Thematische Bibliographien / SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF SPUR GEARS

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF SPUR GEARS“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 5. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF SPUR GEARS"

Wang, Jian, Liang Hou, and Shan Ming Luo. "Research on Tooth Profile Design of Spur Gears Based on Line of Action." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.817.

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This paper aims to propose a design method for tooth profiles of spur gears based on given line of action. A simplified derivation of the mathematical model of tooth profiles is introduced according to the meshing theory. Tooth profiles of spur gears, using a parabola as line of action, is established. The result shows that it will be better to control the performances of a gear set by specifying the shape of the line of action rather than specifying tooth profiles of mating gear.

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Kahraman, A., and G. W. Blankenship. "Effect of Involute Contact Ratio on Spur Gear Dynamics." Journal of Mechanical Design 121, no. 1 (1999): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829411.

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The influence of involute contact ratio on the torsional vibration behavior of a spur gear pair is investigated experimentally by measuring the dynamic transmission error of several gear pairs using a specially designed gear test rig. Measured forced response curves are presented, and harmonic amplitudes of dynamic transmission error are compared above and below gear mesh resonances for both unmodified and modified gears having various involute contact ratio values. The influence of involute contact ratio on dynamic transmission error is quantified and a set of generalized, experimentally validated design guidelines for the proper selection of involute contact ratio to achieve quite gear systems is presented. A simplified analytical model is also proposed which accurately describes the effects of involute contact ratio on dynamic transmission error.

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Yildirim, N., and R. G. Munro. "A systematic approach to profile relief design of low and high contact ratio spur gears." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 213, no. 6 (1999): 551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406991522482.

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This is the first of a series of papers on the design of the tooth profile relief of both low and high contact ratio spur gears and its effects on transmission error (TE) and tooth loads. A systematic approach to profile relief design is introduced. The process of profile relief analysis is based on a number of simplifying assumptions to ease the understanding of the relief design. Useful relief cases determined during the simplified analysis are further investigated, with realistic parameter values such as variable stiffness, manufacturing tolerances and so on, in other papers of the series. Experimental validation of the cases proven to be good are also given in forthcoming papers. In the present paper, the systematic approach is applied to low contact ratio (LCR) spur gears first with some design regions and to high contact ratio (HCR) spur gears with some new and promising design regions and rules. Several smooth transmission error curves at different loads are shown to be possible for the relief designed, hence allowing a range of loads with uniform motion transfer. The advantages of HCRG over LCRG in terms of smooth TE curves and tooth load values are noted.

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Keller, M. C., C. Kromer, L. Cordes, C. Schwitzke, and H. J. Bauer. "CFD study of oil-jet gear interaction flow phenomena in spur gears." Aeronautical Journal 124, no. 1279 (2020): 1301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2020.44.

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ABSTRACTOil-jet lubrication and cooling of high-speed gears is frequently employed in aeronautical systems, such as novel high-bypass civil aero engines based on the geared turbofan technology. Using such oil-jet system, practitioners aim to achieve high cooling rates on the flanks of the highly thermally loaded gears with minimum oil usage. Thus, for an optimal design, detailed knowledge about the flow processes is desired. These involve the oil exiting the nozzle, the oil impacting on the gear teeth, the oil spreading on the flanks, the subsequent oil fling-off, as well as the effect of the design parameters on the oil flow. Better understanding of these processes will improve the nozzle design phase, e.g. regarding the nozzle positioning and orientation, as well as the nozzle sizing and operation.Most related studies focus on the impingement depth to characterize the two-phase flow. However, the level of information of this scalar value is rather low for a complete description of the highly dynamic three-dimensional flow. Motivated by the advancements in numerical methods and the computational resources available nowadays, the investigation of the oil-jet gear interaction by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has come into focus lately.In this work, a numerical setup based on the volume-of-fluid method is presented and employed to investigate the two-phase flow phenomena occurring in the vicinity of the gear teeth. The setup consists of a single oil-jet impinging on a single rotating spur gear. By introducing new metrics for characterizing the flow phenomena, extensive use of the possibilities of modern CFD is made, allowing a detailed transient and spatially resolved flow analysis. Thus, not only the impingement depth, but also the temporal and spatial evolution of wetted areas on the gear flanks, as well as the evolution of the oil volume in contact with the gear flanks are extracted from the simulation data and compared in a CFD study.The study consists of 21 different simulation cases, whereby the effect of varying the jet velocity, the jet inclination angle, the jet diameter, and the gear speed are examined. Consistent results compared to a simplified analytical approach for the impinging depth are obtained and the results for the newly introduced metrics are presented.

