to PSV. In patients with ARDS with inspiratory efforts, NAVA may be an alternative to provide protective mechanical ventilation
Haddad, Luciana Branco. „Avaliação dos efeitos do recrutamento pulmonar, do uso de volume-corrente fixo e do volume de lavagem na instalação do modelo de síndrome do desconforto respiratório do tipo agudo em coelhos“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-12062007-102448/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBackground: Many experimental models were developed for the study of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the lung lavage model is the more frequently used. The original technique was modified by many authors, resulting in difficulties for this experimental model reproducibility. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of the pulmonary recruitment, the use of fixed tidal-volume and different lavage volumes at the experimental ARDS model installation, regarding to the number of lung lavages necessary to obtain the experimental model, the mortality and the hemodynamic stability during the procedure. Methods: New-Zealand-White adult rabbits were divided into 5 study groups, according to the technique used: 1- Fixed tidal-volume (Vt) of 10 ml/kg, lavage volume of 30 ml/kg, no pulmonary recruitment; 2- Fixed inspiratory pressure (IP), lavage volume of 30 ml/kg, no pulmonary recruitment; 3- Fixed Vt, lavage volume of 25 ml/kg, no pulmonary recruitment; 4- Fixed IP, lavage volume of 25 ml/kg, no pulmonary recruitment; 5- Fixed Vt, lavage volume of 30 ml/kg, using pulmonary recruitment. The animals were submitted to repeated lung lavages with warm saline at 5 min interval until the ARDS definition(PaO2/FiO2 <= 100) be reached. Results: There was no differences among the study groups regarding the number of lung lavages necessary to obtain the experimental model. The use of alveolar recruitment before the first lavage and the use of fixed ventilatory pressure with 25 ml/kg lavage volume were associated with trend to a higher mortality rate. Although there were no differences regarding the hemodynamic stability among the study groups, animals ventilated with fixed inspiratory pressure had worse alveolar ventilation with higher levels of PaCO2 and lower pH. Conclusions: The use of alveolar recruitment maneuvers, the use of a fixed tidal-volume or inspiratory pressure between the lung lavages and the utilization of different lavage volumes did not change the number of lung lavages necessary to obtain the experimental model of ARDS or the hemodynamic stability of the animals during the procedure. It was observed a trend to an increased mortality rate with the recruitment maneuver and with the use of a fixed inspiratory pressure associated to the lavage volume of 25 ml/kg.
Rodrigues, Cristiane Delgado Alves 1978. „Efeitos do suporte ventilatorio com pressão controlada e volume controlado na função pulmonar dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardiaca com circulação extra-corporea“. [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308809.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A insuficiência respiratória após a cirurgia cardíaca com utilização da circulação extracorpórea (CEC) é resultante de inúmeros fatores relacionados à Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica (SIRS). Grande número desses pacientes desenvolve Lesão Pulmonar Aguda (LPA) e alguns até Síndrome da Angústia Respiratória no Adulto (SARA). Há inúmeros fatores que podem influenciar direta e/ou indiretamente a lesão pulmonar observada no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com CEC. A própria ventilação mecânica (VM) pode causar lesão pulmonar induzida pela ventilação (LPIV). Discutem-se técnicas e métodos ventilatórios que visam prevenir e corrigir a hipoxemia freqüentemente observada nessa condição. No entanto, ainda não há na literatura consenso sobre qual a melhor modalidade ventilatória a ser empregada. As propostas gerais de suporte ventilatório com baixos volumes, pressão limitada, fluxo decrescente e PEEP (pressão positiva no final de expiração), além de evitar a transfusão desnecessária, devem ser usadas para minimizar a lesão pulmonar em cirurgia cardíaca. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi comparar o efeito das modalidades ventilatórias pressão controlada e volume controlado na função respiratória e reações inflamatórias de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca eletiva com circulação extracorpórea. Participaram deste estudo 22 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea. Onze foram submetidos à ventilação com pressão controlada, fluxo decrescente e PEEP de 5 cmH2O (Ventilador Esprit - PCV/E), 5 pacientes à ventilação com volume controlado, fluxo decrescente e PEEP de 5 cmH2O (Ventilador Esprit - VCV/E) e 6 pacientes à ventilação com volume controlado, fluxo quadrado, sem PEEP (Ventilador Takaoka - VCV/T), usado de rotina no Centro Cirúrgico.Na UTI os pacientes foram ventilados com ventilador Espirit na modalidade de SIMV (pressão ou volume controlado), associado ao suporte pressórico, que foi usado também para desmame nos três grupos. A monitorização respiratória foi feita com aparelho NICO2/Dixtal. As reações inflamatórias foram mensuradas através do lactato e leucócitos. Os parâmetros ventilatórios monitorizados foram: PaO2/FiO2, PaCO2, volume