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1
Park, Dong-Soo, Ronald J. Sayler, Yeon-Gyu Hong, Min-Hee Nam und Yinong Yang. „A Method for Inoculation and Evaluation of Rice Sheath Blight Disease“. Plant Disease 92, Nr. 1 (Januar 2008): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-1-0025.
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Sheath blight of rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most important rice diseases worldwide; however, no rice cultivar has been found to be completely resistant to this fungus. To facilitate detailed analysis of sheath blight resistance at genetic, molecular, biochemical, and functional genomic levels, new methods were developed for effective and uniform infection and accurate evaluation of the disease. The efficiency of R. solani infection was tested on two resistant (Tetep and Jasmine 85) and two susceptible (Chucheongbyeo, Junambyeo) cultivars using three different inoculum types (agar block, liquid cultured mycelia ball, and mycelia suspension). By covering the inoculated sheaths with aluminum foil to maintain humidity, 100% infection rate was achieved in this study. Liquid cultured mycelia balls caused significantly longer lesions (5.4 cm) than other types of inoculum, including agar block (2.4 cm) and mycelia suspension (1.6 cm). An improved method for evaluating sheath blight disease was selected by comparing two methods for evaluating disease severity among three partially resistant cultivars and five susceptible cultivars inoculated with liquid cultured mycelia balls. In addition, a new formula was developed to calculate the disease susceptibility index. Lesion length and the susceptibility index generally were correlated in each leaf, but there were discrepancies between the two evaluation methods due to differences in plant architecture among the cultivars. The susceptibility index calculated using the new formula was the most accurate method for evaluating sheath blight disease across all cultivars. The effect of heading date and panicle number also was evaluated in relation to sheath blight resistance. Cultivars with late heading dates generally were more resistant to sheath blight than those with early heading dates.
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Soenartiningsih, Soenartiningsih, Nurasiah Djaenuddin und M. Sujak Saenong. „Efektivitas Trichoderma sp. dan Gliocladium sp. sebagai Agen Biokontrol Hayati Penyakit Busuk Pelepah Daun pada Jagung“. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 33, Nr. 2 (28.08.2014): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v33n2.2014.p129-135.
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Sheath blight is an important disease in corn. The disease could cause significant yield loss when infection occurs on susceptible varieties. Disease control using the microorganism antagonist is an alternative for disease management. Research was carried out in a laboratory, greenhouse and field from 2010 to 2012. The research objective was to compare several biological agents for controlling sheath blight disease on corn. In vitro laboratory tests identified that out of sixteen isolates of microorganisms, only 3 isolates which had the potency to suppress the pathogen of sheath blight over 50%, namely TT1; TM; and GM. Conidia development among the three isolates of microorganism the highest was by TT1. In the greenhouse, three isolates of microorganisms showed potential of decreasing sheath blight disease up to 70%. The Gliocladium isolates decreases the disease by 53%. Research results from the field indicated the antagonist had decreased sheath blight disease by 67%. Isolates of Trichoderma and Gliocladium fungus could reduce the yield loss by 23% by suppressing the infection of sheath blight disease.
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Reddy Kumar A. V., N. Kiran Kumar, V. B. Sanath Kumar, S. B. Yogananda, L. Vijaykumar und Yashwanth Gowda K. V. „Prevalence of Rice Sheath Blight Disease in Cauvery Command Area of Karnataka, India“. Advances in Research 25, Nr. 2 (12.02.2024): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2024/v25i21033.
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Among the various disease of rice, sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn has become one of the major fungal diseases covering different rice growing ecosystem of Cauvery command area of Karnataka. Roving disease survey was conducted during Kharif-2022 to know the occurrence and spread of sheath blight disease in Cauvery command area of Karnataka i.e. Mandya, Hassan, Mysuru and Chamarajnagara. Among the four districts surveyed, disease severity (%) was found highest in Hassan district with a mean disease severity of 22.86% which is followed by Mandya (19.90%), Mysuru (19.39%) and least disease severity was recorded in Chamarajnagara (12.54%). The high severity of sheath blight might be due to the highly favourable factors like high relative humidity, less temperature and water stagnation in these locations during the period of survey. Large scale cultivation of susceptible varieties as mono crop continuously on the same field might have increased the possibility of perpetuating the pathogen in the crop debris. This study can serve as basic to evaluate location specific integrated disease management strategy against sheath blight disease of rice.
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Khoa, Nguyễn Đắc, Phan Thị Hồng Thúy, Trần Thị Thu Thủy, David B. Collinge und Hans Jørgen Lyngs Jørgensen. „Disease-Reducing Effect of Chromolaena odorata Extract on Sheath Blight and Other Rice Diseases“. Phytopathology® 101, Nr. 2 (Februar 2011): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-10-0113.
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Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris) is a major cause of crop loss in intensive rice production systems. No economically viable control methods have been developed. We screened aqueous extracts of common herbal plants that could reduce sheath blight lesions and found that foliar spraying and seed soaking application of extracts of either fresh or dried leaves of Chromolaena odorata gave up to 68% reduction in sheath blight lesion lengths under controlled and semi-field conditions. The observed reductions were not dependent on growth conditions of C. odorata and rice cultivar. The effect was observed until 21 days after inoculation and was not dependent on microbial activity. Under semi-field conditions, extracts also reduced severity of other important rice diseases, i.e., blast (Pyricularia oryzae) using foliar spray (up to 45%), brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) using seed treatment (up to 57%), and bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) using both application methods (up to 50%).
5
Zhang, Guo Liang. „Silicon Mediated Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight by Increasing Ferulic Acid and Chlorogenic Acid“. Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (Juli 2012): 1274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1274.
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Silicon (Si) can enhance the resistance to rice sheath blight causing by Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani), but ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid involved in disease resistance with Si application on is scarcely known. The susceptible cultivar Ningjing 1 was selected to determine the effects of Si on disease index of rice sheath blight as well as if ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid were involved in disease resistance. The results showed that Si application reduced the disease index of sheath blight by 15.62. For uninoculated plants, Si application alone did not change the concentration of ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid significantly. For inoculated plants, Si application increased the concentration of ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid significantly. It is conclued that the important way of Si mediated resistance in rice against sheath blight is probably through increasing ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid.
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Sharma, Sonu, S. K. Tripathi, Anil Kumar Sharma, Smita Prajapati, Vedant Gautam und Prince Mahore. „Evaluation of Chemical Fungicides Against Sheath Blight Disease of Rice in India“. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, Nr. 3 (07.02.2024): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i34413.
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Sheath blight of rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, is emerging as a very destructive disease that causes significant yield losses. The present study was conducted at experimental field of College of Agriculture, Rewa, (M.P.) during 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Seven fungicide namely Flusilazole12.5%+carbendazim 25% SC, Azoxystrobin 18.2% w/w+difenoconazole 11.4 w/w SC, Azoxystrobin 11%+Tebuconazole 18.3% w/w SC, Tricyclazole 18%+ mancozeb 62%WP, Zineb 68% + hexaconazole 4% WP, Trifloxystrobin 25%+Tebuconazole 50%WG, Mancozeb 50%+carbendazim 25%WS, were tested for their efficacy to manage the sheath blight of rice. All the fungicide were found to reduce the sheath blight disease significantly. It can be concluded that among the tested fungicides, Azoxystrobin 11%+Tebuconazole 18.3% w/w SC was found highly effective for controlling sheath blight of rice.
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Di, Runze, Lun Liu, Noman Shoaib, Boai Xi, Qiyan Zhou und Guowu Yu. „Sheath Blight of Maize: An Overview and Prospects for Future Research Directions“. Agriculture 13, Nr. 10 (16.10.2023): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13102006.
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Sheath blight (ShB) of maize, as a soil-borne disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA, is one of the main obstacles for maintaining the sustainable production of maize. R. solani has a wide host range and low-resistance sources, there is a lack of resistant resources against ShB, and the damage caused by ShB cannot be effectively controlled. To effectively protect crops against ShB, it is necessary to combine information about its pathogenicity and about the disease prevention and control of the pathogenic fungus and to identify areas that require more in-depth research. While progress has been made in the identification of disease-related genes in corn and pathogens, their mechanisms remain unclear. Research related to disease control involves the use of agronomic methods, chemical control, biological control, and genetic improvement. Breeding and identification of high-resistant maize varieties are key and difficult points in the control of maize sheath blight. This article reviews the research progress of the symptoms, the pathogen’s biological characteristics, the infection process, the pathogenic mechanism, and comprehensive control of maize sheath blight disease and provides future research directions of maize sheath blight in China. It aims to provide reliable technical routes and research ideas for future crop-disease-resistance research, especially to sheath blight of maize.
