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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Shakkō"

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Morita, James R., Mokichi Saitō, Seishi Shinoda und Sanford Goldstein. „Red Lights: Selected Tanka Sequences from Shakkō“. World Literature Today 65, Nr. 1 (1991): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40146369.

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Miller, Christopher. „Shaker shakes out potassium channels“. Trends in Neurosciences 11, Nr. 5 (Januar 1988): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(88)90117-8.

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Eberhardt, Emily L. „Shaken up by a shaker“. Science 383, Nr. 6690 (29.03.2024): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adp4015.

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Strong, Sarah M. „Red Lights: Selected Tanka Sequences from Shakkō. By Mokichi Saitō. Translated by Sanford Goldstein and Seishi Shinoda. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue Research Foundation, 1989. ix, 385 pp. $32.50.“ Journal of Asian Studies 49, Nr. 4 (November 1990): 941–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058291.

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Kögel, Armin, Pedro A. Sánchez, Robin Maretzki, Tom Dumont, Elena S. Pyanzina, Sofia S. Kantorovich und Reinhard Richter. „Coarsening dynamics of ferromagnetic granular networks—experimental results and simulations“. Soft Matter 14, Nr. 6 (2018): 1001–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm00796e.

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Nowak, Janusz, Wojciech Przystupa und Anna Krawczuk. „Uncertainty of Measurement of Bulk and Shaken Density of Pulgran and Salmag“. Agricultural Engineering 24, Nr. 3 (01.09.2020): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2020-0028.

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Abstract The article presents results of research on the bulk and shaken density of two commercial fertilizers: Pulgran urea and universal nitrogen fertilizer Salmag. A statistical analysis of the obtained results of average density at the assumed level of significance proved a significant difference between shaken and bulk density investigated with the use of Engelsmann apparatus and shaken density tested with a laboratory shaker for both investigated fertilizers. The obtained test results and uncertainty of the measured values served for calculation of uncertainty of the standard complex bulk and shaken density determined in case of many uncertainties. Further, an analysis of the impact of error sources on the value of complex uncertainty was conducted. The final results of the measurement were presented according to the convention of the Central Office of Measures.
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Duhaime, Ann-Christine, Thomas A. Gennarelli, Lawrence E. Thibault, Derek A. Bruce, Susan S. Margulies und Randall Wiser. „The shaken baby syndrome“. Journal of Neurosurgery 66, Nr. 3 (März 1987): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.66.3.0409.

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✓ Because a history of shaking is often lacking in the so-called “shaken baby syndrome,” diagnosis is usually based on a constellation of clinical and radiographic findings. Forty-eight cases of infants and young children with this diagnosis seen between 1978 and 1985 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were reviewed. All patients had a presenting history thought to be suspicious for child abuse, and either retinal hemorrhages with subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhages or a computerized tomography scan showing subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhages with interhemispheric blood. The physical examination and presence of associated trauma were analyzed; autopsy findings for the 13 fatalities were reviewed. All fatal cases had signs of blunt impact to the head, although in more than half of them these findings were noted only at autopsy. All deaths were associated with uncontrollably increased intracranial pressure. Models of 1-month-old infants with various neck and skull parameters were instrumented with accelerometers and shaken and impacted against padded or unpadded surfaces. Angular accelerations for shakes were smaller than those for impacts by a factor of 50. All shakes fell below injury thresholds established for subhuman primates scaled for the same brain mass, while impacts spanned concussion, subdural hematoma, and diffuse axonal injury ranges. It was concluded that severe head injuries commonly diagnosed as shaking injuries require impact to occur and that shaking alone in an otherwise normal baby is unlikely to cause the shaken baby syndrome.
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Cech, Franklin C., und Roy N. Keys. „Collection of Yellow-Poplar Seed-Heads by Shaking“. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, Nr. 2 (01.06.1987): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.2.78.

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Abstract Yellow-poplar seed-heads can be collected successfully by shaking using a standard Shock Wave Shaker. In the first year of this trial the average percentage shaken was 64 per tree, varying from a low of 24 to a high of 95. Average percent shaken dropped to 49 per tree the second and third years, with a range from 9 to 90%. Shaking causes superficial damage only and will not affect subsequent crops. There seemed to be no effect due to tree size, seed-head size, or shaking time. Pre-collection estimates of numbers of seed-heads using field glasses to aid in counting were only minimally successful. North. J. Appl. For. 4:78-81, June 1987.
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Jamal, Muhammad Tanveer, und Abdul Zahoor Khan. „Poetry of Bābā Farīd“. ISLAMIC STUDIES 61, Nr. 1 (31.03.2022): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v61i1.1393.

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Shaikh Farīd al-Dīn Mas‘ūd Ganj-i Shakar (569/1173-664/1265) is one of the celebrated Chishtī Sufis of the Indian subcontinent. Chishtī order is credited with several seminal literary innovations in Medieval Islamic India. Bābā Farīd is considered the father of Punjabi poetry. He also had a great command of other languages including Persian and Arabic. The present study explores the contemporary sources that interacted with Bābā Farīd’s couplets. An effort has also been made to explore the originality of the Ashlōk-i Shaikh Farīd included in the Guru Granth. The study is a unique endeavour to conceptualize and examine the thematic connection of Bābā Farīd’s poetry with his life, teachings, and metaphysical thoughts preserved in biographical compendia.
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R., Krupych,, Nishchenko, I., Shevchuk, R. und Krupych, S. „Mathematical model of the system “manual vibration shock shaker – fruit branch”“. Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, Nr. 9(108) (2019): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-9-27.

