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1
Koning, A. V. de. Finite element analyses of stable crack growth in thin sheet material. Amsterdam: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1985.
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2
Forrer, Jann. The structure and turbulence characteristics of the stable boundary layer over the Greenland ice sheet. Zurich: Geographisches Institut ETH, 1999.
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3
Munchie's Best Day ... EVER!!: A Mouse-stonishing Christmas Tale. Victoria, Canada: First Choice Books, 2010.
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4
C, Newman J., und Langley Research Center, Hrsg. Analyses of buckling and stable tearing in thin-sheet materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.
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Analyses of buckling and stable tearing in thin-sheet materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.
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Stable tearing behavior of a thin-sheet material with multiple cracks. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.
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7
Simon, Gleeson. Part V Liquidity and Leverage, 22 Liquidity Coverage Ratio and Net Stable Funding Ratio. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0022.
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This chapter discusses the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR). The LCR is designed to make sure that the bank has sufficient liquidity to survive short-term shocks; the NSFR is designed to make sure that the bank's balance sheet is not too excessively mismatched between long- and short-term funding. In essence, LCR is a requirement that the bank has sufficient liquid assets to get through a 30-day period of high stress, whilst NSFR is a requirement that the bank's long-term assets be substantially funded by long-term liabilities. Both of these tests require some heroic assumptions about access to funding, likely roll-off of liabilities, and so on.
8
C, Newman J., Bigelow C. A und Langley Research Center, Hrsg. Three-dimensional CTOA and constraint effects during stable tearing in a thin-sheet material. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.
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C, Newman J., Bigelow C. A und Langley Research Center, Hrsg. Three-dimensional CTOA and constraint effects during stable tearing in a thin-sheet material. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.
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Three-dimensional CTOA and constraint effects during stable tearing in a thin-sheet material. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.
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Three-dimensional CTOA and constraint effects during stable tearing in a thin-sheet material. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.
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12
A, Sutton M., und Langley Research Center, Hrsg. Crack-tip opening angle measurements and crack tunneling under stable tearing in thin sheet 2024-T3 aluminum alloy. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.
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Crack-tip opening angle measurements and crack tunneling under stable tearing in thin sheet 2024-T3 aluminum alloy. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.
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A, Sutton M., und Langley Research Center, Hrsg. Crack-tip opening angle measurements and crack tunneling under stable tearing in thin sheet 2024-T3 aluminum alloy. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1993.
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15
Stanford, Charles Villiers. Stabat Mater - A Symphonic Cantata - For Soli, Chorus and Orchestra - Sheet Music for Pianoforte - Op.96. Classic Music Collection, 2018.
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16
Papadia, Francesco, und Tuomas Vӓlimӓki. Central Banking during the Great Recession. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806196.003.0003.
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Monetary policy before the Great Recession rested on three unacknowledged assumptions: first, the central bank could effectively control a short-term rate; second, this short-term rate had a stable relationship with longer/riskier rates; third, the central bank could move the short-term rate up or down as needed. In one or the other phase of the Great Recession one or more of these assumptions no longer held. The Fed and the ECB reacted to these difficulties, adding balance sheet management to their weaponry. After the failure of Lehman Brothers, measures of financial stress exploded and the banking sector was affected by an acute lack of liquidity, large losses, a disproportion between diminished capital and a riskier balance sheet, low profitability, enhanced competition of shadow banks, deleveraging, and difficulties in raising new capital. The Fed and the ECB could address some, but not all, of these problems.
17
Dubey, J. P. Toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis, isosporosis, and cyclosporosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0054.
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Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. It is widely prevalent in humans and animals throughout the world, especially in the western hemisphere. Virtually all warm-blooded animals can act as intermediate hosts but the life cycle is completed only in cats, the definitive host. Cats excrete the resistant stage of T. gondii (oocysts) in faeces, and oocysts can survive in the environment for months. Humans become infected congenitally, by ingesting undercooked infected meat, or by ingesting food and water contaminated with oocysts from cat faeces. It can cause mental retardation and loss of vision in congenitally infected children and deaths in immunosuppressed patients, especially those with AIDS. There is no vaccine to control toxoplasmosis in humans at the present time but one is available for reduction of fetal losses in sheep.
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Bomberger, E. Douglas. Preparation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872311.003.0010.
