Dissertationen: „Shareholder’s theory“

1

Arnou, Corentin, und Marcus Hammarstedt. „DOES IT PAY TO BE ESG? : An empirical analysis of sustainability in the Nordic countries from a risk and valuation perspective“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185361.

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In the field of sustainable finance, Environmental-, Social- and Governance-ratings (ESG) have become an acknowledged measurement of a firm's sustainability performance. The increased awareness of sustainability issues in today's society is undeniable. However, based upon contradicting results from previous research, it was uncertain if investors were rewarding a firm’s sustainability efforts in the form of a lower cost of equity. The purpose of this thesis has therefore been to examine the relationship between sustainability, risk and valuation as well as stock-price behavior in times of crisis regarding large firms publicly listed in the Nordic countries. In order to fulfil the purpose, various multiple regression models have been conducted on quarterly data from the period between 2011 to 2020. The approach chosen to examine if ESG has a relation to the cost of equity has been to calculate the implied cost of equity inferred from consensus forecasts of future financial development and stock price at each point in time, also known as the ex-ante cost of equity. Since the independent variable ESG-score was not likely to be the sole variable to affect the independent variables in our multivariate regression models, we have followed previous studies in the choice of control variables. The empirical results of this study showed a significantly negative relationship between a firm’s ESG-score and the cost of equity. In addition, our results showed a significantly positive relationship between a firm’s ESG-score and both the price-to-earnings ratio as well as the price-to-book ratio while no significant relationship between a firm’s ESG-score and the enterprise value to earnings before interest and taxes ratio could be established. Finally, the results of this thesis showed that firms with a greater ESG-score generated excess returns during the latest market turmoil of 2020 caused by the Covid-19 outbreak. This thesis challenges the value-destruction view of ESG-efforts since our results indicate that investors are pricing sustainability risk with a negative risk premium in line with the value creation approach. No causality test has been performed during this study, however several possible mechanisms by which ESG impacts the valuation and crisis resistance have been discussed based upon previous research and the theoretical framework. We argue for the reduced cost of equity to reflect diminished information asymmetry, a larger investor base, improved growth and cash-flow opportunities as well as reduced risk for litigations as aconsequence of a more sustainable business conduct. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study on the topic has been conducted on the Nordic markets. This study fills thus a research gap on the relation between sustainability, risk andequity market valuation and we sincerely hope to have contributed to academia with new approaches.

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2

Suortti, Ilmari. „Shareholder Ownership and the Company as a Social Contract -Bridging the Gap“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Centrum för tillämpad etik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107691.

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This thesis will try to combine shareholder ownership of a company with the notion of viewing thecompany as a social contract.Even if viewing the company as a social contract is usually considered to be part of the stakeholdertheory this view is not incompatible with the shareholder centred approaches.Through motivating the social contract view of businesses and discussion the advantages ofadopting a shareholder centred approach to company ownership this thesis will form the basis of asocial contract that would be agreed by the shareholders of the company. A part of this paper will also be dedicated to discussing how the shareholders could change the current companies to reflectmore closely on the contract they would initially have agreed on.

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3

Solak, Ekrem. „Evolving role of shareholders and the future of director primacy theory“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31353.

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Over the last two decades, US corporate governance has witnessed a significant increase in the incidence and influence of shareholder activism. Shareholder activism, however, has been found to be inconsistent with US corporate governance which is framed within director primacy theory. In this theory, the board is able to carry out a unique combination of managerial and monitoring roles effectively, and shareholders are only capital providers to companies. Shareholder activism is normatively found inimical to effective and efficient decision-making, i.e. the board's authority, and to the long-term interests of public companies. The increasing willingness of institutional shareholders to participate into the decision-making processes of their portfolio companies is at odds with US corporate governance. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to examine whether director primacy theory should be softened to accommodate greater shareholder activism in US corporate governance. This thesis presents an analysis of the legal rules that reflect director primacy theory. In this respect, US shareholders have traditionally had limited participatory power. The way in which the courts perceived the board's authority also stymied shareholder participation. This thesis considers not only legal and regulatory developments in the wake of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, but also the governance developments through by-law amendments which could potentially make an overall change in the balance of power between shareholders and the board. Shareholders are slowly moving to the centre of corporate governance in the US. History has shown that the board of directors often failed to prevent manager-induced corporate governance failures. This thesis argues that shareholder activism is necessary for improving the web of monitoring mechanisms and for a well-functioning director primacy model. Shareholder activism forces the board to more critical about management, which is a prerequisite for the director primacy model. Therefore, this thesis argues that shareholder activism should therefore be accommodated into US corporate governance. The proposed approach addresses accountability problems more effectively than the current director primacy model while recognising the board authority and enhances decision-making processes of public companies. In this regard, it makes several recommendations to soften the current director primacy model: establishing a level playing for private ordering, adopting the proxy access default regime, the majority voting rule, the universal proxy rules, and enhancing the disclosure requirements of shareholders. The present research also demonstrates that contemporary shareholder activism involves many complexities. It contains different types of shareholder activism, which differ by objectives, tools, and motives. It could be used for purely financial purposes or non-financial purposes or both. Furthermore, the concept of stewardship has been developed to address public interest concerns, namely short-termism in the market and pressures by activist funds through shareholder activism. In this way, this thesis develops a complete positive theory about shareholder activism rather than focussing on a specific type of activism. This complete analytical framework constitutes more reliable basis to draw normative conclusions rather than focussing on a particular type of activism.

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Akin-Olugbade, B. A. „Indigenization and the feasibility of corporate control by Nigerian shareholders“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304743.

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5

van, de Velde Melanie. „Beyond shareholder theory : exploring effective business models balancing profits and purpose“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30692/.

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There is increased recognition that an economy based on a ‘shareholder paradigm’ has led to detrimental outcomes for society and the environment based on the assumption that profit maximisation should occur even at the expense of silent or weak stakeholders. Theories such as corporate social responsibility (CSR), shared value and stakeholder theory have added an element of purpose to the role of business next to a profit motive. However, they focus on ‘low hanging fruits’, and fail to clarify how value creation for society is effectively integrated into strategic decisions such as “how to justify fair prices to producers in developing countries instead of minimising costs to maximise profits and shareholder return?” This study explores how to combine the best of both social and commercial logics to effectively achieve ‘profits and purpose’. In total 93 interviews were conducted across ten case studies and sector expert interviews. First, key concepts were derived from a cross-case comparison and data analysis in the context of training and employment social enterprises in the UK. To increase robustness the proposed concepts were studied in a wider context developed from: The Netherlands, India, Ecuador, US, Bangladesh, Ivory Coast, and Ghana. Contrary to the predominant focus in the literature warning of ‘mission drift’ suggesting to prioritise ‘purpose’, this study shows that ‘leading with the business’ leads to better outcomes. By developing a business model around market demand instead of social need a stronger financial platform is created to pursue social aims, and clients can develop their potential more in line with market demand. Key factors are proposed that contribute to better outcomes including: ‘avoiding the pity purchase’ by positioning the enterprise around the value proposition; selecting markets based on commercial potential; managing a ‘blended income stream’; and providing a ‘balanced work environment’. The findings highlight that both commercial and social logics have a role to play, contrary to studies suggesting that one logic should supersede the other, but require different emphasis in each business model area. By adopting a macro-perspective the study gained further insights into incorporating ‘purpose’ as part of mainstream business. A ‘profits for purpose theory’ is proposed as alternative to CSR, shared value and stakeholder theory to legitimately allocate resources to create value for society beyond the limited scope of ‘low hanging fruits’. By integrating principles of justice at the core of the business model, businesses can empower individuals and communities to contribute their potential in return for fair rewards. As Adam Smith proposed by using the profit motive with strong principles of justice major issues in society can be prevented and addressed to create a better world for current and future generations.

