Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Sheltered load“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Sheltered load":
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Llaurens, Violaine, Lucy Gonthier und Sylvain Billiard. „The Sheltered Genetic Load Linked to the S Locus in Plants: New Insights From Theoretical and Empirical Approaches in Sporophytic Self-Incompatibility“. Genetics 183, Nr. 3 (14.09.2009): 1105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.109.102707.
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Inbreeding depression and mating systems evolution are closely linked, because the purging of deleterious mutations and the fitness of individuals may depend on outcrossing vs. selfing rates. Further, the accumulation of deleterious mutations may vary among genomic regions, especially for genes closely linked to loci under balancing selection. Sporophytic self-incompatibility (SSI) is a common genetic mechanism in angiosperm that enables hermaphrodite plants to avoid selfing and promote outcrossing. The SSI phenotype is determined by the S locus and may depend on dominance relationships among alleles. Since most individuals are heterozygous at the S locus and recombination is suppressed in the S-locus region, it has been suggested that deleterious mutations could accumulate at genes linked to the S locus, generating a “sheltered load.” In this article, we first theoretically investigate the conditions generating sheltered load in SSI. We show that deleterious mutations can accumulate in linkage with specific S alleles, and particularly if those S alleles are dominant. Second, we looked for the presence of sheltered load in Arabidopsis halleri using CO2 gas treatment to overcome self-incompatibility. By examining the segregation of S alleles and measuring the relative fitness of progeny, we found significant sheltered load associated with the most dominant S allele (S15) of three S alleles tested. This sheltered load seems to be expressed at several stages of the life cycle and to have a larger effect than genomic inbreeding depression.
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Stone, J. L. „Sheltered load associated with S-alleles in Solanum carolinense“. Heredity 92, Nr. 4 (04.02.2004): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800425.
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Callejas, Ivan Julio Apolonio, Luciane Cleonice Durante, Emeli Lalesca Aparecida da Guarda und Raquel Moussalem Apolonio. „Thermal Performance of Partially Bermed Earth-Sheltered House: Measure for Adapting to Climate Change in a Tropical Climate Region“. Proceedings 58, Nr. 1 (17.11.2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wef-06919.
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This study addresses passive adaptation strategies to reduce the effects of global warming on housing, focusing on low-income houses, for which passive adaptation strategies should be prioritized, aiming for environmental sustainability. The passive strategy chosen is thermal mass for cooling, through the adoption of earth-sheltered walls in contact with the ground. Thus, the goal of this study is to evaluate the thermal load and thermal impact of implementing a thermal mass strategy for cooling, using bermed earth-sheltered walls in bedrooms, for a building located in a tropical climate region. For that, a base scenario (1961–1990) is considered alongside two future scenarios: 2020 (2011 to 2040) and 2050 (2041 to 2070), both considering the effects of climate change, according to the Fourth Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The methodologies adopted are (i) the computational simulation of the annual thermal load demand and (ii) the quantification of the Cooling Degree-Hours (CDH) with the subsequent comparative analysis. The results show that in both the 2020 and 2050 scenarios there will be an increase in the thermal loads for cooling and the CDH, regardless of using a bermed earth-sheltered wall. Nonetheless, it is shown that this passive strategy works as a global warming adaptation measure, promoting building sustainability in tropical climate regions.
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Croce, Pietro, Paolo Formichi und Filippo Landi. „Probabilistic Assessment of Roof Snow Load and the Calibration of Shape Coefficients in the Eurocodes“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 7 (26.03.2021): 2984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11072984.
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In modern structural codes, the reference value of the snow load on roofs is commonly given as the product of the characteristic value of the ground snow load at the construction site multiplied by the shape coefficient. The shape coefficient is a conversion factor which depends on the roof geometry, its wind exposure, and its thermal properties. In the Eurocodes, the characteristic roof snow load is either defined as the value corresponding to an annual probability of exceedance of 0.02 or as a nominal value. In this paper, an improved methodology to evaluate the roof snow load characterized by a given probability of exceedance (e.g., p=0.02 in one year) is presented based on appropriate probability density functions for ground snow loads and shape coefficients, duly taking into account the influence of the roof’s geometry and its exposure to wind. In that context, the curves for the design values of the shape coefficients are provided as a function of the coefficient of variation (COVg) of the yearly maxima of the snow load on the ground expected at a given site, considering three relevant wind exposure conditions: sheltered or non-exposed, semi-sheltered or normal, and windswept or exposed. The design shape coefficients for flat and pitched roofs, obtained considering roof snow load measurements collected in Europe during the European Snow Load Research Project (ESLRP) and in Norway, are finally compared with the roof snow load provisions given in the relevant existing Eurocode EN1991-1-3:2003 and in the new version being developed (prEN1991-1-3:2020) for the “second generation” of the Eurocodes.
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Larsson, Gustaf, Per Johan Gustafsson, Erik Serrano und Roberto Crocetti. „Duration of load behaviour of a glued shear plate dowel joint“. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 78, Nr. 1 (05.11.2019): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-019-01474-z.