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The Fifteenth Regiment’s disciplined response to racial harassment during a two-week stay at Camp Wadsworth, in Spartanburg, South Carolina, earned it the right to be among the first units ordered to France. Nick LaRocca represented the Original Dixieland Jazz Band in a Chicago lawsuit to stop the unauthorized publication of the sheet music to “Livery Stable Blues” by former bandmate “Yellow” Nunez, but the judge ruled that all blues were the same and therefore not subject to copyright protection. The Victor Talking Machine Company, using the Boston Symphony Orchestra and the Philadelphia Orchestra, made the first recordings employing the full symphony orchestra. The concert seasons of orchestras across the country opened amid intense scrutiny of their repertoire choices and patriotism.
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Werth, Paul. Religion. Herausgegeben von Simon Dixon. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199236701.013.005.
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Given its ruling status under the old regime and the sheer numbers of its adherents, Orthodoxy has enjoyed an especially prominent place in Russian history. But Russia’s non-Orthodox religions have been equally important for their smaller communities and have been implicated in Russian politics, both internal and external, in profound ways. Drawing on recent scholarship about a long neglected field, this chapter explores the interplay between the many faiths and denominations represented in Russia and the Soviet Union. It focuses in turn on the relationship between the state and religious institutions, on local religious communities, both real and imagined, and on the ways in which lived religion proved remarkably adaptable to change and fundamentally compatible with modernity.
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Trudell, Scott A. Occasion. Herausgegeben von Henry S. Turner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199641352.013.12.
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This chapter examines the volatility of occasional entertainments in space and time as a reflection of how adaptable the conventions of early modern theatre could be. It considers how occasional entertainments, fully interactive with the richly physical and symbolic ecologies around them, reveal the role of a fixed stage in the design and procurement of early modern theatricality. It shows that poetic verse was a relatively insignificant element in the entertainments, pageants, and Lord Mayors shows of the period and explains how print became a way to transform the contingencies of occasion into an enduring ‘poesy’: in print, the noise, rain, mud, crowds, bored monarchs, tired children, and sheer formal incoherence of the event all resolved into a grand and silent art.
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Fontana, Biancamaria. Germaine de Staël and Modern Politics. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691169040.003.0011.
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This concluding chapter explains how Staël belonged, by education and by intellectual choice, to the party of those who preferred to think of change and reform in some continuity with the past. She thought there were limits to what the magic of speed and novelty could achieve, limits inscribed within the very identity of modern commercial society: the bonds dictated by public credit and international markets, those set by the rules of limited government, and the constraints created by the emerging aspirations of European peoples to decide their own destiny. However, the Revolution had shown her only too clearly how very wide the gap was between what the laws of progress dictated, on the one hand, and, on the other, what sheer political will could achieve.
22
Yancy, George. The Violent Weight of Whiteness. Herausgegeben von Naomi Zack. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190236953.013.14.
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What is the lived experience of the black male body within the context of white America in the twenty-first century? How can we describe the deep existential and psychic dimensions of black male bodies as they negotiate their lives within the context of white hegemony? How do their bodies continue to be truncated according to a distorted and racist imago in the white imaginary? The black male body, within the context of this white imaginary, constitutes a site of “contamination.” As such, then, within the white body politic, black male bodies are thereby always already targets of the state, deemed “criminals,” “monsters,” and “thugs.” Textual testimony, coupled with social, political, and existential phenomenological analyses, demonstrates the sheer gravity of being black and male in a mythical postrace America.
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Mattes, Robert, und Alejandro Moreno. Social and Political Trust in Developing Countries. Herausgegeben von Eric M. Uslaner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013.10.
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From a modernization perspective, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America—two of the poorest regions in the world—conform to one another in that citizens of both regions express very low levels of horizontal, generalized interpersonal trust. Indeed, these two regions are among the least trusting societies in the world. Both are low in terms of “bridging” trust, and both also have high degrees of particularized “bonding” trust. However, these regions differ sharply with respect to vertical, institutional trust. People in sub-Saharan Africa express relatively high levels of trust in national institutions; and Latin Americans offer very low levels of trust, with many expressing sheer cynicism. Finally, the data at hand reveal few important linkages between levels of trust in government or the state and various facets of democratic citizenship.
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Miller, David, Claire Harkins, Matthias Schlögl und Brendan Montague. The addiction thought collective: How think tanks foster addiction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198753261.003.0005.