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Stikeleather, James A. „Toward a Systemic Model for Governance and Strategic Management: Evaluating Stakeholder Theory Versus Shareholder Theory Approaches“. Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7092.

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The research’s intent is improvement in governance and strategic management initially by comparing Shareholder Theory and Stakeholder Theory and making results useful for both Practitioner and Academic audiences. A conceptual model for how a society establishes and evolves the roles it legitimizes for a business to support reasoning about those roles and the process originating the expectations, responsibilities, obligations, contributions and freedom to act in the roles is proposed. Understanding this process would enable better governance and strategic management of a firm while avoiding unintended consequences when fulfilling the role and consequences for failing the role. The model becomes a basis for comparing Shareholder and Stakeholder Theories. Context for the model comes from practitioner narratives around changes occurring in business and their themes around the relationship of a business with its ecosystem. To incorporate both the societal and business relationship components, the model building process was based upon concepts and ideas from General Systems, Economics, Sociology, Neuroscience, Philosophy, Evolution, Complexity and Complex Adaptive Systems, Semiotics, as well as Business. This was an iterative abductive, inductive, deductive process with each iteration compared to relevant theory, integrated across the subject domains, then tested against other academic research on the issue, evidence of the model in practice, and a culturomics study across social and industry literature. These results are exploratory, descriptive, directional, and suggestive for future research opportunities. Problems with Stakeholder Theory are identified but potentially addressed with the conceptual model, in turn suggesting a systemic approach to governance and strategic management. It was determined that Shareholder Theory results in many unintended consequences detrimental to society and the firm. The conceptual model provides points of intervention in the process and suggests potential tooling for governance and strategic management. A side effect of the research was a perspective on the practitioner / academic divide as the research grappled with the “wicked problem” nature and transdisciplinary nature of process being described. By introducing systems and complexity paradigms in the model, potential ways to address the divide are suggested, such as 3 level analysis (micro, meso, macro).

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Patel, Samir Rajnikant. „Stochastic analysis of capital structure shareholder value and corporate risk“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8263.

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8

Jung, Jin Wook. „Shareholder Value and Workforce Downsizing, 1981-2006“. Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10511.

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Even before the current economic meltdown, waves of downsizing, starting in the late 1970s, had swept corporate America, eroding workers’ expectations of economic security. But not only did downsizing become more prevalent during this period; its basic nature changed. Previously, firms had cut jobs temporarily, to adjust the size of their workforce during a downturn. Since the late 70s, firms have increasingly cut jobs in both good and bad times, in order to boost stock price. My dissertation examines the inter-group power dynamics underlying the transformation of workforce downsizing as a shareholder-value strategy. Examining both downsizing announcements from more than 700 leading U.S. corporations between 1981 and 2006, and actual implementation of the announced downsizing plans, I find at work in the process a shift in ideology, from an emphasis on corporate growth and conglomeration to an emphasis on profitability and shareholder value, an ideology that both reflects and intensifies the growing influence of shareholders over firms and the declining role of labor. My first empirical chapter examines the role of institutional investors and shareholder-value-oriented managers in the transformation. The second empirical chapter examines the potential resistance from labor unions and shows how the anti-union stance of the public policy regime in the 1980s weakened unions’ power to resist. The last empirical chapter examines the role of investors, unions, and executives in the implementation of announced downsizing plans and demonstrates the contested nature of the implementation process. Together, these three chapters illustrate the class politics simmering under the surface of the acceptance of downsizing for shareholder-value maximization, and emphasize the role of agency and power, as constructed by particular institutional logics, not only in promoting but also resisting the process of institutional change.
Sociology

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9

Dahlberg, Linnea, und Frida Wiklund. „ESG Investing In Nordic Countries : An analysis of the Shareholder view of creating value“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149988.

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ESG ratings have become a recognised sustainability performance measurement throughout the world. The Nordic countries Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Norway are ranked top four in the world when it comes to ESG ratings. However, do investors in these countries recognise the sustainability performance of the firms in their investment decisions? The purpose of this study was to see if Nordic investors value ESG factors, by testing for a relationship between high ESG ratings and corporate financial performance. To be able to fulfil this purpose, several multiple regression models were conducted on data for a time-span between 2007-2017 on 108 firm observations and 995 firm-year observations. Corporate financial performance was represented by the dependent variables Tobin’s Q and Return on Assets as measurements for market and accounting performance respectively. The results showed a significant positive relationship between several ESG ratings and market performance, while no significantly positive, nor negative, relationship could be found between accounting performance and ESG ratings. Based on the results from the tests, conclusions were drawn that Nordic investors do value ESG ratings when choosing their investments, indicating that companies can benefit from having good sustainability policies. This thesis challenges the classical view of profit maximisation being the ultimate interest of shareholders, as it shows a positive relationship between ESG and financial market performance. The results indicate that investors take more factors into consideration in their investment decisions than only financial accounting returns. Therefore, conclusions have been made that the Stakeholder theory better explains value creation than the Shareholder theory does. This because the Stakeholder theory emphasises that firms maximise value by taking all stakeholders affected by their business cycle into account, not only the shareholders. Furthermore, based on the results, this thesis concludes that Nordic investors’ interests are in line with the society’s interests as they do value ESG ratings when investing. No previous study on the topic has been conducted on the Nordic market, thus this study fills a research gap on the relationship between financial performance and corporate sustainability.

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Kempe, Christian. „Cash return on capital invested als Methode zur Unternehmensbewertung : Theorie und Empirie /“. Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010526710&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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11

IJmker, Sander. „Shareholder reaction to corporate eco-harmful behaviour: a cross-country comparison between Germany and China“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277361.

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In this study, the difference between shareholder reactions to eco-harmful behaviour by firms in China and Germany are being researched. Previous research has focused on shareholder reaction in developed countries, especially the US. What remains unknown is whether shareholders in developing countries have adopted the same norms concerning the environment as shareholders in developed countries. Institutional theory, legitimacy theory and desensitization theory are examined in this study. An event study was conducted with an [-1,1] and [-1,3] event window surrounding the announcement of eco-harmful behaviour by firms. Events were drawn from relevant news articles and environmental databases. In total 43 events have been discovered over the years 2007 to 2015. Overall, results indicate that the decrease in share prices is not significantly different from zero. However, when comparing China and Germany, evidence is found that Chinese firms are punished more severely than German firms when corporations harm the environment. Contrary to expectations, it can be concluded that the institutionalization of environmental norms has taken place in China, either through internal or global pressures.

