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Gilliland, Joshua M., und Barry D. Keim. „Position of the South Atlantic Anticyclone and Its Impact on Surface Conditions across Brazil“. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, Nr. 3 (März 2018): 535–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0178.1.
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AbstractThis study examines the surface wind characteristics of Brazil on the basis of the location of the maximum high pressure center in the South Atlantic basin (SAB), known as the South Atlantic anticyclone (SAA), from three reanalysis datasets for the period of 1980–2014. Linear wind speed trends determined for Brazil are geographically related to surface and macroscale atmospheric conditions found in the SAB. The daily mean position of the SAA exhibited a latitudinal poleward shift for all seasons, and a longitudinal trend was dependent upon extratropical activity found in the SAB. Results also show that wind speed and sea level pressure for northern Brazil are dependent upon the latitudinal position of the SAA. Consequently, surface wind correlations for southern Brazil tend to be related to changes in the longitudinal position of the SAA, which result from transient anticyclones migrating over the SAB. An examination of positive and negative wind anomalies shows that shifts in the position of the SAA are coupled with changes in sea level pressure for northern Brazil and air temperature for southern Brazil. From these findings, a surface wind analysis was performed to demonstrate how the geographical location of the SAA affects wind speed anomalies across Brazil and the SAB. Results from this study can assist in understanding how atmospheric systems change within the SAB so that forthcoming socioeconomic and climate-related causes of wind for the country of Brazil can be known.
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Ray, Alpana, und Bimal K. Ray. „Isolation and Functional Characterization of cDNA of Serum Amyloid A-Activating Factor That Binds to the Serum Amyloid A Promoter“. Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, Nr. 12 (01.12.1998): 7327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.12.7327.
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ABSTRACT Serum amyloid A (SAA), a plasma protein inducible in response to many inflammatory conditions, is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases including reactive amyloidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis. We have previously reported an element of the SAA promoter, designated SAA-activating sequence (SAS), that is involved in the inflammation-induced SAA expression, and a nuclear factor, SAS-binding factor (SAF), that interacts with the SAS element has been identified previously (A. Ray and B. K. Ray, Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1584–1594, 1996). To evaluate how SAF is involved in SAA promoter activation, we have investigated structural features and functional characteristics of this transcription factor. Our studies indicate that SAF belongs to a family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of multiple zinc finger motifs of the Cys2-His2 type at the carboxyl end. Of the three cloned SAF cDNAs (SAF-1, SAF-5, and SAF-8), SAF-1 isoform showed a high degree of homology to MAZ/ZF87/Pur-1 protein while SAF-5 and SAF-8 isoforms are unique and are related to SAF-1/MAZ/ZF87/Pur-1 at the zinc finger domains but different elsewhere. Although structurally distinct, all members are capable of activating SAS element-mediated expression and display virtually identical sequence specificities. However, varying levels of expression of members of this gene family were observed in different tissues. Functional activity of SAF is regulated by a posttranslational event as SAF DNA-binding and transactivation abilities are increased by a protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, and inhibited by a protein kinase inhibitor, H7. Consistent with this observation, increased DNA binding of the cloned SAF and its hyperphosphorylation, in response to okadaic acid treatment of the transfected cells, were observed. Taken together, our results suggest that, in addition to tissue-specific expression, SAFs, a family of zinc finger transcription factors, undergo a modification by a posttranslational event that confers their SAA promoter-binding activity and transactivation potential.
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Daronco, Carla Regina, Renata Linassi Bárta, Karine Raquel Uhdich Kleibert, Fernanda Wagner Boz, José Antônio Gonzalez da Silva, Eniva Miladi Fernandes Stumm, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho und Christiane de Fátima Colet. „Qualidade da água subterrânea distribuída na zona urbana por diferentes formas de abastecimento público“. CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 17, Nr. 1 (31.01.2024): 7820–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.1-472.