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Yuan, De Peng, Chong Zhang, Zi Yuan Wang, Xiao Feng Zhu und Yuan Hu Xuan. „RAVL1 Activates Brassinosteroids and Ethylene Signaling to Modulate Response to Sheath Blight Disease in Rice“. Phytopathology® 108, Nr. 9 (September 2018): 1104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-18-0085-r.
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Rhizoctonia solani causes sheath blight disease in rice; however, the defense mechanism of rice plants against R. solani remains elusive. To analyze the roles of brassinosteroid (BR) and ethylene signaling on rice defense to R. solani, wild-type (WT) rice and several mutants and overexpressing (OX) lines were inoculated with R. solani. Mutants d61-1 and d2 were less susceptible to sheath blight disease, bri1-D was more susceptible, and ravl1 and d61-1/EIL1 Ri5 were similarly susceptible compared with WT. The double mutant ravl1/d61-1 was phenotypically similar to the ravl1 mutant. Transcriptome analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and transient assays indicted that RAVL1 might directly activate Ethylene insensitive 3-like 1 (EIL1), a master regulator of ethylene signaling. Mutants ers1 and d61-1/RAVL1 OX were resistant to sheath blight disease, whereas EIL1 RNAi mutants and RAVL1 OX were more susceptible than WT. BRI1 and D2 expression in EIL1 Ri5/RAVL1 OX and EIL1 expression in d61-1/RAVL1 OX indicated that RAVL1 activates BRI1/D2 and EIL1, respectively, independent of BR and ethylene signaling. Our analyses provide information on how BR and ethylene signaling regulate sheath blight disease and on the regulatory function of RAVL1 in rice sheath blight disease.
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Groth, D. E., und J. A. Bond. „Effects of Cultivars and Fungicides on Rice Sheath Blight, Yield, and Quality“. Plant Disease 91, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2007): 1647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-12-1647.
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The development of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)-resistant rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars will allow producers to use less fungicide and to avoid significant reductions in grain and milling yields. Among cultivars currently in cultivation in the southern United States rice-producing region, sheath blight resistance levels range from very susceptible to moderately susceptible. A study was conducted to determine the response of cultivars with different levels of susceptibility to sheath blight inoculations and fungicide applications and to determine the impact of sheath blight disease development on rice yield and quality. Sheath blight epidemics in field plots were initiated by inoculation at the panicle differentiation growth stage from 2003 through 2005. Azoxystrobin at 0.17 kg a.i. ha–1 and flutolanil at 0.56 kg a.i. ha–1 were applied in sequential applications at midboot and 50 to 70% heading. Inoculation significantly increased sheath blight severity and incidence and caused yield losses of 4% in moderately susceptible cv. Francis to 21% in very susceptible cv. Cocodrie. Milling yield was affected to a lesser extent. Fungicide treatments reduced sheath blight incidence and severity regardless of cultivar. Azoxystrobin was more effective than flutolanil in minimizing yield loss due to sheath blight in all cultivars except Francis.
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Li, Xiangying, Sujing Ma, Yuan Meng, Wei Wei, Chen Peng, Chunli Ling, Susu Fan und Zhenyu Liu. „Characterization of Antagonistic Bacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa ZYPP18 and the Effects on Plant Growth“. Plants 12, Nr. 13 (30.06.2023): 2504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12132504.
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Paenibacillus polymyxa is a plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that has significant biocontrol properties. Wheat sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis is a significant soil–borne disease of wheat that causes significant losses in wheat production, and the biological control against the disease has received extensive attention. P. polymyxa ZYPP18 was identified using morphological and molecular characterization. An antagonistic activity experiment verified that ZYPP18 inhibits the growth of R. cerealis on artificial growth media. A detached leaf assay verified that ZYPP18 inhibits the expansion of wheat sheath blight on the detached leaf. ZYPP18 has been found to possess plant growth–promoting properties, as well as the ability to solubilize phosphate and generate indole–3–acetic acid. Results from hydroponic experiments showed that wheat seedlings treated with ZYPP18 grew faster. Additionally, pot experiments and field experiments demonstrated that ZYPP18 effectively controls the occurrence of wheat sheath blight. ZYPP18 reduced the incidence of wheat sheath blight in wheat seedlings by 37.37% and 37.90%, respectively. The control effect of ZYPP18 on wheat sheath blight was 56.30% and 65.57%, respectively. These findings provide evidence that P. polymyxa ZYPP18 is an effective biological factor that can control disease and promote plant growth.
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Singh, Pooja, und Babu Subramanian. „Responses of rice to Rhizoctonia solani and its toxic metabolite in relation to expression of Osmyb4 transcription factor“. Plant Protection Science 53, No. 4 (30.08.2017): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/107/2015-pps.
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The reaction of IR 50, TRY 3, and IR 36 cultivars of rice to R. solani challenge, the causal agent of sheath blight, and its toxic metabolite was studied. Differential response of these cultivars to the pathogen and/or toxin inoculation was observed in detached leaf sheaths and greenhouse-grown plants. The observations were based on disease scoring, electrolyte leakage, and also microscopic views of infection cushions. The Osmyb4 gene expression was studied in the tissues from all these experiments and a correlation between the level of expression and disease response of the varieties was found at least in some experiments. The mechanisms regulated by Osmyb4 might have a lower but significant contribution to the tolerance of rice cultivars to sheath blight.
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Groth, D. E., und J. A. Bond. „Initiation of Rice Sheath Blight Epidemics and Effect of Application Timing of Azoxystrobin on Disease Incidence, Severity, Yield, and Milling Quality“. Plant Disease 90, Nr. 8 (August 2006): 1073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1073.
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The lack of sheath blight-resistant cultivars requires rice (Oryza sativa) farmers to use fungicides to control the disease and avoid significant reductions in grain and milling yield. Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) epidemics can begin over a period of weeks during the growing season, and initiation date can have significant effects on crop damage and fungicide application timing. Studies were conducted to determine how different epidemic initiation and azoxystrobin application timings affect disease development, rice yield, and milling quality. Sheath blight epidemics in field plots were initiated by inoculation at the green ring (GR), panicle differentiation (PD), early boot (EB), and late boot (LB) growth stages in 2002 to 2004. Azoxystrobin was applied to the foliage at 0.17 kg a.i. ha-1 at 7 days after PD (PD+7), midboot (B), and 50% heading (H). Inoculation significantly increased sheath blight severity and incidence and reduced yield and milling quality. There were no significant effects of inoculation timing at the GR, PD, EB, and LB growth stages. Fungicide applications made between PD+7 and H reduced sheath blight severity and incidence, resulting in higher yield and head rice milling yield compared with inoculated but nonsprayed plots.
13
Ali, Waqar, Aasma Fahad, Asim Mehmood, Aqsa Amin, Saif Ullah, Faisal Sohail Fateh und Muhammad Fayyaz. „Sheath Blight of Rice: A Review of Host Pathogen Interaction, Management Strategies and Future Prospects“. Plant Protection 7, Nr. 2 (29.08.2023): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33804/pp.007.02.4587.
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This review article delves into the impact, epidemiology, and management of sheath blight disease in rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, which is a pernicious pathogen causing severe quality and production losses globally. Rice is a staple crop for almost two-thirds of the world’s population, and sheath blight disease significantly affects rice cultivation in many countries, causing substantial annual losses in grain yield. The article provides comprehensive insight into the biology of the pathogen, including its host range, symptoms, disease cycle, and factors influencing its severity. In particular, the pathogen’s virulence factors and the underlying mechanisms of its pathogenesis are explored in detail. The review also highlights the significant economic implications of sheath blight disease in rice and the consequent impact on food security and the livelihoods of farmers. Various management strategies, including chemical, cultural, and biological control measures, are discussed in this manuscript. These strategies offer potential solutions to mitigate the devastating effects of sheath blight disease on rice crops. In particular, the review emphasizes the importance of integrated pest management strategies that combine multiple control measures, including the use of resistant cultivars, fungicides, and cultural practices, to achieve long-term sustainable management of the disease. The manuscript concludes with recommendations for farmers, researchers, and policymakers working in agriculture sector to combat the disease’s threat and reduce crop losses. The findings of this review article can serve as a valuable resource for stakeholders in the rice production industry to enhance their understanding of sheath blight disease and develop effective management strategies to protect the rice crop's health and yield.
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HASHIBA, Teruyoshi. „Ecological studies on rice sheath blight disease.“ Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 51, Nr. 3 (1985): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.51.252.
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Shivakumar und M. B. Patil. „Survey and Surveillance on Major Rice Diseases Severity in Karnataka, India“. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, Nr. 11 (11.11.2023): 2772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113445.