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Qu, Yongzhi, Liu Hong, Xixin Jiang, et al. "Experimental study of dynamic strain for gear tooth using fiber Bragg gratings and piezoelectric strain sensors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 21 (2017): 3992–4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217744000.

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It has always been a critical task to understand gear dynamics for gear design and condition monitoring. Many gear models have been proposed to simulate gear meshing dynamics. However, most of the theoretical models are based on simplified gear structure and may contain approximation errors. Direct measuring of gear strain is important for gear design validation, load analysis, reliability assessment, gear condition monitoring, etc. Most of the existing studies of tooth strain measurements are performed under static load condition. In this paper, we investigate new measuring techniques using fiber Bragg grating sensor and piezoelectric strain for gear dynamic strain measurement. We conduct gear dynamic strain measurement under both normal and pitted conditions to evaluate the strain transition process and pitting effect. The experiments are performed on an industrial gearbox with relatively small module gears. Multiple combinations of speed and load conditions are tested and the results are discussed and analyzed. We analyze multiple factors that affect the tooth root stress, including speed, load, extended tooth meshing, etc. It is found that under low operation speed range, the tooth root strain is mainly determined by the torque, while in the medium to high speed range, the tooth root strain is jointly affected by speed and torque. Extended tooth contact is shown in the measurement results with strong evidence. It conforms to earlier founding that the transmission error and dynamic load factor are overestimated for spur gear under heavy load. We also evaluate the change in dynamic strain caused by pitted tooth surface. It is shown that pitting faults lead to decreased bending strain on the tooth, especially in single-tooth contact zone, which represents a loss in torque and possibly reduced mesh stiffness. Numerical simulations are also provided to make comparisons and help to interpret the experimental results.

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Koffi, D., R. Gauvin, and H. Yelle. "Heat Generation in Thermoplastic Spur Gears." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 107, no. 1 (1985): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258688.

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Since thermoplastics are temperature-sensitive materials, heat generation in running spur gears is an important parameter. This paper presents two models for its evaluation, an exact one which considers all the parameters but needs a computer to solve the equations; then a simplified model. Both models take into account the contact outside the theoretical line of action which is the usual case with thermoplastic gears. Results for the simplified model are within reasonable agreement with the exact one.

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Sachidananda, H. K., K. Raghunandana, and J. Gonsalvis. "Design of Spur Gears Using Profile Modification." Tribology Transactions 58, no. 4 (2015): 736–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2015.1010762.

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Nguyen, Minh, Nguyen Anh My, Le Quang Phu Vinh, and Vo Thanh Binh. "Optimal weight design problem of spur gears." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 4, no. 1 (2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v4i1.792.

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Gear is one of the most common and important components in machinery. Evaluation on durability of gears plays crucial role in the assessment of the whole system reliability and service life. For other parts like shafts, the gears also act as loads. Therefore, dimensions and weight of the gears should be reduced as much as possible, contributing the size and weight reduction of the whole systems, which is essential to be cost-effectiveness. The current research focuses on optimal weight design problem of spur gears, such that the weight is minimized under the constraints taken from working conditions. The weight is a function of six variables, i.e. face width, shaft diameter of pinion, shaft diameter of gear, number of teeth on pinion, module and hardness. Constraints are derived based on AGMA standard and engineering handbooks, including the bending strength, the surface fatigue strength, the interference condition, the condition for uniform load distribution, the torsional strength of shaft on pinion and gear, and the center distance. The set of optimum design variables is determined by the heuristic algorithm Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). The accuracy and efficiency of the GWO in the optimal weight design problem of spur gears are assessed based on comparison with other popular methods, such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Simulated Annealing (SA). It is noted that in previous works, some of the constraints are still violated. Therefore, a penalty term is taken into the objective function, such that any set of design variables that violates constraints will be considered as ``unfit'' by the algorithm. It is demonstrated that using the proposed approach by current work, the optimal weight and the corresponding set of design variable are very close to reference data. Yet the advantage of the proposed approach is exhibited in the fact that all of the constraints are satisfied.

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Feng, Fang, Hui Pan, and Guo Jun Hu. "PRO/E Based Parametric Design of Spur Gears." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.790.