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12

Fu, Jinyi. „Financing and Debt Maturity Choices by Undiversified Owner-Managers: Theory and Evidence“. Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07092006-201009/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Management, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Dr. Rajesh Chakrabarti, Committee Member ; Dr. Narayanan Jayaraman, Committee Co-Chair ; Dr. Jonathan Clarke, Committee Member ; Dr. Ajay Subramanian, Committee Co-Chair ; Dr. Richard Phillips, Committee Member.

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13

Aurin, Shaila Nusrat. „Shareholder Values and a Story of Corporate Social and Environmental Negative Events“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42598.

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This dissertation considers the entire process originated by corporate events that impact the environment and the society (ES events). Using a rich hand-collected dataset with 1139 chronological incidents originating from negative corporate social responsibility (CSR)-related events, it explores stock market reactions to each stage within a chain of successive events triggered by negative ES events, including the recurrent, follow-up (either favorable or unfavorable), as well as companies’ response events. We find that the investors respond strongly negatively to negative events (origin, negative subsequent, and negative responses) and strongly positively to positive events (positive subsequent and positive responses). We also find that investors react more negatively to the negative subsequent and recurrent events, as well as company negative responses when they occur sooner after the origin events, whereas promptness of positive subsequent events and positive responses heighten the favorable market reaction. The study also reveals the presence of expectancy violation as investors of high-CSR firm react more negatively to the negative events. In addition, it provides observations suggesting that: (1) investors do not regard positive responses as agency-motivated events, instead they are more concerned about the availability of financial resources when a firm makes remedial responses to a negative ES event; and (2) the market cares about CSR events not solely due to their financial implications, but also because it considers socially responsible operations as a value-enhancing corporate duty.

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Gerhardt, Jens Kahle Egbert. „Konstruktion von Unternehmenswerten : wertorientierte Unternehmensanalyse als Zielfunktion strategischer Planung /“. Taunusstein : Driesen, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/47471439X.pdf.

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15

Lafrenz, Karsten. „Shareholder Value-orientierte Sanierung : Ansatzpunkte und Wertsteigerungspotenzial beim Management von Unternehmenskrisen /“. Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/388111739.pdf.

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Main, Europa-Univ. Viadrina, Diss. u.d.T.: Shareholder Value-orientierte Sanierung - eine kapitalmarktorientierte Analyse des Einflusses von Krisensituationen und Handlungskonzeptionen auf den Sanierungserfolg--Frankfurt, 2003.

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Höjlind, Jonatan, und Wael Shehadeh. „Sustainability performance & Ownership structure on the Nordic market : A quantitative study on the relationship between the two“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185316.

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This thesis investigates the relationship between sustainability performance and ownership structure, measured using the ESG (environmental, social and governance) rating and ownership structure divided into four different ownerships (family/founder, institutional, corporate and governmental). In the pursuit of analysing the relationship between the ESG rating and the ownership structure, this study investigates publicly listed companies within the Nordic countries.This thesis has the aim of examining if a publicly listed company can use sustainability ratings and ownership structure, to understand broader market dynamics and help the manager thru this maximise firm value. Results from this could help them and the public in decision making processes around sustainability initiatives and how these characteristics influence the Nordic market dynamics, by having a better understanding of how the ESG ratings are prioritised among different ownership structures. This knowledge would allow management and the public to better understand how the ESG rating affects firm’s sustainability value as well as how market dynamics of this information is related to the market as a whole and direct competition.Using secondary data collected from Refinitiv database and Nasdaq, this thesis is a deductive and quantitative research that analyses companies for the target year 2020. In addition, this research can be considered to be a historic study.The findings of this research indicate a causal relation between sustainability performance and ownership structure, leading to the conclusion that a different ownership structure might influence and lead to a different score on the scale of sustainability performance. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the governmental ownership structure has the highest positive effect on sustainability performance.Concluding with discussing how this research contributes to the current field of knowledge on the topic through analysing the results using the legitimacy, shareholder, stakeholder and agency theory. The results are aligned with the legitimacy theory on ownership structure and the stakeholder theory. Additionally, the shareholder and the agency theory help with explaining why some structures put less value on sustainability performance than others.From the results one can conclude that sustainability performance is of importance to a varying degree among the different ownership structures. This tells us that there is still a gap in understanding why different ownership structures engage in different sustainability initiatives and future research is needed to examine why different structures engage in it over others.

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Mvita, Mpinda Freddy. „The impact of dividend policy on shareholders' wealth : evidence from the Vector Error Correction Model“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31010.

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Dividend policy is widely researched in financial management, but determining whether it affects the market price per share is difficult. There has been much published on the subject, which presented theories such as the Modigliani, Miller, Gordon, Lintner, Walter and Richardson propositions and the relevance and irrelevance theories. However, little research has been done on the impact of dividend policy on shareholders’ wealth while considering the short- and long-run effects. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used to describe the short-run and long-run dynamics or the adjustment of the cointegrated variables towards their equilibrium values in South Africa. This study attempts to explain the effect of dividend policy on the market price per share. A sample of 46 companies listed on the Johannesburg Securities Exchange (JSE) was selected for the period 1995-2010. Three variables were used, namely the market price per share, the dividend per share and the earnings per share. The market price per share was used as a proxy in measuring shareholders’ wealth and the dividend per share was used as a proxy in measuring the dividend policy. Fixed and random effects models were applied to panel data to determine the relation between dividend policy and market price per share. The fixed effects method was used to control the stable characteristics of the companies over a fixed period. The random effects model was applied when the companies’ characteristics differed. Results for both models indicated that dividend yield is positively related to market price per share, while earnings per share do not have a significant impact on the market price per share. To test the strength of the long-run relationship, the VECM was applied. The coefficient for dividend per share in the co-integrating equation was positive, while the coefficient for earnings per share was negative. This confirms previous research findings. The results suggest that there is a long-run relationship between dividend per share and market price per share. The Granger causality test indicates there is bi-directional Granger causality between market price per share and dividend per share in South Africa. Therefore dividend policy does have a significant long-run impact on the share price and therefore provides a signal about the company’s financial success.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Financial Management
Unrestricted

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Park, Yun W. „The role of controlling shareholders on the use of market and accounting performance measures in CEO incentives, an agency theory and Canadian evidence“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27849.pdf.

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19

Johansson, Jakob, und Hallberg Martin. „Does Corporate Liquidity Affect Dividend Policy? : A Quantitative Study on Public European Firms“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184863.