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Purpose. Development of mathematical model of oscillating system “manual vibration shock shaker – fruit branch” for the purpose of theoretical substantiation of the parameters of the shaker. Methods. The basic positions of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, mathematical modeling, program development and numerical calculations on the PC using methods of constructing mathematical models of functioning of agricultural machines are used. Results. The paper proposes a mathematical system model “manual vibration shock shaker – fruit branch” of six differential equations describing the motion of five separate masses (the mass of branch and four masses of individual shaker strings) and differential equations of the transverse and rotational motion of the system as whole. The mathematical system model determines the regularity of the motion of all masses, as well as the reactions of the viscals of the oscillatory system to the impact and after the impact that is generated in the shock mechanism. The proposed nonlinear, complex system of differential equations solves the numerical Runge-Kutta method of the fourth order of accuracy. On the basis of the calculated data the theoretical regularities of change of movement, speed and acceleration of a branch in the place of capture are received, which confirm that in the case of interaction of the cups of the shock mechanism there is blow that is accompanied by an increase in the acceleration of the branch, which is 4–5 times greater than the acceleration of the vibration mode of operation. Conclusions 1. The mathematical model of oscillating system “manual vibration shock shaker – fruit branch” is proposed in the form of system of six differential equations that allows to theoretically substantiate the basic modes of work of the manual shaker in the vibration shock mode to provide the agrotechnical necessary extraction completeness. 2. The received theoretical regularities of change of displacement, speed and acceleration of branch at the place of capture confirm the effectiveness of the vibration shock mode of the shaker. Due to the vibration-shock mode, the acceleration of the branch at the point of transmission of disturbing forces is 4–5 times higher than the acceleration of the vibrational operation mode. Keywords: manual shakes, vibration shocking process, oscillation oscillators, mathematical model, fruit branch, harvesting.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Shakkō"

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Queiroz, Nuno. „Diving behaviour, movement patterns and population structure of blue sharks, Prionace glauca (L. 1758) in the North-east Atlantic“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158318.

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This project provided an exceptional opportunity to describe diving behaviour, movements and to characterise critical habitats of blue sharks in the North-eastern Atlantic using satellite and archival telemetry.  Tracked blue sharks displayed southward movements away from the tagging areas, exhibiting pronounced site fidelity to localised high-productivity frontal regions.  Blue sharks also displayed a high degree of variability in vertical movements. Shifts in diving behaviour were detected both within and between individuals, whereas behavioural phases were linked to the thermal structure of the water column in coastal areas, and to changes in prey distribution or type in offshore regions.  High resolution data showed that blue sharks shift between Brownian (in productive habitats) and Lévy (less productive waters) behaviours.  Vertical movements ranged from the surface to 1160 m, and water temperatures varied between 7.2-27.2°C.  Behavioural data was also crucial in determining the degree of spatial and temporal overlap, and thus vulnerability, between blue sharks and high-seas longliners.  Confirmed fishing mortality was ~11% with four tagged sharks caught by surface longliners.  Simulations showed that boats/sharks overlap was higher in winter and early spring, with the majority of simulated sharks (~88%) at risk at least one day year-1.  Our results indicate that, depending on which geographical regions are occupied at specific times, different segments of the blue shark population face differential risk from longlines.  Sequencing of mitochondrial DNA suggested an absence of spatial genetic differentiation throughout the North Atlantic, providing strong evidence that blue sharks comprise a single population in this region.
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Andreev, Plamen Stanislavov. „The early evolutionary history of sharks and shark-like fishes“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5491/.

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The Middle Ordovician to Late Silurian represents an interval of approximately 50 million years, which has been recognised as the initial, cryptic, period in the evolutionary history of chondrichthyan fish. The fossil remains attributed to early chondrichthyans are dominated by isolated dermal scales that predate the appearance of undisputed chondrichthyan teeth and articulated skeletons in the Lower Devonian. Investigation of the inter-relationships of these scale taxa and their systematic position relative to high- ranked chondrichthyan clades has been hampered by the lack of developed scale-based classification schemes for jawed gnathostomes, coupled with the limited use of scale characters in phylogenetic studies of Palaeozoic Chondrichthyes. Here, all previously documented scale types of alleged Lower Palaeozoic chondrichthyans were examined using a combination of X-ray microtomography, SEM and Nomarski DIC optics. These were found to exhibit a set of characteristics (symmetrical trunk scales, areal crown growth and lack of hard-tissue resorption, cancellous bone and enamel) recognised as specific to the dermal skeleton of chondrichthyans among derived gnathostomes. The collected data permitted the establishment of a hierarchy of scale characters for separate taxonomic ranks, leading to the recognition of three Orders (Mongolepidida, Elegestolepida ordo nov. and Altholepida ordo nov.) of early chondrichthyans, differentiated by distinct types of scale-crown morphogenesis. A scale-based cladistic analysis of jawed gnathostomes corroborated these results by recovering a chondrichthyan clade that incorporates all examined taxa and ‘acanthodians’ with non-superpositional crown growth patterns. It is thus proposed that chondrichthyan dermoskeletal characters carry a phylogenetic signal, allowing to interpret the documented diverse types of scale morphogenesis as evidence for a major radiation of chondrichthyan lineages in the Lower Palaeozoic.
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O'Bryhim, Jason. „Public knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards sharks and shark conservation“. Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4571.

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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2009.
Vita: p. 127. Thesis director: Chris Parsons. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science and Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-126). Also issued in print.
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Filmalter, John David. „Movements of sub-adult sicklefin lemon sharks Negaprion acutidens in a remote Indian Ocean atoll“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018229.