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This paper adopts the method of PRO/E programs, relationships and parameters to conduct the parametric design process for various types of spur gears, analyzes the key parameters of the spur gears, defines them via programming, and by the use of parameters dialog box and relationships dialog box to define basic parameters and the relationships between them step by step, finally to complete the gear’s parametric model.

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Litvin, F. L., and D. H. Kim. "Computerized Design, Generation and Simulation of Meshing of Modified Involute Spur Gears With Localized Bearing Contact and Reduced Level of Transmission Errors." Journal of Mechanical Design 119, no. 1 (1997): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2828795.

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The authors propose modification of geometry of spur gears that enable to localize the bearing contact and reduce the level of transmission errors. Methods for generation of spur gears with the modified geometry are proposed as well. Computer programs for simulation of meshing and contact of misaligned spur gears with the modified geometry have been developed. The developed theory is illustrated with numerical examples.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF SPUR GEARS"

Ozturk, Fatih Mehmet. "Optimum Design Of Multistep Spur Gearbox." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606749/index.pdf.

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Optimum design of multistep gearbox, since many high-performance power transmission applications (e.g., automotive, space industry) require compact volume, has become an important interest area. This design application includes more complicated problems that are not taken into account while designing single stage gear drives. Design applications are generally made by trial and error methods depending on the experience and the intuition of the designer. In this study, using Visual Basic 6.0, an interactive program is developed for designing multistep involute standard and nonstandard spur gearbox according to the American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) Standards 218.01 and 2001- B88. All the equations for calculating the pitting resistance geometry factor I, and the bending strength geometry factor J, are valid for external spur gears that are generated by rack-type tools (rack cutters or hobs). The program is made for twostage to six-stage gear drives, which are commonly used in the industry. Compactness of gear pairs and gearbox, and equality of factor of safety against bending failure is taken as the design objective. By considering the total required gear ratio, the number of reduction stages is input by the user. Gear ratios of every stage is distributed to the stages according to the total gear ratio that satisfies the required precision (from &plusmn 0.1 to &plusmn 0.00001 on overall gear ratio) depending on the user selected constraints (unequal gear ratio for every stage, noninteger gear ratio e.g.). Dimensional design is determined by considering bending stress, pitting stress, and involute interference constraints. These steps are carried out iteratively until a desirable solution is acquired. The necessary parameters for configuration design such as number of teeth, module, addendum modification coefficient, are selected from previously determined gear pairs that satisfies the constraints by user interaction considering the performance criterion from the developed program. The positions of gears and shafts are determined automatically in order to keep the volume of gearbox as minimum while satisfying the nonlinear spatial constraints (center distance constraint for proper meshing of gear pairs, face distance constraint for proper assembly of pinion and gear having same shaft, gear interference constraint for preventing interferences between gears, shaft interference constraint for preventing interferences between gears and shafts) by using DLL (Dynamic Link Library) technology of Lingo 8.0 optimization software together with Visual Basic 6.0. If shaft interference constraint is removed then cantilevered mounting of gear pairs would also be possible, otherwise the gears should be mounted between bearings. Visual output of assembly is made by using Autodesk Inventor 7.0, automatically by the program.

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White, John. "The design and evaluation of polymer composite spur gears." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.647446.

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Hwang, Jenq-Fong. "Advanced computer-aided design method on the stress analysis of internal spur gears." Connect to this title online, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1102453550.

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Maštera, Lukáš. "Koncepce vysokorychlostní vrtné hlavy pro odběr vzorků hornin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443237.

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THE THESIS FOCUSES ON A CONSTRUCTION DESIGN OF A NEW DRILLING HEAD DESIGNED TO REPLACE THE ORIGINAL ONE IN A MULTIDRILL HYNDAGA DRILLING RING. THE SUBSTITUTION IS SUPPOSED TO PROVIDE A SOLUTION TO THE SHORTCOMINGS OF THE CURRENTLY USED DRILLING HEAD. THE THESIS ANALYSES PARAMETERS OBTAINED FROM THE MANUFACTURER, NEW PRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS AND PROPOSES TWO TYPES OF MOTORS INNOVATIVE METHODS HAD BEEN IMPLEMENTED IN CALCULATIONS OF CONCEPTUAL PARAMETERS OF THE NECESSARY COMPONENTS. THE OUTCOME IS A NEW F-TYPE DRILLING HEAD.