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This thesis examines the relationship between corporate liquidity and dividend policy. The corporate liquidity is measured by proven liquidity ratios and the dividend policy is divided into cash dividends and share repurchases. In order to examine the possible relationship between corporate liquidity and dividend policy, public European firms are examined. Denmark, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, and the UK are selected based on the similarities in the regulation and market structure in the countries. The thesis aims at furthering the knowledge on the role played by corporate liquidity for dividend policy. In our ambition to investigate the before-mentioned relationship we use a panel data set over five years extracted from Datastream. Any newfound evidence on the subject can help investors, creditors, and other stakeholders in evaluating firms based on their liquidity. We used a deductive quantitative method to analyse the chosen relationship. The study concluded a significant relationship between corporate liquidity and dividend, although negative as opposed to our expectations. With regards to share repurchase, no significant effect was found from corporate liquidity. Free cash flow on the other hand appears to have a positive effect on the amount of share repurchases carried through. We discuss mentioned relationships and attribute them to the mature firms in this sample and the liquidity levels of mature firms.The theories supporting these findings are Agency Theory, Pecking Order Theory, Shareholder Theory, Stakeholder Theory, Liquidity Preference Theory.

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Dotterweich, Alexander. „Wertorientierte Steuerung von Schadenversicherungsunternehmen /“. Karlsruhe : VVW, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/376060956.pdf.

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21

Friberg, Staffan, und Tobias Claeson. „Pay-for-performance? : A study examining the relationship between CEO's remuneration and shareholder wealth in Swedish companies“. Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5964.

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Kountourakis, Stenya [Verfasser], und Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Taube. „Chinese Listed National Oil Companies: an Analysis of the Minor Shareholder within an Agency Theory Framework / Stenya Kountourakis ; Betreuer: Markus Taube“. Duisburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121759499X/34.

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Fischer, Jörg Götze Uwe. „Technologie und Wettbewerbsvorteile : Grundzüge einer Theorie des wertorientierten strategischen Technologiemanagements /“. Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/352652349.pdf.

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Morris, John J. „Measuring the Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems Through the Prism of Accounting Theory“. Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1240275828.

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Currle, Michael Horváth Péter. „Performance Management für IT-Services : Realisierung von Strategien und Steigerung des Unternehmenswertes /“. Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/354037846.pdf.

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Rassau, Stefan. „Strategische Handlungsoptionen im Mobilfunk der 3. Generation aus Sicht eines Netzbetreibers : der Realoptionsansatz als Instrument wertorientierter Unternehmensführung im Kontext dynamischer Märkte /“. Hamburg : Kovač, 2005. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-1947-5.htm.

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Cury, Maria Fernanda Calado de Aguiar Ribeiro. „Onerosidade excessiva em acordo de acionistas“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2132/tde-11022015-104811/.

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Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação sobre o alcance da aplicação da teoria da onerosidade excessiva, prevista nos artigos 478 a 480 do Novo Código Civil, aos acordos de acionistas, tipo contratual cada vez mais presente na realidade empresarial brasileira. Especial atenção é dada ao fato de que o acordo de acionistas está inserido em um contexto marcado não só por um ambiente negocial e mercadológico sujeito a acontecimentos imprevisíveis que podem desequilibrar as prestações de forma excessivamente onerosa para uma das partes, mas também marcado por um equilíbrio na composição do conteúdo contratual e na alocação de riscos correspondente combinados pelas partes. Para isso, serão analisadas as questões relativas ao alcance da aplicação do mecanismo de reequilíbrio contratual mencionado em acordo de acionistas, à identificação do objeto do conteúdo contratual que contém o programa de alocação de risco e ao elemento-guia utilizado pela jurisprudência nesse sentido, uma vez que foi o uso desenfreado do reequilíbrio contratual que fez com que este fosse quase expulso da sistemática contratual durante o período clássico. A pesquisa apontou como elemento-guia autorizador da aplicação da onerosidade excessiva pelos órgãos judiciais estudados a conjunção da identificação dos critérios legais com a identificação do fato de a onerosidade excessiva estar além daquele risco implícito e da álea normal da natureza do negócio jurídico celebrado. Tais resultados apontam para uma criteriosa possibilidade de correção de desequilíbrio contratual compatível com a dinâmica e o ambiente dos acordos de acionistas
This work presents an investigation concerning the scope of application of the excessive onerous theory, provided in articles 478 to 480 of the Brazilian Civil Code, in the sharesholders agreement matter, a contractual type increasingly present in the Brazilian business reality. Special attention is given to the fact the sharesholders agreement is inserted in a context characterized not only by the negotial and market environment subject to unpredictable events that may disrupt the provision in an excessive onerous way to a relevant party, but also characterized by a balance in the composition of the content and of the contractual allocation of risks combined by the relevant parties. For this, we analyze the issues related to the scope of application of the mentioned contractual rebalancing mechanism in the shareholders agreement matter, to the identification of the contractual content object that contains the risk allocation program and to the guide-element used in the jurisprudence in this sense, since it was the umlimited use of contractual rebalancing that caused this was almost kicked out of the contractual systematically during the classical period. The survey pointed out as guide-element to the application of excessive onerous by the legal courts studied the association of the legal criteria identification with the identication of the fact that the excessive onerous being beyond that inherent and normal risk concluded of the nature of the legal business. These results point to the possibility of a careful correction of contractual imbalance compatible with the shareholders agreements dynamic and environment.

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Hofmeister, Pedro. „Executive pay, firm performance and shareholder return: the case of Brazilian public firms“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/20691.

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This study focuses on the relation between the pay and performance of executives of Brazilian publicly listed firms. We used a series of multiple linear regressions with OLS estimation to investigate whether compensation is positively associated with shareholder return. Our sample includes 525 observations and comprises a three-year period (2014, 2015 and 2016). We find that, in general, pay is positively associated with performance but that this sensitivity is not sufficiently large. We also confirm that stock-based compensation and a higher governance level are important for aligning pay and performance. Firms with concentrated ownership tend to pay less, which suggests that monitoring decreases the need of pay to align incentives or reduces the power of executives to set their own compensation. Finally, our model suggests that fixed compensation is adjusted to meet the reservation utility and information rent whereas variable compensation serves to address moral hazard.
Este estudo enfoca a relação entre remuneração dos executivos, desempenho da empresa e retorno para o acionista de executivos de empresas brasileiras de capital aberto. Utilizamos uma série de regressões lineares múltiplas com estimativa de mínimos quadrados comuns (OLS) para investigar se a remuneração dos executivos está positivamente associada ao retorno do acionista. Nossos dados foram coletados do Formulário Referência da BM&FBOVESPA (equivalente ao SEC 20-F), Economatica e Bloomberg, e nossa amostra incluiu 525 observações e compreende um período de três anos (2014, 2015 e 2016) com dados de 175 empresas. Concluímos que, em geral, o pagamento está positivamente associado ao desempenho, mas que essa sensibilidade não é suficiente. Também confirmamos que a remuneração que inclui opções, bem como empresas com um nível de governança superior são fatores importantes para alinhar o salário e o desempenho. As empresas com controle concentrado tendem a pagar menos, o que sugere que o monitoramento diminui a necessidade de incentivos financeiros para alinhar interesses ou diminui o poder dos executivos para estabelecer sua própria remuneração.

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Law, Camilla, und Sanna Pettersson. „The Dark Side of CSR : Is a firm’s social responsibility caused by agency problems?“ Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414072.