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Rice blast, sheath blight and Grain discoloration diseases of rice were becoming a serious threat to rice crop in Karnataka. The patterns of spatio-temporal distribution of disease incidence were examined in two seasons (Kharif 2012 and 2013) with main objective of statues of rice diseases in paddy growing areas of Karnataka and variability with climatic condition. Most of the fields in the paddy growing areas of Karnataka were diseased, but significant differences in disease incidence occurred among the some sites in paddy growing areas of Karnataka. The leaf blast severity showed that the highest mean per cent disease incidence 37.20 was observed in Mandya district.and sheath blight severity showed that the highest mean per cent disease incidence 41.76 was observed in Yadgir district. The spatio-temporal distribution of grain discoloration incidence in Kharif 2012 and 2013 varied with districts, the maximum disease was in Bellary (33.82% and 31.24%) followed by Koppal (31.78% and 27.16%), for sheath blight, maximum disease was in Yadgir (36.23% and 41.76%) followed by Raichur (27.16% and 30.59%) and maximum leaf blast disease was in Mandya (37.20% and 36.91%) followed by Ramanagar (36.67% and 36.54%) respectively. Many fungi have been isolated from discolored grain, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boed. were found as a dominant pathogen. Survey and surveillance were serve as a precursor for evolving management strategies against the disease effective for the zone in an integrated way for sustainable development of crop in the state.
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Zeleke, Tekalign, Muluadam Birhan und Wubneh Ambachew. „Survey and Identification of Rice Diseases in South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia“. Journal of Agriculture and Crops, Nr. 58 (15.08.2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.58.123.131.
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Disease surveys were conducted in rice grown districts of Libokemkem, Dera and Fogera in south Gondar zone in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was designed to identify and record rice disease flora, their distribution in the districts, prioritize according to the importance and document for future use. Forty-six and 48 rice fields were assessed from nine Peasant Association (PA) in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons, respectively. Rice diseases; Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Sheath Blight, Bacterial blight, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut, Downy mildew were identified in 2016 cropping season and nine rice diseases: Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Neck Blast, Node blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut were identified in 2017. The overall mean prevalence of sheath rot and sheath brown rot diseases were above 60%, while the others had prevalence below 21%. The incidences and severities of these two diseases were higher than the other diseases implying that both diseases were important. In the present studies many rice diseases were recorded in lowland ecosystem as compared to upland ecosystem. From the assessment X-jigna cultivar was more susceptible to rice disease and followed by Gumera. The results indicate that a sheath rot, and sheath brown rot, were important across the districts and years. Loss assessment studies should be initiated in order to know the yield damage caused by the diseases.
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Toorray, Nitin Kumar, und Om Prakash Parganiha. „Evaluation of Antagonists and the Effectiveness of Application Methods against Sheath Blight Disease of Rice under Pot Conditions“. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, Nr. 9 (09.08.2023): 3300–3311. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92582.
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Rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the main disease of rice in the Chhattisgarh region. Three potential Trichoderma species were evaluated against sheath blight disease of paddy under pot conditions. The Trichoderma spp. Obtained/ isolated from three discrict Rajnandgaon, Raipur and Durg of Chhattisgarh were compared for their efficacy with check fungicide hexaconazole for foliar sprays. This experiment was conducted under pot condition in completely randomyzed design (CRD) with three replications during kharif 2016 and 2017. Among the three potential Trichoderma spp., highly effective species against sheath blight pathogen was evaluated. The disease severity was recorded 14 days after inoculation. The results of comparative foliar application of Raipur, Durg and Rajnandgaon Trichoderma isolates showed that all isolates of Trichoderma spp. significantly reduced the sheath blight disease severity in rice under pot conditions at 30 DAT and 60 DAT planting. Among the Trichoderma isolates, foliar spray of Durg isolate (TD3) was effectively showed 26.24% reduction in disease severity at 30 DAT and 24.85% reduction in disease severity at 60 DAT over control treatment. The highest disease severity was reduced by check fungicide hexaconazole. The Durg isolate (TD3) at 30 DAT and 60 DAT also increased the yield per plant as compared to Raipur (TR2) and Rajnandgaon isolates (TR1).
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Aggarwal, S. K., K. Neelam, Jyoti Jain, Rupinder Kaur, P. P. S. Pannu, S. K. Lenka, J. S. Lore und Kuldeep Singh. „Identification of promising resistance sources against sheath blight from the annual wild species of rice Oryza nivara (Sharma et Shastry)“. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, Nr. 6 (02.10.2019): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262119000315.
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AbstractSheath blight caused by soil borne necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani [teleomorph-Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk.] is a major disease of rice. The disease is increasing over the year in India and cause up to 69% yield loss under favourable conditions. A total of 67 accessions of Oryza nivara were screened to identify resistance against sheath blight during 2015. Out of these, 16 accessions were found moderately resistant (MR) which were further evaluated during the year 2016 and 2017. After three years of screening, 12 of them were found to have a consistent moderate resistant reaction whereas four of the O. nivara accessions namely, IRGC81941, IRGC102463C, CR100097 and CR100110A have shown moderately susceptible to susceptible reaction against sheath blight. A correlation study revealed that different disease variables measured were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated. All the genotypes and genotype × environment interaction had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on all the disease variables. Cluster analysis showed that all the accessions were clustered into four groups which showed resistant, MR, moderately susceptible and susceptible reactions. Among all the O. nivara accessions IRGC81941A showed the maximum potential against sheath blight due to a least relative lesion height of 22.80%. None of the accession had complete resistance to the disease. The identified promising accessions such as IRGC81835, IRGC81941A, CR100008 and CR100111B can be utilized in a sheath blight resistance breeding program.
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Thera, Uday Kumar, Ashmita Timsina, Naveen Kumar Ramasamy und Mounika Aadika. „Evaluation of F2:3 rice population resistant to Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn inciting sheath blight disease“. Environment Conservation Journal 23, Nr. 1&2 (22.02.2022): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.021918-2167.
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Rice sheath blight caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is an economically important disease in rice resulting in enormous yield losses worldwide. In the present investigation, a population constituting F3 lines resulted from the cross made between IC277332 (susceptible parent) and Tetep (resistant parent) were evaluated for sheath blight resistance and other agronomic traits over a season. The rice population lines were categorized into four groups viz., moderately resistant (11), moderately susceptible (63), susceptible (24), and highly susceptible (8), based on area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values. During the study, nine moderate resistant lines showed, less AUDPC values in comparison to Tetep. Furthermore, 63 individuals (60%) exhibited moderate susceptibility with AUDPC values (677-987 per day). The principal component biplot analysis PC1 and PC2 showed 47.08% and 13.19% variation, respectively. The employment of Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) cluster analysis led to the grouping of the 106 individuals into 2 major clusters A and B. The results suggested that none of the rice lines was resistant to sheath blight disease. However, few lines showed moderate resistance to the disease which can be exploited for the development of sheath blight-resistant cultivars.
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Kumar, Prasanna, und Chethana BS. „Assessment of various fungitoxicants against major diseases of rice“. Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 59, Nr. 4 (31.12.2022): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.4.11.
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Diseases damage to rice can seriously break productivity and with in short time destroys the crop. Screening of various groups of fungitoxicants in solo and in combination against major diseases of rice was carried out during summer and Kharif 2019. The pooled data revealed Fenoxanil 20% SC + Isoprothiolane 40% EC @ 2ml L-1 was effective in reducing the disease severity of leaf blast and neck blast by recording least percent disease index (PDI) of 13.33 and 12.22 with yield of 5099 kg ha-1as against 40.74 and 48.89 and yield 4034 kg ha-1 in control respectively. The combi fungitoxicants Azoxystrobin 25% SC + Hexaconazole 5% 16.25% SC @ 900 ml ha-1 and Kresoxim methyl 40% + Hexaconazole 8% WG @ 500 g ha-1 were effective against leaf blast, neck blast, sheath blight and sheath rot with PDI 9.25,10.40 13.33 and 17.77 respectively . The tank mix of Hexaconaxole 75% WG and Isoprothiolane 40% EC @ 66.7 g + 750 ml ha-1 was effective against leaf blast, neck blast, sheath blight and sheath rot with least PDI of 2.59, 6.33, 4.81 and 6.85 respectively. Kresoxim methyl 40% + Hexaconazole 8% in combination with Isoprothiolane 40% EC @ 500 g + 750 ml ha-1 recorded the reduced PDI of 4.81, 4.29, 11.85 and 11.11 for leaf blast, neck blast, sheath blight and sheath rot respectively .The fungitoxicants evaluated did not cause any phytotoxicity.
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Singh, Rajbir. „Sheath Blight of Rice: A Review“. International Journal of Agricultural Invention 1, Nr. 02 (31.12.2016): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2016.1.2.7.
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Willocquet, Laetitia, Jagjeet S. Lore, S. Srinivasachary und Serge Savary. „Quantification of the Components of Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight Using a Detached Tiller Test Under Controlled Conditions“. Plant Disease 95, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2011): 1507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-11-0051.