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Avaliar a qualidade da água consumida pela população urbana oriunda de sistemas de abastecimento de água (SAA) e de solução alternativa coletiva (SAC) de captação subterrânea. Trata-se de estudo observacional, quantitativo, retrospectivo, a partir de amostras de água coletadas de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2019, mensalmente, pela vigilância da qualidade da água para consumo humano. As amostras foram analisadas para cloro residual livre (CRL), fluoreto, turbidez, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli (EC) e distribuídas, segundo estação do ano. O SAA apresentou inconformidade nas amostras: 7,5 % de CRL, 19,6% de fluoreto e 1,9 % de EC. As amostras coletadas em SAC estiveram fora do padrão de potabilidade em: 59,3% de CRL, 9,7% de coliformes totais e 5,3% de EC. SAC apresentou maior contaminação ambiental e fecal do que o SAA, que pode ser explicada pelo percentual elevado de CRL abaixo do recomendado pela legislação. A subfluoretação da SAA reduziu-se ao longo do estudo. A qualidade da água destinada ao consumo humano na zona urbana proveniente de captação subterrânea, distribuída por meio de SAC não é equivalente a água distribuída por SAA, uma vez que a primeira demonstrou maior vulnerabilidade à contaminação microbiológica.
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Zhou, Chunxia, Teng Zhang und Lei Zheng. „The Characteristics of Surface Albedo Change Trends over the Antarctic Sea Ice Region during Recent Decades“. Remote Sensing 11, Nr. 7 (05.04.2019): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070821.
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Based on a long-time series (1982–2015) of remote sensing data, we analyzed the change in surface albedo (SAL) during summer (from December to the following February) for the entire Antarctic Sea Ice Region (ASIR) and five longitudinal sectors around Antarctica: (1). the Weddell Sea (WS), (2). Indian Ocean, (3). Pacific Ocean (PO), (4). Ross Sea, and (5). Bellingshausen–Amundsen Sea (BS). Empirical mode decomposition was used to extract the trend of the original signal, and then a slope test method was utilized to identify a transition point. The SAL provided by the CM SAF cloud, Albedo, and Surface Radiation dataset from AVHRR data-Second Edition was validated at Neumayer station. Sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea surface temperature (SST) were also analyzed. The trend of the SAL/SIC was positive during summer over the ASIR and five longitudinal sectors, except for the BS (−2.926% and −4.596% per decade for SAL and SIC, correspondingly). Moreover, the largest increasing trend of SAL and SIC appeared in the PO at approximately 3.781% and 3.358% per decade, respectively. However, the decreasing trend of SAL/SIC in the BS slowed down, and the increasing trend of SAL/SIC in the PO accelerated. The trend curves of the SST exhibited a crest around 2000–2005; thus, the slope lines of the SST showed an increasing–decreasing type for the ASIR and the five longitudinal sectors. The evolution of summer albedo decreased rapidly in the early summer and then maintained a relatively stable level for the whole ASIR. The change of it mainly depended on the early melt of sea ice during the entire summer. The change of sea ice albedo had a narrow range when compared with composite albedo and SIC over the five longitudinal sectors and reached a stable level earlier. The transition point of SAL/SIC in several sectors appeared around the year 2000, whereas that of the SST for the entire ASIR occurred in 2003–2005. A high value of SAL/SIC and a low value of the SST existed in the WS which can be displayed by the spatial distribution of pixel average. In addition, the lower the latitude was, the lower the SAL/SIC and the higher the SST would be. A transition point of SAL appeared in 2001 in most areas of West Antarctica. This transition point could be illustrated by anomaly maps. The spatial distribution of the pixel-based trend of SAL demonstrated that the change in SAL in East Antarctica has exhibited a positive trend in recent decades. However, in West Antarctica, the change of SAL presented a decreasing trend before 2001 and transformed into an increasing trend afterward, especially in the east of the Antarctic Peninsula.
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Jimenez-Moya, Beatriz, Ana C. Barroeta, Francesc Guardiola, María Dolores Soler, Raquel Rodriguez-Sanchez und Roser Sala. „Replacement of Palm Oil with Soybean Acid Oil in Broiler Chicken Diet: Fat Digestibility and Lipid Class Content along the Intestinal Tract“. Animals 11, Nr. 9 (03.09.2021): 2586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092586.
