Zeitschriftenartikel: „Shares of gold“

1

Pouris, A. „Letter: Gold shares versus krugerrands“. South African Journal of Business Management 18, Nr. 2 (30.06.1987): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v18i2.1007.

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2

Baur, Dirk G., Philipp Prange und Karsten Schweikert. „Flight to quality – Gold mining shares versus gold bullion“. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 71 (März 2021): 101296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101296.

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3

Barr, G. D. I., und J. F. Affleck-Graves. „Gold shares or gold bullion—which is the better investment?“ Managerial and Decision Economics 6, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1985): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mde.4090060408.

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4

Affleck-Graves, J. F., und G. D. I. Barr. „Gold shares or krugerrands: Which is the better investment?“ South African Journal of Business Management 17, Nr. 2 (30.06.1986): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v17i2.1034.

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In this study we examine the performance of krugerrands vis-à-vis gold shares on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange over the period 1980 - 1983. Using the Markowitz portfolio selection model and Sharpe's capital market theory we are able to demonstrate that over the past few years, krugerrands have produced sub-optimal returns for the South African investor. This follows because in each year the investor would have been better off in some combination of gold shares and treasury bills rather than in krugerrands, no matter what risk level he chose. Furthermore, even in the naive case where the investor merely buys the gold share index, krugerrands are shown to be an inferior investment.

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Barr, G. D. I. „Reply to a letter on 'Gold Shares versus krugerrands'“. South African Journal of Business Management 18, Nr. 3 (30.09.1987): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v18i3.1016.

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6

Addleson, M. „Comments on: Gold shares or krugerrands - Which is the better investment?“ South African Journal of Business Management 17, Nr. 2 (30.06.1986): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v17i2.1043.

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7

Chidambaran, N. K., Chitru S. Fernando und Paul A. Spindt. „Credit enhancement through financial engineering: Freeport McMoRan's gold-denominated depositary shares“. Journal of Financial Economics 60, Nr. 2-3 (Mai 2001): 487–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-405x(01)00051-4.

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8

Barr, G. D. I., und D. J. Bradfield. „The role played by bullion and gold shares in international diversification“. Investment Analysts Journal 16, Nr. 29 (Mai 1987): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10293523.1987.11082258.

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9

Bradfield, D. J., G. D. I. Barr und J. F. Affleck-Graves. „Asset pricing in small markets: The South African case“. South African Journal of Business Management 19, Nr. 1 (31.03.1988): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v19i1.965.

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The authors examine the validity of the CAPM for Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) stocks. Additional effects, namely, dividend yield, size and liquidity are also considered using traditional tests. The results indicate that the one-parameter CAPM is well-specified for the JSE. The betas of gold shares, however, are found to be poor predictors of rand returns - but improve when viewed in dollar terms. None of the above-mentioned effects are found to be significant, however, a slight preference for high-yielding gold shares is documented. Explanations for these findings are offered and contrasted with results documented on the NYSE.

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Sulistiowati, Dwi, Maya Sari Syahrul und Ilham Dangu Rianjaya. „Risk Analysis of Gold Sale Price and Investment of Antam Shares Using Expected Shortfall in Pandemic Covid-19“. Jurnal Matematika, Statistika dan Komputasi 17, Nr. 3 (12.05.2021): 428–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/j.v17i3.12779.

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The Covid-19 pandemic caused the price of gold produced by PT Aneka Tambang (Antam) to experience a high increase following the world gold price, while stock investment decreased. Measuring risk is significant in financial analysis; this is related to investment funds, which are quite large and narrow about public funds. This study analyzes the risk data on Antam gold price and Antam stock closing price with an estimated Shortfall (ES). The method used to measure the risk of investing in stocks is ES. ES is the expectation of a conditional loss that exceeds Value at Risk (VaR). To compute ES data showing deviations from normality and Cornish-Fisher expansion. The volatility measurement model used is the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and generalized ARCH (GARCH) model.This study found that the ES value of Antam gold price was smaller than Antam stock price.

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Radianto, Wirawan ED, und Citra Ayuningtyas. „Perbandingan Risk Dan Return Investasi Pada Emas, Saham Dan Reksadana Dalam Menentukan Keputusan Investasi“. AKRUAL: Jurnal Akuntansi 1, Nr. 2 (05.04.2010): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jaj.v1n2.p105-117.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences in risk and return of investment in investment instruments that investigated the third is gold, LQ 45 index and Mutual Funds. Comparative risk and return is to know where the most profitable instruments so that the right to choose in making investment decisions. The sample used is the price of gold, LQ 45 index and NAV shares of mutual funds during the period from 1997 until 2009. One Way ANOVA is used in this study. The results of this study as follows. There is a significant difference of risk and return among gold, mutual fund, and LQ 45 index. Finally it can be concluded that gold is the most profitable investment instruments, it is because the smaller the coefficient of variation, the more profitable an investment.

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Šoltés, Michal, und Monika Harčariková. „Gold price risk management through Nova 3 option strategy created by barrier options“. Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, Nr. 1 (04.03.2016): 49–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(1).2016.04.

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The paper is focused on selected aspects of the hedging using of Nova 3 option strategy created by barrier options, which are appropriate tools widely used for risk management of high risk underlying assets. Financial risk management using option strategies is an effective solution for limiting the loss from underlying asset’s price development. The Nova 3 option strategy is suitable for hedging against increase in price of the underlying asset in case of its purchase in future. In our approach, European up and knock-in call options together with standard put and barrier put options are used for investigation of hedging strategies in increasing markets. Theoretical models of suitable hedged profit functions in analytical expressions are analyzed also from their benefits and risks point of view. Created combinations of these hedging variants have to meet the requirements of zero-cost option strategy. Based on the own theoretical results, the hedged profit portfolio is applied to SPDR Gold Shares, where due to the lack of data on real barrier option premiums, these were calculated according to Haug model. Designed secured variants through Nova 3 option strategy were analyzed and compared to each other with the recommendations of the best possibilities for investors

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Piotrowski, Tomasz. „Dopuszczalność „złotej akcji” w polskim systemie prawa spółek“. Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 21 (04.10.2017): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.21.12.