expirado, pressão de pico inspiratória, complacência dinâmica, resistência das vias aéreas, ventilação alveolar, espaço morto e tempo de ventilação mecânica. Todos os pacientes apresentaram lesão pulmonar e o grupo VCV/T apresentou SARA no final da cirurgia. O índice de oxigenação apresentou queda no decorrer do tempo nos três grupos (p=0.002), com pior resultado na admissão do paciente na UTI. A pressão parcial de gás carbônico (PaCO2) não apresentou alterações estatisticamente significantes. O volume corrente expirado (VT EXP) apresentou aumento apenas no grupo PCV/E antes e após a CEC (p=0.0081). A pressão inspiratória das vias aéreas (PIT) aumentou no decorrer do tempo nos três grupos (p=0.0411), sem diferença entre os grupos. A complacência dinâmica (C DIN) apresentou queda no decorrer do tempo nos três grupos (p=0.0063), sem diferença entre os grupos. A resistência de vias aéreas (R VAs) aumentou no decorrer do tempo nos três grupos, apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante apenas no grupo VCV/T (p=0.0012), comparado com demais grupos. O espaço morto fisiológico (VD/VT) e a ventilação alveolar (V ALV) não apresentaram alterações nem entre grupos nem no decorrer do tempo. O lactado aumentou no decorrer do tempo após a CEC nos três grupos (p<0.0001), diminuiu após 48 horas de UTI, mas não retornou aos valores iniciais. Os leucócitos apresentaram aumento dos valores no decorrer do tempo nos três grupos (p<0.0001). Não houve diferença de lactato e leucócitos entre os grupos. Concluise que todos pacientes apresentaram lesão pulmonar aguda e que não houve diferença significante nos parâmetros estudados ente os grupos, exceto piora de resistência e maior lesão pulmonar no final da cirurgia no grupo VCV/T. Os dois marcadores inflamatórios, lactato e leucócitos, aumentaram devido à resposta inflamatória, sem diferença entre os grupos estudados.
Abstract: Postoperative lung injury after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is usually related to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Many patients undergoing this procedure develop acute lung injury (ALI), and some of them acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Many factors can be directly or indirectly related to the postoperative lung dysfunction frequently seen after cardiac surgery with CPB, including ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI). Thus, many different approaches to mechanical ventilation (MV) have been investigated with the aim of prevent and/or treat postoperative lung injury. Low-tidal-volume mechanical ventilation, plateau pressure limitation, decelerating inspiratory flow, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and a restrictive red blood cell transfusion strategy are recommended to reduce the incidence and the severity of ALI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. The main objective of the present study was to compare the effects of pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) versus volume controlled ventilation (VCV) on postoperative pulmonary function and in the incidence of SIRS in patients undergoing scheduled cardiac surgery with CPB. The study population was composed by 22 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB that was mechanically ventilated as following: pressure-controlled ventilation with decelerating inspiratory flow and 5 cmH2O PEEP (Ventilator Esprit - PCV/E; n = 11); volume-controlled ventilation with decelerating inspiratory flow and 5 cmH2O (Ventilator Esprit - VCV/E; n = 5) and volume-controlled ventilation with square-wave inspiratory flow and without PEEP (Ventilator Takaoka - VCV/T; n = 6). This last ventilator is routinely used only in the operating theater. In the intensive care unit (ICU) the patients were ventilated with the ventilator Espirit, by applying SIMV (pressure or volume-controlled) and pressure support ventilation (PSV), that was also used during weaning in all groups. Respiratory monitoring was done with a NICO2 apparatus (Dixtal). Systemic inflammatory response was evaluated by means of serially white blood cells (WBC) counts and serum lactate levels. The following respiratory function variables were serially measured: PaO2/FiO2, PaCO2, expired volume, peak inspiratory pressure, dynamic compliance, airway flow resistance, alveolar ventilation, physiologic dead space ventilation and time on mechanical ventilation. All patients have shown postoperative pulmonary dysfunction and in the group VCV/T a degree of lung injury compatible with ARDS definition was recorded at the end of surgical procedure. PaO2/FiO2 has shown a significant decrease during time course in all three groups (p=0.002), with a nadir at ICU admission. PaCO2 didn't show significant alterations. Expired volume has shown increase only in PCV/E group, by comparing pre- and post-CPB moments (p=0.0081). Peak airway inspiratory pressure has increased during time course in all three groups (p=0.0411), without significant differences between them. Dynamic compliance (C DIN) has shown a decrease during time course in all three groups (p=0.0063), without significant differences between them. Airway flow resistance has increased during time course in all three groups, with statistically significant difference by comparing VCV/T group with the other two (p=0.0012). Physiologic dead space ventilation (VD/VT) and