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Resistance of rice (Oryza sativa) to sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is quantitative and involves two mechanisms: physiological resistance and disease escape. The epidemiological concept of components of resistance was applied using a detached tiller method under controlled conditions, to specifically address physiological resistance to sheath blight in rice. A sclerotium was inserted below the leaf collar of individual rice tillers maintained in tubes filled with water. Different variables were measured after incubation: number of lesions, lesion length, vertical sheath colonization, presence or absence of dark margin at the edge of lesions, and survival duration of the leaf blade. Several rice varieties reported to have different levels of susceptibility to sheath blight were assessed, together with varieties that are cultivated over large areas. Although numerical differences between rice varieties were observed for all disease variables, only the number of lesions significantly differed among varieties tested in this study. The varieties Pecos and IR64 had the consistently lowest and highest disease intensities, respectively. This methodology may allow the detection of sources of resistance that specifically involve defense mechanisms. When combined with field assessment, this methodology should also enable to quantitatively assess the relative role of both mechanisms of resistance to sheath blight.
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Handiseni, Maxwell, Young-Ki Jo und Xin-Gen (Shane) Zhou. „Integration of Brassica Cover Crop with Host Resistance and Azoxystrobin for Management of Rice Sheath Blight“. Plant Disease 99, Nr. 6 (Juni 2015): 883–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-14-0845-re.
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Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is the most important rice disease that can cause significant losses in grain yield and quality in the southern United States. Current management options for sheath blight primarily consist of fungicides, tolerant cultivars, and cultural practices. These options are not always very effective. Brassica plants have been used for soil fumigation to manage a variety of different soilborne pathogens. In this field study, the efficacy of a Brassica juncea cover crop integrated with use of a tolerant rice cultivar and fungicide application was evaluated in 2011, 2012, and 2013. The B. juncea cover crop significantly lowered sheath blight severity in all 3 years and led to a significantly higher grain yield in 2013 as compared with the fallow control. ‘Presidio’ rice had lower sheath blight severity and higher yield than ‘Cocodrie’ in 2012 and 2013. Fungicide applications with azoxystrobin at the label rate (0.16 kg a.i./ha) or half the label rate (0.08 kg a.i./ha) significantly reduced sheath blight severity in all 3 years, resulting in a yield increase in 2 of the 3 years. B. juncea along with use of a tolerant rice cultivar and half the label rate of azoxystrobin can be an effective approach for management of sheath blight in rice.
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Nuryanto, Bambang. „Penyakit Hawar Pelepah (Rhizoctonia solani) pada Padi dan Taktik Pengelolaannya“. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 21, Nr. 2 (08.01.2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.22494.
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Rice sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (AG-1), is one of diseases currently growing and widespread in rice-producing areas in Indonesia. Widely planting of short-type and many tillers rice varieties with high doses fertilized, especially urea, can increase the severity of sheath blight disease. Sheath blight disease is becoming increasingly important role in the rice production system, especially in intensive rice farming. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze epidemic components affecting sheath blight development to determine their management strategies. The sheath blight disease is observed to develop more severe in low areas (0−200 m above sea levels) than in the moderate and high areas, severity of disease is seen to increase in short-type many tillers rice varieties. Initial inoculum are sclerotia and the mycelia in plant debris that have an important role in the rice sheath blight development. However, sclerotia may fail to germinate due colonized by various kinds of antagonistic bacteria in the soil. Bacteria that are antagonistic to R. solani can be isolated from paddy soil containing compost. Mature compost can suppress germination of sclerotia of R. solani by 14%, while in the mature compost enriched with antagonistic bacteria can suppress the germination of sclerotia by 28%. Relative humidity and temperature around the plant affect the development of rice sheath blight disease. Relative humidity decreased 2.8% when watering is only done by flooding the trench around, and decreased by 4.4% when flooding of land only 1 time per week. Sheath blight control by implementing some components in an integrated epidemic have higher chances of success in suppressing the disease development. IntisariPenyakit hawar pelepah padi yang disebabkan oleh jamur Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (AG-1), merupakan salah satu penyakit yang saat ini berkembang dan tersebar luas di daerah-daerah penghasil padi di Indonesia. Penanaman secara luas padi varietas unggul tipe pendek beranakan banyak dan dipupuk dengan dosis tinggi terutama urea, dapat meningkatkan keparahan penyakit hawar pelepah. Penyakit hawar pelepah menjadi semakin penting peranannya di dalam sistem produksi padi sawah, terutama di daerah pertanian padi yang intensif. Oleh karena itu, perlu analisis komponen epidemi yang memengaruhi perkembangan hawar pelepah untuk menentukan strategi pengelolaannya. Pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa hawar pelepah berkembang lebih parah di daerah rendah (0−200 m dpl) daripada di daerah sedang dan tinggi, keparahan penyakit terlihat semakin meningkat pada varietas padi tipe pendek beranakan banyak. Inokulum awal berupa sklerosia dan miselium dalam serasah tanaman mempunyai peranan penting dalam perkembangan penyakit di pertanaman. Akan tetapi, sklerosia dapat gagal berkecambah karena dikoloni oleh berbagai spesies bakteri antagonis dalam tanah. Bakteri yang bersifat antagonis terhadap R. solani dapat diisolasi dari tanah sawah yang mengandung kompos. Kompos matang dapat menekan perkecambahan sklerosia sebesar 14%, sedangkan pada kompos matang yang diperkaya dengan bakteri antagonis dapat menekan perkecambahan sklerosia sebesar 28%. Kelembapan relatif dan suhu di sekitar tanaman padi memengaruhi perkembangan penyakit hawar pelepah. Kelembapan relatif menurun 2,8% ketika pengairan hanya dilakukan dengan cara penggenangan pada parit keliling, dan turun sebesar 4,4% ketika dilakukan penggenangan lahan 1 kali seminggu. Teknologi pengendalian hawar pelepah dengan menerapkan beberapa komponen epidemik secara terpadu mempunyai peluang keberhasilan tinggi dalam menekan perkembangan penyakit.
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Zhu, Guang, Enxing Liang, Xiang Lan, Qian Li, Jingjie Qian, Haixia Tao, Mengjiao Zhang et al. „ZmPGIP3 Gene Encodes a Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Protein that Enhances Resistance to Sheath Blight in Rice“. Phytopathology® 109, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2019): 1732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-19-0008-r.
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Plant polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) is a structural protein that can specifically recognize and bind to fungal polygalacturonase (PG). PGIP plays an important role in plant antifungal activity. In this study, a maize PGIP gene, namely ZmPGIP3, was cloned and characterized. Agarose diffusion assay suggested that ZmPGIP3 could inhibit the activity of PG. ZmPGIP3 expression was significantly induced by wounding, Rhizoctonia solani infection, jasmonate, and salicylic acid. ZmPGIP3 might be related to disease resistance. The gene encoding ZmPGIP3 was posed under the control of the ubiquitin promoter and constitutively expressed in transgenic rice. In an R. solani infection assay, ZmPGIP3 transgenic rice was more resistant to sheath blight than the wild-type rice regardless of the inoculated plant part (leaves or sheaths). Digital gene expression analysis indicated that the expression of some rice PGIP genes significantly increased in ZmPGIP3 transgenic rice, suggesting that ZmPGIP3 might activate the expression of some rice PGIP genes to resist sheath blight. Our investigation of the agronomic traits of ZmPGIP3 transgenic rice showed that ZmPGIP3 overexpression in rice did not show any detrimental phenotypic or agronomic effect. ZmPGIP3 is a promising candidate gene in the transgenic breeding for sheath blight resistance and crop improvement.
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Gowdar, S. B., und Narappa G. „Efficacy of Azoxystrobin 7.5% and Propiconazole 12.5% SE Against Sheath Blight in Rice“. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, Nr. 5 (19.03.2024): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52375.
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Among the fungal diseases causing significant yield loss in rice, sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is the most important ranked the second most important disease worldwide after blast and a serious threat in rice growing areas of the world and causes more economic yield losses. The field experiment was conducted with seven treatments and replicated three times in RBD design at ARS, Gangavati to know the effect of Azoxystrobin 7.5% + Propiconazole 12.5% SE against sheath blight in rice. The variety BPT-5204 was sown in plot size of 5 X 5 m2 with all regular agronomic practices followed as per the standard package of practice of University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur. It has been found that the fungicide Azoxystrobin 7.5% + Propiconazole 12.5% SE at different doses evaluated was effective in reducing the severity of rice sheath blight and thereby increased the rice grain yield. The treatment Azoxystrobin 7.5% + Propiconazole 12.5% SE @ 625 ml/ha recorded minimum sheath blight of 13.70 and 16.11 per cent PDI with yield of 64.60 q/ha and 63.20 q/ha compared to control treatment 48.70 and 57.96 per cent PDI with grain yield of 54.10 q/ha and 52.40 q/ha during the first and second season, respectively. In the current study, along with reducing sheath blight severity, fungicide treatments minimized grain yield losses in 2 years. Field trial conducted clearly indicated that Azoxystrobin 7.5% + Propiconazole 12.5% SE @ 500 and 625 ml/ha dose can effectively control sheath blight of rice. Azoxystrobin 7.5% + Propiconazole 12.5% w/v SE @ 500 ml/ha was at par with higher dose and resulted better yield than other treatments.