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Abstract An experimental study on the duration of load effects in a glued shear plate dowel joint was conducted. The joint design features a single large diameter dowel for load transfers between members, via external steel plates, which are bonded to the timber with a low stiffness bond line. Due to the low bond line stiffness, the timber element is subjected to a close to uniform shear stress distribution over the bond area. The study comprises a total of 80 test specimens loaded in shear, both parallel and perpendicular to the grain, at three load levels in the range of 50–80% of the short-term failure load. All specimens failed within approximately 110 days in outdoor sheltered conditions during which time deformations were recorded for one specimen of each type and load level. The study found a significantly larger influence of duration of load for this dominant shear action than what is reported in the literature for bending tests. The method of ranked stress was used to determine a suggested reduction factor kmod for the shear plate dowel joint to 0.10 and 0.30 for parallel and perpendicular loading, respectively. This is a rough estimate based upon a 50-year extrapolation of 4-month data. Thus, it must be concluded that the studied shear plate dowel joint is not efficient in terms of long-duration loads in outdoor sheltered climate, and that further studies are needed in order to verify the use in other climates. It is also evident in this study that there is a lack of knowledge and empirical evidence on the duration of load effects in timber for shear loading.
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Gafter, Roy, und Nitai Drimer. „A Design Method to Assess the Primary Strength of the Delta-Type VLFS“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, Nr. 9 (18.09.2021): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9091026.
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Very large floating structure (VLFS) is a sustainable concept centered around creating solid platforms at sea. The Delta is a new type of VLFS, designed to withstand open-sea conditions and to form, in addition to a broad deck areas, a sheltered basin of year-round operability. The design of this unique hull relies on direct calculations in order to identify critical load cases and assess their load effects. This study formulates a theoretical procedure for the initial assessment of the primary strength. The procedure analytically integrates the floatation loads while the hull rests at hydrostatic equilibrium on a wave surface and obtains the vertical and horizontal bending moment. This preliminary assessment tool enables a fast review of many load cases and provides the basic insights necessary for a reasonable initial design. Using the procedure, we conducted a primary load assessment for the design of Delta. By calculating the load response to 588 load cases, we identified the critical load scenario and the maximal axial stress. As the stress was too high, we improved the geometry in order to reduce loads and assessed proper scantlings for the critical section. We present the formulation of the procedure, the validation of the results, and the implementation for the structural design of the Delta VLFS.
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Yu, Qian-Qian, Xiang Li und Xiang-Lin Gu. „Durability of concrete with CFRP wrapping“. MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 09009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819909009.
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Carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) material has a high strength-to-weight ratio and good resistance to corrosion and environmental attacks. It has been widely used in rehabilitation of aged infrastructure. However, the durability of the strengthened system has not been yet assessed thoroughly since most of the previous study was conducted based on accelerated tests while the long-term investigation was less reported. This paper investigated the effect of CFRP wrapping on the axial behaviour of concrete cylinders subjected to different environments for more than 13 years. The specimens were exposed to five different conditions, including standard curing, immersion in distilled water, immersion in saturated Na2SO4 solution, outdoor sheltered from the rain, and outdoor without shelter from the rain. Axial compression tests were performed on the wrapped concrete cylinders. The load-bearing capacity and stress-strain responses were recorded. It was found that CFRP wrapping could effectively improve the ultimate strength and ductility of the columns. Though scatter existed, no significant effect of the environmental exposure on the load-bearing capacity of the cylinder specimens was observed which indicates a good durability of the strengthening system.
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Keightley, Peter D. „Nature of Deleterious Mutation Load in Drosophila“. Genetics 144, Nr. 4 (01.12.1996): 1993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.4.1993.
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Much population genetics and evolution theory depends on knowledge of genomic mutation rates and distributions of mutation effects for fitness, but most information comes from a few mutation accumulation experiments in Drosophila in which replicated chromosomes are sheltered from natural selection by a balancer chromosome. I show here that data from these experiments imply the existence of a large class of minor viability mutations with approximately equivalent effects. However, analysis of the distribution of viabilities of chromosomes exposed to EMS mutagenesis reveals a qualitatively different distribution of effects lacking such a minor effects class. A possible explanation for this difference is that transposable element insertions, a common class of spontaneous mutation event in Drosophila, frequently generate minor viability effects. This explanation would imply that current estimates of deleterious mutation rates are not generally applicable in evolutionary models, as transposition rates vary widely. Alternatively, much of the apparent decline in viability under spontaneous mutation accumulation could have been nonmutational, perhaps due to selective improvement of balancer chromosomes. This explanation accords well with the data and implies a spontaneous mutation rate for viability two orders of magnitude lower than previously assumed, with most mutation load attributable to major effects.
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Mena-Alí, Jorge I., Lidewij H. Keser und Andrew G. Stephenson. „The effect of sheltered load on reproduction in Solanum carolinense, a species with variable self-incompatibility“. Sexual Plant Reproduction 22, Nr. 2 (06.01.2009): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00497-008-0092-x.
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Ye, Xin, Bo Shan, Qian Yue und Zhenyu Wang. „Long-term behavior of connections for glubam-concrete composite beams“. MATEC Web of Conferences 275 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927501001.
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Glubam-concrete composite (BCC) structure is a construction technique where glue-laminated bamboo beam is connected to an upper concrete slab using different types of connectors. The long-term behavior and creep mechanism of BCC system are very complex due to different time-dependent behavior of three components. This paper performed a series long-term push-out tests on four types of connections under static load. The tests lasted for a period of seven months in uncontrolled sheltered indoor condition. Important results such as the relative slip-time curves are presented in order to characterize time-dependent behavior of connectors. Furthermore creep coefficient constitutive models are provided for predicting the long-term behavior of connections.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Sheltered load":
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Le, Vève Audrey. „Balancing selection, genetic load and dominance between self-incompatibility alleles in Arabidopsis : an empirical and theoretical study of this ménage à trois“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR006.