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The sicklefin lemon shark Negaprion acutidens is a large-bodied (> 3m) coastal shark species, widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical Indo-Pacific waters. Despite its large size and wide distribution, very little is known about its movement behaviour throughout ontogeny. The primary aim of this thesis was to gain an understanding of the movements of sub-adult N. acutidens, in and around the St. Joseph Atoll, Republic of Seychelles, to facilitate the effective conservation of this vulnerable species. A total of 22 sharks (139 – 202 cm TL) were equipped with coded acoustic transmitters and passively monitored using moored acoustic receivers for a period of 20 month from March 2009 to October 2010. The use of passive acoustic telemetry arrays to study behavioural ecology has increased in popularity in recent years and been successfully applied to study a host of teleost and elasmobranch species in a diversity of habitats, ranging from sheltered estuaries to the offshore pelagic environment. However, the practicalities of designing an effective network of receivers to optimally monitor animal movements can be challenging. In this study the receiver array was optimised through a series of incremental steps to achieve an efficient design that allowed for the specific objectives to be addressed. The specific objectives of this study were to i) gain an understanding of the long term space use patterns and site fidelity of sub-adult N. acutidens within degree of use of the St. Joseph Atoll lagoon and surrounding habitats, and ii) investigate their short term behavioural patterns in response to natural rhythmic cycles. The important role the atoll plays in the sub-adult stage of this species was demonstrated by the very low numbers of detections outside the atoll compared to the very large numbers of detections inside the atoll. Over the course of a year the tagged sharks showed a high degree of site fidelity to the atoll, with 79 – 100% of the individuals detected during each month and 50% being detected on a near daily basis. This result provides testimony of the nursery role of the atoll and importance of these habitats in the early life history for this species. Individual area use was generally found to be restricted to the eastern part of the atoll incorporating a portion of the central deep lagoon and a nearby adjacent area of the sand flats. The movements of sub-adult N. acutidens on and off of the shallow flats surrounding the central lagoon (likely for foraging) were found to be strongly influenced by the tidal height and the diel cycle. Tagged sharks were found to utilise the flats more regularly when the tidal height was greater than 90 cm and particularly more so during the night and early morning than during daylight times. The combined results of this study expose the vulnerability of this species to rapid local depletion. Similarly, the effectiveness of spatial management measures, such as no-take marine protected areas is highlighted as an efficient tool for the future conservation of this species. In the St. Joseph Atoll in particular, the use of a multi-levelled protection approach, where the eastern portion on the atoll is completely restricted while the remaining area is utilized for non-consumptive tourism activities, could be highly effective. Future research should investigate changes in area use throughout the ontogeny of this species as well improve the understanding of the breeding site fidelity and population size of reproductive females using the St. Joseph Atoll.
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Rosan, Dante Bruno Avanso [UNESP]. „Investigação de mutações nos genes sinápticos SHANK2 e SHANK3 em Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127777.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-17T15:25:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-03. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-09-17T15:48:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000844031_20160225.pdf: 302005 bytes, checksum: d7de49b71732267bd0dc7f6635246bac (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-02-26T14:03:52Z: 000844031_20160225.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-26T14:04:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000844031.pdf: 1179682 bytes, checksum: 523919910a45d85bc6d02e781b6bcb24 (MD5)
Os Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) são doenças neuropsiquiátricas complexas, com etiologia e manifestações clínicas muito variáveis. Tais manifestações são observadas antes dos três anos de vida. A prevalência é alta na população, com uma proporção de quatro homens afetados para cada mulher afetada. Em apenas 10-25% dos casos um fator etiológico é observado, genético ou ambiental, dependendo da composição da casuística e das técnicas laboratoriais utilizadas. Há descrições de centenas de genes e regiões genômicas associadas com a predisposição, por apresentarem mutações e variações no número de cópias (CNVs) e a maior parte tem expressão no sistema nervoso central, principalmente em sinapses. Entre os genes candidatos, se destacam o SHANK2 e o SHANK3, ainda não estudados em casuísticas brasileiras. No SHANK2, localizado em 11q13.2, já foram descritas mutações em sete de seus 25 éxons, enquanto no SHANK3, localizado em 22q13 e com 23 éxons, também há descrições de mutações em vários éxons, mas especialmente em três. Muitas mutações nestes dois genes foram observadas em autistas, mas não em indivíduos controles, o que sugere seu envolvimento na etiologia da doença. Este estudo investigou mutações nos éxons 11, 13 e 22 do gene SHANK2 e nos éxons 2, 6 e 22 do SHANK3, que são os mais frequentemente envolvidos nos achados em TEA. O estudo dos seis éxons foi realizado por sequenciamento direto, em 200 afetados e os resultados foram comparados a um banco de dados com os de 566 controles saudáveis. Onze alterações, seis no gene SHANK2, uma delas ainda não descrita, e cinco no gene SHANK3, todas não descritas anteriormente. Nenhum paciente apresentou mais de uma alteração em SHANK2 ou SHANK3, ou nos dois genes. Os resultados mostraram que mutações nos genes SHANK2 e SHANK3 são frequentes na população brasileira com TEA e estão relacionadas com a etiologia destas doenças...
The Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are complex neuropsychiatric diseases, with widely etiology and clinical manifestations. Such manifestations are observed before three years of life. The prevalence is high in the population, with a ratio of four affected men for each affected woman. In only 10-25% of cases an etiological factor is observed, genetic or environmental, depending of the composition of samples and laboratory techniques used. There are descriptions of hundreds of genes and genomic regions associated with predisposition, they present mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) and most have expression in the central nervous system, especially at synapses. Among the candidate genes, we highlight the SHANK2 and the SHANK3, not yet studied in Brazilian subjects. In SHANK2, located in 11q13.2, mutations have been described in seven of its 25 exons, while in SHANK3 located at 22q13 with 23 exons, there are descriptions of mutations in several exons, but especially three. Many mutations in these two genes were observed in autistic patients, but not in healthy controls, suggesting an involvement in the etiology of the disease. This study investigated mutations in exons 11, 13 and 22 of SHANK2 gene and exons 2, 6 and 22 of SHANK3, which are most often involved in ASD findings. The study of six exons was performed by direct sequencing, in 200 affected and the results were compared to a genome bank with 566 healthy controls. Eleven alterations were found, six on SHANK2 gene, one not yet described, and five in SHANK3 gene, all not previously described. No patient had more than one alteration in SHANK2 or SHANK3, or both genes. The results showed that mutations in SHANK2 and SHANK3 gene are frequent in the Brazilian population with ASD and are related to the etiology of these diseases. However, the clinical relevance of each of the alterations found should be investigated. This study may help...
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Rosan, Dante Bruno Avanso. „Investigação de mutações nos genes sinápticos SHANK2 e SHANK3 em transtornos do espectro do autismo /“. São José do Rio Preto, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127777.