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The rise of think tanks is a key development in the evolution of policy networks. The sheer scale and reach of think tanks is underappreciated: for example, the European Policy Institutes Network has a membership of at least 500 think tanks. In Europe, the conversation about the relationship between think tanks, new policy elites, and the politics of expertise is still at an early stage. Think tanks, however, are widely held to play a fundamental role in the politics of expertise in Brussels. In this chapter we first examine how think tanks appear in our network data and then review the activities and role of five central think tanks in the Brussels arena. Our data show that, empirically speaking, think tanks are an important and underappreciated element of the architecture of corporate policy action in relation to tobacco, alcohol, food, and gambling products.
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Forst, Rainer. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798873.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter presents some general remarks on the design of a comprehensive program of critical analysis of social orders of justification, exploring what it means to regard such an undertaking as “critical.” The critical theory this volume seeks to formulate is a connection between reflection in philosophy and in social science, and it is informed by an interest in emancipation. This theory inquires into the rational form of a social order that is both historically possible and normatively justified in general terms. At the same time, this theory asks why the existing power relations within (and beyond) a society prevent the emergence of such an order. Given the sheer volume of ideas and disciplines thus involved in this theory, the chapter attempts to summarize its major points to set the stage for more specialized discussion in the succeeding chapters.
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Chekhov, Leonid. Two-dimensional quantum gravity. Herausgegeben von Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik und Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.30.
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This article discusses the connection between large N matrix models and critical phenomena on lattices with fluctuating geometry, with particular emphasis on the solvable models of 2D lattice quantum gravity and how they are related to matrix models. It first provides an overview of the continuum world sheet theory and the Liouville gravity before deriving the Knizhnik-Polyakov-Zamolodchikov scaling relation. It then describes the simplest model of 2D gravity and the corresponding matrix model, along with the vertex/height integrable models on planar graphs and their mapping to matrix models. It also considers the discretization of the path integral over metrics, the solution of pure lattice gravity using the one-matrix model, the construction of the Ising model coupled to 2D gravity discretized on planar graphs, the O(n) loop model, the six-vertex model, the q-state Potts model, and solid-on-solid and ADE matrix models.
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Platte, Nathan. In the Selznick Family Tradition. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371112.003.0002.
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This chapter begins with David Selznick’s apprenticeship in silent cinema under his father, Lewis J. Selznick, in New York. As with other directors and producers who learned film in the silent era, Selznick’s early experiences shaped his attitude to cinema, even long after the introduction of sound. This chapter argues that musical traces from Lewis J. Selznick’s films, such as sheet-music tie-ins from War Brides (directed by Herbert Brenon, 1916), and the father’s tense relationship with New York’s musically effusive exhibitor, Samuel “Roxy” Rothafel, are critical for understanding David Selznick’s use of music in later films as means for reconciling aesthetic and commercial aims. The chapter concludes with Selznick’s work at Paramount, the studio at which Selznick gleaned many important lessons concerning music in early sound films. A discussion of Selznick’s Four Feathers and The Dance of Life prepares the stage for the producer’s bolder musical operations at RKO.
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Swanepoel, R., und J. T. Paweska. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0033.
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Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute disease of humans, caused by a tick-borne virus which is widely distributed in eastern Europe, Asia and Africa. Cattle, sheep and small mammals such as hares undergo inapparent or mild infection with transient viraemia, and serve as hosts from which the tick vectors of the virus can acquire infection. Despite serological evidence that there is widespread infection of livestock in nature, infection of humans is relatively uncommon. Humans acquire infection from tick bite, or from contact with infected blood or other tissues of livestock or human patients, and the disease is characterized by febrile illness with headache, malaise, myalgia, and a petechial rash, frequently followed by a haemorrhagic state with necrotic hepatitis. The mortality rate is variable but averages about approximately 30 per cent. Inactivated vaccine prepared from infected mouse brain was used for the protection of humans in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union in the past, but the development of a modern vaccine is inhibited by limited potential demand. The voluminous literature on the disease has been the subject of several reviews from which the information presented here is drawn, except where indicated otherwise (Chumakov 1974; Hoogstraal 1979; 1981; Watts et al. 1989; Swanepoel 1994; 1995; Swanepoel and Burt, 2004; Burt and Swanepoel, 2005; Whitehouse 2004; Ergunol and Whitehouse 2007; Ergunol 2008).