alveolar ventilation (V ALV) have not shown significant alterations during time course or between groups. Serum lactate levels have increased during time course just after CPB in all three groups (p<0.0001), decreasing 48 hours after the surgical procedure, but not returning to preoperative levels. WBC counts have shown a significant time course increase in all three groups (p<0.0001). However, no significant differences in serum lactate levels serum and WBC counts were seen between groups. It was concluded that all patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB have shown some degree of acute pulmonary dysfunction and this complication was not apparently directly related to the mechanical ventilation modality, except by an increase in airway flow resistance and a slight high degree of acute lung injury in the VCV/T group at the end of surgical procedure. Additionally, both systemic inflammatory markers, serum lactate levels and white blood cells counts, have increased during time course in all groups, without significant differences between them.
Mestrado
Pesquisa Experimental
Mestre em Cirurgia
Calcina, Isique Juan Fernando. „Anticuerpos contra el virus del síndrome reproductivo y respiratorio porcino y la frecuencia de problemas respiratorios en porcinos de una granja tecnificada en etapas de recría y acabado“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4238.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is a great important economic disease characterized by respiratory problems in pigs. The aim of this study was detect antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) and associated them by respiratory problems in a batch from tech pig farm in Lima. Serum samples were collected from 30 pigs in a batch of 200 pigs in three consecutive stages at 32, 61 and 136 days old to determine antibody against PRRSV by indirect ELISA test. The Batch studied was daily followed to find respiratory problems. 26.7% (8/30) of samples had antibody anti PRRSV at 32 days old with samples-on-positive coefficient (M/P) among 0.4 to 1.6, at 61 day old only one pig had PRRSV antibodies while the 96.7% (29/30) had antibody against PRRSV at 136 days old. There were no observed respiratory problems in situ in the batch studied in the whole period of observation. The age of animals and anti PRRSV antibodies was associated (P ≤ 0.05). Keywords: PRRSV, ELISA, respiratory problems, pig tech farm.
Tesis
Nascimento, Éllen Caroline Toledo do. „Progressão microestrutural e molecular da lesão pulmonar em um modelo de Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-22012014-151019/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroduction: The pattern of lesion distribution in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been addressed in computed tomography studies. However, there is little information concerning the progression and distribution of histological lung injury in ARDS. Objectives: To characterize the histological progression and distribution of lung injury in a pig ARDS model by the quantification of structural, inflammatory and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling parameters and to correlate them with functional and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) variables . Methods: Twenty-three healthy female Landrace pigs were divided into three groups: 1) Sham (n=5): animals subjected to preparation and monitoring; 2) Injury (n=9): animals subjected to the injury protocol and euthanized after 3 hours. 3) Injury+MV (n=9): animals subjected to the injury protocol and euthanized after 40 hours of ARDSnet mechanical ventilation. Histological parameters measured by image analysis included: alveolar area, septal thickening index, neutrophils density, hyaline membrane, hemorrhage, alveolar edema and collagen fibers content. The parameters values were normalized by Sham group median values. Gene expression of ECM proteins (collagen type I and type III, versican, biglycan and decorin) was quantified by Real Time-PCR. Regional ventilation was measured by EIT. For each variable the anterior and posterior regions of the lung were analyzed. Results: Density neutrophil was lesser in the Injury+MV group (p=0.02). Alveolar area in the posterior regions of the Injury+MV group was lesser than the anterior regions (p=0.012). However, the septal thickening was higher in Injury+MV group, especially in the anterior regions, when compared to the Injury group (p <= 0.01). In consonance with such findings, the hyaline membrane and alveolar edema index in the anterior region was higher than the posterior region in both groups (p < 0.03) and the expression of collagen type I was significantly higher in the anterior region compared to the posterior region in lungs of Injury+MV (p=0.001). The EIT showed that the non-dependent regions (anterior) received more ventilator influx than the dependent regions (p<0.001) in the Injury group. In these animals, the regional ventilation was correlated to neutrophil density (r=0.48; p=0,04), hemorrhage index (r=0.74; p=0.001) and hyaline membrane index (r=0.56; p=0.016). In Injury+MV group, the regional ventilation was correlated to collagen type I (r=0.494; p=0.05), collagen type III (r=0.656; p=0.006) and versican (r=0.732; p=0.001) expressions. Conclusion: This study shows the histopathological progression and the regional presentation of the pulmonary lesion in the ARDS pig model. In our model, the support with protective ventilation was efficient to reduce parenchymal inflammation, but did not inhibit the injury progression and signaling to the fibroproliferative process. Animals ventilated for 40 hours, the anterior regions underwent a progressive reduction in the alveolar lumen associated with alveolar walls thickening and hyaline membrane deposition. The injury progressed with diffuse activation of tissue repair pathway, but with the predominance of collagen type I expression in anterior regions. However, in our study, the deposition of collagen rich matrix is a later event