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Orientador: Agnes Cristina Fett-Conte
Banca: Ana Elizabete Silva
Banca: Karina Griesi Oliveira
Resumo: Os Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) são doenças neuropsiquiátricas complexas, com etiologia e manifestações clínicas muito variáveis. Tais manifestações são observadas antes dos três anos de vida. A prevalência é alta na população, com uma proporção de quatro homens afetados para cada mulher afetada. Em apenas 10-25% dos casos um fator etiológico é observado, genético ou ambiental, dependendo da composição da casuística e das técnicas laboratoriais utilizadas. Há descrições de centenas de genes e regiões genômicas associadas com a predisposição, por apresentarem mutações e variações no número de cópias (CNVs) e a maior parte tem expressão no sistema nervoso central, principalmente em sinapses. Entre os genes candidatos, se destacam o SHANK2 e o SHANK3, ainda não estudados em casuísticas brasileiras. No SHANK2, localizado em 11q13.2, já foram descritas mutações em sete de seus 25 éxons, enquanto no SHANK3, localizado em 22q13 e com 23 éxons, também há descrições de mutações em vários éxons, mas especialmente em três. Muitas mutações nestes dois genes foram observadas em autistas, mas não em indivíduos controles, o que sugere seu envolvimento na etiologia da doença. Este estudo investigou mutações nos éxons 11, 13 e 22 do gene SHANK2 e nos éxons 2, 6 e 22 do SHANK3, que são os mais frequentemente envolvidos nos achados em TEA. O estudo dos seis éxons foi realizado por sequenciamento direto, em 200 afetados e os resultados foram comparados a um banco de dados com os de 566 controles saudáveis. Onze alterações, seis no gene SHANK2, uma delas ainda não descrita, e cinco no gene SHANK3, todas não descritas anteriormente. Nenhum paciente apresentou mais de uma alteração em SHANK2 ou SHANK3, ou nos dois genes. Os resultados mostraram que mutações nos genes SHANK2 e SHANK3 são frequentes na população brasileira com TEA e estão relacionadas com a etiologia destas doenças...
Abstract: The Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are complex neuropsychiatric diseases, with widely etiology and clinical manifestations. Such manifestations are observed before three years of life. The prevalence is high in the population, with a ratio of four affected men for each affected woman. In only 10-25% of cases an etiological factor is observed, genetic or environmental, depending of the composition of samples and laboratory techniques used. There are descriptions of hundreds of genes and genomic regions associated with predisposition, they present mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) and most have expression in the central nervous system, especially at synapses. Among the candidate genes, we highlight the SHANK2 and the SHANK3, not yet studied in Brazilian subjects. In SHANK2, located in 11q13.2, mutations have been described in seven of its 25 exons, while in SHANK3 located at 22q13 with 23 exons, there are descriptions of mutations in several exons, but especially three. Many mutations in these two genes were observed in autistic patients, but not in healthy controls, suggesting an involvement in the etiology of the disease. This study investigated mutations in exons 11, 13 and 22 of SHANK2 gene and exons 2, 6 and 22 of SHANK3, which are most often involved in ASD findings. The study of six exons was performed by direct sequencing, in 200 affected and the results were compared to a genome bank with 566 healthy controls. Eleven alterations were found, six on SHANK2 gene, one not yet described, and five in SHANK3 gene, all not previously described. No patient had more than one alteration in SHANK2 or SHANK3, or both genes. The results showed that mutations in SHANK2 and SHANK3 gene are frequent in the Brazilian population with ASD and are related to the etiology of these diseases. However, the clinical relevance of each of the alterations found should be investigated. This study may help...
Mestre
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Blizard, Katherine S. „Shark Sim: A Procedural Method of Animating Leopard Sharks Based on Raw Location Data“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/938.