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Siklos, Pierre L. Moderation Before the Storm. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190228835.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an overview of the macroeconomic environment since 2000. The era is broken down into three periods: 2000–2006, 2007–2010, and 2011–present. Warnings of an imminent crisis were present before 2007, but generally they were ignored by self-satisfied policymakers. Pre-crisis, inflation control was the once rising and, seemingly, preeminent monetary policy strategy. A review, both pre- and post-GFC, of a wide variety of macroeconomic and financial indicators is included, with discussion of lesser known variables such as proxies for central bank communication and balance sheet indicators. These clearly enable us to identify interventions by central banks while also highlighting areas of continuing concern. In some respects (e.g. concerns about financial stability), everything has changed post-crisis, but in other respects (e.g. monetary policy strategy) fewer changes are apparent. The chapter concludes by arguing that there are reasons to be apprehensive about the current state of monetary policy and central banking.
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Griffiths, Jay. Tristimania. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801900.003.0002.
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This chapter uses theBlack Hole as a metaphor for depression based on personal experience with the disease. Like a Black Hole, depression consumes and contorts time. Depression sucks an entire human life into itself, the chapter states. Nothing can withstand its relentless tug into sheer black nothingness; it is a force field of pure negativity, a Black Hole. Depression slows one’s sense of time as—in what is called ‘gravitational time dilation’—an object falling into a Black Hole appears to slow down as it approaches the event horizon, taking an infinite time to reach it. The chapter describes the condition when in a depressed state and says depression is an illness which seems to punish the sufferer with isolation, noting that isolation is different from loneliness and solitude. The chapter also suggests that animals are like the opposite of a Black Hole; for example, cats can be extremely important to someone who is depressed.
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Overy, Richard. Interwar, War, Postwar: Was there a Zero Hour in 1945? Herausgegeben von Dan Stone. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560981.013.0003.
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When World War II ended in Europe, many assumed that the sheer level of destruction, hatred, and fear unleashed by the conflict would produce a Europe even worse than the one they recalled from the 1930s. Only in Germany was the moment captured linguistically, in the concept of Stunde Null, hour zero, for the German population almost certainly expected the worst from the catastrophic defeat of Adolf Hitler's Reich. The Cold War and racial realities of Europe between 1945 and 1949 contributed to the idea that the two German states created in 1949, the Federal Republic in the West and the Democratic Republic in the East, were new experiments in democratic politics quite distinct from the legacy of a united Germany since 1871. Much of the historical literature on European economic recovery has focused on West German revival. The gulf between the years of recession, poor trade, state restrictions, and planning for war in the 1930s, and the booming consumer and construction sectors in the 1950s, made it evident that something changed dramatically in 1945.
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Mayes, David G., Pierre L. Siklos und Jan-Egbert Sturm, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Central Banking. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190626198.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Central Banking covers a wide range of central bank topics, including governance, independence, balance-sheet and crisis management, and the challenges in macroeconomic modeling. The book is intended as an up-to-date reference for the current and potential challenges faced by central banks in the conduct of monetary policy and in the search for the maintenance of financial system stability. The approach involves a wide variety of views about the past and present behavior and performance of central banks around the world, with the aim of providing a state-of-the-art perspective on the likely future challenges to be faced by this critical institution. Clearly, one of the motivations for the book is the great financial crisis of 2007–2009. Nevertheless, several of the themes covered and analyzed in the book predate the crisis. The aftermath of the crisis also raised new questions about the scope, influence, and response of central banks to a changing macroeconomic landscape. These developments also figure prominently in the book.
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Hope, Anthony. The Prisoner of Zenda. Herausgegeben von Nicholas Daly. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198841098.001.0001.
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‘If love were the only thing, I would follow you-in rags if need be ... But is love the only thing?’ Anthony Hope's The Prisoner of Zenda is a swashbuckling adventure set in Ruritania, a mythical pocket kingdom. Englishman Rudolf Rassendyll closely resembles the King of Ruritania, and to foil a coup by his rival to the throne, he is persuaded to impersonate him for a day. However, Rassendyll's role becomes more complicated when the real king is kidnapped, and he falls for the lovely Princess Flavia. Although the story is set in the near past, Ruritania is a semi-feudal land in which a strong sword arm can carry the day, and Rassendyll and his allies fight to rescue the king. But if he succeeds, our hero and Flavia will have to choose between love and honour. As Nicholas Daly's introduction outlines, this thrilling tale inspired not only stage and screen adaptations, but also place names, and even a popular board game. A whole new subgenre of ‘Ruritanian romances’ followed, though no imitation managed to capture the charm, exuberance, and sheer storytelling power of Hope's classic tale.