Caltabeloti, Fabiola Prior. „Efeitos respiratórios e hemodinâmicos da prova de volume em pacientes com choque e síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo: um estudo observacional utilizando o ultrassom pulmonar“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-25112014-120038/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroduction: The study was designed to assess the impact of fluid loading on lung aeration, oxygenation and hemodynamics in patients with septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: During a 1-year period, a prospective observational study was performed in 32 patients with septic shock and ARDS. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured using Swan Ganz (n=29) or PiCCO catheters (n=3). Lung aeration and regional pulmonary blood flows were measured using bedside transthoracic ultrasound. Measurements were performed before (T0), at the end of volume expansion (T1) and 40 minutes later (T2), consisting of 1-L of saline over 30 minutes during the first 48h following onset of septic shock and ARDS. Results: Lung ultrasound score increased by 23 % at T2, from 13 at baseline to 16 (p < 0.001). Cardiac index and cardiac filling pressures increased significantly at T1 (p < 0.001) and returned to control values at T2. The increase in lung ultrasound score was statistically correlated with fluid loading-induced increase in cardiac index and was not associated with increase in pulmonary shunt or regional pulmonary blood flow. At T1, PaO2/FiO2 significantly increased (p < 0.005) from 144 (123 to 198) to 165 (128 to 226) and returned to control values at T2 whereas lung ultrasound score continued to increase. Conclusions: Early fluid loading transitorily improves hemodynamics and oxygenation and worsens lung aeration. Aeration changes can be detected at the bedside by transthoracic lung ultrasound which may serve as a safeguard against excessive fluid loading
Gomes, Susimeire. „Validação de um modelo suíno da síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA) grave e persistente“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-26022015-092805/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) has high mortality in the ICU. Its main features comprise the disruption of the alveolo-capillary membrane with permeability alterations, release of inflammatory agents, and physiological dysfunctions like surfactant function degradation, loss of compliance and reduced PaO2 levels demanding ventilatory support. Several experimental models were developed in an attempt to simulate the same characteristics of ARDS in patients, but could not reproduce the complex, florid characteristics or the persistent damage for long periods. This study aimed to validate a new ARDS model in our laboratory, submited to an stabilization/observation period of 40 hours period of protective mechanical ventilation (according to the protective ARDSnet strategy), during which we tested the persistence of the main physiopathological characteristics of ARDS. We conducted the study in pigs divided into 3 groups : SHAM (not injured), INJURY (total lung lavage and injurious mechanical ventilation for 3hs) and MVP40 (injury protective mechanical ventilation for aditional 40hs-ARDSNET strategy). Respiratory-system compliance and PaO2 significantly decreased after injury, with a persistent drop till the end of 40hs. The levels of IL1, IL6 and IL8 cytokines presented a significant increase immediately after injury, with persistent levels of IL1 and IL8 after 40hs. Polymorphonuclear cells in the BAL were also increased after injury, with persistent levels after 40 hours. Gross alterations in the alveolo-capillary permeability were demonstrated by increased levels of proteins in the bronchoalveolar lavage, increased extravascular lung water and an increased wet/dry lung-weight ratio that remained elevated after 40hs of protective strategy. Histological injury was confirmed by visualization of hyaline membranes, frequent alveolar hemorrhage, alveolar edema and massive inflammatory infiltration. Conclusion: The proposed model reproduced the clinical and phisiopathological alterations found in patients with ARDS. The alterations persisted for at least 40hs of protective ventilation strategy. Thus, this model can be used for long term studies of ARDS and protective ventilation strategies
Lozano, Orihuela Edith. „Correlación de las escalas de dificultad respiratoria argentina y chilena con la saturación de oxígeno en menores de 2 años con síndrome obstructivo bronquial atendidos en Sala de Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión enero - diciembre 2012“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9905.