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Fish such as the Leopard Shark (Triakis semifasciata) can be tagged on their fin, released back into the wild, and their location tracked though technologies such as autonomous robots. Timestamped location data about their target is stored. We present a way to procedurally generate an animated simulation of T. semifasciata using only these timestamped location points. This simulation utilizes several components. Input timestamps dictate a monotonic time-space curve mapping the simulation clock to the space curve. The space curve connects all the location points as a spline without any sharp folds that are too implausible for shark traversal. We create a model leopard shark that has convincing kinematics that respond to the space curve. This is achieved through acquiring a skinned model and applying T. semifasciata motion kinematics that respond to velocity and turn commands. These kinematics affect the spine and all fins that control locomotion and direction. Kinematic- based procedural keyframes added onto a queue interpolate while the shark model traverses the path. This simulation tool generates animation sequences that can be viewed in real-time. A user study of 27 individuals was deployed to measure the perceived realism of the sequences as judged by the user by contrasting 5 different film sequences. Results of the study show that on average, viewers perceive our simulation as more realistic than not.
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Heithaus, Michael R. „Habitat use decisions by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) and tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) in a subtropical seagrass ecosystem“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61648.pdf.

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Davis, Christopher. „Prey Selection by Young Lemon Sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) at Chandeleur Island Nursery Habitats with a Comparison to Three Other Co-Occurring Shark Species“. ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1281.

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The Chandeleur Islands (Louisiana) contain nursery habitats for lemon sharks that provide abundant prey and protection from predation. Other local shark species (Atlantic sharpnose, bull, and blacktip sharks) co-occur with lemon sharks in the same region, including the nearby Biloxi Marshes. To better assess how lemon sharks use these nursery habitats, I measured diet and prey availability of young of the year and juvenile lemon sharks from 2009 to 2010. Young lemon sharks at the Chandeleur Islands have a relatively reduced diet breadth in comparison to those from nurseries in Bimini (Bahamas) and the Florida Keys. At the Chandeleur Islands, young lemon sharks appear to be opportunistically feeding on the most abundant prey items, resulting in high prey abundance and low diversity in their diet. Opportunistic feeding by young lemon sharks suggests minimal dietary overlap with other local shark species, resulting in minimal competition for resources.
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Abercrombie, Debra. „Efficient PCR-Based Identification of Shark Products in Global Trade: Applications for the Management and Conservation of Commercially Important Mackerel Sharks (Family Lamnidae), Thresher Sharks (Family Alopiidae) and Hammerhead Sharks (Family Sphyrnidae)“. NSUWorks, 2004. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/131.

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Shark populations worldwide are suspected to be in severe decline due to domestic and international markets for trade in shark products, especially dried fins in Asian markets, and as a result of bycatch mortality in multi-species fisheries. The management of sharks on a species-specific basis has become imperative for shark conservation, particularly in regions where numerous species are heavily fished, because sharks with differing life-history characteristics respond differently to exploitation. However, many commercially exploited sharks are morphologically similar and not easily identifiable to the species level. This problem is exacerbated when it comes to identifying detached fins, processed carcasses (logs), and filets or steaks at the dock or in trade. To address these species-identification problems and make available an accurate but practical, DNA-based forensic method for use in conservation and management of sharks, I have developed a highly streamlined genetic assay based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and species-specific primers derived from interspecific DNA sequence differences in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) locus of sharks. This forensic assay allows accurate identification of body parts from ten shark species commonly exploited worldwide for their meat and/or fins. In this thesis, I report on the development and use of this assay in the form of two separate suites of species-specific PCR primers that can be used in a high-density multiplex format to achieve rapid and accurate species identification. Chapter 1 of this thesis describes a suite of species-specific primers and multiplex PCR assay that simultaneously distinguishes among seven pelagic shark species: four species of mackerel sharks: shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), longfin mako (Isurus paucus), porbeagle (Lamna nasus) and salmon (Lamna ditropis); and the three species of alopiid (thresher) sharks: common thresher (Alopias vulpinus), bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus) and pelagic thresher (Alopias pelagicus). The second species-specific primer suite, described in chapter 2, simultaneously identifies the three globally distributed and most commercially important species of hammerheads: the great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran), scalloped hammerhead (Sphyna lewini) and the smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena). The species-specific PCR primers and forensic approach described here provide an efficient, straightforward technique that can be used in conservation and management relevant contexts where large volumes of samples need to be screened quickly. Preliminary testing of dried fins from the Hong Kong market and confiscated fins from U.S. and South African law enforcement activities suggests that this genetic technique will be useful for large-scale survey applications, such as monitoring the species composition of the fin trade as well as improving fisheries law enforcement capabilities. The efficient nature of the general forensic approach reported here may also make it useful as a model applicable to monitoring trade in other wildlife products on a global scale.
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Bücher zum Thema "Shakkō"

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1882-1953, Saitō Mokichi, Kodama Kieko 1963-, Nakamura Kenkichi 1889-1934 und Kubota Jun 1933-, Hrsg. Shakkō, Rinsenshū. Tōkyō: Meiji Shoin, 2006.

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Yoshida, Susugu. "Shakkō" zenchūshaku. Tōkyō: Tanka Shinbunsha, 1991.

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1882-1953, Saitō Mokichi, Hrsg. Saitō Mokichi "Shakkō" sakuhinron shūsei. Tōkyō: Ōzorasha, 1995.

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Seinen Mokichi: "Shakkō" "Aratama" jidai. Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, 2000.

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Harman, Amanda. Sharks. Tarrytown, N.Y: Benchmark Books, 1996.

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Geniz, José Leonardo Castillo. Diagnóstico de la pesquería de tiburón en México. [México]: Secretaría de Pesca, 1992.

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Mortensen, Lori. Killer sharks. Detroit: KidHaven Press, 2008.

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Shark bites: True stories of survival. Honolulu, Hawai'i: Bess Press, 1996.