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Tharmakulasingam, Raul. "Transmission error in spur gears : static and dynamic finite-element modeling and design optimization." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5100.

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The gear noise problem that widely occurs in power transmission systems is typically characterised by one or more high amplitude acoustic signals. The noise originates from the vibration of the gear pair system caused by transmission error excitation that arises from tooth profile errors, misalignment and tooth deflections. This work aims to further research the effect of tooth profile modifications on the transmission error of gear pairs. A spur gear pair was modelled using finite elements, and the gear mesh was simulated and analysed under static conditions. The results obtained were used to study the effect of intentional tooth profile modifications on the transmission error of the gear pair. A detailed parametric study, involving development of an optimisation algorithm to design the tooth modifications, was performed to quantify the changes in the transmission error as a function of tooth profile modification parameters as compared to an unmodified gear pair baseline. The work also investigates the main differences between the static and dynamic transmission error generated during the meshing of a spur gear pair model. A combination of Finite-Element Analysis, hybrid numerical/analytical methodology and optimisation algorithms were used to scrutinise the dynamic behaviour of the gear pairs under various operating conditions.

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Irwin, Gary M. "Interactive 3-D computer-aided design of external spur gears cut by a hob." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90943.

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An interactive program is presented which enhances the design of external spur gears cut by a hob. The program code calculates the geometry of an involute spur gear with trochoidal fillets and then uses the Graphical Kernel System (GKS), CADAM, and MOVIE.BYU to represent and display the gear. GKS, an international standard, is used to represent the gear in two dimensions; while the CAD/CAM system CADAM and the software package MOVIE.BYU accurately create wireframe geometric design models in three dimensions. Examples of the input parameters needed and each of the software packages in use are shown and explained. M.S.

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Sundaresan, Sivakumar. "Design optimization procedure using robustness for minimizing transmission error in spur and helical gears /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487780865411026.

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Sun, Allen Y. "An Experimental Study of the Dynamic Response of Spur Gears Having Tooth Index Errors." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430749459.

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Ostiguy, Matthew James. "Experiment and Simulation of the Acoustic Signature of Fatigued-Cracked Gears in a Two-Stage Gearbox." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1328.

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This thesis focuses on the development of a health monitoring system for gearbox transmissions. This was accomplished by developing and understanding a two-stage gearbox computer model that emulates an actual gearbox test rig. The computer model contains actual gearbox geometry, flexible shafts, bearings, gear contact forces, input motor torque, output brake torque, and realistic gearbox imbalance. The gear contact force of each gear stage and the input bearing translational acceleration were the main outputs compared between a healthy gearbox and damaged gearbox computer model. The damage of focus was a fatigue crack on the input pinion gear. A sideband energy ratio comparison yielded the computer simulation accurately modeled the difference between a healthy and damaged gearbox. The next step in this study involved the development of a repeatable procedure to initiate and propagate a fatigue crack at the tooth root in an actual spur gear. A damaged spur gear allows for a future comparison of an actual healthy and damaged gearbox system in the lab. A custom fatigue fixture was designed and manufactured for a Martin S1224BS 1 spur gear. The fatigue crack was initiated by position control fatigue testing which deflects the gear tooth a set amplitude for a number of cycles. Over the length of the test, the load that the tooth can withstand in bending decreases as damage begins to occur. Once the max load on the gear has dropped by a significant percentage (5-15%) a crack has initiated and begun to propagate across the tooth face. The use of a scanning electron microscope confirmed the presence a fatigue crack.

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Lai, Liang-chieh, and 賴良傑. "Design of Shifted Spur Gears." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41413309975445933836.

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碩士 逢甲大學 材料與製造工程所 93 Shifted gears are generated by standard gear generating tools with gear pitch circle intersect or away from the tool pitch line. Therefore, a pair of mating pinion and gear has different addendum/dedendum. Shifted gears may be employed in one of the occasions, (a) to avoid undercutting, (b) to obtain lager contact ratio, (c) to fit specific center distance in a gear train, and (d) to increase the tooth root strength. However, when gear engineers try to improve one factor by the using of shifted gears, usually, other factors become worse. So, tedious try-and-error procedures must be taken in the design of shifted gears to meet all the demands. This thesis discusses the general procedures of designing shifted spur gears, and provides a Microsoft ExcelÒ code to perform the tedious try-and-error task effectively and efficiently. This thesis also provide a method to analyze shifted spur gear deformation by using of Timoshenko Beam Theory, since the traditional Lewis Method for gear stress analysis is not suitable for analyzing shifted gear strength. Examples for improving gear performance through properly choosing a shifting coefficient are shown in the article too.

