Thematische Bibliographien / Simulated body liquid

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Simulated body liquid“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 8. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Simulated body liquid"

Xu, Huan, Zhi Qiang Li, He Dong, Ya Chao Di und Yang Yang Tang. „Numerical Investigation of the Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow around the Square-Section Cylinder Using a Multi-Scale Turbulence Model“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (Oktober 2013): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.437.

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The upward gas-liquid cross flow around a square cylinder was simulated using two fluid model with the multi-scale turbulent model based on the variable interval time average method. The computational results show that the multi-scale turbulent model can successfully simulate lift coefficient, drag coefficient and vortex shedding characteristics of flow around a body, and can also accurately predict the void fraction distribution and flow structure. Compared with the experimental data, the results of the multi-scale model are better than that of Standard k-ε model and RNG k-ε model. Hence, the study of this paper certificates further that this model can be used in the simulation of the gas-liquid flow around bluff bodies and outher engineering application.

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Yan, Y. Y., Y. Q. Zu, L. Q. Ren und J. Q. Li. „Numerical modelling of electro-osmotically driven flow within the microthin liquid layer near an earthworm surface - a biomimetic approach“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, Nr. 10 (30.09.2007): 1201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes518.

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The electro-osmotic flow near an earthworm body surface is a basic electrokinetic phenomenon that takes place when the earthworm moves in moist soil. The flow within a microthin liquid layer near earthworm's body surface is induced by the electric double layer (EDL) interaction. Such a microscale electro-osmotic flow plays a role of lubrication between the earthworm's body surface and the surrounding medium of moist soil and reduces surface adhesion. In the current paper, the electro-osmotic flow near earthworm surface is numerically simulated to further understand the mechanism of antisoil adhesion. A lattice Poisson method is first employed to solve electric potential and charge distributions in the EDL along an earthworm surface; the external electric field is then obtained by solving the Laplace equation. The motion of electro-osmotic flow controlled by Navier-Stokes equations is simulated by the lattice Boltzmann method. Typically, the simulation of electro-osmotic flow shows that moving vortices, which likely contribute to antisoil adhesion, can be formed near the earthworm body surface by the non-uniform and variational electrical force.

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Keil, Claudia, Christopher Hübner, Constanze Richter, Sandy Lier, Lars Barthel, Vera Meyer, Raman Subrahmanyam, Pavel Gurikov, Irina Smirnova und Hajo Haase. „Ca-Zn-Ag Alginate Aerogels for Wound Healing Applications: Swelling Behavior in Simulated Human Body Fluids and Effect on Macrophages“. Polymers 12, Nr. 11 (18.11.2020): 2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112741.

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Chronic non-healing wounds represent a substantial economic burden to healthcare systems and cause a considerable reduction in quality of life for those affected. Approximately 0.5–2% of the population in developed countries are projected to experience a chronic wound in their lifetime, necessitating further developments in the area of wound care materials. The use of aerogels for wound healing applications has increased due to their high exudate absorbency and ability to incorporate therapeutic substances, amongst them trace metals, to promote wound-healing. This study evaluates the swelling behavior of Ca-Zn-Ag-loaded alginate aerogels and their metal release upon incubation in human sweat or wound fluid substitutes. All aerogels show excellent liquid uptake from any of the formulas and high liquid holding capacities. Calcium is only marginally released into the swelling solvents, thus remaining as alginate bridging component aiding the absorption and fast transfer of liquids into the aerogel network. The zinc transfer quota is similar to those observed for common wound dressings in human and animal injury models. With respect to the immune regulatory function of zinc, cell culture studies show a high availability and anti-inflammatory activity of aerogel released Zn-species in RAW 264.7 macrophages. For silver, the balance between antibacterial effectiveness versus cytotoxicity remains a significant challenge for which the alginate aerogels need to be improved in the future. An increased knowledge of the transformations that alginate aerogels undergo in the course of the fabrication as well as during wound fluid exposure is necessary when aiming to create advanced, tissue-compatible aerogel products.