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9

McCoy, Mike A. Addressing shark finning in FFA member countries: Issues and considerations. Lami, Fiji?: Gillett, Preston and Associates, 2006.

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1947-, Stevens J. D., Hrsg. Sharks. 2. Aufl. New York, NY: Checkmark Books, 1999.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Shakkō"

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Odaka, Takahiro. „Tell Begum, Shaikh Marif and Shakar Tepe“. In The Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic in the Eastern Fertile Crescent, 261–78. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003335504-18.

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Henderson, Aaron C., und Shamsa Al Hameli. „Sharks and Rays of the United Arab Emirates“. In A Natural History of the Emirates, 621–43. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37397-8_20.

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AbstractThe waters of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are home to a wide variety of shark and ray species, many of which are unique to the region and about which relatively little is known. Research efforts to date have focused primarily on identifying the species that occur locally and their importance to fisheries, but further research is required to understand their inherent biological and ecological traits. Decades of heavy fishing pressure and coastal development have impacted shark and ray populations to the extent that some, once common species, are now considered rare. Encouragingly, the UAE has adopted a National Plan of Action for the Conservation of Sharks to guide researchers and policy makers in their efforts to ensure that the nation’s shark and ray populations are effectively managed and conserved.
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Leeming, David A. „Shakti“. In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 2179–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_610.

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Yuen, Eunice. „SHANK3“. In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102094-1.

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Leeming, David A. „Shakti“. In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 1646–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_610.

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Cyrous, Sam, Carol L. Schnabl Schweitzer, Stacey Enslow, Paul Larson, Rod Blackhirst, Morgan Stebbins, Erel Shalit et al. „Shakti“. In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 840. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71802-6_610.

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Yuen, Eunice. „SHANK3“. In Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4332. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102094.

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Leeming, David A. „Shakti“. In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27771-9_610-4.

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Shanahan, Murray. „Reinventing Shakey“. In Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, 233–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1567-8_11.

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Feldman, Richard S., Melissa Sapio, Miloslava Kozmová, David C. Devonis, Eugene I. Taylor, David C. Devonis, Leah Fredman et al. „Shakow, David“. In Encyclopedia of the History of Psychological Theories, 989–91. New York, NY: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0463-8_131.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Shakkō"

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Siranosian, Antranik A., Miroslav Krstic und Matt Bement. „Generation and Tracking of Sinusoids for Shake Table Control via Extremum Seeking“. In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42910.

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We present the design and implementation of an extremum seeking based shake table controller, where the goal is to generate and track a sinusoid of given amplitude, frequency and phase. Advantages of an extremum seeking based controller over previous shake table controllers are that it is a modular design with respect to linear and nonlinear shaker-specimen dynamics, and with respect to different shaker-specimen combinations. In addition, it can handle time varying dynamics due to possible changes in the specimen during testing. Also, it does not require a plant model to operate, but has the capability to take advantage of minimal knowledge of the plant to improve transient performance.
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Silva, Denini, Leopoldo Teixeira und Marcelo d'Amorim. „Shake It! Detecting Flaky Tests Caused by Concurrency with Shaker“. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsme46990.2020.00037.

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Kumar, Suraj Ajay, Pranav Hol, Dhanasekar Venkatesan und Paul Davis. „Virtual Evaluation of Seat Shake Performance Using Four Poster Shaker“. In SAE WCX Digital Summit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0325.

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Zarea, Munir, Evan Brown, Allen George, Joshua Kozsey, Tyler Palmgren, Meng-Chien Wu, Sarah Oman, John Parmigiani, Joseph Piacenza und Susan Piacenza. „Analysis of Shark Fluid Dynamics to Guide Satellite Telemetry Tag Development“. In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94838.

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Abstract Sharks are powerful predators that make long-range migrations across vast swaths of the ocean. Scientists attach satellite telemetry tracking tags to sharks in order to gather data on behavior, movement patterns and habitat usage. However, hydro-dynamic loading from these tags may unintentionally influence the host shark’s behavior, although the extent of the loading is still not well understood. While tag manufacturers have made incremental improvements to make tags lighter and smaller, there is still not a clear understanding between tag design and host animal impacts. This fundamental knowledge gap makes the design of telemetry tags difficult when aiming to minimize hydrodynamic effects. In this paper, we present an approach intended to help inform tag design. In addition, a case study demonstrates this approach using 3D digital models discussed in the introduction. Four different shark species: the great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran), shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), blacktip reef (Carcharhinus limbatus), and Caribbean reef (Carcharhinus perezii). We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods to estimate baseline drag and lift coefficients from a range of angles of attack to simulate the sharks ascending, descending, and swimming horizontally. We solved lift and drag coefficients through force reports integrated into the CFD software, STAR-CCM+. The simulations were solved with the Menter shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model at steady-state. Across species, the drag and lift coefficients ranged from 0.14 – 0.21 and −0.02 – 0.37, respectively. To visualize the fluid dynamics, we created plots of pressure distribution and fluid flow associated with each shark’s average cruising speeds, providing insight for future researchers investigating optimal tag placement that minimizes the tag’s impact. To validate the computational models, we performed wind tunnel testing by using 3D printed models of each shark, allowing us to empirically measure lift and drag forces. A three-axis sting-balance style measurement system with strain gauges was used, while considering wind speed, fluid density, and matched Reynolds numbers associated with the CFD models for each species. Finally, we statistically compared the computational and wind tunnel measurements. Moving forward, we will explore the changes in drag and lift with different satellite tag models attached to the shark species. Our findings will support development of a methodology to quantify the hydrodynamic impact of different tag designs on sharks. This can be used by future researchers to determine the lift and drag forces a shark experiences with a satellite telemetry tag attached. Ultimately, this information will help to better monitor sharks in their natural environment and provide information that can be useful to the conservation of the species.
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Shen, Yiran, Fengyuan Yang, Bowen Du, Weitao Xu, Chengwen Luo und Hongkai Wen. „Shake-n-Shack: Enabling Secure Data Exchange Between Smart Wearables via Handshakes“. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/percom.2018.8444579.