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Kumar, Ilakiya Sharanee, und Kalaivani Nadarajah. „A Meta-Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Multiple Disease Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)“. Plants 9, Nr. 11 (05.11.2020): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111491.
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Rice blast, sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight are major rice diseases found worldwide. The development of resistant cultivars is generally perceived as the most effective way to combat these diseases. Plant disease resistance is a polygenic trait where a combinatorial effect of major and minor genes affects this trait. To locate the source of this trait, various quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies have been performed in the past two decades. However, investigating the congruency between the reported QTL is a daunting task due to the heterogeneity amongst the QTLs studied. Hence, the aim of our study is to integrate the reported QTLs for resistance against rice blast, sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight and objectively analyze and consolidate the location of QTL clusters in the chromosomes, reducing the QTL intervals and thus identifying candidate genes within the selected meta-QTL. A total of twenty-seven studies for resistance QTLs to rice blast (8), sheath blight (15) and bacterial leaf blight (4) was compiled for QTL projection and analyses. Cumulatively, 333 QTLs associated with rice blast (114), sheath blight (151) and bacterial leaf blight (68) resistance were compiled, where 303 QTLs could be projected onto a consensus map saturated with 7633 loci. Meta-QTL analysis on 294 QTLs yielded 48 meta-QTLs, where QTLs with membership probability lower than 60% were excluded, reducing the number of QTLs within the meta-QTL to 274. Further, three meta-QTL regions (MQTL2.5, MQTL8.1 and MQTL9.1) were selected for functional analysis on the basis that MQTL2.5 harbors the highest number of QTLs; meanwhile, MQTL8.1 and MQTL9.1 have QTLs associated with all three diseases mentioned above. The functional analysis allows for determination of enriched gene ontology and resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and other defense-related genes. To summarize, MQTL2.5, MQTL8.1 and MQTL9.1 have a considerable number of R-genes that account for 10.21%, 4.08% and 6.42% of the total genes found in these meta-QTLs, respectively. Defense genes constitute around 3.70%, 8.16% and 6.42% of the total number of genes in MQTL2.5, MQTL8.1 and MQTL9.1, respectively. This frequency is higher than the total frequency of defense genes in the rice genome, which is 0.0096% (167 defense genes/17,272 total genes). The integration of the QTLs facilitates the identification of QTL hotspots for rice blast, sheath blight and bacterial blight resistance with reduced intervals, which helps to reduce linkage drag in breeding. The candidate genes within the promising regions could be utilized for improvement through genetical engineering.
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Chethana, BS, CA Deepak und MP Rajanna. „Identification of novel resistance source in traditional varieties against major diseases of rice“. Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 57, Nr. 2 (30.06.2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2020.57.2.5.
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Traditional rice varieties maintained and cultivated by farmers are the potential sources of resistant donors that can be used for breeding rice varieties with durable resistance. They possess traits potentially adaptable to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. Characterization of these germplasm is essential in rice breeding varieties and provides valued information for developing new rice. In this study, a large-scale screening of 167 traditional rice varieties was carried out to identify resistance sources against blast, sheath blight and brown spot diseases of rice. The mean location severity index (LSI) of leaf blast, sheath blight and brown spot was 6.91,7.14 and 7.84, respectively. Among the varieties screened, five varieties viz., Malgudi sanna, Putta batta, Selamsanna, Sadaholga and Mysuru sanna showed resistant reaction against blast, while only one variety Putta batta showed resistant reaction against brown spot, none of the varieties showed resistant reaction against sheath blight. However, only one variety Bangara sanna-4 showed moderate resistance to the sheath blight disease. The identified resistant varieties can be used as potential source for breeding durable resistant varieties in the future crop improvement programmes.
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Brooks, Steven A. „Sensitivity to a Phytotoxin from Rhizoctonia solani Correlates with Sheath Blight Susceptibility in Rice“. Phytopathology® 97, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2007): 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-10-1207.
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Sheath blight is one of the most important and intractable diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) where limited control has been achieved using traditional approaches. Quantitative inheritance, extraneous traits, and environmental factors confound genetic analysis of host resistance. A method was developed to isolate and utilize a phytotoxin from Rhizoctonia solani to investigate the genetics of sheath blight susceptibility. Infiltration of the toxin preparation into plant leaves induced necrosis in rice, maize, and tomato. Using 17 rice cultivars known to vary in sheath blight resistance, genotypes were identified that were sensitive (tox-S) and insensitive (tox-I) to the toxin, and a correlation (r = 0.66) between toxin sensitivity and disease susceptibility was observed. Given the broad host range of R. solani, genotypes of host species may be both tox-S and tox-I. A total of 154 F2 progeny from a cross between Cypress (tox-S) and Jasmine 85 (tox-I) segregated in a 9:7 ratio for tox-S/tox-I, indicating an epistatic interaction between two genes controls sensitivity to the toxin in rice. This work provides the means to genetically map toxin sensitivity genes and eliminate susceptible genotypes when developing sheath blight-resistant rice cultivars.
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Ghritlahre, S. K., Mahesh Rao, S. L. Pavani, Vineeta Singh, U. S. Singh, Sandhya Sandhya und P. K. Singh. „Estimation of yield and grain qualities of marker assisted backcross derived lines of submergence rice against sheath blight disease“. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, Nr. 2 (01.06.2017): 1042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1319.
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Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most devastating diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) and causes enormous yield losses over the world after blast, the disease can cause yield loss upto 50 per cent in advanced stage and adversely affects quality of straw. Breeding for resistant varieties is the only viable option to combat the disease efficiently. In this study, our findings showed a significant increase in number of spikelet’s per panicle (3.45 %), test weight (0.62 %) and grain yield (0.72 %) compared to recurrent parent Swarna sub-1. The range of mean performance of 18 BC2F1 selected improved lines varied for per cent disease severity from 26.75 to 43.58 at 16 days after inoculation. Among the 18 improved lines, only four lines (Swarna sub-1-6, Swarna sub-1-32, Swarna sub-1-13 and Swarna sub-1-29) showed resistance score of 1-3. The remaining fourteen lines showed moderate resistance with a score of 3-5. Hence, the resistance line could be exploited in sheath blight resistance breeding programme and the same line can also be released as a variety against sheath blight of rice after testing over multilocation trails.
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Kumar, Sanjeet, Opin Kumar und S. P. Singh. „A review study on botanical pesticides for the management of stored grain insect pests“. International Journal of Agricultural Invention 2, Nr. 01 (30.06.2017): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2017.2.1.15.
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Nuryanto, B., G. R. Pratiwi und Rahmini. „Organic amendments and rice sheath blight management“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1160, Nr. 1 (01.04.2023): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1160/1/012053.
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Abstract Soil amended with rice straw compost significantly reduced rice sheath blight severity. The disease caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a severe disturbance to rice cultivation in Indonesia. R. solani is soil borne fungi and highly competitive as saprophyte. In mature compost, R. solani propagules in the form of sclerotia germination were suppressed by hyperparasites and other biological control agents. Compost maturity level affects the ability of sclerotia to germinate. Initial inoculum reduction as sclerotia in steril soil was studied in glass house which is treated with the addition of variations in the maturity of the compost. Result showed that mature compost added to sterile soil in the pot decreased sclerotia germination for about 14%, otherwise fresh organic matter added to steril soil increased sclerotia germination, this condition lead R. solani grew and new sclerotia formed in the soil surface. The decomposition levels of organic matter influences disease development, it significantly affected on disease severity. Disease severity of rice sheath blight decreased by about 32.6-39.9 % with mature compost application.
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Oreiro, Eula Gems, Earlyn Kate Grimares, Genelou Atienza-Grande, Ian Lorenzo Quibod, Veronica Roman-Reyna und Ricardo Oliva. „Genome-Wide Associations and Transcriptional Profiling Reveal ROS Regulation as One Underlying Mechanism of Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice“. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 33, Nr. 2 (Februar 2020): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-19-0141-r.
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Rice sheath blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, continues to be an important and challenging rice disease worldwide. Here, we used genome-wide association studies over a high-density rice array to facilitate the identification of potential novel genes and quantitative trait loci related to sheath blight resistance. We identified multiple regions that significantly associated with independent disease components in chromosomes 1, 4, and 11 under controlled condition. In particular, we investigated qLN1128, a quantitative trait locus enriched with defense-related genes that reduce disease lesions in a near-isogenic line. RNA profiling of the line carrying qLN1128 showed a number of differentially expressed genes related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-redox pathway. Histochemical staining revealed less ROS accumulation on the resistant line, suggesting efficient ROS deregulation that delays pathogen colonization. The detection of genomic regions controlling multiple mechanisms of resistance to sheath blight will provide tools to design effective breeding interventions in rice.