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Shahlori, R., G. I. N. Waterhouse, T. A. Darwish, A. R. J. Nelson und D. J. McGillivray. „Counting crystal clusters – a neutron reflectometry study of calcium phosphate nano-cluster adsorption at the air–liquid Interface“. CrystEngComm 19, Nr. 38 (2017): 5716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ce01303e.

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Kupershtokh, A. L., E. V. Ermanyuk und N. V. Gavrilov. „The Rupture of Thin Liquid Films Placed on Solid and Liquid Substrates in Gravity Body Forces“. Communications in Computational Physics 17, Nr. 5 (Mai 2015): 1301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.2014.m340.

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AbstractThis paper presents a numerical and experimental study on hydrodynamic behavior of thin liquid films in rectangular domains. Three-dimensional computer simulations were performed using the lattice Boltzmann equation method (LBM). The liquid films laying on solid and liquid substrates are considered. The rupture of liquid films in computations is initiated via the thermocapillary (Marangoni) effect by applying an initial spatially localized temperature perturbation. The rupture scenario is found to depend on the shape of the temperature distribution and on the wettability of the solid substrate. For a wettable solid substrate, complete rupture does not occur: a residual thin liquid film remains at the substrate in the region of pseudo-rupture. For a non-wettable solid substrate, a sharp-peaked axisymmetric temperature distribution induces the rupture at the center of symmetry where the temperature is maximal. Axisymmetric temperature distribution with a flat-peaked temperature profile initiates rupture of the liquid film along a circle at some distance from the center of symmetry. The outer boundary of the rupture expands, while the inner liquid disk transforms into a toroidal figure and ultimately into an oscillating droplet.We also apply the LBM to simulations of an evolution of one or two holes in liquid films for two-layer systems of immiscible fluids in a rectangular cell. The computed patterns are successfully compared against the results of experimental visualizations. Both the experiments and the simulations demonstrate that the initially circular holes evolved in the rectangular cell undergoing drastic changes of their shape under the effects of the surface tension and gravity. In the case of two interacting holes, the disruption of the liquid bridge separating two holes is experimentally observed and numerically simulated.

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Zhang, Y. F., B. Hinton, G. Wallace, X. Liu und M. Forsyth. „On corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloy AZ31 in simulated body fluids and influence of ionic liquid pretreatments“. Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 47, Nr. 5 (August 2012): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743278212y.0000000032.

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Osmanlliu, MDCM, FRCPC, Esli, Ilana Bank, MDCM, FRCPC, FAAP, Elene Khalil, MDCM, FRCPC, FAAP, Peter Nugus, PhD, Margaret Ruddy, RN, BSc Nursing, MMgmt und Meredith Young, PhD. „Decontamination effectiveness and the necessity of innovation in a large-scale disaster simulation“. American Journal of Disaster Medicine 16, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2021.0388.

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Background: Chemical, biological, radiologic, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) events threaten the health and integrity of human populations across the globe. Effective decontamination is a central component of CBRNE disaster response.Objective: This paper provides an objective determination of wet decontamination effectiveness through the use of a liquid-based contaminant proxy and describes the mobilization and adaptation of easily available materials for the needs of decontamination in pediatric victims.Methods: In this in-situ disaster simulation conducted at a pediatric hospital, decontamination effectiveness was determined through a liquid-based contaminant proxy, and standard burn charts to systematically estimate affected total body surface area (TBSA) in 39 adult simulated patients. Two independent raters evaluated TBSA covered by the contaminant before and after decontamination.Results: On average, simulated patients had 59 percent (95 percent CI [53, 65]) of their TBSA covered by the simulated contaminant prior to decontamination. Following a wet decontamination protocol, the average reduction in TBSA contamination was 81 percent (95 percent CI [74, 88]). There was high inter-rater reliability for TBSA assessment (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.83, 95 percent CI [0.68, 0.92]. A modified infant bath was tested during the simulated decontamination of infant mannequins and thereafter integrated to the local protocol.Conclusion: Wet decontamination can remove more than 80 percent of the initial contaminant found on adult simulated patients. The use of a liquid-based visual tool as a contaminant proxy enables the inexpensive evaluation of decontamination performance in a simulated setting. This paper also describes an innovative, low-cost adaptation of a local decontamination protocol to better meet pediatric needs.