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The admissibility of the “golden share” in Polish stock companyThe present article is devoted to admissibility of the “golden share” in Polish stock company. The current legislation does not explicitly allow or prohibit the existence of this statutory instrument. The article considered the possibility of granting such special privileges both as a shareholding privilege and as a personal right granted to a shareholder. The admissibility of these concepts has been assessed on the basis of the rules and common rules of company law, as well as the concepts incompatible with them has been criticised. In addition, the issue of statutory “gold shares” of the State Treasury, which grants the relevant minister a right to object to the specific decisions of the company, is outlined. Regulations and concepts under the current and previous law has been compared, as well as the above solutions were compared with the general rules and principles of company law.

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Idrus, Arifudin, Suaib Mansur, Ahmad Ahmad, Rahmayuddin Rahmayuddin und Abdul Abdul. „Occurrences and Characteristics of Gold Mineralization in Rampi Block Prospect, North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia“. Journal of Applied Geology 1, Nr. 2 (26.07.2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.26962.

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This study is aimed to identify the occurences, characterisatics and genetic type of gold mineralization, and to elucidate the preliminary gold potential in the study area. Research method includes field observation of prospect geology, hydrothermal alteration and ore mineralization. Laboratory analysis consists of petrography, ore microscopy and ore chemistry. Geologically, quartz ± gold veins were found in Rampi block prospect, which are mainly hosted by metamorphic and metasediment rocks. The quartz veins has structurally segmented with massive, brecciated and laminated textures. Orientation and distribution of veins is controlled by NW–SE and NE–SW trending structures. Sulfides are present with minor abundance (<1 %). Pyrite is obviously observed and partially oxidized. Arsenopyrite and stibnite are minor, while basemetal (Pb, Zn) sulfides are very rare. Gold mineralization occurred in quartz veins and closely related to silica-clay and silicic alteration. Gold grade varies from 0.1 to 11 ppm Au (29 samples). Quartz veins contained high gold grade (>9 ppm) commonly show laminated and brecciated texture and has been undergone a supergene enrichment. According to several characteristics above, gold deposit in Rampi block prospect tends to meet the criteria of orogenic/mesothermal gold type (cf. Groves et al., 2003). The deposit shares similarities with Awak Mas prospect, which is already confirmed to be a mesothermal type in Luwu district (cf. Querubin and Walters, 2011). Therefore, discoveries of economic mesothermal gold deposits are still open in the metamorphic terrains, and thus, it requires a systematic exploration based on the genetic model of the deposit.

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Myaing, Yu Yu, Arifudin Idrus und Anastasia Dewi Titisari. „Fluid Inclusion Study of The Tumpangpitu High Sulfidation Epithermal Gold Deposit in Banyuwangi District, East Java, Indonesia“. Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 3, Nr. 1 (01.03.2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2018.3.01.1039.

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The Tumpangpitu high sulfidation (HS) epithermal gold deposit is located in the south coast of East Java, Banyuwangi District, East Java Province, Indonesia. This area lies within the central portion of the Cenozoic Sunda‐Banda magmatic arc which trends southeast from northern Sumatra to west Java then eastward through east Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and terminating at Banda sea. The geology of the Tumpangpitu is predominantly occupied by Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene low-K calc-alkaline to alkaline andesitic volcanic rocks and interbedded with volcaniclastic rock sequences, which are associated with low-K intermediate intrusions. The mineralization style at the Tumpangpitu area is composed of a high‐sulfidation (HS) epithermal gold-copper system which is typically associated with concealed gold-rich porphyry copper system. The HS epithermal mineralization is hosted by volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks in this research area. The mineralization domains are divided into Zone A, Zone B and Zone C which are situated along NW-SE-trending silica ledges zones. The HS epithermal mineralization is texturally occurs as vuggy replacements mineralization as well as stockworks, disseminated forms, fractures and veins. Fluid inclusion study was conducted for 6 quartz vein samples which petrographically entrapped fluid inclusions. Homogenization temperature (Th) and melting temperature (Tm) can microthermometrically be determined by fluid inclusion analysis. The average homogenization temperature (Th) of the fluid inclusions gives 180˚C to 342˚C and melting temperature are from -0.1 ˚C to -1.4˚C. Tm corresponds to the salinities ranging from 0.1 to 4.5 wt% NaCl equivalent. The paleodepth of ore formation can be estimated from the salinity of fluid. Since the deposit was not formed at boiling condition, the minimum paleodepth of ore (quartz) samples taken from both shallow level (53.35 m) and deep level (135.15 m) is determined at 650m and 1,220 m, respectively. The microthermometric data point out that the Tumpangpitu deposit formed at moderate temperature and low salinity by magmatic fluid mixing and dilution by meteoric water during the hydrothermal fluid evolution. On the basis of the fluid inclusion microthermometric data and its other key characteristics, the Tumpangpitu gold mineralization shares some similarities compared to other typical HS-epithermal gold deposits worlwide although it also shares few differences.

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Boot, Arnoud W. A. „Hoe verder in ondernemingsland; Wie heeft er nog de macht?“ Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 80, Nr. 6 (01.06.2006): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.80.17530.

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Corporate governance was tot voor kort eenvoudig. Voor de grotere Nederlandse beursvennootschappen gold dat het management tezamen met de Raad van Commissarissen de dienst uitmaakte, en ze moesten het wel heel bont maken voor dat er rumoer ontstond. Aandeelhouders moesten vooral niet te moeilijk doen. Zelfs in de Amerikaanse praktijk was dit niet eens zo anders. Een nogal nostalgische (of misschien naïeve), maar zeer succesvolle Amerikaanse bestuursvoorzitter verwoordde het onlangs nog als volgt: “If you do not like us, sell your shares”.

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17

Callcott, W. Hardy. „Consolidated Gold Fields Plc v. Minorco, S.A.“ American Journal of International Law 83, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1989): 923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203383.