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It is claimed that Swedish firms are at the forefront of integrating sustainability into their businesses. This study assesses whether a relationship between Corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and managerial agency problems exists in Swedish listed firms. The rationale of the study lies on whose preferences are fulfilled and if these activities are caused by incentives to maximize shareholders’ value or by incentives to extract managers’ personal benefits. An ordinary least squares (OLS) fixed-effects panel regression is conducted to investigate this relationship where the results show an insignificant and mostly positive relationship between CSR activities and the managerial agency problems as measured by the Environmental, social and governance (ESG) score. Therefore, we are not able to reject nor confirm that CSR activities are driven by managerial agency problems. However, our findings are surprisingly also presenting a significant and negative estimate for Tobin’s Q and ROA. This implies that CSR activities are not caused by value-creating incentives for the shareholder. However, if CSR activities are caused by managerial agency problems or other reasons remains unconfirmed.

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Junker, Lukas. „Equity carveouts, agency costs, and firm value /“. Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/497325225.pdf.

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Ahlström, Johannes, und Michaela Ficeková. „The relationship between current financial slack resources and future CSR performance. : A quantitative study of public companies in the Nordic Markets“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137563.

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Companies are expected to be good corporate citizens and fulfil expectations of both shareholders and stakeholders. Depending on their corporate objectives, companies undertake different CSR activities using their preferred financial resources. The relationship between these two notions is interesting to investigate in the Nordic context since companies in this geographical area are the global leaders in sustainability. We formulate the following research question as: What is the relationship between financial slack and the CSR performance in Nordic countries? As such, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate the underpinnings of whether companies choose to allocate their financial slack resources towards improving performance of CSR, or so called value creation. Doing so, we investigate the relationship between financial slack resources and CSR score. In adopting a regulatory position on the development of society, we conduct our research in accordance with the functionalist research paradigm, namely through commitment to the objectivist ontic and positivist epistemic research philosophies. We answer the research question using the deductive approach. Our research design is framed with an explanatory purpose relying on archival strategy to perform a quantitative study. The theoretical underpinnings for analysis comes in the form of legitimacy theory, the institutional differences hypothesis, Resource-based theory, slack resources theory, stakeholder and shareholder theory. We use multiple linear regressions to analyse cross-sectional data for the period between 2005 and 2015 collected from Thomson Reuters DataStream. Our result indicates that the relationship between financial slack and CSR performance in the following year is mixed with both positive and negative relationships being present. Our most important finding is a pattern indicating that during the year 2008 the relationship changed from being positive to negative. This implies that the more funds a company has at its discretion, the less likely it is for them to invest it in developing their CSR performance the following year. This could have severe negative implications on shareholders, stakeholders and society.

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Meyer, Konrad. „Wertorientiertes Projektmanagement in der Pharmaforschung /“. Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/376903376.pdf.

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Wille, Kai. „Customer Equity : Grundlagen der kundenwertorientierten Unternehmungsführung /“. Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/499539982.pdf.

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Weishaupt, Till. „Corporate Governance von humankapitalintensiven Unternehmen“. Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985245301.

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Damisch, Peter Nicolai. „Wertorientiertes Flexibilitätsmanagement durch den Realoptionsansatz /“. Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/354036262.pdf.

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Koryciorz, Sven. „Sicherheitskapitalbestimmung und -allokation in der Schadenversicherung : eine risikotheoretische Analyse auf der Basis des Value-at-Risk und des Conditional Value-at-Risk /“. Karlsruhe : VVW, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/379624486.pdf.

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Enström, Frida, und Emma Hermanssson. „Utvärdering av hållbarhetsredovisning : En studie som visar viktiga faktorer vid aktieägarnas utvärdering och jämförelser av hållbarhetsredovisningar“. Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-14152.

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Bakgrund Idag inkluderas arbetet med CSR i företagens verksamheter och de upprättar också hållbarhetsredovisningar vilket är en följd av ökade påtryckningar från samhället och företagets intressenter, däribland aktieägare. Tidigare studier konstaterar att informationen i hållbarhetsredovisningar varierar väldigt mycket vilket försvårar möjligheten att som läsare kunna utvärdera olika hållbarhetsredovisningar och jämföra mellan olika företag. Till exempel måste aktieägarna tolka och värdera CSR-aktiviteterna på rätt sätt för att det ska skapa ett värde för dem. Företagets arbete med CSR kan skapa värde genom att det ökar förtroendet hos intressenterna och vid negativa händelser skyddar det företaget. Syfte Vårt syfte är att bidra med förståelse för hållbarhetsredovisningens användbarhet vid en jämförelse mellan olika företag samt vilken information som är viktig för aktieägare att utvärdera i hållbarhetsredovisningar. Genomförande Vi har genomfört vår studie i linje med den kvalitativa metoden. Vi har samlat in empiri via sex semistrukturerade intervjuer. Analysen av det empiriska resultatet i förhållande till de teorier och de tidigare studierna som presenterats i vår teoretiska referensram har lett till fram till vår slutsats. Resultat Studien visar att transparens, trovärdighet och väsentlighet är viktiga faktorer för aktieägare att utvärdera i hållbarhetsredovisningar. Aktieägare bör dessutom utvärdera risker, samt sannolikheten att dessa kommer inträffa och vad det kommer att få för konsekvenser. Vår studie visar att hållbarhetsredovisningarna är användbara vid en jämförelse mellan olika företag eftersom utvärderingen sker utifrån helhetsperspektiv, vilket gör att aktieägarna kan bortse att hållbarhetsrapporterna redovisar olika slags information.
Background Today companies include CSR in their operations and establish sustainability reports which is a consequence of increased pressure from society and company stakeholders, including shareholders. Previous studies find that the information in sustainability reports varies, which complicates the ability of readers to evaluate different sustainability reports and compare it between companies. For example, to receive value from the CSR-activities, shareholders must in a correct way interpret and value the activities. Companies' work with CSR can create value for shareholders by increasing the trust of stakeholders which leads to protection of the company when negative events occur. Purpose Our purpose is to contribute to understanding the use of sustainability reports when comparing between different companies and what information that is important for shareholders to evaluate in sustainability reports. Methods We conducted our study in line with the qualitative method. The empirical data was gathered through six semi-structured interviews. Analyses of the empirical result in relation to theories and previous studies presented in our theoretical framework led to our conclusions. Results This study shows that transparency, credibility and essential are important factors for shareholders to evaluate in sustainability reports. Shareholders should also evaluate risks, as well as the probability that these will occur and what it will have for consequences. Our study shows that sustainability reports are useful when comparing different companies because the evaluation is based on the comprehensive picture, which allows shareholders to ignore the fact that the companies report different types of information.

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Beyer, Andreas Stephan. „Wertorientiertes Innovationsmanagement /“. Lohmar : Eul, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/358294932.pdf.

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Faust, Martin. „Bestimmung der Eigenkapitalkosten im Rahmen der wertorientierten Unternehmenssteuerung von Kreditinstituten /“. Marburg : Tectum-Verl, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/350134898.pdf.

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Kalbfell, Ulrich. „Ertragswertbasierte Abschreibungen zur Verhaltenssteuerung mit Residualgewinnen /“. Hamburg : Kovač, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/373351305.pdf.