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This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of palm oil (P) with increasing levels of soybean acid oil (SA), a by-product of soybean oil (S) refining, on lipid class content and fatty acid (FA) digestibility in the intestine and excreta of chickens at 11 and 35 days (d). Five experimental diets were obtained by supplementing a basal diet with 6% of P (P6), 6% of SA (SA6), 4% of P + 2% SA (P4-SA2), 2% of P + 4% of SA (P2-SA4) and 6% of S (S6). A total of 480 one-d-old female broiler chickens (Ross 308) were housed in metabolic cages (6 cages/treatment, with 16 birds/cage). Replacing P with SA improved fat absorption at 11 and 35 d (p < 0.05), but not feed AME values and saturated FA (SFA) digestibility at 11 d. As age increased, the absorption of SFA and free fatty acids (FFA) improved, and the contribution of the upper ileum to FA absorption increased (p < 0.05). At 35 d, SA6 (56% FFA) and P2-SA4 (40% FFA, 2.6 unsaturated-to-saturated FA ratio) could replace S6 without impairing fat utilization. The replacement of P with SA represents a suitable strategy to use this by-product.
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Ray, Alpana, und Bimal K. Ray. „Persistent Expression of Serum Amyloid A During Experimentally Induced Chronic Inflammatory Condition in Rabbit Involves Differential Activation of SAF, NF-κB, and C/EBP Transcription Factors“. Journal of Immunology 163, Nr. 4 (15.08.1999): 2143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.4.2143.
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Abstract The serum amyloid A (SAA) protein has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. Its induction mechanism in response to a chronic inflammatory condition was investigated in rabbits following multiple s.c. injections of AgNO3 over a period of 35 days. During unremitting exposure to inflammatory stimulus, a persistently higher than normal level of SAA2 expression was seen in multiple tissues. Induction of SAA was correlated with higher levels of several transcription factor activities. Increased SAA-activating factor (SAF) activity was detected in the liver, lung, and brain tissues under both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. In the heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle tissues, this activity remained virtually constant. In contrast, CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) DNA-binding activity was transiently induced in selective tissues. Higher than normal NF-κB DNA-binding activity was detected in the lung and to a lesser extent in the liver and kidney tissues under both acute and chronic conditions. This result suggested that C/EBP, SAF, and NF-κB are required for transient acute phase induction of SAA whereas SAF and NF-κB activities are necessary for persistent SAA expression during chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Ray, A., und B. K. Ray. „A novel cis-acting element is essential for cytokine-mediated transcriptional induction of the serum amyloid A gene in nonhepatic cells.“ Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, Nr. 4 (April 1996): 1584–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.4.1584.
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Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a plasma protein which has been associated with several diseases, including amyloidosis, arthritis, and atherosclerosis, and its abnormal expression, particularly in nonhepatic cells, is implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Transfection and DNA-binding studies were performed to investigate the mechanism controlling cytokine-induced, nonhepatic expression of the SAA gene. We have identified a novel promoter, located between positions -280 and 224, that confers interleukin-6 (IL-6) inducibility to an SAA-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in both nonhepatic and hepatic cells. DNase I protection assays revealed, within this region, three homologous highly pyrimidine rich octanucleotide sequence motifs, termed SAA-activating sequences (SAS). Specific mutations within these three SAS motifs severely reduced IL-6-mediated induction of the reporter gene in transfected nonhepatic cells but not in liver cells. A nuclear factor activated by IL-6 in both hepatic and nonhepatic cells efficiently interacts with the SAS. The induction kinetics and cycloheximide sensitivity of this SAS-binding factor (SAF) suggested that de novo synthesis of this factor itself or an activator protein is essential. Loss of DNA-binding ability as a result of in vitro dephosphorylation, induction of SAA-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene activity in the presence of genistein, a protein kinase inhibitor, further indicate that a phosphorylation step is necessary for the activation of SAF. Our results suggest that SAF is a key regulator of cytokine-mediated SAA gene expression in some nonhepatic cells.
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Grumann, Dorothee, Eeva Ruotsalainen, Julia Kolata, Pentti Kuusela, Asko Järvinen, Vesa P. Kontinen, Barbara M. Bröker und Silva Holtfreter. „Characterization of Infecting Strains and Superantigen-Neutralizing Antibodies inStaphylococcus aureusBacteremia“. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, Nr. 3 (19.01.2011): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00329-10.