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Kiran, Goskula, Raghunath Mandal, Subrata Dutta und Sujith Kumar Ray. „Newly Evolved Different Fungicide Combinations against Paddy Sheath Blight under Field Conditions in West Bengal“. Environment and Ecology 42, Nr. 1 (Januar 2024): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/pzhu3012.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a vital global food crop, consumed by over half the world’s population. In India, it covers 43.5 M ha, yielding 112.9 Mt at a productivity of 2.56 t ha-1. In West Bengal, it spans 5.15 M ha, producing 15.09 Mt with a high productivity of 2933 kg ha-1. Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani (also known as Thanatephorus cucumeris), is a highly destructive disease that has led to significant output losses in the last two decades. Reports suggest that production losses due to this disease can range from 5.2% to 50%, depending on factors like environmental conditions, crop growth stages, management practices, and rice cultivars used. This disease is called “sheath blight” because it initially infects the leaf sheath. To combat this disease, various fungicide compounds with diverse modes of action are available on the market. The research aimed to identify the most effective and cost-efficient fungicide combination for managing rice sheath blight. The experiment evaluated the efficacy and economics of Mancozeb 52.6% + Hexaconazole 2.4%, Hexaconazole 5% EC, and Hexaconazole 4% + Zineb 68%, as well as Mancozeb 75% WP under field conditions. The results showed that Mancozeb 52.6% + Hexaconazole 2.4% achieved the highest disease reduction over the control (46.10%), followed by Hexaconazole 5% EC (42.30%).
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Zhang, Jingcheng, Huizi Li, Yangyang Tian, Hanxiao Qiu, Xuehe Zhou, Huiqin Ma und Lin Yuan. „Assessing Rice Sheath Blight Disease Habitat Suitability at a Regional Scale through Multisource Data Analysis“. Remote Sensing 15, Nr. 23 (28.11.2023): 5530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15235530.
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Extensive occurrence of rice sheath blight has been observed in China in recent years due to agricultural practices and climatic conditions, posing a serious threat to rice production. Assessing habitat suitability for rice sheath blight at a regional scale can provide important information for disease forecasting. In this context, the present study aims to propose a regional-scale habitat suitability evaluation method for rice sheath blight in Yangzhou city using multisource data, including remote sensing data, meteorological data, and disease survey data. By combining the epidemiological characteristics of the crop disease and the Relief-F algorithm, some habitat variables from key stages were selected. The maximum entropy (Maxent) and logistic regression models were adopted and compared in constructing the disease habitat suitability assessment model. The results from the Relief-F algorithm showed that some remote sensing variables in specific temporal phases are particularly crucial for evaluating disease habitat suitability, including the MODIS products of LAI (4–20 August), FPAR (9–25 June), NDVI (12–20 August), and LST (11–27 July). Based on these remote sensing variables and meteorological features, the Maxent model yielded better accuracy than the logistic regression model, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.90, overall accuracy (OA) of 0.75, and a true skill statistics (TSS) value of 0.76. Indeed, the results of the habitat suitability assessment models were consistent with the actual distribution of the disease in the study area, suggesting promising predictive capability. Therefore, it is feasible to utilize remotely sensed and meteorological variables for assessing disease habitat suitability at a regional scale. The proposed method is expected to facilitate prevention and control practices for rice sheath blight disease.
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Zarbafi, Seyedeh Soheila, und Jong Hyun Ham. „An Overview of Rice QTLs Associated with Disease Resistance to Three Major Rice Diseases: Blast, Sheath Blight, and Bacterial Panicle Blight“. Agronomy 9, Nr. 4 (06.04.2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040177.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops that are produced as human food, directly feeding people more than any other crop. Hence, it is important to increase the yield potential of rice through improving the disease resistance to prevailing rice diseases. Blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, sheath blight caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, and bacterial panicle blight caused by the bacteria Burkholderia glumae and B. gladioli are serious rice diseases in many rice-producing regions. In spite of the chronic damages from these major diseases, the quantitative resistance to each of them is not known very well and any available disease-resistant varieties are rare or not stable. Although gene-for-gene resistance that is mediated by an R-Avr interaction has been intensively studied for blast, quantitative (or horizontal) resistance to a broad spectrum of races in M. oryzae is still poorly understood. Identification of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to these diseases and using marker technology can facilitate marker-assisted selection to screen resistant traits in individual resources, which could ultimately lead to the development of novel disease-resistant rice varieties. This article is a summary of identified QTLs that are associated with rice diseases, including blast, sheath blight, and bacterial panicle blight that can be used in breeding programs.
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Sharma, K. K. „Induction of systemic resistance (ISR) against sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn using biological seed treatment with Trichoderma“. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, Nr. 3 (01.09.2017): 1861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1453.
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Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn has recently noticed one of the most important diseases of rice on almost all the high yielding varieties in major rice growing area. In our study morphologically and molecu-larly characterized thirty rhizospheric isolates of Trichoderma (T. harzianum and T. virens) from different locations of Uttarakhand were evaluated for their mycoparasitic ability, disease (sheath blight) suppressing potential and inducing systemic resistance against Rhizoctonia solani. Maximum inhibition in hyphal growth (58.9 %) against R. solani was recorded with isolate PB 2 followed by PB 3 (53.4 %) in confrontation assay. Under glass house con-dition, minimum disease severity (13.6%) was recorded in the treatment where seeds were treated with PB 22 and this treatment also exhibited highest total phenol content (394 μl/g) 168 hours after pathogen inoculation. Total phenol content was also increased maximally (466 μl/g) before pathogen inoculation in the treatment where seeds were treated with PB 22. Moreover, high quality ISR activity was recorded with isolates PB 21, 3, 1, 4, 23, 2 and 16 as they reduced more than 34 percent disease and total phenol contents 456 μl/g, 449 μl/g, 442 μl/g, 440 μl/g and 440 μl/g, 438 μl/g and 431 μl/g were recorded for respective isolates indicated induction of resistance in paddy against sheath blight disease caused by R. solani.
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Groth, D. E. „Azoxystrobin Rate and Timing Effects on Rice Sheath Blight Incidence and Severity and Rice Grain and Milling Yields“. Plant Disease 89, Nr. 11 (November 2005): 1171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1171.
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Lack of sheath blight resistant varieties requires rice (Oryza sativa) farmers to use fungicides to avoid significant reductions in grain yield and milling yield. Studies were conducted to determine the best rate and rice growth stage for a single application of azoxystrobin, a fungicide recently labeled for this use, to effectively control sheath blight. Azoxystrobin was applied foliarly to inoculated field plots in 2000 to 2002 using rates of 0.22, 0.17, and 0.11 kg a.i. ha -1 at 7 days after panicle differentiation (PD+7), boot (B), and heading (H) growth stages and at 0.17 kg a.i. ha-1 at 5, 10, and 15 days after heading. Sheath blight severity (measured on a 0 to 9 scale) and incidence (percent tillers infected) were assessed 1 to 2 weeks before harvest. A fungicide application made between PD+7 and H significantly reduced sheath blight severity, which resulted in significantly higher yield and head rice milling yield compared with inoculated unsprayed plots. There were no significant effects of fungicide rate at the PD+7, B, and H growth stages. Fungicide-treated plots had yield and milling yield similar to the very lightly diseased, uninoculated check plots included for comparison. With fungicide application made postheading, rice had higher disease severity, resulting in lower yields and milling yield compared with rice receiving earlier applications.
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Elsharkawy, Mohsen Mohamed, Raghda M. Sakran, Abdelmonim Ali Ahmad, Said I. Behiry, Ahmed Abdelkhalek, Mohamed M. Hassan und Amr Ahmed Khedr. „Induction of Systemic Resistance against Sheath Blight in Rice by Different Pseudomonas Isolates“. Life 12, Nr. 3 (27.02.2022): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12030349.