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Minorco, S.A., a Luxembourg mining company allegedly controlled by South African interests, commenced a tender offer for Consolidated Gold Fields, PLC (Gold Fields), a British mining company. Gold Fields, together with its partially owned American subsidiary, Newmont Mining Corp. (Newmont), filed suit in U.S. federal district court to enjoin the tender offer. The district court held that Newmont, the affected American subsidiary, had standing to raise an antitrust claim and issued a preliminary injunction restraining the tender offer. The district court dismissed a claim based on alleged violation of U.S. securities laws for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and held that Gold Fields, as the target company, did not itself have standing to raise an antitrust claim. On appeal, the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (per Newman, J.) reversed in part and affirmed in part, holding that: (1) Newmont had standing under the U.S. antitrust laws to object to the tender offer; (2) Gold Fields also had antitrust standing (by 2-1); and (3) the U.S. courts did have subject matter jurisdiction over Gold Fields’s U.S. securities law claims. Accordingly, the court of appeals upheld the injunction and returned the case to the lower court for further proceedings. On remand, the district court found that inasmuch as Gold Fields had not demonstrated a likelihood that its U.S. securities law claims would be successful on the merits, those claims did not merit an injunction. The court also ruled that Minorco had failed to demonstrate that its plan to hold separate and sell the assets of Gold Fields posing the possible antitrust problem would provide adequate protection, and so kept the injunction against the tender offer in place. As a result, even though a majority of the Gold Fields shareholders had tendered their shares to Minorco and both British and European Communities regulatory authorities had approved the transaction, Minorco was forced to abandon its tender offer.

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Looijestijn-Clearie, Anne. „All That Glitters Is Not Gold: European Court of Justice Strikes Down Golden Shares in Two Dutch Companies“. European Business Organization Law Review 8, Nr. 3 (September 2007): 429–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1566752907004296.

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Lawes, Mario, Martin Schultze und Michael Eid. „Making the Most of Your Research Budget: Efficiency of a Three-Method Measurement Design With Planned Missing Data“. Assessment 27, Nr. 5 (09.09.2018): 903–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191118798050.

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Planned missing data (PMD) designs are an elegant way to incorporate expensive gold standard methods (e.g., biomarker) and cheaper but systematically biased methods (e.g., questionnaires) in research designs while ensuring high statistical power and low research costs. This article outlines a PMD design with one expensive gold standard and two cheap but biased methods (three-method measurement [3-MM] design). The cost effectiveness of different 3-MM-PMD designs is investigated and compared with the cost effectiveness of corresponding same-price two-method measurement designs using a simulation study. The results underline that PMD designs yield higher statistical power compared with complete data designs in a wide variety of conditions. Adding a second cheap method to the measurement model (i.e., using a 3-MM-PMD design) can increase the statistical power of the research design even further while keeping costs constant, when the additional measure is inexpensive, shares only small amounts of bias variance with the initial cheap measure, and when the gold standard measure is highly expensive compared with the cheap measures. Recommendations as well as a computer program for finding the optimal research design are provided.

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Potrykus, Marcin. „ASSESSMENT OF GOLD AND/OR CRUDE OIL AS INVESTMENTS FOR PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION. A WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE CASE STUDY“. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 18, Nr. 4 (30.12.2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2019.18.4.47.

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The purpose of the study is to assess whether the inclusion of investments in gold and/or crude oil improves an investment portfolio consisting of shares of enterprises included in the WIG20 index (traditional investments). All possible combinations of investment portfolios with minimal risk and maximum efficiency were tested. The portfolios were determined based on Markowitz’s portfolio theory. All results were compared with a naive strategy. In total, nearly 55,000 investment portfolios consisting of three, four or five investments were constructed. The study showed that the application of portfolio theory contributes to obtaining better results than a naive strategy. The minimum risk portfolios that included gold and crude oil showed a risk reduction of 0.39 p.p. on average and a maximum cumulative loss of 7.85 p.p. on average. Portfolios with maximum efficiency achieved an average increase in the rate of return of the investment portfolio of 0.024 p.p. and an average increase in efficiency of 0.0256.

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Badge, Dr Jyoti. „EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT PLAN IN INDIA“. Psychology and Education Journal 58, Nr. 1 (15.01.2021): 5096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2063.

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Savings and investments are the two essential ingredients of the capital formation of any country. Now a day’s there are multiple options are available for investments and saving.The present paper focuses on various investment options like Banks, LIC, PPF, Bonds, Mutual Funds, Real estate, Commodity Market, Gold, Equity Shares, Futures & Options, and instruments of the Post Office like NSC & MIS to trace the preference of an investor. A survey of 300 respondents has been carried for finding the best investment options available in the current situation. Data analysis has been done by statistical tools like descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis

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Van Rensburg, Paul. „Macroeconomic variables and the cross-section of Johannesburg Stock Exchange returns“. South African Journal of Business Management 31, Nr. 1 (31.03.2000): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v31i1.732.

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This study adopts the Chen, Roll Ross prespecified variable approach to priced arbitrage pricing theory factor (APT) identification on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). It is observed that the dichotomy in the return generating processes underlying South African mining and industrial shares leads to cross-sectional correlations in the residual errors of linear factor models that do not employ factor analytically extracted explanatory variables. As a result, a 'two residual market factor' approach is introduced in this study. Employing the iterated non-linear seemingly unrelated regression technique of McElroy Burmeister (1988), it is found that the rand gold price, the rate on long bonds, the Dow-Jones Industrial Index and the level of gold and foreign exchange reserves together with the Industrial and All-Gold residual market factors represent priced sources of risk within the framework of the APT over the period 1985 to 1995. The pricing relationships estimated are found to be inconsistent with those implied by the capital asset pricing model. These results are robust across the 'unconstrained intercept' and 'zero beta' cross-sectional model specifications. The findings of the study, however, imply that the influence of macroeconomic variables on the JSE is most parsimoniously expressed in the two factor APT model of Van Rensburg Slaney (1997).

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Jain, Dhiraj, und Khushboo Ranawat. „The effect of demographics on investment choice: an empirical study of investors in rajasthan“. Journal of Management and Science 1, Nr. 2 (30.06.2012): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2012.13.