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Swanepoel, R., und J. T. Paweska. Rift Valley fever. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0043.
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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute disease of domestic ruminants in mainland Africa and Madagascar, caused by a mosquito borne virus and characterized by necrotic hepatitis and a haemorrhagic state. Large outbreaks of the disease in sheep, cattle and goats occur at irregular intervals of several years when exceptionally heavy rains favour the breeding of the mosquito vectors, and are distinguished by heavy mortality among newborn animals and abortion in pregnant animals. Humans become infected from contact with tissues of infected animals or from mosquito bite, and usually develop mild to moderately severe febrile illness, but severe complications, which occur in a small proportion of patients, include ocular sequelae, encephalitis and fatal haemorrhagic disease. Despite the occurrence of low case fatality rates, substantial numbers of humans may succumb to the disease during large outbreaks. Modified live and inactivated vaccines are available for use in livestock, and an inactivated vaccine was used on a limited scale in humans with occupational exposure to infection. The literature on the disease has been the subject of several extensive reviews from which the information presented here is drawn, except where indicated otherwise (Henning 1956; Weiss 1957; Easterday 1965; Peters and Meegan 1981; Shimshony and Barzilai 1983; Meegan and Bailey 1989; Swanepoel and Coetzer 2004; Flick and Bouloy 2005). In September 2000, the disease appeared in south-west Saudi Arabia and adjacent Yemen, and the outbreak lasted until early 2001 (Al Hazmi et al. 2003; Madani et al. 2003; Abdo-Salem et al. 2006). The virus was probably introduced with infected livestock from the Horn of Africa, and it remains to be determined whether it has become endemic on the Arabian Peninsula.
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Donovan, Therese, und Ruth M. Mickey. Bayesian Statistics for Beginners. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841296.001.0001.
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Bayesian Statistics for Beginners is an entry-level book on Bayesian statistics. It is like no other math book you’ve read. It is written for readers who do not have advanced degrees in mathematics and who may struggle with mathematical notation, yet need to understand the basics of Bayesian inference for scientific investigations. Intended as a “quick read,” the entire book is written as an informal, humorous conversation between the reader and writer—a natural way to present material for those new to Bayesian inference. The most impressive feature of the book is the sheer length of the journey, from introductory probability to Bayesian inference and applications, including Markov Chain Monte Carlo approaches for parameter estimation, Bayesian belief networks, and decision trees. Detailed examples in each chapter contribute a great deal, where Bayes’ Theorem is at the front and center with transparent, step-by-step calculations. A vast amount of material is covered in a lighthearted manner; the journey is relatively pain-free. The book is intended to jump-start a reader’s understanding of probability, inference, and statistical vocabulary that will set the stage for continued learning. Other features include multiple links to web-based material, an annotated bibliography, and detailed, step-by-step appendices.
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Morieux, Renaud. The Society of Prisoners. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723585.001.0001.
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War captivity is an ideal observatory to address three interrelated questions. First, I argue that in order to understand what a prisoner of war was in the eighteenth century, from a legal viewpoint, we must forget what we know about this notion, as it has been shaped by twentieth-century international conventions. In the eighteenth century, the distinction between a prisoner of war, a hostage, a criminal and a slave was not always clear-cut, in theory and even more so in practice. Second, war captivity tells us something important about the eighteenth-century state, how it transformed itself, and why it endured. The third approach is a social history of international relations. The aim here is to understand how eighteenth-century societies were impacted by war: how the detention of foreign enemies on home soil revealed and challenged social values, representations, hierarchies, and practices. The book’s argument hinges on the experience of prisoners of war as the pivot of social relations within and outside the prison, between Britons and French and between prisoners and host communities. War does not simply destroy society, but it also creates new sorts of social ties.The book addresses a wide range of topics, such as the ethics of war, philanthropy, forced migrations, the sociology of the prison and the architecture of detention places. One of its strengths is the sheer magnitude and diversity of the archival material used, in English and in French, most of which have been little explored by other historians.