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Stienemann, Marc. „Wertsteigerung durch Desinvestitionen /“. Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/366292889.pdf.

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Schroeder, Nina. „Kundenwert als zentrale Größe zur wertorientierten Unternehmenssteuerung /“. Hamburg : Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2212-3.htm.

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Huang, Kenny, und Kevin Munge. „Verksamhetsstrategier mot blankning : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om svenska bolagens styrsätt för att motverka blankning“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105744.

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Introduktion: Blankning är ett sätt för en investerare att tjäna på att bolagets aktiekurs faller och har anklagats för att vara bakomliggande orsak till flera finansiella kriser. Det finns olika anledningar till att ett bolag blankas, likaså kan ett bolag påverkas av blankningen på olika sätt. Den befintliga forskningen behandlar främst den amerikanska marknaden och de tekniska åtgärder bolagen utövar för att minska blankning. Därmed finns det en lucka i forskningen kring huruvida svenska bolag verkställer strategier eller inte för att mildra blankning. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka om svenska bolag verkställer strategier för att motverka blankningsnärvaro och förstå varför bolag har valt att styra på ett visst sätt vid en blankningssituation. Metod: Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ forskningsansats och nyttjar empirisk såväl som teoretiskt material för att kontrastera den teoretiska referensramen med upptäckter i den empiriska data. Den primära datainsamlingen utgörs av semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra av de femton mest blankade bolag enligt Finansinspektionen för april 2021 där analysering av den empiriska data har följt en trestegsprocess bestående av beskrivning, systematisering och kombination. Slutsats: Studien har visats sig att de fyra bolag som har intervjuats inte sysslar med aktiva strategier mot blankning eftersom det finns en överensstämmande bild bland bolagen att det ska vara en fri marknad och att aktörerna får ta egna beslut. Resultatet visar att de svenska bolagen fokuserar på det långsiktiga tillväxt och att bibehålla transparens gentemot marknaden som i slutändan ska rättfärdiga deras värdering.
Introduction: Short selling is a way for an investor to gain profit when a stock drops in price and the practice has been accused of being the reason behind several financial crises. There are various reasons why a company gets shorted, which affects the company in many ways. Previous studies have only processed short selling in the US market and technical actions that companies enforce to reduce short interest. However, there is a lack of studies about the Swedish market and strategies, if any, that Swedish companies work with to reduce short interest. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine whether Swedish firms execute strategies or not to counteract the presence of short selling positions and understand why the firms have chosen to manage in a certain way during a short selling situation. Method: The study was conducted with a qualitative approach and uses both empirical and theoretical material to contrast the theoretical framework with the discoveries from empirical data. The primary data collection consists of semi-structured interviews with four out of the fifteen most shorted companies according to Finansinspektionen for April 2021, whereas the data was analyzed using the three-step process consisting of description, systematisation, and combination. Findings: The study shows that the four firms interviewed do not actively work with strategies against short selling as there is a consensus amongst the firms that the market should operate freely and that the participants make their own decisions. The result shows that the Swedish firms focus on the long-term growth of the company and to maintain transparency towards the market which in the end should justify their valuation.

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Anger, Michael [Verfasser], Andrea [Akademischer Betreuer] Maurer, Andrea [Gutachter] Maurer und Carsten [Gutachter] Herrmann-Pillath. „Self-Fulfilling Theory. Eine mechanismenbasierte Perspektive auf die Performativität ökonomischer Theorien am Beispiel des Shareholder-Value-Ansatzes / Michael Anger ; Gutachter: Andrea Maurer, Carsten Herrmann-Pillath ; Betreuer: Andrea Maurer“. Trier : Universität Trier, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216702527/34.

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Fechtel, Achim. „Wertorientiertes, strategisches Management von Mehrgeschäfts-Unternehmungen /“. Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/du/services/toc/bs/328985430.

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Lyon-Caen, Clément. „Consequences of the presence of politicians or employees in the board of directors on the efficiency of firms“. Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10029/document.

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Cette thèse étudie l’impact de la composition du conseil d’administration sur la performance financière d’une entreprise. Elle est composée de trois chapitres. Dans le premier chapitre, nous effectuons une revue de la littérature sur les conseils d’administration. Nous pointons l’évolution de la gouvernance des entreprises au cours des dernières décennies, et montrons en quoi l’efficacité des conseils d’administration est devenue un sujet majeur de ce champ de recherche et une préoccupation importante des actionnaires et des régulateurs. En particulier, après avoir présenté le cadre théorique de la gouvernance, nous présentons les résultats des articles académiques étudiant l’impact de la composition du conseil d’administration sur la performance de l’entreprise. Dans les deuxième et troisième chapitres, nous étudions l’impact de la présence de différents types d’administrateurs au sein du conseil. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous proposons un modèle théorique pour tenter de comprendre et de déterminer l’impact de la représentation salariale au conseil d’administration sur la valeur actionnariale de l’entreprise et sur l’horizon de ses investissements. Nos résultats suggèrent que la représentation salariale peut s’envisager comme un choix, pour les actionnaires, entre liquidité et information. Nous montrons que lorsque des représentants des salariés siègent au conseil d’administration d’une entreprise, celle-ci a une plus grande probabilité d’investir dans des projets à long-terme qu’une entreprise sans représentation salariale. Nous montrons également que les salariés ayant accès à une information interne précieuse, leur présence au conseil d’administration peut permettre d’augmenter la valeur actionnariale de l’entreprise. Ainsi, nous proposons un modèle de la représentation salariale cohérent avec certaines études empiriques. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions empiriquement l’impact des connexions politiques sur le taux d’intérêt d’emprunts bancaires en utilisant un échantillon de prêts concernant des entreprises de plusieurs pays. Si ce sujet a déjà été largement traité, nous proposons une nouvelle définition de la connexion politique que nous subdivisons en deux catégories, selon l’exposition médiatique, forte ou faible, des politiciens. Les politiciens les plus en vue sont aussi ceux pour lesquels le risque d’être soupçonné de conflit d’intérêt ou de manquement à l’éthique est le plus important, et pour qui le coût d’un scandale est le plus élevé. Aussi discriminons-nous les connexions politiques selon qu’elles impliquent des politiciens très en vue ou des politiciens à un niveau inférieur. Cette division se fonde sur l’hypothèse que les politiciens les plus exposés sont, ayant le plus à perdre d’un scandale, disposent de la marge de manœuvre la plus réduite en tant que dirigeants d’entreprise et sont donc les moins à même d’impacter la performance de l’entreprise. Nos résultats confortent la pertinence d’une telle redéfinition de la connexion politique en fonction de la visibilité des politiciens concernés. Nous montrons en particulier que les entreprises politiquement connectées qui empruntent auprès de banques politiquement connectées le font à des taux significativement inférieurs à celles non connectées, et que cet effet est plus important lorsque la connexion de l’emprunteur passe par un politicien moins exposé. Nos résultats suggèrent que l’effet est encore plus fort si la banque est elle aussi connectée par l’intermédiaire d’un politicien moins exposé. Par ailleurs, nous montrons que les entreprises connectées politiquement empruntent significativement moins auprès de banques connectées par l’intermédiaire d’un politicien très exposé médiatiquement. Nos résultats suggèrent enfin que cet effet est plus fort à l’approche d’élections, un moment il est particulièrement coûteux pour un politicien d’être soupçonné de manquement à la déontologie
This thesis studies the impact of the composition of the board of directors on the firm financial performance. It consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, we review the literature on boards of directors. We show the evolution of corporate governance over the past decades, and how the efficiency of boards of directors has became a key issue for shareholders and regulators. After describing the theoretical and historical framework, we present and discuss the academic papers studying the impact of board composition on the firm performance. In the second and third chapters, we examine the impact of the presence of different directors on the board. In the second chapter, we provide a theoretical model that aims at understanding and determining the impact of employee representation on the board of directors on the shareholder value of the firm and on its investment horizon. Our results suggest that with employee representation, shareholders face a tradeoff between liquidity and information. We show that a firm with employee representation is more likely to invest in long-term rather than in short-term projects and that, because employees have access to valuable inside information, their presence on the board may increase the shareholder value. Consistent with some empirical studies, we offer some theoretical support for employee representation on the board. In the third chapter, we study the impact of political connections on the rate of interest of bank loans. We conduct a cross-country study of the impact of political connections on bank loans interest rates. While this topic has already been widely investigated, we offer a new definition of political connection. We subcategorize political connections into two categories: politicians with a high media exposure, and lower level politicians. Politicians with business ties bear the risk of being suspected of ethics breaching or of having conflicting interests, which can be costly for their reputation. We discriminate the political connections of firms based on the idea that with greater exposure comes greater risk of suspicion, and thus smaller ability to impact the firm performance. We study the impact of political connection of the borrower as well as of the lender on interest rates. Our results give support to our definition, as we find significant differences depending on the level of visibility of the political connections of the borrower and of the lender. Our results show that politically connected firms which borrow from politically connected banks enjoy a significantly lower rate if they are connected with lower level politicians. Our results suggest that the rate is even lower if the bank also is connected with lower level politicians. Furthermore, our results suggest that politically connected firms tend to avoid borrowing money from banks that are connected with top politicians. Our results also suggest that this effect is stronger in pre-election periods, when the potential cost for politicians of being suspected of collusion is higher