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Different investors have different choices at different stages This paper examines the association of demographic factors on investment choices. The differences among the different genders were found to be significant for post office schemes, real estate, gold/commodities and shares/equity. The chi-square test shows that investors with higher income group prefer to invest in real estate and females prefer to invest in gold/commodities. The study also reveals that females were conservative while investing and males were aggressive. Most of the investors consult their family members for taking investing decision and invest for the period of 3-5 years. Most of the investors invested their money for the safety and growth of money. There is no association of income, age, gender, occupation on the percentage of income and investors wants to save for the future requirements, but there is significant relationship between qualification and percentage of income save for future requirements. But demographic factors does not effect the investment period. This study shows that there is association of demographic profiles and personality type of the investors with investment choice.

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Samsuar, Alfan, und Pardomuan Sihombing. „DETERMINANT ANALYSIS IN PROPERTY STOCKS INDEX AT INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE“. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science 2, Nr. 2 (17.11.2020): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v2i2.453.

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This research aims to determine those influence of inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, world oil prices and world gold prices against the property sector stock index which registered In Indonesia Stock Exchange. These population of research were all activities from monthly movement of property sector stock index, inflation, exchange rates, BI interest rates, world oil prices and world gold prices. The sample chosen method by purposive sampling where the researcher gathered its data based on proficiency strategies or personal considerations, selecting data based on these following criteria: 1) Availability of macro economic data that affects shares from property sector during January 2016 to December 2019; and 2) Availability of property stock index data from January 2016 till December 2019. The model used in this research was the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). With The results showed that: 1) ISP responsiveness to inflation movements where stumbled or shocks that occur on inflation had positive influence towards ISP movements; 2) Responsiveness of ISP to instability or shocks that occur in exchange rates will negatively affect ISP movements; 3) Those responsiveness of ISP to the BI rate movement was responded positively; 4) Based on these results from research conducted, the ISP responded negatively on stumbled or shocks towards oil price movements; and 5) ISP responsiveness to movements or shocks to gold price had been responded positively by the ISP.

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Phu Ha, Nguyen. „Impact of macroeconomic factors and interaction with institutional performance on Vietnamese bank share prices“. Banks and Bank Systems 16, Nr. 1 (22.03.2021): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(1).2021.12.

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Shares of listed banks in Vietnam gain a lot of interest from investors and regulators. It is important to study the primary drivers of the banks’ share prices. In this context, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gold Price (GP), Ninety-day Interbank Interest Rate (R), and USD/VND Exchange Rate (FX) are selected as representatives for macroeconomic variables. A new contribution of this study is the application of interactive factors between macroeconomics and bank performance (i.e., Equity Capital (E), Deposit Аmounts (D), Loan Amounts (L), Non-performing Loans (NPLs), Leverage (LEV), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA), and Stock Beta (Beta)) in evaluating their impact on bank share prices. Applying the econometric method of Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) and the quarterly financial data of 13 listed banks from Q1/2009 to Q3/2020, the regression results show that GDP improvements can foster an increase in bank share prices, and this impact is strengthened if banks have good performance of ROA, CAR, and with strict control of NPLs. The R also has a positive impact on bank share prices, and the price level increases if NPLs, LEV, and Beta are controlled at optimal levels. However, empirical evidence drawn from the study also suggests that an increase in FX and GP is not a significant contributor to bank share prices, especially if the bank does not manage NPLs and LEV. Moreover, the impact of E, D, and L on the movements of bank share prices is not significant.

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Triyono, Andri, Rahmawan Bagus Trianto und Dhika Malita Puspita Arum. „Penerapan Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LSSVM) dalam Peramalan Indonesia Composite Index“. Jurnal Informatika Universitas Pamulang 6, Nr. 1 (31.03.2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/informatika.v6i1.10237.

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In the era of very rapidly advancing technology like today, both internet technology and computerization have made various corporate agencies or investors start thinking about the importance of the stock market in their capital division. Previously there were various purchases by the company's capital, such: gold, land, buildings, production machines, but at this time the purchase of capital shares should also start to attract attention and these purchases are legal investments. Various kinds of company shares that are sold can already be seen through the internet and it is very easy and attractive for companies that will make capital purchases, even the model can be chosen for both long-term and short-term capital purchases. This stock price forecasting system using the Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LSSVM) method will be very popular with investors to help determine conclusions for buying shares because it can reduce losses or even make the right decisions so that it will increase profits for investors or companies. Least Squares Support Vector Machines is a simpler model and has been modified from the previous model, namely: Support Vector Machines (SVM) method. Solving linear equations can be solved in a simpler way using LSSVM compared to using SVM. The variable used in the network is the close price variable. The kernel that used for this study is the RBF kernel. This study consists of three phases or stages. The first stage uses 400 historical data rows, second stage uses 800 historical data rows, and the third stage uses 1200 rows of data. This research obtains the best result of accuracy in the third stage. The third stage has the smallest MSE value: 0.00025248 by using 1200 rows of historical data.

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Kovacevic-Kojic, Desanka. „About the composition and processing of precious metals from the Serbian medieval mines“. Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, Nr. 50-2 (2013): 853–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi1350853k.

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Account Books of the Caboga (Kabuzic) Brothers 1426-1433 (Squar?o - Reminder, Diary and Ledger) from the Historical Archive of Dubrovnik provide new evidence about the high degree of treatment and composition of precious metals from the Serbian medieval mines. First of all, that the residue, after the purification of unprocessed into fine silver, was copper. Even the price of this process is listed. In the Squar?o, in two items in a receipt from 1430, there is previously unknown data about auriferous silver (argento di glama), the composition of which, besides gold, also included copper, and the precisely determined shares of these metals per litre. Apart from the Account Books of the Caboga (Kabuzic) Brothers, other written sources and hitherto geological explorations have provided no clues regarding the presence of copper in the auriferous silver mines.

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V.N, Vishweswarsastry, Binoy Mathew und Aisha Banu. „Efficient Model Selection for Nifty Index and Impact of Money Supply, Gold and Exchange Rate on S&P Nifty 50“. IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 7, Nr. 2 (10.06.2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v7.n2.p22.