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ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureussuperantigens (SAgs) are highly potent T cell mitogens. Antibodies against non-enterotoxin gene cluster (non-egc) SAgs are common in healthy adults, whereas neutralizing antibodies againstegcSAgs are rare. We investigated the infectingS. aureusstrains and the anti-SAg antibody response duringS. aureusbacteremia (SAB). This prospective clinical study (www.clinicaltrials.gov,NCT00548002) included 43 injection drug users (IDUs) and 44 group-matched nonaddicts with SAB.spagenotypes and SAg gene patterns (multiplex PCR) of theS. aureusisolates were determined. The neutralizing capacities of sera obtained at the acute phase and the convalescent phase of SAB were tested against the SAg cocktail of the respective infecting strain and a panel of recombinant SAgs. The lineages CC59 and CC30 were more prevalent among bacteremia strains from IDUs than among strains from nonaddicts. SAg gene patterns in isolates from IDUs and nonaddicts were similar. At the acute phase of bacteremia, IDUs had more neutralizing antibodies against non-egcSAgs than did nonaddicts. Antibody titers frequently increased during infection. In contrast, there were no neutralizing antibodies againstegcSAgs at disease onset and such antibodies were not induced by SAB. SAB triggers an antibody response only against non-egcSAgs. Preimmunization in IDU patients is probably due to previous exposure to the infecting strain.
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Carvalho, Renato Kramberger, Claudio Limeira Mello und Olinto Gomes de Souza Junior. „Characterization and structural restoration of a Pre-salt area of the Santos Basinand the impact of paleogeography on the control of facies deposition in the reservoir“. Geologia USP. Série Científica 24, Nr. 1 (15.04.2024): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v24-200523.
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O forte controle estrutural exercido sobre a deposição dos carbonatos da Formação Barra Velha (Aptiano), Pré-sal da Bacia de Santos, durante as fases rifte e sag condicionou os processos estratigráficos e sedimentológicos que controlaram a distribuição e a qualidade desses reservatórios. O entendimento de como e com que intensidade a evolução estrutural impactou a distribuição das fácies carbonáticas é crucial para se fazer um mapeamento preditivo dos reservatórios. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido na área de Iracema, campo de Tupi, onde foram mapeados cinco horizontes sísmicos e 74 falhas objetivando a caracterização e restauração estrutural e a reconstrução da paleogeografia dos reservatórios à época da deposição da Formação Barra Velha, se restringindo ao intervalo depositado durante a fase sag da bacia. Foi construída uma superfície de paleobatimetria para os horizontes restaurados referentes aos limites basais dos intervalos sag inferior e sag superior, considerando as profundidades de deposição dos carbonatos com base em depósitos análogos recentes, de acordo com estudos anteriores realizados na própria bacia. Para exemplificar a aplicação da análise paleobatimétrica realizada, foi conduzida uma modelagem de processos estratigráficos e sedimentológicos no intervalo superior da fase sag, permitindo reproduzir cenários da arquitetura interna da plataforma carbonática. Os resultados demonstram que a restauração realizada apresenta uma melhor e preditiva caracterização faciológica do reservatório, que irá orientar a definição da distribuição de porosidade e permeabilidade em trabalhos de caracterização 3D do reservatório.
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Fynn, Joan. „Scientific archiving—a SAG saga“. Quality Assurance Journal 3, Nr. 3 (September 1998): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1786(199809)3:3<93::aid-qaj73>3.0.co;2-7.
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Fitriani, Ika Nur, Muhammad Sholahudin und Adi Tiara Zikri. „Analysis of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Of 1,8-Napthalymide-4-Aminoquinoline Derivatives as Antimalarial Compounds“. Walisongo Journal of Chemistry 5, Nr. 2 (25.12.2022): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/wjc.v5i2.13412.
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QSAR analysis from derivative compounds of 1,8-naphthalimide-4-aminoquinoline has been carried out with the aim of knowing the quantitative relationship between structure and activity based on the log IC50 value. The modelling was made with two dimensions and geometric optimization is carried out. The AM1 semi-empirical method was used to optimize the geometry of the total energy of 25 compounds. The descriptors in the QSAR calculation were dipole moment, atomic net charge, ELUMO, EHOMO, SAG, SAA, hydration energy, polarizability, and log P. The descriptors were used to find quantitative equations of the relationship between the structure and antimalarial activity.
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Tammayan, Manita, Nattinee Jantaratnotai und Praewpat Pachimsawat. „Differential responses of salivary cortisol, amylase, and chromogranin A to academic stress“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 8 (12.08.2021): e0256172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256172.