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Larsson, Mimmi, und Josefine Saulo. „Cirkulär ekonomi : Företags motivation till en cirkulär affärsmodell“. Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17079.

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Bakgrund: Världsekonomin har länge präglats av en linjär ekonomi, ett system som inte är hållbart och ett hot mot en framtida stabil ekonomi. Cirkulär ekonomi har lyfts fram som ett mer hållbart alternativ. Företagen är de som behöver vara drivande för att en omställning från linjär ekonomi till cirkulär ekonomi ska vara möjlig och en del företag har redan idag påbörjat detta arbete genom att implementera en cirkulär affärsmodell i sin verksamhet. En del tidigare forskning visar på ekonomiska fördelar för företag som arbetar med cirkulära affärsmodeller, en del visar på ekonomiska nackdelar. Denna studie vill bidra både teoretiskt och praktiskt genom att studera företags drivkrafter till att styra till en cirkulär affärsmodell och därmed undersöka om det finns andra drivkrafter än ekonomisk lönsamhet. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka drivkrafter som motiverat företag till att börja arbeta med cirkulär ekonomi. Genom att studera företagens syn på intäkter och kostnader i samband med att ställa om till en cirkulär ekonomi ämnar studien bidra med bättre förståelse för vilken påverkan ekonomisk lönsamhet har på företags beslut om hur verksamheten ska styras. Syftet är även att undersöka om det finns andra drivkrafter än ekonomisk lönsamhet som påverkar motivationen till att styra till en cirkulär affärsmodell. Då studien ämnar bidra med förståelse för vilka drivkrafter företag har haft till att börja arbeta på detta sätt bör studien vara av intresse för de beslutsfattare som verkar för att företag ska styra sin verksamhet till en cirkulär ekonomi. Metod: För att svara på studiens frågeställning och uppfylla syftet har kvalitativ metod använts i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med företag som påbörjat sitt arbete med en cirkulär affärsmodell. De teorier som används i studien för att analysera den empiri som samlas in är aktieägarteorin, intressentteorin och självbestämmandeteorin. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet från de företag som deltagit i studien visar att möjlighet till positiv påverkan på intäkter och kostnader på kort sikt inte haft särskilt stor inverkan på beslutet att styra till en cirkulär affärsmodell. En del arbetar med cirkulär ekonomi trots att de i dagsläget ser negativ ekonomisk påverkan av det, att kortsiktigt öka vinsten tycks inte varit vad som motiverat till att styra mot en cirkulär affärsmodell. Det som snarare tycks motivera företagen är att en cirkulär affärsmodell hjälper dem leva upp till svensk lagstiftning och ökade miljökrav, samt att det finns en vilja att minska sin klimatpåverkan. Förutom detta framkommer det att kundernas och marknadens efterfrågan på miljövänliga alternativ är något som i stor utsträckning motiverat företagen att arbeta för en cirkulär ekonomi. Resultatet går till viss del i linje med tidigare forskning. Det som skiljer sig är att lagar och miljökrav samt miljöintresse är mer framträdande än tidigare forskning visat. Det vore därför intressant att i vidare studier undersöka drivkrafter till cirkulära affärsmodeller utifrån institutionell teori. Det vore även intressant att studera skillnader vid en jämförelse mellan små, medelstora och stora företag eller börsnoterade och onoterade företag.
Background: For a long time, the world economy has been built on a linear economy, a system that is not sustainable and a threat to a sustainable future economy. A circular economy has been raised as a more sustainable alternative. It has been brought forward that the firms will have to lead the work towards a circular economy for the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy to be possible, and some firms have already started this work by implementing a circular business model. Some previous studies have shown that a circular business model generates economic benefits, some have shown economic disadvantages. This study aims to give theoretical and practical contributions by studying the drivers that has determined companies to implement a circular business model, and thereby examine if there are other drivers than economic profitability. Purpose: The aim of the study is to explore which drivers have motivated firms to start working towards a circular economy. By studying the firm’s view on revenues and costs in conjunction with their work for a circular economy the study aims to contribute with knowledge regarding to which extent economic profitability has an impact on the decision to change the business model. An additional aim with the study is to explore if there are other drivers that has had an impact on the motivation to direct the business towards a circular business model. Since the study aims to contribute with understanding regarding which drivers that have motivated firms to work this way, the study should be of interest for decision makers who want firms to start working towards a circular economy. Method: To answer the research question, and to achieve the purpose of the study, a qualitative method has been used by conducting semi-structured interviews with firms which are working with a circular business model. The theories that have been used to analyse the empirical data are the shareholder theory, the stakeholder theory and the self-determination theory. Result and conclusion: The result shows that the opportunity to have a positive impact on revenues and costs in the short term has not had an impact on the decision to direct the business towards a circular business model for most of the companies that have been a part of this study. Some of them work toward a circular economy even though it currently has a negative impact on their profit. Economic profitability in the short term does not seem to have been what has motivated them into directing the business towards a circular business model. It seems that they would rather have been motivated to work with a circular business model because they need to follow environmental regulations and live up to certain environmental requirements in procurement, together with a will to lower their impact on the environment. Besides this it appears that the demand for environmentally friendly products from the company's customers and the market in general is something that has motivated the companies to work towards a circular economy. The results comply with earlier studies to some extent. Differences are that drivers in terms of laws and environmental requirement in procurement are mentioned more in this study than in earlier studies. For further studies it would therefore be interesting to study drivers for a circular economy using institutional theory. It would also be interesting to study differences between drivers for small, medium and large companies, or differences between listed and unlisted firms.