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Badr, Ahmed Noah, Karolina Gromadzka, Mohamed Gamal Shehata, Kinga Stuper-Szablewska, Kinga Drzewiecka und Adel Gabr Abdel-Razek. „Prospective antimycotoxigenic action of wild Opuntia ficus-indica by-products“. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 38, No. 5 (30.10.2020): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11/2020-cjfs.

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Numerous natural compounds perform pharmaceutical, antimycotic and antitoxic purposes in the body system. The aim was to evaluate new phytoconstituents that provide antimycotoxigenic properties against mycotoxins. Bioactive materials chosen were fruit peels and cladodes of wild Opuntia ficus-indica containing a measurable quantity of bioactive phytochemicals. The highest concentration of bioactive metabolites was recorded for protocatechuic and t-cinnamic acids. A reduction effect of bioactives was estimated against aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in a simulated body system. Antifungal activity was determined in liquid media to evaluate antimycotic properties. Lyophilised extracts caused an aflatoxin reduction in media by 14.65% to 23.77% for fruit peels and cladodes, respectively. It caused a decrease of 59% zearalenone and 51% of ochratoxin A in a in a simulated body fluid. The cladode extract manifested better antimycotic and antimycotoxigenic characteristics due to its bioactive contents. These results support a modern antimycotoxin trend of food preservation that has a considerable impact on food safety.

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Franco, C. M. R., A. G. Barbosa de Lima, J. V. Silva und A. G. Nunes. „Applying Liquid Diffusion Model for Continuous Drying of Rough Rice in Fixed Bed“. Defect and Diffusion Forum 369 (Juli 2016): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.369.152.

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Simulate the rice drying process at specific drying conditions is of great interest to optimize the process and ensure a better quality of the final product. In the present work, experimental drying procedures of rough rice grains (BRSMG CONAI variety) was reported and drying kinetic was obtained at temperature using 40°C. The results were compared with simulated data by means of the liquid diffusion model equilibrium boundary condition. The geometry used to represent the rice grain was prolate spheroid. For this purpose, the diffusion equation, written in cylindrical coordinates, and solved via Galerkin-based integral method considering the constant diffusion coefficient. A good agreement was observed between predicted and experimental data. It was also possible to observe that the highest moisture gradients occur at the tip of the grain, which is region more affected by thermal and hydric stresses. The studied model can be used to solve problems involving diffusion processes, such as: drying, wetting, heating and cooling, provided that the geometrical shape of the body is similar to prolate spheroid.

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Nguyen, Van Thuan, und Chang Won Jung. „Impact of Dielectric Constant on Embedded Antenna Efficiency“. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/758139.

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The impact of dielectric constant on radiation efficiency of embedded antenna located inside human body or another liquid environment is investigated both analytically and numerically. Our research is analysed and simulated at 403 MHz in the MedRadio band (401–406 MHz) and within a block of 2/3 human muscle phantom. Good agreement is achieved between analysis and simulation results. This work provides a guidance in selecting insulator for embedded antennas.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Simulated body liquid"

Hrabovský, Jan. „Biodegradabilní kostní implantáty na bázi železa“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442443.

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This work deals with a current topic, which are biodegradable bone implants. These implants seem to be a suitable candidate for temporary fixations, with their gradual decomposition. An important parameter is not only the mechanical properties so that the material can withstand the load, but above all the corrosion properties and the degradation process. This work introduces the physiology of bone, trace elements and also describes current trends in the field of implants. The last part is a theoretical introduction to cross-stage processes. The practical part is focused on the preparation of iron-based samples with various dopants, subsequent annealing and analysis.