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Salivary biomarkers have been widely used to help diagnose stress, anxiety, and/or depression. This study aimed to compare the responses of three commonly investigated salivary stress biomarkers that represent the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity (cortisol; sCort) and the sympathetic activity (alpha-amylase; sAA and chromogranin A; sCgA), using academic oral presentation as a model of stress. Twenty postgraduate dental students attended the seminar class as presenter and audience. The presenters’ performances were evaluated by the instructors suggesting more stress than the audience. The saliva was collected two times: before attending class and after an academic presentation (for presenters) or during the class (for audience). The pulse rates (PR) were also recorded. The results showed that the levels of all three biomarkers, as well as PR, were significantly higher in the presenter group compared with the audience group; however, the changes were most prominent with sCort and sAA (99.56 ± 12.76% for sCort, 93.48 ± 41.29% for sAA, 16.86 ± 6.42% for sCgA, and 15.06 ± 3.41% for PR). When compared between pre-post presentation, the levels of sCgA were not different, while those of sCort and sAA were significantly increased. These results suggest more sensitive reactivity to academic stress of sCort and sAA compared with sCgA and that the response of sCgA did not necessarily follow sAA pattern even though both are claimed to reflect the sympathetic activity. More studies are needed to elucidate the roles of sCgA in stress.
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Maeda, Keisuke, Shota Kikuta, Shigenari Matsuyama und Satoshi Ishihara. „Holospinal epidural abscess caused byStreptococcus anginosus group: a literature review“. BMJ Case Reports 15, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2022): e252337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-252337.
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Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) usually extends over three to four vertebrae. We present a case of holospinal epidural abscess (HEA) caused by theStreptococcus anginosusgroup (SAG). A man in his 40s with a 2-week history of fever, back pain, and progressive tetraparesis was referred to us from the local hospital. MRI showed epidural fluid collection from C2 to S1. Blood and pus cultures revealed the presence of SAG. He was treated by emergency laminoplasty, epidural drainage and antibiotic treatment. After the 111st hospital day, his manual muscle test was shown to improve; hence, he was transferred for rehabilitation. According to the previous reports, we identified 12 cases of SEA extending from the cervical spine to the sacrum, including our case. For one-fourth of these cases, SAG was the causative organism of this rare SEA. Therefore, SAG should be considered causative organisms in HEA.
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Milne, W. M. „Comparative performance of spotted clover aphid and spotted alfalfa aphid on annual medic cultivars“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, Nr. 3 (1998): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97157.
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Summary Twenty-three annual medic cultivars, hybrids and accessions were tested for their suitability as hosts of 2 genetically different biotypes of Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) [spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA) and spotted clover aphid (SCA)] which occur in Australia. Aphids were reared on excised trifoliate leaves on agar containing a soluble fertiliser. Parameters measured were initial host acceptance by adult aphids, mortality of 1st generation nymphs, developmental time of apterous aphids, incidence of alate adults, and 4-day fecundity of apterous adults. Host suitability indices were calculated for the 2 biotypes on each of the accessions. Spotted clover aphid clearly outperformed SAA on the majority of the medics tested. It accepted most host plants more readily, and SCA nymphs nearly always developed more rapidly, suffered lower mortality and produced fewer alatae than those of SAA. A number of cultivars which had been bred for resistance to SAA proved to be highly unsuitable hosts for SAA but relatively suitable hosts for SCA. Spotted clover aphid has the potential to be a serious pest on susceptible medics, and to be able to survive on resistant cultivars until more favoured pasture legumes become available.
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Ray, Bimal K., und Alpana Ray. „Induction of Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Gene by SAA-activating Sequence-binding Factor (SAF) in Monocyte/Macrophage Cells“. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, Nr. 46 (14.11.1997): 28948–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.46.28948.
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Mooser, Andrê E., und Herbert Koch. „Confirmatory Method for Sulfonamide Residues in Animal Tissues by Gas Chromatography and Pulsed Positive Ion-Negative Ion-Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, Nr. 5 (01.09.1993): 976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.5.976.