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<div>The economic importance of stock market results from marketability which is increased or increasing resulting from quotation of shares from a stock exchange. Stock Indices attracts most of the investors and volatile to market conditions which affects the return of the investors. The primary objective of the paper is to study the effect of macroeconomic factors on NIFTY secondly to analyse and check the stationarity among various economic indicators and Nifty and thirdly to judge the best model for estimating the nifty. The methodology applied for the study is analytical and an econometric tool like ADF test, ARDL, Pairwise granger causality test and VAR is applied for regressing the index. The Variables was stationary at first order of difference for the nifty to regress for future period which aids investors in decision making.</div>

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Smirnov, V. V. „Financial basis for the modern Russian economy“. Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 19, Nr. 10 (29.10.2020): 1870–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.10.1870.

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Subject. The article investigates the financial basis of the economy of contemporary Russia. Objectives. The focus is on identifying the financial basis of the modern Russian economy, the limits of economic activity, and conditions for economic development. Methods. The study rests on the systems approach, using the methods of statistical, neural network, and cluster analysis. Results. The paper unveils the need to study the financial basis of the modern Russian economy, which is caused by the duration of the transition from the socialist to capitalist socio-economic formation. The assessment of the growth rate of a wide range of statistical data reveals the financial basis of the modern Russian economy, i.e. direct investment, debt instruments, securities other than shares included in broad money, international liquidity, aggregate reserves, money supply. The existing financial basis limits the growth of gross value added, the increase in gross capital formation, etc. It also determines conditions for economic development, like high price of WTI crude oil and low price of gold, high gold price and the strength of the United States dollar. In the current structure of the Russian economy, both options lead to lower final consumption expenditure of the private sector and to limitation of stocks. Conclusions. The understanding of intermediate results of the long transition from socialist to capitalist socio-economic formation enables to define the boundary of the existence of the modern Russian economy. This boundary is generated by its raw material structure and financial basis.

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Hwang, S. P., J. S. Partin und W. J. Lennarz. „Characterization of a homolog of human bone morphogenetic protein 1 in the embryo of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus“. Development 120, Nr. 3 (01.03.1994): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.3.559.

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A cDNA clone encoding a protein homologous to human bone morphogenetic protein 1 (huBMP1) was isolated from a sea urchin embryo cDNA library. This sea urchin gene, named suBMP, encodes a protein of M(r) of 72 × 10(3). The deduced amino acid sequence of suBMP shares 72% sequence similarity (55% identity) with that of huBMP1. Like huBMP1 it also contains an N-terminal metalloendoprotease domain that shares sequence similarity with the astacin protease from crayfish, a C-terminal domain that is similar to the repeat domain found in C1r or C1s serine proteases, and an EGF-like segment. Although suBMP mRNA was detectable at a low level in the unfertilized egg, maximal expression of mRNA was observed at hatched blastula stage, with only a modest decrease in level at later stages of development. In situ hybridization studies revealed that suBMP mRNA is found in both ectodermal and primary mesenchyme cells in hatched blastula-stage embryos. Maximal expression of suBMP was observed at mesenchyme blastula, just before the onset of primitive skeleton (spicule) formation. SuBMP was found by immunoelectronmicroscopy in all cell types in late gastrula stage embryos. The antibody gold particles appeared in small clusters in the cytoplasm, on the surface of the cells and within the blastocoel. This distribution of suBMP, coupled with the finding that it was associated with membranes but was released by sodium carbonate treatment, suggests that the protein is secreted, and subsequently associates with a cell surface component. Two models for the possible function of suBMP in spiculogenesis in the sea urchin embryo are discussed.

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Terzolo, Massimo, Silvia Bovio, Anna Pia, Giangiacomo Osella, Giorgio Borretta, Alberto Angeli und Giuseppe Reimondo. „Subclinical Cushing's syndrome“. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 51, Nr. 8 (November 2007): 1272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302007000800013.

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Subclinical Cushing's syndrome (CS) is attracting increasing interest since the serendipitous discovery of an adrenal mass has become a rather frequent event owing to the routine use of sophisticated radiologic techniques. Cortical adenoma is the most frequent type of adrenal incidentaloma accounting for approximately 50% of cases in surgical series and even greater shares in medical series. Incidentally discovered adrenal adenomas may secrete cortisol in an autonomous manner that is not fully restrained by pituitary feedback, in 5 to 20% of cases depending on study protocols and diagnostic criteria. The criteria for qualifying subclinical cortisol excess are controversial and presently there is no consensus on a gold standard for the diagnosis of this condition. An increased frequency of hypertension, central obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes and hyperlipemia has been described in patients with subclinical CS; however, there is still no clear demonstration of the long-term complications of this condition whose management remains largely empirical. Either adrenalectomy or careful observation associated with treatment of the metabolic syndrome have been suggested as treatment options.

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Müller, Ulrike, Klaus B. Tenberge, Birgitt Oeser und Paul Tudzynski. „Cel1, Probably Encoding a Cellobiohydrolase Lacking the Substrate Binding Domain, Is Expressed in the Initial Infection Phase of Claviceps purpurea on Secale cereale“. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 10, Nr. 2 (März 1997): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1997.10.2.268.

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At the host-pathogen interface of hyphae penetrating host cell walls in the rye ovary, a lack of cellulase-gold labeling of β-1,4-glucan in host cell walls indicates that enzymatic degradation of cellulose might be an important factor during the infection of rye by Claviceps purpurea. Using cbhI from Trichoderma reesei as a probe, a putative cellulase gene (cel1) was isolated from a genomic library of the C. purpurea strain T5. The coding region of 1,616 bp contains two introns and a putative signal peptidase cleavage site, leaving a coding capacity of 437 amino acids for the mature protein. The derived amino acid sequence shares significant homology with other fungal cellobiohydrolases and lacks the substrate binding domain. Expression analysis using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) shows that cel1 is induced during the first days of infection of rye by C. purpurea. It may be involved in the penetration and degradation of host cell walls by depolymerizing plant β-1,4-glucan and, therefore, play a role in the infection process.

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Toniti, Waraphan, Aekkapot Chamkasem, Panpanga Sangsuriya und Pranom Puchadapirom. „Effect of single mutagenesis on the binding pocket of canine estrogen receptor alpha: Structure and binding affinity“. Advances in Modern Oncology Research 2, Nr. 2 (16.06.2016): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/amor.v2.i2.79.