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Liu, Jiayang. „Electrochemical behaviors of micro-arc oxidation coated magnesium alloy“. Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5966.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
In recent years, magnesium alloys, due to their high strength and biocompatibility, have attracted significant interest in medical applications, such as cardiovascular stents, orthopedic implants, and devices. To overcome the high corrosion rate of magnesium alloys, coatings have been developed on the alloy surface. Most coating methods, such as anodic oxidation, polymer coating and chemical conversion coating, cannot produce satisfactory coating to be used in human body environment. Recent studies demonstrate that micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique can produce hard, dense, wear-resistant and well-adherent oxide coatings for light metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium. Though there are many previous studies, the understanding of processing conditions on coating performance remains elusive. Moreover, previous tests were done in simulated body fluid. No test has been done in a cell culture medium, which is much closer to human body environment than simulated body fluid. In this study, the effect of MAO processing time (1 minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 minutes) on the electrochemical behaviors of the coating in both conventional simulated body fluid and a cell culture medium has been investigated. Additionally a new electrolyte (12 g/L Na2SiO3, 4 g/L NaF and 4 ml/L C3H8O3) has been used in the MAO coating process. Electrochemical behaviors were measured by performing potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. In addition to the tests in simulated body fluid, the MAO-coated and uncoated samples were immersed in a cell culture medium to investigate the corrosion behaviors and compare the difference in these two kinds of media. The results show that in the immersion tests in conventional simulated body fluid, the 20-minute MAO coated sample has the best resistance to corrosion due to the largest coating thickness. In contrast, in the cell culture medium, all MAO coated samples demonstrate a similar high corrosion resistance behavior, independent of MAO processing time. This is probably due to the organic passive layers formed on the coating surfaces. Additionally, a preliminary finite element model has been developed to simulate the immersion test of magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid. Comparison between the predicted corrosion current density and experimental data is discussed.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Simulated body liquid"

Yamada, Toru, Yutaka Asako, Mohammad Faghri und Bengt Sundén. „Effect of the Surface Tension of Liquid-Solid Interface on Liquid Flow in Parallel-Plate Sub-Micron Channels Using Multi-Body Dissipative Particle Dynamics“. In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2013-73054.

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The liquid flow in sub-micron channels is simulated using multi-body dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD) to study the effect of the surface tension between liquid and wall surface on the flow in sub-micon scale. The solution domain is considered to be two-dimensional, where DPD particles are randomly distributed. Periodic boundary condition is employed in the flow direction and the solid walls are created by distributing DPD particles in the additional layers on the top and bottom of the domain. The different surface tensions between liquid and wall surface are obtained by changing the interaction parameters between the liquid and wall DPD particles. The ratio of Capillary number (Ca) to Reynolds number (Re) is used to relate the DPD units to the physical units. The results are shown in the form of slip length and the effect of the surface tension on the liquid flow in sub-micron channels is discussed.

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Passandideh Fard, Mohammad, Mohammad Reza Mahpeykar, Sajad Pooyan und Mortaza Rahimzadeh. „Numerical Simulation of Electrostatic Atomization in Spindle Mode“. In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30734.

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The behavior of a liquid jet in an electrostatic field is numerically simulated. The simulations performed correspond to a transient liquid jet leaving a capillary tube maintained at a high electric potential. The surface profile of the deforming jet is defined using the VOF scheme and the advection of the liquid free surface is performed using Youngs’ algorithm. Surface tension force is treated as a body force acting on the free surface using continuum surface force (CSF) method. To calculate the effect of the electric field on the shape of the free surface, the electrostatic potential is solved first. Next, the surface density of the electric charge and the electric field intensity are computed, and then the electric force is calculated. Liquid is assumed to be a perfect conductor, thus the electric force only acts on the liquid free surface and is treated similar to surface tension using the CSF method. To verify the simulation results, a simplified case of electrowetting phenomenon is simulated and free surface shape in stable state is compared with experimental results. Then the electrostatic atomization in spindle mode is simulated and the ability of the developed code to simulate this process is demonstrated.