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L'auto-incompatibilité sporophytique est un système génétique empêchant l'autofécondation par reconnaissance du soi. Chez de nombreuses espèces, ce système est contrôlé par un locus unique, le locus S, composé de deux gènes liés codant pour les protéines de reconnaissance du pistil et du pollen. Le locus d'auto-incompatibilité est un cas classique d'une forme particulière de sélection équilibrante appelée sélection fréquence dépendante négative. Cette forme de sélection est censée provoquer une accumulation de polymorphisme dans les régions flanquantes du locus S, y compris des mutations délétères. Chez les Brassicacea, ce système présente une hiérarchie de dominance linéaire entre les allèles S. Ce réseau de dominance est contrôlé par des interactions entre les allèles S. Ce réseau de dominance est contrôlé par des interactions entre les petits ARN liés aux allèles S dominants et leurs séquences cibles sur les allèles récessifs du gène contrôlant les spécificités polliniques SCR. Il est prédit que le niveau de dominance a un effet sur l'accumulation de polymorphismes dans les régions immédiatement liées au locus S, avec une accumulation plus importante de la charge génétique par les allèles S dominants que par les allèles S récessifs.Dans mon projet de thèse, j'ai d'abord étudié l'effet de la sélection équilibrante au locus S sur le polymorphisme dans les régions flanquantes afin de déterminer l'ampleur du pic de polymorphisme et de caractériser ses propriétés moléculaires. J'ai utilisé les données de reséquençage du génome entier de plusieurs populations d'A. halleri et d'A. lyrata pour déterminer spécifiquement la distance chromosomique jusqu'à laquelle l'effet du locus S peut encore être observé. J'ai observé une augmentation du polymorphisme dans les premiers 25kb autour du locus S, principalement expliquée par une augmentation de la proportion de sites polymorphes.J'ai ensuite testé si la dominance des allèles S influence la charge génétique qu'ils accumulent. J'ai combiné une approche génomique utilisant des trios parents-descendant pour mettre en phase les haplotypes liés au locus S et comparer le nombre de mutations délétères liées aux allèles S dominants vs récessifs, avec une approche phénotypique pour mesurer expérimentalement l'impact de cette charge génétique protégée. J'ai démontré que la dominance favorise des profils contrastés de la charge génétique entre les allèles S récessifs et dominants.Enfin, j'ai utilisé une approche de modélisation basée sur des simulations stochastiques pour prédire l'évolution du réseau de dominance entre les allèles S, en prenant explicitement en compte les interactions entre les petits ARN et leurs cibles SCR. Mes résultats montrent que les mutations ont des probabilités de fixation différentes selon qu'elles se produisent sur des allèles S dominants ou récessifs, et aussi selon qu'elles touchent le locus producteur de petits ARN ou ses sites cibles. La distribution de la charge génétique abritée entre les allèles S dominants et récessifs est également un déterminant important de l'évolution du réseau de dominanceSporophytic self-incompatibility is a genetic system preventing self-fertilization by self-recognition. In many species, this system is controlled by a single locus, the S-locus, composed of two linked genes coding for the pistil and pollen recognition proteins. The self-incompatibility locus is a classical case of a particular form of balancing selection called negative frequency dependent selection. This form of selection is predicted to cause an accumulation of polymorphism in the flanking regions of the S-locus, including sheltered deleterious mutations. In the Brassicacea, this system exhibits a linear dominance hierarchy between S-alleles. This dominance network is controlled by interactions between small RNAs linked to dominant S-alleles and their target sequences on recessive alleles of the gene controlling the pollen specificities SCR. The dominance level is predicted to have an effect on the accumulation of polymorphisms in regions immediately linked to the S-locus, with a higher accumulation of the genetic load sheltered by dominant S-alleles than by recessive S-alleles.In my PhD project, I first studied the effect of balancing selection at the S-locus on polymorphism in the flanking regions in order to determine the magnitude of the peak of polymorphism and to characterize its molecular properties. I used whole genome resequencing data from several populations of A. halleri and A. lyrata to specifically determine the chromosomal distance up to which the effect of the S-locus can still be observed. I observed an increase of polymorphism in the first 25kb around the S-locus, mainly explained by an increase of the proportion of polymorphic sites.I then tested if dominance of the S-alleles influences the genetic load they accumulate. I combined a genomic approach using parent-offspring trios to phase haplotypes and compare the number of deleterious mutations linked to dominant vs. recessive S-alleles, with a phenotypic approach to experimentally measure the severity of the load. I demonstrated that dominance promotes contrasted profiles of the genetic load between the recessive and the dominant S-alleles.Finally, I used a modeling approach based on stochastic simulations to predict the evolution of the dominance network between S-alleles, taking interactions between small RNAs and their SCR targets explicitly into account. My results show that mutations have different fixation probabilities according to whether they occur on dominant vs. recessive S-alleles, and also whether they hit the small RNA producing locus or its target sites. The distribution of the sheltered genetic load between dominant and recessive S-alleles is also an important determinant of the evolution of the dominance network
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Kapoor, Hitesh. „Nonlinear Dynamic Response of Flexible Membrane Structures to Blast Loads“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41238.