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Hormone-related mammary gland tumors are among the most commonly diagnosed neoplasms in female dogs. Estrogen enacts its biological roles through specific receptors known as estrogen receptors (ER). In human medicine, anti-estrogen therapy has become the gold standard in ER-positive breast tumors’ therapeutic regimen. The binding pocket of the canine estrogen receptor alpha (cERα) ligand binding domain comprises of three key amino acid residues including E354, G522 and L526, which stabilize the cERα-E2 interaction via hydrogen bonding. The side chain of E354 shares hydrogen bond interaction with the A ring of its natural ligand E2, whereas the main chain of G522 and L526 interact with the E2-D ring. The single mutation of the E354 aberrant, along with the hydrogen bond interaction between cERα and both ligands, leads to a variety of binding affinities. According to this in silico model, it may be concluded that E354 plays a role in the cERα activities. The effects of single mutants might need to be studied further in vitro and in vivo.

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Milewski, Ireneusz. „Lýtron. Okup za odstąpienie od oblężenia miasta jako element strategii wojennej Chosroesa I w "De bello Persico" Prokopiusza z Cezarei“. Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza, Nr. 23 (17.12.2019): 143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sds.2019.23.07.

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The author analysed the description of Chosroes’s military campaign as presented by Procopius of Caesarea. Consecutive stages of the war in the years 540–542 are discussed with the main focus on the amounts of ransoms which the Persian king imposed on cities located on the route his army had taken towards Antiochia. Procopius mentions that the shares in the collection were proportionate to the estates and gold reserves owned by inhabitants of a city the ransom was demanded from. It is difficult to estimate the validity of such accounts. Unfortunately, there is no incidental information which could confirm their correctness. The ransom amounts listed by Procopius do, however, raise certain reservations. The author analyses the ransom amounts cited by Procopius and juxtaposes them with the size of a besieged city. The implemented comparison allows for expressing reasonable doubts as far as parts of Procopius’s accounts are concerned. It is confirmed in the instance of Antiochia, from which a considerably small ransom was demanded, whereas much larger sums were demanded from other, much smaller and less affluent towns. Thus, one may doubt the genuineness of some of the data provided by Procopius.

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Napolitano, E. W., J. S. Pachter, S. S. Chin und R. K. Liem. „beta-Internexin, a ubiquitous intermediate filament-associated protein.“ Journal of Cell Biology 101, Nr. 4 (01.10.1985): 1323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.101.4.1323.

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In this article we show a Triton-insoluble, intermediate filament-associated protein of approximately 70 kD to be expressed ubiquitously in diverse mammalian cell types. This protein, assigned the name beta-internexin, exhibits extreme homology in each of the various cell lines as demonstrated by identical limited peptide maps, similar mobilities on two-dimensional gels, and detection in Triton-soluble and -insoluble extracts. beta-Internexin also shares some degree of homology with alpha-internexin, an intermediate filament-associated protein isolated and purified from rat spinal cord, which accounts for the immunologic cross-reactivity displayed by these polypeptides. Light microscopic immunolocalization of beta-internexin with a monoclonal antibody (mAb-IN30) reveals it to be closely associated with the vimentin network in fibroblasts. The antigen is also observed to collapse with the vimentin reticulum during the formation of a juxtanuclear cap induced by colchicine treatment. Ultrastructural localization, using colloidal gold, substantiates the affinity of beta-internexin for cytoplasmic filaments and, in addition, demonstrates its apparent exclusion from the intranuclear filament network. We examine also the resemblance of beta-internexin to a microtubule-associated polypeptide and the constitutively synthesized mammalian heat shock protein (HSP 68/70).

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Ulum, M. B., D. Susetyo und S. Yuliana. „THE EFFECT OF INFLATION, RUPIAH EXCHANGE RATE, BANK INDONESIA SHARIA CERTIFICATE, WORLD OIL PRICES, AND WORLD GOLD PRICES AGAINST THE PRICES DEVELOPMENT OF SHARES IN JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX“. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 81, Nr. 9 (30.09.2018): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2018-09.15.

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Setyawati, Ni Putu Eka Cahya, und Gede Merta Sudiartha. „PEMBENTUKAN PORTOFOLIO OPTIMAL MENGGUNAKAN MODEL MARKOWITZ“. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana 8, Nr. 7 (10.03.2019): 4213. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejmunud.2019.v08.i07.p08.

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Investment can be related to investing some funds in financial assets or real assets such as land, gold, shares, deposits, bonds and other forms. As a party who is make an investment, investors will be faced with a variety of options in investing that has a rate of return and risk-appropriate expectations. The ways that usually used by investors is to diversify through the creation of a portfolio. The aim of this research is to know the stocks that can be inserted into the optimal portofolio as well as the proportions of each of the stocks, that the model established by Markowitz. This research was conducted on the IDX30 index from January 2017 to January 2018, especially in the mining sector and consumer goods. The results showed, from 14 stock, 7 stock was selected as candidate of portfolio optimal Markowitz models. Stocks that are worth being a member of the optimal portfolio by a proportion of the allocation of each fund i.e. stocks ADRO (0.55%), ASII (0.15%), GGRM (17.61%), ICBP (9.46%), MEDC (5.275), UNVR (41.11%), and UNTR (25.86%), it gives the expected portfolio return of 3.2% and with the level of risk of 3.3%. Keywords: optimal portfolio, Markowitz model, mining sector and consumer goods

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Nir, I., und N. Ransom. „S-antigen in rods and cones of the primate retina: different labeling patterns are revealed with antibodies directed against specific domains in the molecule.“ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 40, Nr. 3 (März 1992): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/40.3.1372630.