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Radu, Roxana. Negotiating Internet Governance. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833079.001.0001.
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What is at stake for how the Internet continues to evolve is the preservation of its integrity as a single network. In practice, its governance is neither centralized nor unitary; it is piecemeal and fragmented, with authoritative decision-making coming from different sources simultaneously: governments, businesses, international organizations, technical and academic experts, and civil society. Historically, the conditions for their interaction were rarely defined beyond basic technical coordination, due at first to the academic freedom granted to the researchers developing the network and, later on, to the sheer impossibility of controlling mushrooming Internet initiatives. Today, the search for global norms and rules for the Internet continues, be it for cybersecurity or artificial intelligence, amid processes fostering the supremacy of national approaches or the vitality of a pluralist environment with various stakeholders represented. This book provides an incisive analysis of the emergence and evolution of global Internet governance, unpacking the complexity of more than 300 governance arrangements, influential debates, and political negotiations over four decades. Highly accessible, this book breaks new ground through a wide empirical exploration and a new conceptual approach to governance enactment in global issue domains. A tripartite framework is employed for revealing power dynamics, relying on: (a) an extensive database of mechanisms of governance for the Internet at the global and regional level; (b) an in-depth analysis of the evolution of actors and priorities over time; and (c) a key set of dominant practices observed in the Internet governance communities. It explains continuity and change in Internet-related negotiations, opening up new directions for thinking and acting in this field.
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Woźniak, Monika, und Maria Wyke, Hrsg. The Novel of Neronian Rome and its Multimedial Transformations. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867531.001.0001.
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When in 1905 the Polish writer Henryk Sienkiewicz was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature ‘for outstanding services as an epic writer’, it was his novel Quo vadis. A Narrative of the Time of Nero that motivated the committee to bestow this notable honour. The extraordinary international success of Quo vadis catapulted the author into literary stardom, placing him at the top of international league tables for the sheer quantity of his readers. But, before long, the historical novel began to detach itself from the person of its author and to become a multimedial, mass–culture phenomenon. In the West and East, Quo vadis was adapted for the stage and screen, provided the inspiration for works of music and other genres of literature, was transformed into comic strips and illustrated children’s books, and was cited in advertising and referenced in everyday objects of material culture. No work in English to date has explored in depth the mechanisms that released Quo vadis into mass circulation and the influence that its diverse spin-off forms exercised on other areas of culture—even on the reception and interpretation of the literary text itself. In the context of a robust scholarly interest in the processes of literary adaptation and classical reception, and set alongside the recent emergence of interest in the ‘Ben-Hur tradition’, this volume provides a coherent forum for a much-needed exploration, from various disciplinary and national perspectives, of the multimedial transformations of Quo vadis. Uniquely, also, for its English-speaking readers this collection of essays renders more visible the cultural conquests achieved by Poland on the world map of classical reception.
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Searle, Mike. Colliding Continents. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199653003.001.0001.
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The Himalaya is the greatest mountain range on Earth: the highest, longest, youngest, the most tectonically active, and the most spectacular of all. Unimaginable geological forces created these spectacular peaks. Indeed, the crash of the Indian plate into Asia is the biggest known collision in geological history, giving birth to the Himalaya and Karakoram, one of the most remote and savage places on Earth. In this beautifully illustrated book, featuring spectacular color photographs throughout, one of the most experienced field geologists of our time presents a rich account of the geological forces that were involved in creating these monumental ranges. Over three decades, Mike Searle has transformed our understanding of this vast region. To gather his vital geological evidence, he has had to deploy his superb skills as a mountaineer, spending weeks at time in remote and dangerous locations. Searle weaves his own first-hand tales of discovery with an engaging explanation of the processes that formed these impressive peaks. His narrative roughly follows his career, from his early studies in the north west Himalaya of Ladakh, Zanskar and Kashmir, through several expeditions to the Karakoram ranges (including climbs on K2, Masherbrum, and the Trango Towers, and the crossing of Snow Lake, the world's largest ice cap outside polar regions), to his later explorations around Everest, Makalu, Sikkim and in Tibet and South East Asia. The book offers a fascinating first-hand account of a major geologist at work-the arduous labor, the eureka moments, and the days of sheer beauty, such as his trek to Kathmandu, over seven days through magnificent rhododendron forests ablaze in pinks, reds and white and through patches of bamboo jungle with hanging mosses. Filled with satellite images, aerial views, and the author's own photographs of expeditions, Colliding Continents offers a vivid account of the origins and present state of the greatest mountain range on Earth.