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Frisk, Emelie, und Wictoria Nyqvist. „Kopplingen mellan CSR och Corporate Governance“. Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Business and Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3148.

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Syfte: Avsikten med studien är att undersöka relationen mellan CSR och corporate governance, från teori och praktik.

Metod: Med bakgrund av forskningsfrågorna tillämpas den induktiva vägen eftersom vi ser på praktiken, men tolkar teorin utifrån den teorietiska referensramen tillsammans med empirisk data från två företag som undersökningsobjekt, vilket även leder till abduktion. En kvalitativ datainsamling bestående av främst sekundär-, men även primärdata har även genomförts.

Teori: Utgångspunkten ligger i teorierna CSR och corporate governance. För att öka förståelsen för dessa begrepp har teoriavsnittet utökats med angränsande teorier, som till exempel intressentteorin, legitimitetsteorin och triple bottom line.

Empiri: I empirin presenteras Swedbanks och Sveaskogs perspektiv och arbetssätt med CSR tillsammans med en djupintervju med en respondent från Sveaskog, vilket visar på ett välutvecklat engagemang med CSR där etik och miljö är framstående områden.

Slutsatser: Vår studie visar att det föreligger samband mellan CSR och corporate governance, vilket kan tolkas ur flera olika perspektiv. En av dessa kopplingar återfinns i de två fenomens etiska ansvarstagande, när det gäller integritet i affärer och styrelsers implementering av etiska standards. Sambandet mellan CSR och den svenska koden ligger inte i Kodens riktlinjer, utan i dess syfte och mål. Andra relationer återfinns i förtroendet och det är inom de båda ägarstrukturerna viktigt att visa upp ett starkt CSR-engagemang, eftersom detta bidrar till att skapa en positiv bild av företaget, stärka varumärket samt ge företaget legitimitet inför sina intressenter. Ett vidare intressentperspektiv är tydligt i statligt ägda bolag på grund av statens ägarpolicy, där CSR är en central del för ett föredömligt agerande. När det gäller börsnoterade bolag kan CSR istället användas som ett medel för att övertyga samhället och kapitalmarknaden om det tagna ansvaret för ökad tilltro.

Purpose: The thesis aspires to explore the relationship between CSR and corporate governance from a theoretical towards an experiential approach.

Methodology: With background of the research questions we applied the inductive approach when it comes to the experiential approach, but since we interpreters the theory on the basis of the theoretical perspectives along with two companies, we also used abduction. We have implemented a qualitative survey which is based on both reports and an interview.

Theoretical perspectives: The theoretical perspectives uses CSR and corporate governance as a starting point and is complemented with other related theories such as the stakeholder theory, the legitimacy theory and triple bottom line.

Empirical foundation: Swedbanks and Sveaskogs perspectives and approaches on their CSR-implementation are presented in the empirical foundation along with an interview with one respondent from Sveaskog.

Conclusions: Our study shows that it exist connections between CSR and corporate governance, which can be interpreted from several different perspectives and a number of conclusions can be made. One of these relationships is found in the ethical responsibility, when concerning the integrity in business and implementation of ethical standards. Other relationships are found in the issue of trust and it is, within both ownership structures, important to present an involvement in CSR. This is because it provides stakeholders with a positive image of the company and its trademark, which leads to legitimacy. A wider stakeholder perspective is found in State owned companies because of the State's ownership policy where CSR is a central part. When it comes to the listed companies CSR can instead be used as a means in order to convince the society and the capital market about the taken responsibility for increased trust. A final conclusion is that the connection between CSR and the Swedish Code of Corporate Governance can not found within its regulations, but rather in its purpose and aspiration.

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Olovsson, Linnéa, und Daniel Martinsson. „Hållbarhetsarbete, en värdeskapare eller värdesänkare? : ESG-betygets samband med marknadsvärderingen“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185476.

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Hållbarhetsarbete har erhållit ett ökat intresse de senaste åren och har blivit en allt mer viktig del i företagens arbete. För att mäta hur väl ett företag arbetar hållbart så har ESG-betyget utvecklats vilket konkretiserar och kvantifierar företagens hållbarhetsarbete utifrån tre faktorer, miljömässig hållbarhet, socialt ansvarstagande och bolagsstyrning. Genom den ökade exponeringen av hållbarhet har även investerare börjat ta ställning till hållbarhetsfrågor i sina investeringsbeslut. Denna studentuppsats ämnar undersöka sambandet mellan svenska företags ESG-betyg och dess marknadsvärdering för att kartlägga om investerare anser hållbarhetsarbete som något värdeskapande eller värdesänkande. Sekundärt kommer de tre delarna av ESG-betyget, nämligen miljö, socialt ansvarstagande och bolagsstyrning, att individuellt studeras för att finna ut om någon del av betyget har ett starkare samband med marknadsvärdering än de andra. Företagen som undersöks i studien är svenska börsnoterade aktiebolag som kvalificerat sig in på Large Cap-listan på Nasdaq Stockholm. Vidare behöver bolagen även ha betygsatts genom ESG-betyg från Thomson Reuters Eikon. Tidsperioden som studeras är 2016-2020. För att studera det eventuella sambandet mellan företagens marknadsvärdering och dess ESG-betyg tar studien avstamp i tidigare studier inom området. Baserat på dessa formuleras en första regressionsmodell och statistiska hypoteser som kommer testas genom regressionsanalys. Resultatet som erhålls genom den slutgiltiga regressionsanalysen är att ESG-betyg och marknadsvärdering har ett svagt positivt samband samt att bolagsstyrning har ett starkt positivt samband med värderingen. Gällande betyg för miljö och socialt ansvarstagande kunde inte något signifikant samband till marknadsvärderingen påvisas. De redovisade resultaten kommer slutligen att diskuteras utifrån ett teoretiskt perspektiv där kopplingar görs till tidigare forskning inom ämnet. Vidare kommer aktieägarteorin, intressentmodellen och effektiva marknadshypotesen ligga till grund för analys av studiens resultat, såväl som diskussionen. För att kunna använda resultatet bortom teorin kommer även praktiska implikationer av uppsatsen att diskuteras.

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Pfeiffer, Thomas. „Corporate-Governance-Strukturen interner Märkte /“. Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/374159483.pdf.

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