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Abstract A confirmatory method has been developed for determination of 13 sulfonamides in edible tissues. The assay involves extraction from a solution resulting from a screening procedure by liquid chromatography and subsequent derivatization. Sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), sulfadiazine (SDA), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamerazine (SME), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP), sulfapyridine (SPR), sulfaquinoxaline (SQX), and sulfathiazole (STA) were detected as the N1-methyl-N4-trifluoroacetyl derivatives, sulfaguanidine (SGU) as the same derivative after cyclization by hexafluoroacetylacetone, and sulfacetamide (SAC) as the methyl derivative. These sulfonamides were detected by gas chromatography and pulsed positive ion-negative ion-chemical ionization mass spectrometry with methane as the reactant gas, whereas sulfanilamide (SAA) was determined as the methyl derivative by electron-impact ionization.
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Wang, Wei, Jinyao Gao, Dongming Li, Tao Zhang, Xiaowen Luo und Jinling Wang. „Measurements and Accuracy Evaluation of a Strapdown Marine Gravimeter Based on Inertial Navigation“. Sensors 18, Nr. 11 (12.11.2018): 3902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113902.
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The strapdown gravimetry system uses the combination of an Inertial Measuring Unit (IMU) and a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to measure the Earth’s gravity field. Due to limited accuracies of IMU and GNSS, early strapdown gravimetry systems were more often used in airborne surveys, but less used in marine surveys. We developed a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), the Sea-Air Gravimeter-2Marine (SAG-2M), using novel IMU components, whose accuracy was further improved with the application of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and enhanced algorithm, making it possible to be used in marine gravity survey. The testing results of the SAG-2M were compared to those of the Lacoste and Romberg S-129 gravimeter on the same ship in the South China Sea basin. The cruise lasted for 50 days, during which 134 effective gravity profiles were measured, resulting in 174 crossover points. The results showed that, for the SAG-2M, the root mean square (RMS) crossover points were 1.35 mGal before difference adjustment and 0.69 mGal after difference adjustment; for the S-129 gravimeter, they were 5.62 mGal and 0.95 mGal, correspondingly. In calm sea conditions, the results of the two systems were relatively consistent at all wavelengths. However, in rough sea conditions, since the SAG-2M was not affected by the cross-coupling effect, its data demonstrated less high-frequency jump. A physical platform adopted in SAG-2M can further make the transition data effective when the ship is turning around. Therefore, SAG-2M was able to improve the proportion of valid data and the efficiency of data post-processing for measurements taken during the cruise. The testing results indicate that in terms of accuracy and efficiency in the marine gravity survey, SAG-2M is better than S-129. In addition, as the miniaturization and precision of inertial components are developing continuously, SAG-2M also shows great potential in miniaturization.
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Vinogradova, Nadya T., Rui M. Ponte, Katherine J. Quinn, Mark E. Tamisiea, Jean-Michel Campin und James L. Davis. „Dynamic Adjustment of the Ocean Circulation to Self-Attraction and Loading Effects“. Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, Nr. 3 (März 2015): 678–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0150.1.
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AbstractThe oceanic response to surface loading, such as that related to atmospheric pressure, freshwater exchange, and changes in the gravity field, is essential to our understanding of sea level variability. In particular, so-called self-attraction and loading (SAL) effects caused by the redistribution of mass within the land–atmosphere–ocean system can have a measurable impact on sea level. In this study, the nature of SAL-induced variability in sea level is examined in terms of its equilibrium (static) and nonequilibrium (dynamic) components, using a general circulation model that implicitly includes the physics of SAL. The additional SAL forcing is derived by decomposing ocean mass anomalies into spherical harmonics and then applying Love numbers to infer associated crustal displacements and gravitational shifts. This implementation of SAL physics incurs only a relatively small computational cost. Effects of SAL on sea level amount to about 10% of the applied surface loading on average but depend strongly on location. The dynamic component exhibits large-scale basinwide patterns, with considerable contributions from subweekly time scales. Departures from equilibrium decrease toward longer time scales but are not totally negligible in many places. Ocean modeling studies should benefit from using a dynamical implementation of SAL as used here.
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Dunion, Jason P., und Christopher S. Marron. „A Reexamination of the Jordan Mean Tropical Sounding Based on Awareness of the Saharan Air Layer: Results from 2002“. Journal of Climate 21, Nr. 20 (15.10.2008): 5242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli1868.1.