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Bücher zum Thema "SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF SPUR GEARS"

Courtney, Lloyd. Software for the design of spur gears. University College Dublin, 1997.

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White, John. The design and evaluation of polymer composite spur gears. University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Oswald, Fred B. Influence of tooth profile modification on spur gear dynamic tooth strain. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Miller, Rex. Audel automated machines and toolmaking. 5th ed. Wiley, 2004.

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Miller, Rex. Audel Automated Machines and Toolmaking. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2004.

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Buckingham, Earle, and Eliot Buckingham. Manual of Gear Design: Spur and Internal Gears. Industrial Press, Inc., 1999.

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Buchteile zum Thema "SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF SPUR GEARS"

Pedrero, José I., Miguel Pleguezuelos, and Miryam B. Sánchez. "Analytical Simulation of the Tooth Contact of Spur Gears." In New Approaches to Gear Design and Production. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34945-5_4.

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Belarhzal, Samya, and El Mostapha Boudi. "Genetic Algorithm Design Optimization for Non-standard Spur Gears." In Digital Technologies and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73882-2_4.

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Wang, Cheng, Hui Liu, Minggang Du, and Changle Xiang. "A Gear Mesh Dynamic Model for Analyzing the Nonlinear Vibrations of Spur Gears Supported by Compliant Shafts." In Advances in Mechanical Design. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6553-8_7.

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Gupta, Kapil, and Neelesh Kumar Jain. "Planning, Design and Details of Experimental Investigation." In Near-Net Shape Manufacturing of Miniature Spur Gears by Wire Spark Erosion Machining. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1563-2_3.

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Spitas, C., V. Spitas, and M. Rajabalinejad. "Dynamical Simulation and Calculation of the Load Factor of Spur Gears with Indexing Errors and Profile Modifications for Optimal Gear Design." In Power Transmissions. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6558-0_13.

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"Spur Gears." In Mechanical Design. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439895313-18.

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Ugural, Ansel C., Youngjin Chung, and Errol A. Ugural. "Spur Gears." In Mechanical Engineering Design. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003099284-14.

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Ugural, Ansel C., Youngjin Chung, and Errol A. Ugural. "Spur Gears." In MECHANICAL DESIGN of Machine Components. Taylor & Francis, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369679-14.

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"Spur Gears." In Mechanical Design of Machine Components. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18000-20.

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Yildirim, N., M. Yasar, E. Yildirim, F. Erdogan, and B. Karatas. "Experimental verification of improvements in static and fatigue bending capacity of spur gear tooth via tooth root design optimization." In International Conference on Gears 2019. VDI Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783181023556-959.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "SIMPLIFIED DESIGN OF SPUR GEARS"

Osakue, Edward E. "Simplified Spur Gear Design." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65426.

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A simplified design method (SDM) for spur gears is presented. The Hertz contact stress and Lewis root bending stress capacity models for spur gears have been reformulated and formatted into simplified forms. A scheme is suggested for estimating the AGMA J-factor in Lewis root bending stress for spur gears from a single curve for both pinion and gear instead of the conventional two curves. A service load factor is introduced in gear design that accounts for different conventional rated load modifier factors. It represents a magnification factor for the rated load in a gear design problem. Two design examples are considered for applications of the stress capacity models. In Example 1, the Hertz contact stress of the SDM deviates from AGMA value by 1.95%. The variance in Example 2 between the contact stress of the SDM and FEM is 1.184% while that between SDM and AGMA is 0.09%. The root bending stress of AGMA and SDM for the pinion in Example 1 differs by 1.44% and that for the gear by 6.59%. The difference between the root bending stress of AGMA and SDM for pinion and gear in Example 2 is 0.18%. These examples suggest that the new simplified method gives results that compare very favorably with both AGMA and FEM solutions. The simplified method developed is recommended mainly for preliminary design when quick but reliable solutions are sought.

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Pedrero, Jose´ I., Miguel Pleguezuelos, and Marta Mun˜oz. "Simplified Calculation Method for the Efficiency of Involute Spur Gears." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87179.