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Khalili, Fardin, Federico De Paoli und Rasim Guldiken. „Impact Resistance of Liquid Body Armor Utilizing Shear Thickening Fluids: A Computational Study“. In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53376.

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Since the creation of advanced knives and firearms with high rates of speed, safety has always been a vital issue for armed forces. A disadvantage of a regular fabric Kevlar is that, although it has an effective resistance against the impact of low-speed bullets, it reveals its weakness in the case of a stab wound and high-speed bullets. Under these circumstances, a new executable technology of fibers that improves the ballistic performance of the materials utilized in body armors is an essential necessity to build high quality and protective vests which are perfectly bulletproof. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physics and concepts of shear thickening fluids and perform a computational CFD simulation of liquid body armors which consist of a combination of polyethylene glycol liquid and nanoparticles of silica. A model of multiphase flow environment with STFKevlar, as a representative of the non-Newtonian shear thickening fluid (STF), is simulated in STAR-CCM+ in order to analyze the behavior of STFs under impact and performance of novel liquid body armors. In the current simulation, Eulerian multiphase flow and volume of fluid (VOF) are applied to generate three discrete regions and determine the volume fraction of each phase including gas, non-Newtonian liquid and solid which represent air, STFKevlar and bullet, respectively. Moreover, dynamic fluid body interactions (DFBI) and overset mesh are utilized to consider the interactions between the regions and forces applied. In this study, the properties of the bullet are based on characteristics of a regular pistol bullet, and it approaches the STFKevlar with the constant speed of 400 m/s. The results show that the non-Newtonian material is initially at equilibrium state and while the bullet approaches the STFKevlar, it acts like a shear thinning fluid. As a high-speed bullet nears the STFKevlar, it absorbs the significant amount of energy that is applied by the bullet. Consequently, the bullet stops penetrating the STFKevlar in a very small fraction of time due to the considerable increase in viscosity. As the shear rate increases over a certain critical value, viscosity increases remarkably which is the main characteristic of shear thickening transition and finally, it reaches to its maximum value of viscosity in approximately 8 × 10−5sec. In addition, a bullet applies a considerable amount of force on any Kevlar due to its high velocity and kinetic energy; however, the high resistant STFKevlar is approved as a high quality and protective vests which stops the bullet in 6 × 10−4sec.

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Pu, Z., O. W. Dillon, I. S. Jawahir und D. A. Puleo. „Microstructural Changes of AZ31 Magnesium Alloys Induced by Cryogenic Machining and Its Influence on Corrosion Resistance in Simulated Body Fluid for Biomedical Applications“. In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34234.

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Poor corrosion resistance is one of the major disadvantages of magnesium alloys that inhibits their wide application. It was reported frequently that the alloys’ microstructure has a significant influence on their corrosion resistance. In this study, cryogenic machining is used as a severe plastic deformation tool to modify the surface and subsurface microstructures of an AZ31 Mg alloy. Liquid nitrogen is applied to suppress grain growth caused by large heat generation during machining. “White layers”, where grain boundaries were invisible, were shown to form on the surface and subsurface after machining. The hardness of this layer was about 60% larger than the bulk material. The tool edge radius and the cutting speed have profound influence on the microstructures. Preliminary results from immersion tests in simulated body fluid showed that the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 Mg alloy was enhanced due to the formation of white layer.

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Nishio, Yu, Keiji Niwa und Takanobu Ogawa. „Numerical Simulation of a Pouring Flow From a Beverage Can“. In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5308.