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Aduviri, Brooke, Bianca Hansen, Cassandra Wettstein, Susan Piacenza, Joseph Piacenza und Pedro Lomonaco. „Analysis of Hydrodynamic Loading on Shark Species to Inform Design of Low Drag Satellite Telemetry Tags“. In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113114.

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Abstract Sharks are pivotal apex predators in marine ecosystems and migrate up to thousands of miles throughout their lifetimes. Shark movement is studied using satellite tracking tags, which are typically attached to the dorsal fin. Tags either send a signal when the dorsal fin breaches or detach from the shark and float to surface to communicate with the satellite (Fig.1). While spatiotemporally resolved movement data is valuable to studying shark ecology and conservation, satellite tags impose hydrodynamic loading which produces a drag force on the shark, potentially influencing their behavior, leading to incorrect movement analysis. Since tags change the streamlined body shape of animals, they may influence swimming patterns, especially at high speeds since drag increases with velocity. In this study, we used existing 3D digital models of three shark species — the Great Hammerhead, Blacktip Reef, and Caribbean Reef — to assess the effects and influence future tag design. This paper explores flume testing at the OSU O.H. Hinsdale Wave Lab to improve CFD validation. A cart apparatus was glided across the flume at controlled velocities to simulate average cruising speeds of each shark species at angles of attack of 0°, 12°, and −12° degrees for neutral, rising, and diving movement patterns, respectively. We compared the output drag and lift coefficients to coefficients generated using CFD simulations in STAR-CCM+. Across the three species and angles of attack, the mean percent error was 47.3% ±34.1% standard deviation (SD) for the drag coefficient and 97.8% ±69.0% SD for the lift coefficient. Future work incorporates attaching scaled satellite tag models to shark models to compare to untagged data with the intent of informing subsequent tag designs.
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Oh, Chang-Young, Dong-Woo Kim, Sang-Hoon Lee, Sang-Woo Song und Nam-Kyu Kim. „Effects of Socket Weld Field Condition on Vibration Fatigue Behavior of Carbon Steel Piping“. In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84585.

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Fatigue failure caused by vibration of socket welds often occurs in a nuclear power plant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the integrity of the nuclear power plant socket weld under vibration fatigue condition. The vibration fatigue tests were conducted considering the field condition of socket welds. The types of field condition such as the weld quality, slip-on gap condition, weld leg size, eccentricity, pipe diameter were considered. A testing methodology is described, in which the test specimens bolted to the shake table were shaken by adjusting the specimen natural frequency, shake table speed and input acceleration. The results are as follows: There is no tendency to crack originated at the toe and the root. Fatigue strength was greater for 2 × 1 leg length, small diameter and no slip-on gap. Based on these results, the effects of socket weld field condition are discussed for small diameter welded pipe joints in the present study.
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Håkansson, L., I. Claesson, L. Pettersson und T. Lagö. „Active Control Machine Tool Chatter Piezo Ceramic Actuators in Tool Holder Shank“. In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8307.

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Abstract In the turning operation chatter or vibration is a frequent problem, which affects the result of the machining, and, in particular, the surface finish. Tool life is also influenced by vibration. Severe acoustic noise in the working environment frequently occurs as a result of dynamic motion between the cutting tool and the workpiece. These problems can be reduced by active control of machine-tool vibration. Adaptive feedback control based on the filtered-x LMS-algorithm, enables a reduction of the vibration by up to 40 dB at 1.5 kHz and by approximately 40 dB at 3 kHz. The active control performed a broadband attenuation of the sound pressure level by up to 35 dB. A significant improvement of the work-piece surface was also observed. In the active control of tool vibration a tool holder construction based on integrated high magnetostrictive actuators was used. However, both the physical features and properties of a active tool holder construction based on high magnetostrictive actuators and the fact that this type of actuators generally have a non-linear behaviour highly reduce its applicability to the general lathe and turning operation. Therefor, a new generation embedded active tool holder shanks based on piezo ceramic actuators have been developed. Based on spectrum estimates, both coherence spectrum and frequency response function estimates has been calculated for both the old tool holder construction and the new generation active tool holder shank. From the results it follows that the phase delay is smaller and the linearity of the new generation active tool holder shank are superior compared to the old technology. It is also obvious that physical features and properties of new generation embedded active tool holder shanks based on piezo ceramic actuators fits the general lathe application.
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Ahmadvand, Mohsen, Dennis Fischer und Sebastian Banescu. „SIP shaker“. In ACSAC '19: 2019 Annual Computer Security Applications Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3359789.3359848.

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Menon, Arjun, Subadra Murugan, Chester Rebeiro, Neel Gala und Kamakoti Veezhinathan. „Shakti-T“. In the Hardware and Architectural Support for Security and Privacy. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3092627.3092629.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Shakkō"

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Jabado, Rima, Peter Kyne, Emiliano Garcia-Rodriguez, Ryan Charles, Asia Armstrong, Theophile Mouton, Adriana Gonzalez-Pestana, Amanda Battle-Morera und Christoph Rohner. WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: A REGIONAL COMPENDIUM OF IMPORTANT SHARK AND RAY AREAS. IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, Januar 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59216/ssg.isra.2023.r7.