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Raymer, Michael. Quantum Physics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190250720.001.0001.
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Around 1900, physicists started to discover particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons, and with these discoveries they believed they could predict the internal behavior of the atom. However, once their predictions were compared to the results of experiments in the real world, it became clear that the principles of classical physics and mechanics were far from capable of explaining phenomena on the atomic scale. With this realization came the advent of quantum physics, one of the most important intellectual movements in human history. Today, quantum physics is everywhere: it explains how our computers work, how radios transmit sound, and allows scientists to predict accurately the behavior of nearly every particle in nature. Its application led to the recent discovery of the Higgs Boson, and continues to be fundamental in the investigation of the broadest and most expansive questions related to our world and the universe. However, while the field and principles of quantum physics are known to have nearly limitless applications, the reasons why this is the case are far less understood. In “Quantum Physics: What Everyone Needs to Know,” Michael Raymer distills the basic principles of such an abstract field, and addresses the many ways quantum physics is a key factor in today’s scientific climate and beyond. The book tackles questions as broad as the definition of a quantum state and as specific and timely as why the British government plans to spend 270 million GBP on quantum technology research in the next five years. Raymer’s list of topics is diverse, and showcases the sheer range of questions and ideas in which quantum physics is involved. From applications like data encryption and micro-circuitry to principles and concepts like Absolute Zero and Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle, “Quantum Physics: What Everyone Needs to Know” is wide-reaching introduction to a nearly ubiquitous scientific topic.
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Parkinson, Michael, John P. Dalton und Sandra M. O’Neill. Fasciolosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0079.
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Liver fluke disease, or fasciolosis, of livestock and humans is caused by endoparasitic trematodes of the genus Fasciola. Fasciola hepatica is responsible for the disease in temperate climates whereas F. gigantica is found in tropical zones. Recently, hybrids between F. hepatica and F. gigantica have been described (Le et al. 2008, Periago et al. 2008). Fasciolosis is a true zoonoses as it is predominantly a disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans at a specific stage of the parasite’s complex life cycle. There are a number of definitive hosts which includes sheep, cattle, and humans but this parasite has evolved to infect many other mammalian hosts including pigs, dogs, alpacas, llamas, rats, and goats (Apt et al. 1993; Chen and Mott 1990; Esteban et al. 1998). While prevalence of infection in humans may be relatively low in relation to animals, in specific geographic locations, for example in Bolivia, the prevalence of fasciolosis is so high in the human populations (hyperendemic) that it contributes to the spread of disease in animals (Esteban et al. 1999; Mas-Coma et al. 1999).Archeological studies showing Fasciola eggs in ancient mummies in Egypt demonstrate that fasciolosis is an ancient human disease (David 1997). Sporadic cases of fasciolosis were reported in Egypt in 1958 (Kuntz et al. 1958). The first to carry out an extensive review on human fasciolosis were Chen and Mott (1990). They reported 2,595 cases in over 40 countries in Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa and the western Pacifi c from 1970 – 1990. This review raised awareness of fasciolosis in humans and triggered a growth in epidemiological studies and a consequential dramatic increase in reporting of cases in the literature. Now human fasciolosis is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an important disease in humans with an estimated 2.4 million people infected annually and 180 million at risk to infection in over 61 countries (Haseeb et al. 2002). There have been several cases of large scale epidemics in France (Dauchy et al. 2007), Egypt (Curtale et al. 2007) and Iran (Rokni et al. 2002).However, the only extensive epidemiological studies to determine the rate of infection have been carried out in Egypt and Bolivia (Curtale et al. 2003, 2007; Esteban et al. 2002; Parkinson et al. 2007). These studies have shown that co-infection with other diseases is a common occurrence and this may lead to under-reporting of the incidence of fasciolosis (Esteban et al. 2003; Maiga et al. 1991). In many countries, the overall rates of infection are extrapolated from sporadic reports of the disease and, consequently, worldwide disease prevalence is uncertain. In this chapter we will review the cause and effect of human fasciolosis, and particularly highlight important considerations in designing control strategies to reduce infection in at-risk communities.