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Abstract Motion of liquid pouring from a beverage can is numerically studied. A liquid is poured from a can which is rotated at a prescribed angular speed. The flow is simulated by solving the unsteady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. An experiment under the same condition is also carried out to validate the computational result. The result shows that, when the can is tipped, the liquid flows over the lid of the can and is once obstructed by the rim of the lid. The numerical result is in good agreement with the experimental result. The effect of condensation formed on a can surface is also considered. The effect of condensation is taken into account by adjusting a contact angle. The liquid pouring from a can trickles down along the can body. The computation reproduces these experimental observations.

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Ishii, Eiji, Yoshihito Yasukawa, Kazuki Yoshimura und Kiyotaka Ogura. „Simulation of Coarse Droplet and Liquid Column Formed Around Nozzle Outlets due to Valve Wobble of a GDI Injector“. In ASME 2017 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2017-3509.

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The generation of particulate matter (PM) is one problem with gasoline direct-injection engines. PM is generated in high-density regions of fuel that are formed by non-uniform air/fuel mixtures, coarse droplets generated during end-of-injection, and fuel adhering to the nozzle body surface and piston surface. Uniform air/fuel mixtures and short fuel-spray durations with multiple injections are effective in enabling the valves of fuel injectors to not wobble and dribble. We previously studied what effects the opening and closing of valves had on fuel spray behavior and found that valve motions in the opening and closing directions affected spray behavior and generated coarse droplets during the end-of-injection. We focused on the effects of valve wobbling on fuel spray behavior in this study, especially on the behavior during the end-of-injection. The effects of wobbling on fuel spray with full valve strokes were first studied, and we found that simulated spray behaviors agreed well with the measured ones. We also studied the effects on fuel dribble during end-of-injection. When a valve wobbled from left to right, the fuel dribble decreased in comparison with a case without wobbling. When a valve wobbled from the front to the rear, however, fuel dribble increased. Surface tension significantly affected fuel dribble, especially in forming low-speed liquid columns and coarse droplets. Fuel dribble was simulated while changing the wetting angle on walls from 60 to 5 degrees. We found that the appearance of coarse droplets in sprays decreased during the end-of-injection by changing the wetting angles from 60 to 5 degrees.

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Cazzoli, Giulio, Claudio Forte, Cristiano Vitali, Piero Pelloni und Gian Marco Bianchi. „Modeling of Wall Film Formed by Impinging Spray Using a Fully Explicit Integration Method“. In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2005-1063.

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A wall film model has been implemented in a customized version of KIVA-3 code developed at University of Bologna. The model simulates the dynamics of a liquid wall film generated by impinging sprays by solving the mass, momentum and energy equations of a two-dimensional liquid flow over a three-dimensional surface under the basic hypothesis of a ‘thin laminar flow’. The major phenomena taken into account in the present model are: wall film formation by impinging spray; body forces, such as gravity or acceleration of the wall; shear stress at the interface with the gas and no slip condition on the wall; momentum contribution and dynamic pressure generated by the tangential and normal component of the impinging drops; film evaporation by heat exchange with wall and surrounding gas. The governing equation have been integrated in space by using a finite volume approach with a first order upwind differencing scheme and they have been integrated in time with a fully explicit method. Particular care has been taken in numerical implementation of the model. Two different test cases reproducing PFI gasoline and DI Diesel engine wall film conditions have been simulated. The comparisons with experimental data show that the present wall film model well reproduces the evolution in time and the spatial distribution of the liquid film thickness in both cases.

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Hazrati Ashtiani, Iman, Subhash Rakheja, A. K. W. Ahmed und Jimin Zhang. „Hunting Analysis of a Partially-Filled Railway Tank Car“. In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5631.