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The present work describes the finite element (FE) modeling and dynamic response of lightweight, deployable shelters (tent) to large external blast loads. Flexible shelters have been used as temporary storage places for housing equipments, vehicles etc. TEMPER Tents, Small Shelter System have been widely used by Air Force and Army, for various field applications. These shelters have pressurized Collective Protection System (CPS), liner, fitted to the frame structure, which can provide protection against explosives and other harmful agents. Presently, these shelter systems are being tested for the force protection standards against the explosions like air-blast. In the field tests carried out by Air Force Research Laboratory, it was revealed that the liner fitted inside the tent was damaged due to the air blast explosion at some distant from the structure, with major damage being on the back side of the tent. The damage comprised of tearing of liner and separation of zip seals. To investigate the failure, a computational approach, due to its simplicity and ability to solve the complex problems, is used.
The response of any structural form to dynamic loading condition is very difficult to predict due to its dependence on multiple factors like the duration of the loading, peak load, shape of the pulse, the impulse energy, boundary conditions and material properties etc. And dynamic analysis of shell structures pose even much greater challenge. Obtaining solution analytically presents a very difficult preposition when nonlinearity is considered. Therefore, the numerical approach is sought which provide simplicity and comparable accuracy.
A 3D finite element model has been developed, consisting of fabric skin supported over the frames based on two approaches. ANSYS has been used for obtaining the dynamic response of shelter against the blast loads. In the first approach, the shell is considered as a membrane away from its boundaries, in which the stress couple is neglected in its interior region. In the second approach, stress coupling is neglected over the whole region. Three models were developed using Shell 63, Shell 181 and Shell 41. Shell 63 element supports both the membrane only and membrane-bending combined options and include stress stiffening and large deflection capabilities. Shell 181 include all these options as Shell 63 does and also, accounts for the follower loads. Shell 41 is a membrane element and does not include any bending stiffness. This element also include stress stiffening and large deflection capabilities.
A nonlinear static analysis is performed for a simple plate model using the elements, Shell 41 and Shell 63. The membrane dominated behavior is observed for the shell model as the pressure load is increased. It is also observed that the higher value of Young's modulus (E) increases the stresses significantly.
Transient analysis is a method of determining the structural response due to time dependent loading conditions. The full method has been used for performing the nonlinear transient analysis. Its more expensive in terms of computation involved but it takes into account all types of nonlinearities such as plasticity, large deflection and large strain etc. Implicit approach has been used where Newmark method along with the Newton-Raphson method has been used for the nonlinear analysis. Dynamic response comprising of displacement-time history and dynamic stresses has been obtained. From the displacement response, it is observed that the first movement of the back wall is out of the tent in contrast to the other sides whose first movement is into the tent. Dynamic stresses showed fluctuations in the region when the blast is acting on the structure and in the initial free vibration zone.
A parametric study is performed to provide insight into the design criteria. It is observed that the mass could be an effective means of reducing the peak responses. As the value of the Young's Modulus (E) is increased, the peak displacements are reduced resulting from the increase in stiffness. The increased stiffness lead to reduced transmitted peak pressure and reduced value of maximum strain. But a disproportionate increase lead to higher stresses which could result in failure. Therefore, a high modulus value should be avoided.Master of Science
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Štramberský, Martin. „Návrh předpjaté nádrže“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226967.
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The matter of this diploma thesis is a static storage tank for petroleum substances, the study of a solution for appropriate shape of shell and its effort to dihedral for roofing, and the study of effect of the storage of inner roofs walls of the tank to the size of the internal forces. The internal walls are carried out by the method of finite elements in the engineering program Scia Engineering 2013 and on the basis of it, designing of the framing sections of the tank. There is a calculation part of the lower horizontal bias wreaths of the shell and internal supporting wall. All the components are assessed on the 1st limit state of the load-bearing capacity and the 2nd limit state of the application (emergence cracks, limiting voltage in the concrete and a prestressing steel). The existing external wall is assessed only on the marginal status load of carrying capacity. The part of diploma thesis is also drawing documentation, accompanying report and technical report. The goal of the diploma thesis was to design the tank without an occurrence of the cracks in the concrete so as the vertical wall was prestressing only in the horizontal direction and the optimal proposal roof tanks as an addition.
Bücher zum Thema "Sheltered load":
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Night, Starla. Sheltered by the Sea Lord. Independently Published, 2021.
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Capp, Bernard. The Sisters’ World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823384.003.0005.
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The chapter’s main focus is the bond of friendship and support, both practical and emotional, among sisters at all levels of society. It is found that it was reflected in help during and after childbirth, taking in a young nephew or niece, providing shelter from an abusive husband, or (for the more literate) maintaining close links by letters. At the lower levels of society, support might include the loan of clothes, patching up a sister’s marital relationship, and physical violence directed against a personal enemy. Even young spinsters could have agency. The chapter also explores the contrasting evidence of rivalry and resentment. In some families, competition for the affection of parents or brothers can be traced. In others, tensions over seniority, sexual rivalry, or conflict over money, are found especially in the context of inheritance and unequal portions.
Buchteile zum Thema "Sheltered load":
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Inchbald, Elizabeth. „Chapter VIII“. In A Simple Story. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199554720.003.0056.
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The companions and counsellors of Lord Margrave, who had so prudently advised gentle methods in the pursuit of his passion, while there was left any hope of their success; now, convinced there was none, as strenuously commended open violence;—and sheltered under the consideration, that...
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„THE LORD SHELTERS HIS FAIFHFUL IN HIS TEMPLE“. In The Psalter. Book One (Ps 1-41), 353–422. Peeters Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1vwbt81.13.