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The traditional methods for computation of the efficiency of cylindrical gear transmissions are based on the hypotheses of constant friction coefficient and uniform load distribution along the line of contact. However, the changing rigidity of the pair of teeth along the path of contact produces a non–uniform load distribution, which has significant influence on the friction losses, due to the different relative sliding at any point of the line of contact. In previous works, the authors obtained a non-uniform model of load distribution based on the minimum elastic potential criterion. This load distribution was applied to compute the efficiency of spur and helical gears, resulting in slightly greater values of the efficiency than those obtained if the load distribution along the line of contact is assumed to be uniform. In this work, this non-uniform model of load distribution is applied to study the efficiency of involute spur gears with transverse contact ratio between 1 and 2 (i.e., the load is shared among one or two pairs of teeth), assuming the friction coefficient to be constant along the path of contact. Analytical expressions for the power losses due to friction, for the transmitted power and for the efficiency are presented. A study of the influence of some transmission parameters (as gear ratio, pressure angle, etc.) on the efficiency is also presented.

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Pleguezuelos, Miguel, Jose´ I. Pedrero, and Miryam B. Sa´nchez. "Analytical Model of the Efficiency of Spur Gears: Study of the Influence of the Design Parameters." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47662.

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An analytic model to compute the efficiency of spur gears has been developed. It is based on the application of a non-uniform model of load distribution obtained from the minimum elastic potential criterion and a simplified non-uniform model of the friction coefficient along the path of contact. Both conventional and high transverse contact ratio spur gears have been considered. Analytical expressions for the power losses due to friction, for the transmitted power and for the efficiency are presented. From this model, a complete study of the influence of some design parameters (as the number of teeth, the gear ratio, the pressure angle, the addendum modification coefficient, etc.) on the efficiency is presented.

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Piazza, Andrea, and Gabriele Bellino. "Analysis of Tooth Surface Distress Using AGMA 925 and Numerical Load Distribution Methods." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/ptg-48013.

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The AGMA document 925 is an important step toward the standardisation of the present knowledge of the surface distress mechanisms; specifically it provides a careful look onto two important phenomena as scuffing and wear on gears employing a wide set of experimental data provided by literature and AGMA members; but since the load distribution is calculated using simplified methods the obtained results may be limited to gear designs whose load distribution is similar to the one(s) of the test gearset(s) where the above data was collected, i.e. spur gears, mostly accurately designed to scuff and to test lubricants. The work summarizes the different effects of applying the cited document methodology using simplified load distribution and most sophisticated one(s) on classical test gears for lubricants and on helical designs. It is shown that using more sophisticated load distribution methods the results on helical gears may be strongly different with respect of simplified methods and may suggest, in some cases, a design review.

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Davoli, Piermaria, Carlo Gorla, Francesco Rosa, Fabrizio Rossi, and Giuseppe Boni. "Transmission Error and Noise Emission of Spur Gears: A Theoretical and Experimental Approach." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34099.

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Noise reduction is becoming a more and more important target for industrial gearboxes. The achievement of this goal requires a precise identification of gear noise sources, because only a good understanding of the phenomena involved in gear noise can give to the designer the tools to conceive gears with reduced acoustic emission, avoiding the time consuming and expensive “trial and error” procedure [1]. The variable component of Transmission Error (TE) is commonly recognized as one of the most important sources of gear noise. TE is mainly caused by teeth deflections under load and by manufacturing and assembly errors. The usual approach to these problems is to conceive profile modifications and crowning that absorb deformations and errors, in order to reduce TE and consequently noise. Since the correlation between gear TE and noise is complicated, profile modifications are often designed on the basis of past field experience, while software tools to predict TE as a function of tooth modifications are of great help. Nevertheless, such software tools must be validated through experimental tests. A software based on a simplified model of gear meshing, that takes into account manufacturing errors and profile modifications, has been developed and validated by means of a new test rig, specifically conceived for TE, vibrations and noise emission measurements. The rig has been designed and installed in the Laboratories of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano. In this paper software simulations, TE predictions, TE and acoustic measurements are described and discussed. TE has been predicted and measured for two different gear sets, with the same macro-geometry (module, teeth number, center distance) and different micro-geometry (profile modifications); acoustic emission has also been measured. TE measurements show a good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The measurements made with the new test rig confirm the close correlation between TE and the level of acoustic emission.

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Lin, Ah-Der, and Jao-Hwa Kuang. "The Torque Responses in Spur Gearing." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-5834.