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Abstract The Jordan mean tropical sounding has provided a benchmark for representing the climatology of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea since 1958. However, recent studies of the Saharan air layer (SAL) have suggested that the tropical atmosphere in these oceanic regions may contain two distinct soundings (SAL and non-SAL) with differing thermodynamic and kinematic structures and that a single mean sounding like Jordan’s does not effectively represent these differences. This work addresses this possibility by examining over 750 rawinsondes from the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea during the 2002 hurricane season. It was found that a two-peak bimodal moisture distribution (dry SAL and moist non-SAL) exists in this region and that the Jordan sounding does not represent either distribution particularly well. Additionally, SAL soundings exhibited higher values of geopotential height, unique temperature profiles, and stronger winds (with an enhanced easterly component) compared to the moist tropical non-SAL soundings. The results of this work suggest that the Jordan mean tropical sounding may need to be updated to provide a more robust depiction of the thermodynamics and kinematics that exist in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea during the hurricane season.
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Araujo, Luisa Fernandes de, Franciele Pereira Camargo, Alena Torres Netto, Nathalia Salles Vernin und Rosane Cristina de Andrade. „Análise da cobertura de abastecimento e da qualidade da água distribuída em diferentes regiões do Brasil no ano de 2019“. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, Nr. 7 (2022): 2935–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022277.16472021.
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Resumo Tendo em vista que a universalização dos serviços de saneamento é uma das metas do Plano Nacional de Saneamento Básico (PLANSAB) e um dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS), esta pesquisa objetivou-se avaliar a cobertura do abastecimento e a qualidade da água distribuída no Brasil em 2019. Foram utilizados os dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (SNIS) e do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano (Sisagua). Verificou-se que 82% da população foi atendida por serviços de água, sendo este percentual ainda menor considerando apenas a região Norte (58%) e Nordeste (74%). A maioria da população é atendida por Sistemas de Abastecimento de Água (SAA); entretanto, na região Norte, 6,6% da população é atendida por SAA e 7,2% por Solução Alternativa Coletiva (SAC) sem tratamentos. Para o parâmetro Coliformes totais, 21,9% das amostras de SAC da região Norte estavam fora do padrão de potabilidade, enquanto para o residual de agente desinfetante, 40,6% de SAA da região Nordeste encontravam-se fora do padrão, sendo que deste total 19% das amostras apresentavam concentração do agente desinfetante acima de 5,0 mg/L e 81% das amostras apresentavam concentrações menores que 0,2 mg/L. Conclui-se que parte da população pode estar vulnerável aos riscos relacionados à qualidade da água.
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Dos Santos, Silmara Bispo, Henrique de Matos Teixeira, Keteri Poliane Moraes De Oliveira, Kamila Welter da Rocha Vieira und Nicoly Rodrigues Dos Santos. „O ACESSO À ÁGUA POTÁVEL NO OESTE DA BAHIA: UM OLHAR DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS E DA SAÚDE“. REVISTA FOCO 16, Nr. 6 (14.06.2023): e2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.54751/revistafoco.v16n6-088.
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O acesso à água potável é incontestavelmente essencial à vida e requer a compreensão de que é um direito humano promotor de saúde, que precisa ser universalizado de forma equânime. Esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir o acesso à água no Oeste da Bahia na perspectiva do direito humano e da saúde. Assim, foram analisados indicadores, a partir de dados dos sistemas de informações secundárias, nos 14 municípios do Núcleo Regional de Saúde de Barreiras, no Oeste da Bahia, cuja prestação do serviço de abastecimento de água é realizada pela concessionária estadual. Nos resultados identificou-se que 81,83% da população é abastecida por meio de Sistema de Abastecimento de Água (SAA), 12,86% por Solução Alternativa Coletiva (SAC), 0,16% por Solução Alternativa Individual (SAI) e 7,5% da população não tiveram informações registradas em 2021. Se destacou como uma preocupação central o fato de que 83,36% das pessoas que são abastecidas apenas por SAC consomem água sem tratamento, revelando uma situação crítica. Dessa forma, constata-se que não há atendimento ao critério normativo de qualidade da água, o que se apresenta como uma violação do direito humano à água e à saúde. Além disso, o estudo mostrou a existência de dificuldades no controle e gestão das soluções alternativas coletivas e na realização da vigilância da qualidade de água.