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Compara la escala de dificultad respiratoria usada en Argentina (EDRAR) y la utilizada en Chile (EDRCH) y determina la correlación con la saturación de oxigeno. Se incluyen 300 pacientes menores de 24 meses con SBO, registrando SaO2 y los componentes de la EDRAR y de la EDRCH (taquipnea, taquicardia, tiraje, sibilancias, cianosis). Se evalúa la capacidad de los componentes de ambas escalas para predecir hipoxemia (SaO2 ≤95 y SaO2 ≤91) por regresión logística. Se estima correlación entre cada escala y SaO2. Se determina el mejor punto de las escalas para predecir hipoxemia por medio de curvas ROC. Se validan ambas escalas calculando sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos y razones de verosimilitud. La EDRAR muestra aceptable correlación con SaO2 (Spearman -0,465; P < 0,001). En la regresión logística, sólo el tiraje es predictor independiente de hipoxemia, definida por diferentes niveles de SaO2 (≤95 y ≤91) (RR: 8,2, IC 95%: 1,78 – 56,4 p: < 0,001 y RR: 17,3 IC 95%: 1,88 – 147,3 p < 0,001 respectivamente). En SaO2 ≤ 91 la EDRAR muestra la mejor capacidad diagnóstica (auc=0,914). Un puntaje 5 es el mejor punto para predecir hipoxemia (Sensibilidad=100%). También se evalúa el desempeño de la EDRCH, demostrando un rendimiento ligeramente inferior a la EDRAR. Concluye que la EDRAR es suficientemente sensible para predecir hipoxemia (SaO2 ≤91) en un puntaje 5, pero no muestra especificidad que permita una correcta discriminación por encima de este punto. La EDRCH presenta un desempeño similar. Estas escalas de dificultad respiratoria sólo permiten identificar niños que no se beneficiarían con el uso de O2.
Trabajo académico
Matos, Gustavo Faissol Janot de. „Efeitos da manobra de recrutamento alveolar nas fases inspiratória e expiratória na tomografia computadorizada de tórax em pacientes com lesão pulmonar aguda ou síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-02062008-101054/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of Maximal Recruitment Strategy (MRS) guided by thoracic CT scan is to minimize alveolar collapse and the mechanisms of ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). The objectives of this study were to compare by quantitative analyzes of CT scan image of the lungs obtained during MRS of patients with ARDS, the following parameters: collapse, overdistension, Tidal Recruitment (TR), Tidal Stretch (TS) and the gas distribution throughout the lungs. Methods - Twelve patients were transported to the CT room and sequences of CT scan at expiratory and inspiratory pauses were performed during MRS. MRS consisted of 2 min steps of tidal ventilation with fixed deltaPCV=15 cmH2O and progressive increments in PEEP levels (recruitment 10 - 45 cmH2O) and PEEP titration (25 - 10 cmH2O). RR=10 - 15 bpm, I:E ratio 1:1, and FiO2 1.0. The lungs were divided in 4 regions according to the sternum-vertebral axis (1 anterior and 4 posterior). Results - The mean age of the studied population was 46 ± 20,5 y.o., and 92% of the patients ad primary ARDS. In order to sustain recruitment obtained by MRS, mean PEEP levels of 23,7 ± 2,3 cmH2O were necessary and PaO2/FiO2 ratio increased from 131,6 ± 37,6 to 335,9±58,7 (p<0,01) after MRS and PEEP titration. Global collapse decreased from 54 ± 8% (P10pre) to 4,8 ± 6% (P45) (p<0,01), and was sustained at similar levels at P25post 6,7 ± 6% (p=1,0). Global TR also decreased from P10pre (4 ± 4%) to P45 (1 ± 1%) (p=0,029), and was sustained with the same levels at P25post (p=1,0). Regarding overdistension there was statistically significant increment from P10pre to P45 (p=0,032), although in absolute terms the increment was very low < 5%, and P25pre and P25post were identical (p=1,0). There was no increment of Tidal Hyperinflation from P10pre to P45 (p=0,95). TS also decrease during MRS and was maintained at low levels similar to P45 at titrated PEEP (P25post). At P10pre almost 80% of the air at FRC was located at anterior regions. During MRS the distribution of air was directed towards the posterior regions and at P25post was almost 40% (p<0,01). Discussion - The tomographic analysis revealed that during MRS there was a significantly reduction of pulmonary collapse, Tidal Recruitment and Tidal Stretch, without increasing significantly overdistension. High levels of PEEP were necessary to sustain recruitment obtained during MRS and homogeneous gas distribution throughout the lung parenchyma. When PEEP was increased from P10pre to P20pre there was an increment in TR and TS, without a significantly reduction in absolute mass of collapsed lung, suggesting that it may exacerbate the mechanisms of VILI. MRS does not promote relevant overdistention when balanced by its effects on reduction of the mechanisms of VILI. Conclusions - MRS and PEEP titration guided by CT scan decreased significantly lung collapse, Tidal Recruitment and Tidal Stretch, without increasing significantly overdistension. MRS also promoted a homogeneous gas distribution throughout the lung parenchyma.