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Abstract In this study, the frequency spectra of a meshing spur gear pair are derived. A two-step mesh stiffness model is assumed to account for the time varying stiffness during the teeth engagement. The analytic load of this simplified gear pair system is used to derive the corresponding Fourier expansion series of the transmitted torque in close form solutions. Numerical results have shown that the frequency spectra of the transmitted torque are dominated by the mesh stiffness alternation and the contact ratio of a gear pair. Furthermore, the amplitude modulation introduced by a harmonic input torque has also been investigated.

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Hsu, C. H., and K. T. Lam. "A New Graph Representation for the Automatic Kinematic Analysis of Planetary Spur-Gear Trains." In ASME 1989 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1989-0152.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to propose a new graph representation to represent the kinematic structure of a planetary spur-gear train efficiently. Based on the graph representation, the kinematic analysis of planetary spur-gear trains is largely simplified. An interactive computer program is developed for the kinematic analysis of planetary spur-gear trains with any numbers of degrees of freedom. By only inputting the graph representation of a planetary spur-gear trains and the data of the mating gear pairs, all possible fundamental circuits are determined and the rotational displacement equations are derived and solved automatically.

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Saggere, L., and D. G. Olson. "A Simplified Approach for Force and Power-Flow Analysis of Compound Epicyclic Spur-Gear Trains." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0153.

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Abstract After conceptual design and dimensional synthesis of a compound epicyclic gear train (EGT), its performance evaluation involves kinematic analysis, force analysis, torque analysis, and power-flow analysis. In recent years, graph theory has proven to be a powerful symbolic representation for design of mechanisms. Application of graph theory for the topological representation and kinematic analysis of EGTs is quite well established. However, graph theory based methods for power-flow and force analysis lack certain features, making them unsuitable or difficult to implement in a general purpose program for automatic design of EGTs. The traditional approach has been to perform force and torque analysis first, and then use the results to perform power-flow analysis. This paper presents a novel, systematic approach in which power-flow analysis is performed first, and then the results are used to determine the inter-link forces in epicyclic spur-gear trains. This method is based only on the graph of the gear-train and the angular velocities of the elements, and hence, is more suitable for automatic computation, simpler to implement in a program, and also avoids requiring the formulation of tedious torque equilibrium equations. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the simplicity and generality of the method.

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Ottewill, James R., R. Eddie Wilson, and Simon A. Neild. "An Experimental Analysis of the Dynamics of Lightly Damped Subcritically Excited Gear Pairs." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35096.

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This paper investigates, through experimentation, the inherently nonlinear dynamics that meshing gear pairs display. The experimental rig consists of 1:1 ratio high-module spur gears connected to high precision encoders. The amplitude of a displacement fluctuation input is varied and the relative motion of the two gears is recorded. The experimental trajectories show at least two stable impacting regimes for each fluctuating input amplitude, differing in the magnitude of the relative angular displacement. The amplitude of motions is sometimes comparable to the backlash size, and for some parameters both noisy solutions with large relative displacement amplitudes and quieter, smaller amplitude solutions may occur. A simple single degree of freedom model is derived, based upon a combined constant velocity and fluctuating displacement input. This model is compared with experimental results in order to understand fundamental contact mechanics. Solutions to the mathematical model are generated using a numerical integrator and predict the maximum relative displacement amplitude motions accurately, but not the smaller amplitude motions. This is because the model omits and simplifies certain mechanisms such as meshing impacts and gear eccentricity, both of which will be added in future investigation.

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Vu, Linh Nguyen, and Chin-Hsing Kuo. "A Gear-Slider Gravity Compensation Mechanism: Design and Experimental Study." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97602.

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Abstract This paper presents the design and experimental study of a geared five-bar module for the gravity compensation of a rotating mass. In this design, a compression spring is installed on the rotating link and a pair of spur gears are used to transmit the elastic force to counterbalance the gravitational force. The design problem is first formulated as an optimization model for minimizing the actuation torque and then simplified to an analytical equation for approximating the perfect compensation design. One unique feature of the study is that the friction effect of the meshing gears is considered in the design of the spring stiffness. A prototype of the proposed mechanism was built and experimentally investigated via the manual and motor-driven tests. In the manual test, the measured peak static motor torque due to gravity was reduced up to 84.3% with the spring attachment. On the other hand, in the motor-driven test, the measured peak motor torque was reduced up to 90% and 72.8% during the downward and upward motions, respectively, and the power reduction rate of the driving motor could achieve up to 86.5% within the overall range of motion.

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