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S-antigen (arrestin) is a soluble 48 KD protein of the retinal photoreceptor cells. It has been found to have a function in regulation of the phototransduction cascade. Previous labeling experiments with anti-S-antigen (SAg) antibodies have yielded conflicting reports as to the presence of SAg in cone photoreceptor cells. In the present study we employed five monoclonal anti-SAg antibodies (MAb) directed against different known domains in the SAg molecule. MAb A9C6, D9F2, and C10C10 are directed against sequences in the carboxy half of the SAg molecule. MAb 5C6.47 and F4C1 are directed against the amino terminal. Immunoelectron microscopy was used in the localization of SAg in LR Gold-embedded baboon retinas. Green/red and blue cones were identified with MAb COS-1 and OS-2, respectively. MAb A9C6, D9F2, and C10C10 densely labeled rods and blue cones but not green/red cones. MAb 5C6.47 and F4C1 labeled rods and both blue and green/red cones. It appears that, in the baboon retina, different SAg molecules are present in the blue and green/red cones. Whereas the blue cone SAg shares common antigenic determinants with rods, both in the amino and carboxy terminals, the green/red cone SAg contains different antigenic determinants at the carboxy half of the molecule.

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Aguilar-Banegas, Alejandro David, Fredy David Reyes-Cruz, Jesús Antonio Vargas-Pineda und Cesar Humberto Ortega-Jimenez. „Literature Review of Gallium: Conductive Ink Alternative?“ Materials Science Forum 975 (Januar 2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.975.139.

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Although there are currently different applications for gallium in microelectronics, literature is sparse about its applications in the area of conductive inks. The important characteristics to consider from the ink are viscosity, corrosion and surface tension. The importance of viscosity is a critical parameter in the printing ink mixture, which requires a metal to fulfill the function of conductor, such as gold, copper, and silver. Gallium as a conductor replacement is proposed due to the high cost of such metals currently used. The valence electrons are discussed in this paper due to the direct relation that has with metal conductivity, to provide a justified analysis about gallium application in conductive ink. The application of gallium could mean a significant change in conductive ink elaboration process. Thus, the aim of this research is to analyze the application of gallium as conductive ink, which is done by a literature review on gallium as a semi-conductor because of his valence electrons. Results about gallium as a potential conductive ink show that there is evidence that gallium shares similar properties as the current of materials conductive inks being adopted. This first literature review has some implications on the potential use of gallium as a conductive ink, requiring further experimental research to better test for conducting efficiency.

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Aliu, Florin, Orkhan Nadirov und Artor Nuhiu. „ELEMENTS INDICATING STOCK PRICE MOVEMENTS: THE CASE OF THE COMPANIES LISTED ON THE V4 STOCK EXCHANGES“. Journal of Business Economics and Management 22, Nr. 2 (15.02.2021): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2021.14181.

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Stock markets stand as a financial mechanism that provides liquidity for firms and offers diversification benefits for investors. Stock markets in the Eastern European countries are weakform efficient which exposes them to speculative prices. This study investigates the influence of the macroeconomic and firm-specific factors on stock prices of the listed companies within the Visegrad Stock Markets. The study employs regression analyses based on a Pooled OLS and Fixed Effect models with year dummies and standard errors clustered at the country level, which are robust to autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. Data collection consists of 55 listed companies based on the weekly stock prices, from January 2013 till December 2018. The results indicate that total equity is the only significant element that influences the individual stock prices of the companies in the four established models. Additionally, increase in supply of shares declines the current stock prices and the other way around. However, the exchange rate and inflation level indicate a negative influence on the stock prices with weaker significance. The findings show that stock markets of the V4 countries are overall inefficient since important indicators, such as economic activity, debt level, cash flow, firm size, oil, and gold prices have limited influence on the stock price movements.

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Fouilloux, Virginie, Célia Gran, Christophe Guervilly, Jean Breaud, Fedoua El Louali und Pierre Rostini. „Impact of education and training course for ECMO patients based on high-fidelity simulation: a pilot study dedicated to ICU nurses“. Perfusion 34, Nr. 1 (17.07.2018): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659118789824.

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Introduction: Medical and para-medical education is one of the key points of healthcare strategy. Training and education based on high-fidelity simulation is one of the gold standards in modern healthcare institutions. We describe a model of training dedicated to ICU nurses in charge of patients with ECMO. The aim of our educational tool was to teach ICU nurses ECMO basic knowledge and skills. Methods: An ECMO Specialist Course Committee implemented the training programme. It was on two consecutive days and consisted of theoretical, practical and high-fidelity, simulation-based teaching. A content expert implemented each scenario and learning objectives were defined. Participants were assessed pre- and post-test (Group 1 and Group 2). Results: In two years, seven sessions took place and 40 volunteers were enrolled. High-fidelity, simulation-based teaching consisted of seven scenarios. There was a significant improvement in mean score between pre- and post-test. Moreover, we noticed that the basic level (pre-test) of participants was improving over the time. The mean pre-test scores of Group 2 were significantly higher than Group1. Conclusion: The implementation of education and training course for ICU nurses in charge of patients on ECMO is feasible and reliable. It improves nurse personal levels, but also shares in improving the global level of the team to which they belong.

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Allen, Douglas W. „Information Sharing During the Klondike Gold Rush“. Journal of Economic History 67, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2007): 944–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050707000459.

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When George Carmack struck gold in the Yukon territory on 17 August 1896, he freely shared the details and started what would eventually be three waves of rushes. This reflected a social norm of the Klondike, namely that any miner who struck gold would share this information. Miners did not behave this way in other nineteenth-century gold rushes. The article's hypothesis is that the extreme mining conditions and local geography of the Yukon led to very secure property rights over mining claims. Therefore, it took only a small incentive payment to induce miners to act in the social interest.

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Phillips, G. Neil. „Anomalous gold in Witwatersrand shales“. Economic Geology 82, Nr. 8 (01.12.1987): 2179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.8.2179.

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Czapliński, Władysław. „Palestine v. US before the International Court of Justice?“ Polish Review of International and European Law 8, Nr. 2 (20.08.2020): 47–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/priel.2019.8.2.02.