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General purpose railway tank cars similar to road tankers are known to transport liquid cargo in partial-fill state due to variations in liquid cargo density and governing axle load limits. It is widely reported that the cargo movements constitute additional forces and moments that could strongly affect the wheel-rail interactions and coupling forces, and thereby the directional dynamics of the wagon. In this study, the linear slosh theory is used to describe the liquid cargo movement in the roll plane by a simple pendulum, which is integrated into a comprehensive nonlinear multi-body model of a three-piece truck to study the effects of liquid cargo slosh on lateral dynamics of the tank car. The model also incorporates the nonlinear secondary suspension restoring and damping forces, attributed to friction of the wedges, using the non-smooth contact method in addition to the geometric constraints of various components. The wheel/rail contact forces are simulated considering non-elliptical wheel-rail contact using the FASTSIM algorithm. The lateral dynamic responses of the multi-body model of a freight car with partially filled liquid load and an equivalent rigid cargo are evaluated to study the effect of cargo movement on the critical speed and the wheelset hunting oscillations frequency. The results obtained considering different fill ratios of the liquid cargo suggest that the fluid slosh yields additional damping effect on the lateral dynamics of the car. Liquid cargo movement within partly-filled tank car could thus yield a beneficial influence on the wheelset hunting. This was evidenced from the phase relationship between the lateral oscillations of the pendulum and the bogie/wheelset. Consequently, a partially filled tanker resulted in relatively higher critical hunting velocity compared to that of the wagon with equivalent rigid cargo.

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Kamin, Manu, und Prashant Khare. „Liquid Jet in Crossflow: Effect of Momentum Flux Ratio on Spray and Vaporization Characteristics“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91972.

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Abstract A comprehensive study is conducted to identify the effects of momentum flux ratio on the spray and vaporization characteristics of liquid jet injected in air crossflow at elevated temperatures, a configuration relevant to high-speed propulsion systems, such as ramjets and afterburners. The physical setup consists of a straight chamber with a triangular bluff body down-stream of the liquid injection location. The numerical simulations are based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian framework, where the gas phase flow behaviors such as recirculation zones, turbulence statistics, mixing of vaporized liquid and gas streams are resolved by solving the complete set of three-dimensional conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and species, and the liquid phase is treated using the blob approach and tracked in a Lagrangian coordinate system. Turbulence closure is achieved using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique. Primary breakup of the liquid jet is simulated using the K-H wave breakup model, and the Taylor Analogy Breakup (TAB) model is used for secondary breakup. Two-way coupling between the liquid and gas phases is implemented in the LES framework to systematically model the exchange of mass, momentum and energy between the two phases. The formulation is validated against experimental measurements of liquid jet penetration and sauter mean diameter for a Weber number of 68 and momentum flux ratio of 9 at two temperatures, 298K and 573K. Results show excellent agreement with measurements for both cases. Next, simulations are conducted for a range of momentum flux ratios from 10–140 to identify the detailed gas and spray fields for vaporizing flow cases. This study helps to estimate the penetration of the liquid jet, droplet distribution, and then, location of the core of evaporated liquid in the gas-phase are quantitatively identified.

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Funazaki, K., M. Yokota und S. Yamawaki. „The Effect of Periodic Wake Passing on Film Effectiveness of Discrete Cooling Holes Around the Leading Edge of a Blunt Body“. In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-183.

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Detailed studies are conducted on film effectiveness of discrete cooling holes around the leading edge of a blunt body that is subjected to periodically incoming wakes as well as free-stream turbulence with various levels of intensity. The cooling holes have a configuration similar to that of typical turbine blades except for the spanwise inclination angle. Secondary air is heated so that the temperature difference between the mainstream and secondary air is about 20K. In this case, air density ratio of the mainstream and secondary air becomes less than unity, therefore the flow condition encountered in an actual aero-engine can not be simulated in terms of the density ratio. A spoke-wheel type wake generator is used in this study. In addition, three types of turbulence grids are used to elevate the free-stream turbulence intensity. We adopt three blowing ratios of the secondary air to the mainstream. For each of the blowing ratios, wall temperature around the surface of the test model are measured by thermocouples situated inside the model. The temperature is visualized using liquid crystals in order to obtain qualitative information of film effectiveness distribution.

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