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Haffenden, John. „‘Owl Empson’“. In William Empson, 67–97. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199276592.003.0004.
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Abstract Praetoria House School stood on the western outskirts of Folkestone, near to Shorncliffe camp where troops were assembled before embarking for France. German pilots braved the Channel from Belgium, piloting small planes called Taubes (‘Crows’) with the intention of dropping a few bombs on London: if they had any left over after the dicey run across Kent and Sussex, or failed to reach the capital, they would dump their lethal cargo on Shorncliffe, Folkestone, or Dover. The school headmaster, as soon as he detected the high-pitched hum of an aeroplane, would fetch out a whistle that sounded like a siren and give several loud blasts; everyone would drop everything and make a mad dash for the air-raid shelter under the cricket pavilion.
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Clorinda Matto De, Turner. „31“. In Torn From the Nest, herausgegeben von John H. R. Polt, 167–71. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195110067.003.0058.
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Abstract Manuel’s journey was a happy one. It seemed as though the winged gods of Love and Marriage had allowed their balsam breath to fall on the snowy peaks and the prairies that he crossed on the train, unaware of the dangers that only days before had threatened the Marin family and with it his Margarita, that hymn of tenderness rising from the most delicate cords of his heart as from the Aeolian harp played by the angels of Happiness as they beat their ethereal wings over the immense plain. He, too, glimpsed the longed-for city in the Andean valley, which for him was the empress of the world because it sheltered the queen of his heart. He arrived; he took a room in the Casino Rosado, hurried through the necessary grooming, changed his clothes, and dashed off to the Imperial, saying to himself, “Thank you, Lord! I’m going to see her! How true it is that at the age of twenty our blood is hot and can bear no delay! Not one more day can I put off turning my dreams of happiness into reality... but... should I speak to Don Fernando right away? Ah, this need for prudence that holds back the impulses of our soul! During these days of her absence jealousy has already stung me with its poisoned barb.
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Bakin, Kyokutei. „Chapter XVI“. In Eight Dogs, or "Hakkenden", 17–40. Cornell University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501773891.003.0002.
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This chapter details Ōtsuka Bansaku Kazumori's escape from the battlefield and his travels to many roads over the course of a day and a night while bearing many wounds. In the hermitage that Bansaku took shelter, he heard the priest Bungyū and a maiden talking and realized the man plans to murder him in secret and take his belongings. Bansaku was able to kill the evil monk and spared the life of the maiden, who was then revealed to be Tatsuka, the daughter of Lord Tanzō Naohide of the I. The chapter recounts how Bansaku and Tatsuka fled Nenge Hermitage that was then consumed by flames when Tatsuka neglected to put out the fire when they left. It mentions Ōtsuka Shōsaku's daughter Kamezasa, who had been living unobtrusively for many years with her mother and displayed no concern for the plight of her family in being besieged.
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Lesch, Charles H. T. „Solidarity in a Secular Age“. In Solidarity in a Secular Age, 182—C6.P59. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197583791.003.0007.
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Abstract What does it feel like for an ordinary person to show solidarity with others? How does he experience his self’s passage through sacrifice, fate, and destiny? And can he do so without the shelter of a pristine ideal, in a world marked by complexity and contradiction? Philosophy—dedicated to abstraction and logical consistency—cannot fully answer these questions. Perhaps literature can. George Eliot’s Daniel Deronda offers readers an array of moral types: Mirah Lapidoth, a young girl whose vulnerability awakens Deronda’s moral energies; Mordechai Cohen, a prophetic figure who gives those energies a definite shape; Lord Grandcourt, a domineering antiethicist; and Gwendolen Harleth, an unformed ego at the crossroads between selfishness and altruism. Its special quality is to reveal how concepts are worked out in practice, how ethical ideals respond not to thought-experiments but a real world suffused by power. And it is Eliot’s careful orchestration of these tensions that makes Deronda an ideal study in how we might achieve solidarity in a secular age.
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Magezi Elijah, Baloyi. „Land Redistribution: A Thorny Issue towards Reconciliation in a Post Apartheid South Africa: A Practical Theological Perspective1“. In Sustainability, Ecology, and Religions of the World [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104380.
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South Africa is a country with a history of racial divides and those divides are still visible today. One of the many issues that characterise such divisions is inequality with regard to land ownership. The bigger part of the land is still owned by the minority white people while the blacks, who are the majority; or previously disadvantaged people, are still landless. This is evident from the escalation of informal settlements in areas surrounding the cities of Johannesburg and Pretoria, which have millions of black people cramped into small areas in shacks while most whites are enjoying large portions of land with few people to live on it. Many black people even lack land for shelter. On the other hand, the message of reconciling the country is being made loud to both who has the land and those who do not have it. Therefore, it becomes a serious challenge to imagine and look for reconciling strategies while these two camps still have this unresolved issue. The dilemma that is faced with is how will the different camps embrace the same message while they remain in these different situations. It is argued in this article that justice on the land issue should be first attended to so that it serves as a door to reconciliation.
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Zahavi, Amotz Avishag. „Prey-Predator Interactions“. In The Handicap Principle, 3–14. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195100358.003.0001.