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Sheath blight disease is a fungal pathogen that causes leaf blight in rice plants, resulting in significant yield losses throughout the growing season. Pseudomonas spp. have long been used as biocontrol agents for a variety of plant diseases. Four Pseudomonas isolates were tested for their ability to promote rice growth and generate systemic resistance to Rhizoctonia solani, the causal pathogen of sheath blight disease. In vitro, Pseudomonas isolates produced the growth hormone indole acetic acid (0.82–1.82 mg L−1). Additionally, seed treatment with Pseudomonas putida suspension outperformed P. brassicacearum, P. aeruginosa and P. resinovorans in terms of germination and vigor evaluation. The maximum seed germination of 89% was recorded after seed treatments with a fresh suspension of P. putida, followed by 87% germination in P. aeruginosa treatment, compared with only 74% germination in the untreated controls. When compared with the infected control plants, all Pseudomonas isolates were non-pathogenic to rice and their co-inoculation considerably enhanced plant growth and health by reducing the disease index to 37% and improving plant height (26%), fresh weight (140%) and dry weight (100%). All Pseudomonas isolates effectively reduced sheath blight disease incidence, as well as the fungicide carbendazim, which is recommended for field management of R. solani. In comparison to untreated control seedlings, treatment with Pseudomonas isolates enhanced the production of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes and the expression of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and NPR1 genes, which could be involved in disease incidence reduction. In conclusion, the use of Pseudomonas spp. has been demonstrated to improve rice growth and resistance to R. solani while also providing an environmentally acceptable option to the agroecosystems.
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Li, Z. Y., N. Wang, Z. P. Dong, L. Dong, H. Bai, J. Z. Quan und L. Liu. „First Report of Sheath Blight Caused by Waitea circinata Affecting Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) in China“. Plant Disease 98, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2014): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-14-0603-pdn.
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Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is planted widely in northern China, especially in Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, and Henan provinces. Although several diseases reduce production of this important crop species, sheath blight is considered one of the important diseases of foxtail millet in China. Sheath blight is caused by a soil-borne pathogen and is difficult to control. Epidemics are most common at the late growth stage of foxtail millet. In August 2013, an outbreak was recorded in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei, with an incidence of about 60%. Typical disease symptoms consisted of large, irregular lesions with reddish-brown margin and as the disease progressed, the plants lodge. Three representative sheath fragments (each 1 cm long) were collected from diseased plants during that outbreak. The samples were disinfected with 0.5% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite, rinsed with sterile water, placed on a water agar plate, and then incubated at 26°C in the dark for two days. After the hyphae appeared, ~3-mm-long hyphal tips from typical colonies were excised and transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. Three isolates were obtained and all showed typical features of Rhizoctonia-like fungus. Each isolate occupied its whole plate within 5 days of incubation at 26°C in the dark, and abundant aerial mycelia were produced. The color of all colonies was first orange, turning a salmon color when the mycelia matured. Orange sclerotia appeared after 2 weeks of incubation. The nuclei were stained with DAPI (2-(4-amidinophenyl)-1H-indole-6-carboxamidine) and observed under a fluorescent microscope. The hyphal cells were multinucleate and the mycelia branched at a right angle. For molecular identification of the pathogen, mycelia of each isolate were cultured in potato dextrose broth at 26°C for a week, and genomic DNA was extracted from mycelia and used as a template for PCR amplification. The primers set of ITS1 and ITS4 was used for amplification of rDNA-ITS from these isolates and the amplified rDNA-ITS regions of all isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. KJ765700, KJ765701, and KJ765702, respectively) were 99% identical to other Waitea circinata deposited in GenBank (1,2). To further confirm the pathogenicity of the isolates, freshly collected PDA plugs were inoculated on the lower leaf blades of 8-week-old seedlings of the foxtail millet variety Yugu 1. PDA plugs without the isolate were used as a negative control. Five plants were used for each isolate and negative control. After inoculation, pots were placed together in a moist chamber at 26°C. No symptoms developed on the control plants, while obvious lesions appeared on the sheaths of tested plants at 5 days post inoculation and later the plants were lodging. The fungus was re-isolated from diseased plants and confirmed to be W. circinata based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis as previously described, completing Koch's postulates. Further, on the basis of morphological tests, pathogenicity assays, and molecular analyses, the pathogen of foxtail millet sheath blight was identified as W. circinata (4). Although Rhizoctonia solani AG-1, AG-4 has been reported in earlier studies as the pathogen causing foxtail millet sheath blight, there has been no previous report of the disease caused by W. circinata (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of foxtail millet sheath blight caused by W. circinata in China. With the spread of high millet plant density and fertilizer application, this disease may become a major threat to foxtail millet; therefore, W. circinata should be taken into account when designing measures for disease control in foxtail millet. References: (2) K. A. de la Cerda et al. Plant Dis. 91:791, 2007. (1) M. Fiers et al. Eur. J. Plant. Pathol. 128:353, 2010. (4) W. D. Gao. Acta Phytopathol. Sinica 17:247, 1987. (3) T. Toda et al. Plant Dis. 89:536, 2005.
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Pal, Rini, und Dipankar Mandal. „Use of plant essential oils for the management of sheath blight disease in rice“. Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 60, Nr. 2 (28.06.2023): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2023.60.2.5.
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Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is one of the most important diseases on the major high yielding rice varieties. Because of lack of resistant donor lines, no variety is completely immune to the disease. Till now, chemical control is the most widely used means to manage the disease which may have several adverse effects on the environment. Plant essential oils are among the most promising compounds for bio rational pest management. As highly volatile compounds are found in essential oils, they therefore cause no residue problems either in crop or in soil and are less subject to resistance. Keeping these factors in view, a field experiment was conducted at All India Co-Ordinated Rice Improvement Project, Chiplima, Sambalpur, Odisha during kharif and rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 respectively to assess the effect of seven essential oils for the management of sheath blight disease in rice. They were sprayed twice at weekly interval starting from the third day of inoculation. Among all the essential oils, citronella oil @ 2ml l-1 was found best to manage the disease during both the years of experiment. It gave 36% disease control compared to check plots. Under invitro condition also, citronella oil @ 500 ppm proved to be the best of all the essential oils. Though the chemical check carbendazim gave the highest disease control (47.25%) but considering the environmental point of view, citronella oil @ 2ml l-1 can be recommended as an alternative to manage sheath blight disease in rice without any toxic effect on the crop.
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Alam, Md Mahbubul, Muhammad Abdus Sobahan, Nasima Akter und Ismail Hossain. „An Investigation on Disease Incidence, Grain Yield and Quality of BRRI Dhan29 in Bangladesh“. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 4, Nr. 3 (26.09.2016): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i3.15151.
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Rice crops are susceptible to disease, which causes large yield losses in many Asian countries. The influence of disease incidence and severity on grain yield and quality of the rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. BRRI dhan29) was investigated in three different locations of Chief Farm Superintendent’s (CFS) farm viz. Near Weather Yard (location-1), Near Agronomy Farm (location-2) and Near CFS farm office (location-3), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), mymensingh, Bangladesh during boro season. In location-1, both brown spot and sheath blight were recorded whereas in location-2 and in location-3 only brown spot was recorded. Severity of brown spot was lowest at the location-1 and the highest at the location-3. Combined incidence of brown spot and sheath blight decreased the yield considerably whereas brown spot did not alone. Maximum severity of sheath blight was observed both in flowering and soft dough stage and minimum at maximum tillering stage. The lowest infection index of brown spot was obtained at maximum tillering stage and the highest infection index was obtained at soft dough stage whereas maximum and minimum infection index of sheath blight of rice were recorded at soft dough stage and maximum tillering stage, respectively. Aparently healthy seeds, spotted seeds, discoloured seeds, deformed seeds and chaffy grains were found among the three locations. Germination percentage was highest in healthy seeds compared to other category seeds. Alternaria padwickii, Alternaria tenuis, Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia lunata and Fusarium semitectum were found to be associated with the seed. The highest and lowest occurrence of A. padwickii, A. tenuis, B. oryzae, C. lunata were recorded from chaffy grains and from healthy seeds, respectively. It is suggest that disease incidence and severity was gradually increased with the age of the plant and reduced yield and quality of BRRI dhan29. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 311-317
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Shastri, Madhu, Ashok Singh, P. N. Dongre und Rashmi Singh. „Approaches towards Integrated Disease Management of Sheath Blight disease of Corn“. Current Agriculture Research Journal 11, Nr. 3 (05.01.2024): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.11.3.08.
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Maize occupies a prominent position in India as each part of the maize plant is of economical importance. Banded leaf and sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii is one of the important disease of maize. The causal organism of this disease has potential to inflict economic loss up to 100 %. Due to its soil borne nature and lack of resistant cultivers, it poses challenge to maize growers. Fungicides or crop rotation alone is not sufficient to control this disease. The present study is on integrated disease management through chemical, biological and botanicals means. The findings of this investigation should help better management and reduce crop loss due to banded leaf and sheath blight. Bavistin showed maximum percent of inhibition i.e. hundred percent (100%) at 10 ppm concentration. In order to replace chemical treatment present study was focused on use of integrated disease management (IDM). For this six treatment were given to maize seed with botanicals, bio-agent, chemical and combination of these out of which it was found that treatment number S6 and S7 which is combination of Bavistin + Neem oil and Trichoderma harzianum + Neem oil respectively showed maximum percent diseases index i.e. 2.9 and 4.6 respectively. In another treatment, along with seed treatment foliar spray was also done by using chemicals and botanicals. In this experiment it was found that when treatment was done with bio-agent T. harzianum maximum percent disease control was reported 90.9 and minimum 60.6 when foliar spray and seed treatment both were done only by Neem oil.