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In December 2017, the administration of President D. Trump decided to move the US embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. On 28.09.2018, Palestine initiated proceedings against the US in connection with the said transfer. According to the ICJ Statute, only the parties of concern can take part in the case before the Court. However, it does open the way for non-member countries that had presented a declaration of submission to the Court’s jurisdiction, to observe. If there are any doubts as to the validity or effects of the declarations, they are decided by the ICJ. In the present case, doubts are connected, in particular, with the status of Palestine as a State, with the status of Jerusalem and with the participation in the proceedings of all interested parties. It is unclear whether Palestine meets the criteria of statehood under international law,and the nation is far from being universally recognized. Nor may the GA Resolution 67/19 be viewed as sufficient collective recognition. Furthermore, we do have reasonable doubt as to whether this is sufficient collective recognition to be essentially constitutive of Palestine’s statehood. This situation is not changed by the acceptance by Palestine of the jurisdiction of the ICC nor accession to UNESCO and to a number of international treaties. On the other hand, the jurisdiction of Israel with respect to East Jerusalem is also disputed. Certain international bodies, including the UNSC, have expressed doubts equally regarding the incorporation of Jerusalem into Israel or that Palestine has claim to the city. The mere submission of a claim by Palestine does not prejudge the existence of a legal title to Jerusalem. The legitimation of Palestine to bring to international court a claim is thus disputable under the law on state responsibility. It is probable that the ICJ would avoid rendering a decision on merits of the dispute, doing so by referring to the principle of Monetary Gold that was formulated by the ICJ in a judgment on 15.06.1954 in a dispute between Italy, on the one hand, and Great Britain, France and the US, on the other. The subject of the dispute was the fate of gold owned by the National Bank of Albania, plundered by Germany in Rome in 1943.In accordance with an arrangement concluded at the Paris Conference on German reparations (14.01.1946), all gold found in Germany that was known to have been plundered was to be returned in proportional shares to the States concerned. In the case of Albania, however, difficulties appeared in connection with two issues: claims by some States (in particular Italy) resulting from nationalisation of the National Bank of Albania, and compensation in favour of the UK due to the ICJ judgement in the Corfu Channel. It was disputable whether the gold belonging formerly to Albania could be redistributed among the unsatisfied claimants without the consent of the Albanian State. The Tribunal avoided the problem and decided that it lacked jurisdiction. It refused to render judgment in a situation in which Albania did not participate in the trial; on the other hand, the ICJ has indicated on what terms Albania could join the proceedings. Albania did not meet the conditions, and the Court decided that it was unable to continue the proceeding.

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Bradfield, D. J., und G. D. I. Barr. „A gold share evaluation model“. Investment Analysts Journal 14, Nr. 25 (Mai 1985): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10293523.1985.11082234.

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Kan, Caixia, Changshun Wang, Hongchen Li, Jingshan Qi, Jiejun Zhu, Zhaosheng Li und Daning Shi. „Gold Microplates with Well-Defined Shapes“. Small 6, Nr. 16 (21.07.2010): 1768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201000600.

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Sanchez-Iglesias, Ana, Marek Grzelczak, Benito Rodríguez-González, Ramón A. Álvarez-Puebla, Luis M. Liz-Marzán und Nicholas A. Kotov. „Gold Colloids with Unconventional Angled Shapes“. Langmuir 25, Nr. 19 (06.10.2009): 11431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la901590s.

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Neo, Harvey, und Victor R. Savage. „Shades of Green, Fields of Gold: Representations, discourse and the politics of golf in Singapore“. Landscape Research 27, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2002): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0142639022000023952.

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Ali, Mohammad, und Sher Akbar. „Brand Tribe Paradoxes: An Overview with Empirical Evidence from Pakistan“. Asian Social Science 16, Nr. 4 (31.03.2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n4p49.

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Due to the increased importance of marketing, concepts of marketing are continually evolving in the digital era. Creation of consumer tribe for brand promotion and consumption is one of the widely discussed concepts in marketing. As per literature, a tribe is a heterogeneous group of people presenting common interest and preferences for a brand. The links between consumer tribes are weak. Marketers through a marketing campaign, try to strengthen this relationship. Tribalism and tribe activity in favor of brand can be done through two approaches. The first approach is the postmodern approach which encourages users to get a higher status (Platinum, Gold or Silver) in the community via spending more. In contrasts, the second approach of a marketer is based on stimulating and activating a group of users through an opportunity or threat, i.e. limited time offers. However, the creation of tribes and the implementation of these campaigns are not well explained in the literature. Marketers always make haphazard efforts between these approaches while making campaigns. Gap has motivated the researchers to explore and investigate these paradigms of brand tribalism in detail. The current research paper explains and compares the two tribalism approaches. Through the collection of data from automobiles users across Pakistan, the authors have validated and compared both frameworks i.e. anthropological tribal approach and postmodern tribal approach. It has been concluded that the anthropologist approach is better in the context of car market of Pakistan. The researchers recommend the practitioners to follow one approach while creating brand tribes in relationship marketing. The article in detail has guidelines for the markers in the automobile industry. The paper also shares future research areas in brand tribalism for academicians.

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Whatnall, Oliver, Kevin Barber und Peter Robinson. „Tailings Filtration Using Viper Filtration Technology—a Case Study“. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 38, Nr. 3 (25.01.2021): 1297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42461-021-00378-y.

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AbstractInvestigation and uptake of filtered tailings continues to grow throughout the globe. This is driven by a wide range of site-specific considerations, which include such factors as tailings characteristics (e.g., amenability to filtration), production rates, climate, water availability, cost drivers, environmental requirements, and social factors. Despite the aforementioned technological growth, the currently available filtration technology is not able to meet the needs of many operations and projects that would otherwise adopt the technology. Experience with large-scale industrial filtration shows that vacuum belt filter systems meet the needs of many modern users, exceptions being the inability to effectively dewater tailings at altitude and/or with a fine particle size distribution: a potential fatal flaw. This paper presents a case study on the utilization of the patented Viper Filtration technology on gold tailings to overcome this challenge and shares the resultant full-scale plant design, highlighting the features designed to overcome cost and scalability deterrents. This technology is a novel mechanical process which complements the vacuum pressure in dewatering the filter cake as it travels along the belt filter. This project commenced with a pilot testing program, which successfully met the objective to rigorously test, measure and record any performance improvements achieved when engaging the Viper technology. Of the two tailings products tested, gross improvements of 4.2%w/w and 5.7%w/w were achieved when compared to the conventional vacuum belt filter operation. This pilot testing facilitated measurement of operating and design data, which forms the basis of the full-scale system design and resultant equipment supply of three vibration roller assemblies for retro-fitting on the existing vacuum belt filter.

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