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Abstract Babblers move around their territory during the day, looking for food on the ground among the desert trees and bushes. One of the group often perches on a treetop, acting as sentinel. When the sentinel, or any other babbler, sees a bird of prey, or raptor, in the distance, it emits a loud “bark.” Upon hearing such barks, babblers often raise their heads and scan the sky. If the raptor is far away and does not pose any immediate danger to the feeding group, they go on searching for food. But when an abrupt, frightened bark indicates imminent danger, the birds, including the sentinel, immediately jump for cover. Often, however, precisely after such a fright, the entire group goes up to the top of the tree in which they have taken shelter and joins the sentinel in barking and calling loudly. In most studies of animal behavior such vocalizations are classified as warning calls, issued by animals to others of their species. That idea has a certain superficial plausibility. But years of observation raised so many puzzling questions that we finally dared ask ourselves whether the calls were indeed meant as warnings. The barks ring out before the raptor has had any chance to notice the group or pose any danger to it.
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Barusch, Amanda Smith. „The Aging Self“. In Love Stories of Later Life, 41–60. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195314045.003.0003.
Annotation:
Abstract The senior center nestles midblock in a neighborhood of small shops, restaurants, and historic homes. The parking lot is tiny. (Most people walk or take the bus.) The landscaping is meticulously groomed, with a profusion of plants. (Senior volunteers have their way with it, and the staff respect their gardening expertise.) Just before lunch, the foyer bustles with arrivals. Some cling to walkers, a few sit in wheelchairs, but most people move briskly. Announcements litter an overstuffed bulletin board, and newspapers and magazines are free for the taking. A placard near the sign-in sheet proclaims, “Old age ain’t for sissies!” The activities schedule reveals a lecture Wednesday by a local professor on the roots of terrorism; the tai chi class meets three times a week; this month’s service project is collecting books for the school in the homeless shelter; and bingo is not even offered. The cafeteria is noisy, and loud greetings echo off the walls. The crowd is mostly female, with hugs and pats for everyone. The afternoon chef (a young, overwhelmed staff member) comes out for her applause, then everyone digs in. Those who are diabetic skip dessert, but the rest of the food disappears. The room empties quickly as people head off to the afternoon’s activities. An ancient man naps in the corner.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Sheltered load":
1
Holboke, Monica J., und Robert G. Grant. „Accuracy Effects of Low Frequency Wave Loads on Ships Offshore to LNG Marine Terminal Design“. In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51488.
Annotation:
This paper presents the results of a two-body analysis for a moored ship sheltered by a breakwater in shallow water with and without free surface forcing in the low frequency wave load calculation. The low frequency wave loads are determined by second order interactions from the first order. The free surface forcing term arises from the free surface boundary condition, which is trivial to first order but is not at second order. We demonstrate in the frequency domain the importance of this term in a two-body analysis. Additionally, we show how inaccurate calculations of the off-diagonal terms of the Quadratic Transfer Function can translate to over or under prediction of low frequency wave loads on moored ships sheltered by breakwaters in shallow water. Low frequency wave load accuracy has direct consequence for LNG marine terminal design. Generally, LNG marine terminals are sited in sheltered harbors, however increasingly they are being proposed in offshore locations where they will require protection from persistent waves and swells. Since breakwaters typically cost twice as much as the rest of the marine facilities, it is important to optimize their size, orientation and location. In a previous paper we described this optimization process [1], which identified a key step to be the transforming of waves just offshore the breakwater into wave loads on the moored ships. The ability to do this step accurately is of critical importance because if the loads are too large, the breakwater will be larger and more expensive than necessary and if the loads are too small, the terminal will experience excessive downtime and loss of revenue.
2
Koster, Vincent, Kees Jan Vermeulen und Peter Kortekaas. „Offshore Use of Floating Sheerlegs“. In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49394.
Annotation:
The floating sheerlegs of SMIT are used for a large variety of tasks in sheltered, near shore as well as offshore environments. Generally the tasks vary from recovering operations (salvage) to inshore installation work. Originally, the usage of floating sheerlegs was driven by their robustness, needed for recovering work and shallow draft, needed for working near shore. In the past years the sheerlegs of SMIT became increasingly utilized for installation work offshore. As a result, the need for more detailed analysis showing the feasibility, related safety and reliability of operations emerged. In the engineering phase of such offshore installation projects these aspects are analyzed for each operational phase from load-out, towage to offshore lifting and installation. This paper addresses the crucial elements that need to be addressed when a floating sheerlegs is utilized for offshore installation work. The engineering topics that will be discussed in this paper are stability, strength and multi body dynamics. To demonstrate the relevance and validity of the discussed topics, an offshore installation project is analyzed in terms of measured motions and wave conditions.
3
Jensen, O̸sten, Anders Sunde Wroldsen, Pa˚l Furset Lader, Arne Fredheim, Mats Heide und Vegar Johansen. „Tensegrity Structures in the Design of Flexible Structures for Offshore Aquaculture“. In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29735.
Annotation:
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food producing sector in the world. Considerable interest exists in developing open ocean aquaculture in response to a shortage of suitable, sheltered inshore locations. The harsh weather conditions experienced offshore lead to a focus on new structure concepts, remote monitoring and a higher degree of automation in order to keep the cost of structures and operations within an economically viable range. This paper proposes tensegrity structures in the design of flexible structures for offshore aquaculture. The finite element analysis program ABAQUS™ has been used to investigate stiffness properties and performance of tensegrity structures when subjected to various forced deformations and hydrodynamic load conditions. The suggested concept, the tensegrity beam, shows promising stiffness properties in tension, compression and bending, which are relevant for development of open ocean aquaculture construction for high energy environments. When designing a tensegrity beam, both pre-stress and spring stiffness should be considered to ensure the desired structural properties. A large strength to mass ratio and promising properties with respect to control of geometry, stiffness and vibration could make tensegrity an enabling technology for future developments.