Caser, Eliana Bernadete. „Estudo da incidência de lesão pulmonar aguda e síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo nas unidades de terapia intensiva da região da Grande Vitória no Espírito Santo“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-28052013-114241/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleINTRODUCTION: There are many controversies in the existing epidemiological studies regarding the incidence and outcomes in acute lung injury. The incidence and clinical features of the syndrome mainly depend on the definition adopted and on the methodology employed in the study, as well as on the availability and use of beds in intensive therapy units in the regions studied. Due to the absence of existing epidemiological data concerning acute lung injury in Vitória, Espírito Santo, we conducted this study to analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics, survival rate at 28 days, and mortality rate. METHODS: The patients hospitalized in the 14 units of intensive therapy in the region of Grande Vitória for the period of 15 months submitted to mechanical ventilation, who fulfilled the criteria of acute lung injury as defined by the Conference of European-American Consensus of 1994, were prospectively selected for the study. These patients were also classified according to the new Berlin definition. We evaluated the clinical and functional characteristics on the first day of hospitalization, during the first week, on day 14 and on day 28 of clinical evolution. We calculated the cumulative incidence/year for the syndrome, the survival rate at 28 days, and hospital mortality. RESULTS: A total of 7,133 patients admitted to the intensive care units was evaluated, of whom 130 (1.8%) were selected. The median time to diagnosis of acute lung injury was 2 days (IQR: 0-3 days), 25.4% of diagnoses being made at admission to the intensive care unit. The risk factors were mainly pneumonia (35.3%), nonpulmonary sepsis (31.5%) and trauma (16.9%). The patients\' mean age was 44.2 ± 15.9 years, 61.5% being male. The APACHE II prognostic score averaged 20.7 ± 7.9, mean arterial oxygenation variable PaO2/FiO2 206 ± 61.6 and time on mechanical ventilation with a mean of 21 ± 15 days. The average length of stay in intensive care unit was 26.4 ± 18.7 days. Based on the new Berlin definition, patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome were classified as mild: 49 (37.7%); moderate: 68 (52.3%); and severe: 13 (10%). The cumulative incidence was 10.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants /year for ALI, of which 3.8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants / year were for non-ARDS ALI and 6.3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants / year were for ARDS, representing 1.7% of admissions in the year. The variable arterial oxygenation on days 6 and 7 of evolution after the diagnosis of the syndrome was an independent factor for mortality at 28 days, which was 38.5% (95% CI, 30.1 to 46.8). In-hospital mortality was 49.2% (95% CI, 40.6 to 57.8), and did not differ between patients with ALI non-ARDS and acute respiratory distress syndrome Summary (ARDS). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of acute lung injury in patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in the region of Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo was low, most of them being diagnosed 2 days after admission to intensive care units. Mortality at 28 days and hospital mortality of patients with ALI non-ARDS were not statistically different in this study. Changes in care practices in intensive therapy units can contribute to reduce the incidence of in-hospital ARDS
Oliveira, Nicole Cristine Rigonato de. „Avaliação do papel da IL-10 nos efeitos anti-inflamatórios do exercício aeróbio na síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo experimental“. Universidade Nove de Julho, 2014. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1344.