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The third Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRA) regional expert workshop was held in hybrid mode (in person and online) in Durban, South Africa from 11–15 September 2023. The goal was to identify and delineate three-dimensional and discrete portions of habitat that are critical to the survival of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (hereafter ‘sharks’), and that have the potential to be managed for conservation. The region covered was the Western Indian Ocean. This scientific collaboration amongst regional and global experts resulted in the identification of 125 Important Shark and Ray Areas, 1 candidate ISRA, and 45 Areas of Interest. Identified ISRAs range in size from small areas of 0.03 km2 at depths of 0–40 m (Maroshi Thila in the Maldives) to very large areas of 1,454,950 km2 (Western Agulhas Front which is completely in areas beyond national jurisdiction [ABNJ]) from surface waters to a depth of 180 m.
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Jabado, Rima, Emiliano García-Rodríguez, Peter Kyne, Ryan Charles, Vanessa Bettcher Brito, Asia Armstrong, Adriana Gonzalez-Pestana, Amanda Batlle-Morera, Marta Palacios und Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara. Important Shark and Ray Areas Asia Region. IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group, Mai 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59216/ssg.isra.2024.r9.

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The fourth Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRA) regional expert workshop was held in hybrid mode (in person and online) in Bali, Indoneisa from 22–26 January 2024. The goal was to identify and delineate three-dimensional and discrete portions of habitat that are critical to the survival of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (hereafter ‘sharks’), and that have the potential to be managed for conservation. The region covered was Asia. This scientific collaboration amongst regional and global experts resulted in the identification of 122 Important Shark and Ray Areas, 4 candidate ISRA, and 45 Areas of Interest. Identified ISRAs range in size from small areas of 0.96 km2 at depths of 0–25 m (Puerco Island in the Philippines) to very large areas of 420,817 km2 (Papua-Micronesia Corridor which spans waters of Indonesia, Federated States of Micronesia, and areas beyond national jurisdiction [ABNJ]) from surface waters to a depth of 1,928 m.
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Jabado, Rima, Emiliano García-Rodríguez, Peter Kyne, Ryan Charles, Asia Armstrong, Jenny Bortoluzzi, Théophile Mouton et al. Mediterranean and Black Seas: A regional compendium of Important Shark and Ray Areas. IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59216/ssg.isra.2023.r3.

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The second Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRA) regional expert workshop was held in hybrid mode (in person and online) in Thessaloniki, Greece from 8–12 May, 2023. The goal was to identify and delineate three-dimensional and discrete portions of habitat that are critical to the survival of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (hereafter ‘sharks’), and that have the potential to be managed for conservation. The region covered included the Mediterranean and Black Seas. This scientific collaboration amongst regional and global experts resulted in the identification of 65 Important Shark and Ray Areas, 6 candidate ISRAs, and 20 Areas of Interest. Identified ISRAs range in size from small underwater areas of 0.09 km2 at depths of 1,100–1,150 m (Palmahim Brine Pools ISRA in Israel) to large areas of 219,913 km2 (Strait of Sicily and Tunisian Plateau ISRA which is transboundary in nature encompassing waters of Italy, Libya, Malta, and Tunisia) from surface waters to a depth of 2,000 m. This compendium provides an overview of all areas delineated.
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Jabado, Rima, Emiliano García-Rodríguez, Peter Kyne, Ryan Charles, Adriana Gonzalez Pestana, Mark Priest, Amanda Battle-Morera und Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara. ISRA Region 12 - Central and South American Pacific region: A compendium of Important Shark and Ray Areas. IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, März 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59216/ssg.isra.2023.r12.

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The first Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRA) regional expert workshop was held in hybrid mode (in person and online) in Bogotá, Colombia from 3–7 October 2022. The goal was to identify and delineate three dimensional and discrete portions of habitat that are critical to the survival of sharks, rays, and chimaeras, and that have the potential to be managed for conservation. The region covered was the Central and South American Pacific, from the Gulf of California in Mexico to southern Chile. This scientific collaboration amongst regional and global experts resulted in the identification of 65 Important Shark and Ray Areas, 5 candidate ISRAs, and 11 Areas of Interest. Identified ISRAs range in size from small underwater areas of 1.59 km2 at depths of 1,650–1,700 m (Northern Galápagos Hydrothermal Vents ISRA) to large areas of 3,191,603 km2 (Eastern Tropical Pacific Marine Corridor ISRA) from surface waters to a depth of 1,928 m. This compendium provides an overview of all areas delineated.
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Kalinina, Elena Arkadievna, Adam J. Wright, Douglas J. Ammerman, Carissa Ann Grey und Michael Arviso. Shaker Table Test. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1599981.

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Kalinina, Elena, und Douglas Ammerman. Shaker Table Test Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1668933.

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Klymyshyn, Nicholas A., Scott E. Sanborn, Harold E. Adkins und Brady D. Hanson. FUEL ASSEMBLY SHAKER TEST SIMULATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1095447.

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Kipke, Daryl R., Jeffrey Carrier und David J. Anderson. Implantable Neural Interfaces for Sharks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Mai 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada470127.

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Klymyshyn, Nicholas A., Philip J. Jensen und Nathan P. Barrett. Shaker Table Modeling Support Task 2015. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1494309.

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Mayes, R. L., und M. A. Nusser. The Interstate-40 bridge shaker project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10148469.

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