4
Wang, Jinxi, Lingyu Sun, Lijun Li und Jianyu Duan. „Structural Design and Performance Analysis of a Deployable Vehicle Shelter With Hybrid FRP Composites and Aluminum“. In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10703.
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Abstract As a movable workspace, a deployable vehicle shelter has the advantages of easy transportation, good environmental adaptability, convenient maneuverability and large expansion space. Therefore, it has been widely applied in engineering rescue, medical security, living reserve, building, tourism and other fields. This paper aims to design the structure of a lightweight shelter assembly whose deployable mechanism is proposed for multi-level deployable vehicle shelter and whose steel frame and outer panel are replaced by aluminum and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites to reduce the weight of shelter. Additionally, the structural strength and stiffness are analyzed by the finite element method (FEM) under typical operation loads, such as bending, torsion, hard brake, turn, as well as modal analysis. This study could contribute to the knowledge for the lightweight design and engineering application of deployable vehicle shelters.
5
Luo, Michael Y. H., David Edelson, Jianan (Jay) Wan, Jiulong Sun und Sina Hassanaliaragh. „Improvements in Heavy Topside Installation Onto Spar Hull by Catamaran Floatover Method“. In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10017.
Annotation:
The Murphy Kikeh Spar in Malaysia was the first Spar to employ a catamaran floatover method to install the topsides onto the Spar hull at the platform offshore location. The single column hull of the Spar dictates that the most practical way to float a topsides onto the Spar hull is by use of a catamaran system where the topsides structure forms a connection between the twin barges. For the Kikeh Spar the topside was first loaded out onto a single barge before being transferred to the catamaran system. The transfer operation was performed in sheltered waters. After the transfer and installation of the seafastening, the topside was towed to the installation site. The transfer of the topside weight was accomplished by deballasting the Spar and no quick release mechanism was used in the separation of the topside from the catamaran barges. While the operations described were successfully implemented for the 4,000 MT Kikeh topside in a relative mild environment, improvements are recommended to perform this operation for heaver topsides in harsher environments such as the Gulf of Mexico. This paper summarizes an internal study by Technip to extend and improve the floatover installation of Spar topsides to the Gulf of Mexico. This paper presents a step-by-step overview of an improved process for the installation of topsides having transportation weights of up to 25,000 ST. Similarities and improvements compared with Kikeh floatover installation will be discussed with particular focus on the following areas: 1. A new method of loading out of the topsides from the fabrication yard directly to the catamaran barges, requiring only one operation and eliminating the need for a transfer barge. 2. Specific Catamaran Ocean tow design and analysis considerations for the Gulf of Mexico. This addresses the effects of the harsher environment on the barges, grillage and topsides structure. A novel method of preloading the catamaran system is presented that reduces or, in some instances, eliminates the requirement for additional topside steel weight to accommodate additional motion-induced dynamic loads on the catamaran system during the ocean tow. The preloading also eliminates the risk associated with the operation of cutting tied-down braces. 3. A quick load release system is described which enables the rapid separation of the barges from the topside following the appropriate level of topside load transfer to the Spar hull.
6
Jacobsen, V., M. B. Bryndum und C. Bonde. „Fluid Loads on Pipelines: Sheltered or Sliding“. In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/6056-ms.
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Muralidharan, Bharathkrishnan, Feroz Ahamed Iqbal Mariam, Abhilash Ramachandran Menon, Venkata Naga Poornima Mynampati, Dereje Agonafer und Mark Hendrix. „CFD Modeling of Environmental System Options Used for Cooling of Telecommunication Shelters“. In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23280.
Annotation:
Telecommunication shelters form an important component at different levels of the wireless access network. They are commonly used as transmission hubs and base transceiver stations. The telecom shelter protects wireless transmitters and receiver electronics in the wireless network. They are stand-alone, modular structures that are supported with their own electrical and HVAC systems. Based on their locations they are designed to work over a wide range of environmental conditions with temperatures ranging from −40°C to 55°C and may be exposed to high humidity, and saline and corrosive environments. Cooling/heating systems typically consume 30% of the energy required to operate a wireless cell site. There is, therefore, an impetus to embark on initiatives to reduce this percentage as part of an effort to both save money, and to reduce the carbon footprint. In this paper various thermal design options to cut down on cooling/heating energy loads for these shelters are discussed. The effect of substituting active cooling/heating equipments used in shelter with a hybrid one. The hybrid cooling system consists of both the air conditioner and a blower. CFD analysis is performed to compare these designs and come up with a robust design solution. The best cooling methodology showed an energy saving of 40% with minimal impact on design temperature.
8
Peters, Onno A. J., und René H. M. Huijsmans. „Prediction of Relative Vertical Motion Between Cargo and HTV During Offshore Loading and Discharge“. In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61306.