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The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a disease characterized by respiratory failure due to an inflammatory response, which has high morbidity and mortality. Several cytokines seem to orchestrate the acute and chronic processes, mainly mediated by toll like receptors (TLRs). The literature demonstrates that aerobic exercise (AE) is capable of decreasing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs mediated increased release of interleukin 10 (IL-10), and AE modulate expression of TLRs and antioxidant enzymes. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the anti-inflammatory effects of AE in an experimental model of intra and extrapulmonary ARDS are mediated by IL-10. For this, the animals were subjected to physical training on a treadmill, moderate for 4 weeks. 24 hours after the last physical test, animals received LPS by intratracheally (it) (10ug / animal) or intraperitoneally (ip) (100ug / animal). After 24 hours, the animals were assessed for the number of cells and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and serum were the number of neutrophils in the lung parenchyma and expression of TLR4, TLR7, SOD, ânion and QL in lung homogenates. AE reduced accumulation of neutrophils in the lung parenchyma, so it LPS and LPS ip (p <0.01) and BAL (p <0.01). AE attenuate the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in BAL and serum (p <0.05), as measured by ELISA. AE had levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased in the serum and BAL (p <0.05). AE also reduced the expression of TLR4 in lung homogenates (p <0.05) and increased the expression of TLR7 in group LPS + AE evaluated by western blotting (p <0.05). The results for the antioxidant enzyme SOD showed a significant increase in the groups submitted to AE. It follows that the impact of reduced LPS-induced ARDS, regardless of etiology, and these effects appear to be mediated by modulation of the AE secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-10, modulating TLR4 and TLR7 and increased expression of SOD (p <0.05).
A síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA) é uma doença caracterizada pela insuficiência respiratória decorrente a uma resposta inflamatória, que apresenta alta morbi-mortalidade. Diversas citocinas parecem orquestrar os processos agudo e crônico, mediados principalmente por receptores toll like (TLRs). A literatura demonstra que o exercício aeróbio (EA) é capaz de diminuir a secreção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias nos pulmões, mediado pelo aumento da liberação de interleucina 10 (IL-10), além de o EA modular a expressão de TLRs e enzimas antioxidantes. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar se os efeitos anti-inflamatórios do EA em modelo experimental da SDRA intra e extrapulmonar são mediados por IL-10. Para isso, os animais foram submetidos ao treinamento físico em esteira, de intensidade moderada, durante 4 semanas. Após 24 horas ao último teste físico, os animais receberam LPS por via intra-traqueal (it) (10ug/animal) ou por via intra-peritoneal (ip) (100ug/animal). Após 24 horas, os animais foram avaliados para o número de células e de citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias no fluído do lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) e no soro, número de neutrófilos no parênquima pulmonar e expressão do TLR4, TLR7, SOD, ânion e QL nos homogenatos de pulmão. EA reduziu a acumulação de neutrófilos no parênquima pulmonar, tanto LPS it e LPS ip (p <0,01) e no LBA (p <0,01). EA atenuou os níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias no LBA e soro (p <0,05), avaliada por ELISA. EA teve os níveis da citocina anti-inflamatória IL-10 aumentados no soro e LBA (p <0,05). EA também reduziu a expressão de TLR4 nos homogenatos de pulmão (p <0,05) e aumentou a expressão de TLR7 no grupo de LPS + EA avaliada por western blotting (p <0,05). Os resultados para a enzima antioxidante SOD apresentou aumento significante nos grupos submetidos ao EA. Conclui-se que EA reduziu o impacto de SDRA induzida por LPS, independente da etiologia e tais efeitos parecem estar mediados pela modulação do EA na secreção de citocinas anti-inflamatórias, principalmente da IL-10, na modulação de TLR4 e TLR7 e no aumento da expressão de SOD (p<0,05).