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Kumar, Rajiv. „Management of Sheath Blight and Blast Disease of Rice“. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 9 (10.09.2020): 1659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.206.
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MALVIYA, DEEPTI, SHAILENDRA SINGH, RAJIV K. SINGH, JAI P. RAI, UDAI B. SINGH und A. K. SAXENA. „First report of Rhizoctonia solani causing Banded leaf and sheath blight disease in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) from Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh, India“. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, Nr. 3 (29.03.2022): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i3.122728.
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During August 2016, banded leaf and sheath blight symptoms were observed on sugarcane (cv. BO-91) in the Village Bhawanipur of Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh (India). A survey was done to assess the prevalence of and collect the specimens of banded leaf and sheath blight disease from sugarcane fields in the Ghazipur district during 2016–17. A total of 15 fungal isolates were collected from different parts of the district and pathogenicity testing of these isolates was done following Koch postulates. All the 15 isolates were able to produce disease in the controlled laboratory conditions as well as in the field. Further, these isolates were morphologically characterized as Rhizoctonia solani. To confirm the identity at molecular level, ITS sequencing of two most virulent isolates was done. Based on the ITS sequence similarity, these two isolates, viz. SCRS-2018-1A and SCRS-2018-1B were identified as R. solani. As per the existing records and our knowledge based on the extensive survey of pertinent literature, this is the first report of R. solani causing banded leaf and sheath blight disease in Sugarcane from Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
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SURESH MADUGULA*, PARIMAL K SINHA and RAJU M.R.B. „EVALUATION OF RICE GENOTYPES AGAINST SHEATH BLIGHT USING BASIC RESISTANCE COMPONENTS FOR RESISTANCE IDENTIFICATION“. Journal of Research ANGRAU 51, Nr. 1 (31.03.2023): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.58537/jorangrau.2023.51.1.01.
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Under the current climate change scenario, sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, anecrotrophic pathogen, is becoming a serious threat, causing significant yield losses in paddy,especially in the coastal ecosystem of Andhra Pradesh state. Resistance evaluation in popularrice cultivars taken up during 2020-21 season at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru(field studies) and Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi (lab studies) for identificationof resistance sources for further breeding programmes using resistance components revealedthat using single phenotypic component based arbitrary scale may not reveal the true varietalnature with respect to disease resistance and needs to consider the host-pathogen populationdynamics. Among the three basic resistance components studied, rate of infection (RRBR) andincubation period (RRIP) found to have greater bearing on sheath blight resistance, whereas,lesion length (RRLL) found to be a less potential indicator for quantifying the resistance levels inthe rice cultivars for sheath blight.
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Lin, Fenfang, Sen Guo, Changwei Tan, Xingen Zhou und Dongyan Zhang. „Identification of Rice Sheath Blight through Spectral Responses Using Hyperspectral Images“. Sensors 20, Nr. 21 (02.11.2020): 6243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216243.
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Sheath blight (ShB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-I, is one of the most important diseases in rice worldwide. The symptoms of ShB primarily develop on leaf sheaths and leaf blades. Hyperspectral remote sensing technology has the potential of rapid, efficient and accurate detection and monitoring of the occurrence and development of rice ShB and other crop diseases. This study evaluated the spectral responses of leaf blade fractions with different development stages of ShB symptoms to construct the spectral feature library of rice ShB based on “three-edge” parameters and narrow-band vegetation indices to identify the disease on the leaves. The spectral curves of leaf blade lesions have significant changes in the blue edge, green peak, yellow edge, red valley, red edge and near-infrared regions. The variables of the normalized index between green peak amplitude and red valley amplitude (Rg − Ro)/(Rg + Ro), the normalized index between the yellow edge area and blue edge area (SDy − SDb)/(SDy + SDb), the ratio index of green peak amplitude and red valley amplitude (Rg/Ro) and the nitrogen reflectance index (NRI) had high relevance to the disease. At the leaf scale, the importance weights of all attributes decreased with the effect of non-infected areas in a leaf by the ReliefF algorithm, with Rg/Ro being the indicator having the highest importance weight. Estimation rate of 95.5% was achieved in the decision tree classifier with the parameter of Rg/Ro. In addition, it was found that the variety degree of absorptive valley, reflection peak and reflecting steep slope was different in the blue edge, green and red edge regions, although there were similar spectral curve shapes between leaf sheath lesions and leaf blade lesions. The significant difference characteristic was the ratio index of the red edge area and green peak area (SDr/SDg) between them. These results can provide the basis for the development of a specific sensor or sensors system for detecting the ShB disease in rice.
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Yulia, Endah, und Fitri Widiantini. „Ekstrak Tanaman Binahong sebagai Pengendali Penyakit Hawar Pelepah Daun Padi“. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 14, Nr. 4 (22.11.2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.4.138.
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Binahong Extract for Controlling Sheath Blight Disease of Rice PaddySheath blight disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is an important disease that can affect rice production. The disease is commonly controlled using synthetic fungicides. This study was aimed to test the potential of binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia) as botanical fungicide to inhibit the growth of R. solani and the development of blight disease on rice seedlings. The research was conducted in 2 stages, i.e. in vitro and rice seedling testing. In vitro test was carried out on PDA medium containing different concentrations of binahong leaf extract (0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%). Rice seedling testing was completed by soaking rice seeds in five concentrations of binahong leaf extract followed by inoculation of R. solani. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design. The variables observed consist of inhibitory ability of binahong leaf extract, colony morphology of R. solani, and disease incidence. Binahong leaf extract inhibited 35.2% growth of R. solani colonies. Treatment of binahong leaf extract had some effects on mycelium of R. solani; macroscopically the mycelium was shorter, thinner and congregated, whereas microscopically it was smaller, elongated and tended to be colourless compared to control. The treatment of 2% binahong leaf extract on rice seeds decreased the incidence of seedling blight disease with the effectiveness reached 100%. Thus, binahong leaf extract has the potential to suppress sheath blight disease caused by R. solani.
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Xi, Junmin, Zhijun Zhang, Qi Zhu und Guohua Zhong. „Evolution from Natural β-Carboline Alkaloids to Obtain 1,2,4,9-tetrahydro-3-thia-9-aza-fluorene Derivatives as Potent Fungicidal Agents against Rhizoctonia solani“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, Nr. 12 (14.12.2018): 4044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19124044.
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Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a globally important rice disease and the increasing resistance of this pathogen highlights the need for new active compounds against rice sheath blight. In this study, natural β-carboline alkaloids were optimized to obtain a series of 1,2,4,9-tetrahydro-3-thia-9-aza-fluorene derivatives and evaluated for their fungicidal activity and mode of action against R. solani. Of these compounds, 18 exhibited significant in vitro fungicidal activity against R. solani, with an EC50 value of 2.35 μg/mL, and was more active than validamycin A. In vivo bioassay also demonstrated that 18 displayed superior protective and curative activities as compared to validamycin A. Mechanistically, 18 not only induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, but also interfered with DNA synthesis. Therefore, compound 18 displayed pronounced in vitro and in vivo fungicidal activity against R. solani and could be used as a potential candidate for the control of rice sheath blight.
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Ariani, Hanisa Desy, Noor Aidawati und Dewi Arika Adriani. „Uji Efektivitas Rizobakteria Dalam Menghambat Perkembangan Penyakit Hawar Pelepah Daun (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.) Pada Padi Secara In Vitro“. EnviroScienteae 16, Nr. 1 (18.08.2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v16i1.8999.
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One of the causes of the declining productivity of rice is sheath blight disease caused by the mold Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Control of sheath blight disease that is often done by the farmers is by using chemical pesticides (fungicides), which caused environmental problems. One way to reduce the use of pesticides is to biological control by using antagonist bacteria. This study aimed at in vitro test of rhizobacteria in preventing the development of sheath blight disease in rice plants. This research was conducted in the Phytopathology laboratory of Plant Protection Department of Faculty Agriculture, University of Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru from March to May 2018. The experiment used a randomized block design with three groups consisting of eight types of rhizobacteria isolates: (r1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Barito Kuala), (r2) Bacillus megaterium (Hulu Sungai Tengah), (r3) Azotobacter sp. (Barito Kuala), (r4) Pseudomonas sp. (Hulu Sungai Selatan), (r5) Flavobacterium sp. (Tanah Laut), (r6) Bacillus bodius (Barito Kuala), (r7) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Hulu Sungai Selatan), (r8) Necercia sp. (Tanah Laut). The results showed that all rhizobacteria have the ability to inhibit the development of R. solani with different percentages of inhibitions. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Barito Kuala) was the most effective rhizobacteria in inhibiting the development of R. solani.