Annotation:
In Heavy Marine Transport, it is common practice to dry-transport large and heavy floating offshore structures. In general, loading and discharge of these floating cargoes on- and from heavy transport vessels is done at sheltered locations, like harbors, where sea-state and swell conditions are insignificant. Often these locations are at large distance from operating fields of the offshore structures, which means that the structures need to be towed from- or to these fields. To save time and costs, it is beneficial to perform the loading and discharge operations in the field. This necessitates a reconsideration of the maximum allowable wave conditions such as to perform the loading- and discharge operations within specified time frame whilst ensuring safety of crew, cargo and heavy transport vessel. Therefore accurate prediction tools to determine the relative motions between heavy transport vessel and cargo are required. In the past, studies have shown that standard prediction tools over-estimate relative vertical motions compared to model tests and practical experience. This paper discusses the prediction of relative vertical motion, which is dominated by the phenomenon squeeze flow. From model tests and CFD calculations non-linear hydrodynamic loads related to squeeze flow are recognized. Standard linearized solutions do not cover the non-linear loads and therefore result in a lack of accuracy in predicting the relative vertical motions. Linearized solutions assume small motion amplitudes with respect to characteristic dimensions of the flow problem; in the case of squeeze flow this assumption is not valid as the motion amplitude may be in the same order as the gap between cargo bottom and the deck of the heavy transport vessel. With linearized potential solvers it is found that the added mass is strongly dependent on the gap height, which verifies the analytical work of Molin et al. [1]. Following the work of Molin, the change in added mass due to changing gap height gives a large contribution to the non-linear hydrodynamic load. Additionally, a second important contribution is related to the relative vertical velocity, recognized as a drag component. As such, a non-linear formulation is found which can be used in a time-domain approach. This formulation requires gap-height dependent added mass as found using the linearized potential solver. As potential solvers are known to have difficulty dealing with the small gap, different methods have been investigated. Results of model tests and CFD calculations are shown, which are used to tune the non-linear formulation. Tuning is done by adapting the drag component. Furthermore, results of a multi-body problem based on standard linear hydrodynamics and the non-linear formulation are compared.
9
Peters, Onno A. J., und René H. M. Huijsmans. „Reducing Relative Horizontal Motion Between Cargo and HTV During Offshore Loading and Discharge“. In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61311.
Annotation:
In Heavy Marine Transport it is common practice to dry-transport large and heavy floating offshore structures. In general, loading and discharge of these floating cargoes on- and from heavy transport vessels is done at sheltered locations like harbors where sea-state and swell conditions are insignificant. Often these locations are at large distance from operating fields of the offshore structures, which means that the structures need to be towed from- or to these fields. To save time and costs, it is beneficial to perform the loading and discharge operations in the field. This necessitates a reconsideration of the maximum allowable wave condition such as to perform the loading- and discharge operations within specified time frame whilst ensuring safety of crew, cargo and heavy transport vessel. Since precise positioning of the cargo on the HTV cribbing beams is of importance to support the cargo on its structural strong points, the allowed relative horizontal motion during loading or discharge operations is limited to a fraction of the width of these cribbing beams. When increasing the maximum allowable wave conditions, relative horizontal motions between heavy transport vessel and cargo easily exceed these limits if only the standard handling equipment is used. Also, the loads in the handling equipment may exceed safe limits. This paper presents two methods including complementary equipment to reduce- and limit the relative horizontal motions. The first method is based on increasing the stiffness of the connection between cargo and heavy transport vessel. This means that there is a transition from a soft (standard handling) system with a low natural frequency to a stiff (clamping) system with high natural frequency. During this transition the system natural frequency will coincide with the wave frequent excitation force. Resonant behavior during the transition is avoided as the complementary equipment also employs a damping force. The second method is based on a closed-loop controller applied to the desired relative horizontal position. The resulting desired load to control the relative horizontal motion is then allocated to several line tension actuators. Contradictory to well-known Dynamic Positioning systems which control low frequent motions, motion control during offshore loading and discharge is performed on wave frequent behavior. This implies that the line tension actuators also need to deliver loads within a wave frequent time-frame. In fact, the peak tension needs to be obtained within a quarter of a wave period. System design and simulation results are presented. Depending on the cargo type, different solutions and operational aspects are discussed. Simulations are done for a typical cargo where both methods to reduce the relative horizontal motions are utilized.
10
Gupta, Aaron Das, und Henry L. Wisniewski. „Dynamic Overturning Response of an Army Vehicle Subjected to a Side-On Blast Overpressure“. In ASME 1991 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1991-0096.
Annotation:
Abstract The dynamic overturning response of combat vehicles and vehicles with electronic equipment shelters is of interest to the defense community since critical internal equipments can be damaged contributing to system malfunction and reduction of vehicle effectiveness which can jeopardize the mission. To overcome sensitivity of vehicles and associated equipments to overturning, the Army is actively engaged in a hardening program which will result in overturning mitigation. The current investigation is devoted to determination of overturning response and sliding motion of a specific Army vehicle i.e., HMMWV jeep and the S-250 shelter assembly subjected to side-on diffraction and drag loads from a 10 psi blast overpressure. Assemblage of aerodynamic box models has been configured to represent the two vehicles and the generated models have been run upto 1.6 s using MINITRUCK which is an implicit two-dimensional version of a flexible multibody dynamics code available at the Ballistic Research Laboratory. The study indicates large sliding and overturning response of these vehicles in the absence of restraints and demonstrates the need for stabilization and overturning mitigation using outrigger pairs, cables, guywires and other active devices attached to the vehicle body.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Sheltered load":
1
Chan, Wanyu R., und Michael D. Sohn. Computing Toxic Load for Shelter-in-Place Analysis Using Joint Urban 2003. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juni 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1196773.
2
Godfrey, Thomas A. Verification of Dynamic Load Factor for Analysis of Airblast-Loaded Membrane Shelter Panels by Nonlinear Finite Element Calculations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238939.