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Gomes de Oliveira, Emanuelly Kelly, Maria Nicole de Sousa Silva, Solange Aparecida Goularte Dombroski, Luana Carla Rodrigues de Sá und Genevile Carife Bergamo. „Qualidade da água para consumo humano: estudo no sistema de um campus universitário“. Revista DAE 71, Nr. 239 (20.12.2022): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36659/dae.2023.012.
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No Brasil, a portaria vigente estabelece reponsabilidade pelo controle e vigilância da qualidade da água para consumo da água, especificando SAA, SAC e SAI. Em escala predial, a NBR 5626 apresenta diversos requisitos relacionados à potabilidade da água, incluindo condições gerais de operação, uso e manutenção desses sistemas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo monitorar a qualidade da água para consumo humano da UFERSA, campus Mossoró, de modo a contribuir para a proteção da saúde de sua comunidade. Foram realizadas amostragens em pontos de monitoramento (saídas de reservatórios prediais e bebedouros) de parte dos setores/edificações da instituição, levando em conta um plano de amostragem previamente elaborado. Quando necessário, foi realizada amostragem em pontos a montante dos locais de amostragem para monitoramento. Foram monitorados os parâmetros: turbidez, cloro residual livre (CRL), coliformes totais e Escherichia coli e temperatura. A análise estatística indicou que as amostras com ausência de coliformes totais e de Escherichia coli apresentaram maiores concentrações de CRL e menores concentrações de turbidez. Palavras-chave: Padrão de potabilidade. Sistema de abastecimento de água. Sistema predial de água fria. Reservatório predial. Bebedouro.
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RAMIREZ, Andrea Arias, Juliano KUCHLE, Renata Dos Santos ALVARENGA, Claiton SCHERER und Karin GOLDBERG. „Análise sismoestratigráfica da seção rifte da Bacia de Santos, Brasil“. Pesquisas em Geociências 42, Nr. 3 (27.02.2015): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.78195.
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A Bacia de Santos, apesar de uma das principais bacias atualmente no Brasil exploradas devido à importância do pré-sal, possui pouca informação geológica, como registros de poço, sísmica 3D e sísmica 2D de boa qualidade na seção rifte. O presente trabalho visa à integração da análise sismoestratigráfica e proposição de um modelo de evolução tectonoestratigráfica para a seção rifte da bacia. A análise sismoestratigráfica envolveu a interpretação dos refletores, que é a base da identificação das unidades sismoestratigráficas e a caracterização das sismofácies. Como resultado, foi obtida a definição de 16 unidades sismoestratigráficas e quatro sismofácies (incluindo o sag), e o desenvolvimento das cartas cronoestratigráficas de eventos adaptadas para o contexto sísmico. Com base no ajuste do modelo de padrões de empilhamento para mudanças na atividade tectônica, foram delimitados os tratos de sistemas tectônicos de início de rifte, de alta atividade tectônica, de baixa atividade tectônica e o pós-rifte, representado pelo sag. O desenvolvimento de cada um dos tratos respondeu a variações dos fatores controladores das bacias lacustres, interpretado como o balanço relativo entre as taxas de mudanças do espaço de acomodação gerado pela tectônica e o aporte sedimentar influenciado pelo clima.
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Herrmann, T., T. Hochgrebe, N. E. Torres-Nagel, B. T. Huber und T. Hünig. „Control of the rat T cell response to retroviral and bacterial superantigens by class II MHC products and Tcrb-V8.2 alleles.“ Journal of Immunology 152, Nr. 9 (01.05.1994): 4300–4309. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.152.9.4300.
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Abstract The in vitro response of unprimed rat T cells to retroviral and bacterial superantigens (SAg) was analyzed with TCR V beta 8.2-, 8.5-, 10-, and 16-specific mAbs. Specific stimulation of V beta 8.2 and 8.5 CD4 cells was observed in the response to Mls1a, the retroviral SAg encoded by integrated provirus Mtv-7 (Mtv-7 SAg), which was presented by mouse B cells or mouse fibroblasts transfected with DR1 genes and the Mtv-7 SAg. Additionally, a strong response of V beta 16 CD4 cells to an as yet unidentified mouse SAg was found. Only some of the bacterial SAg known to stimulate mouse and human T cells also activated rat lymph node cells. SEA, SEE, and TSST-1 stimulated rat T cells well; SEB, SEC1, and SED did not. This defect was apparently a result of weak binding to rat MHC class II molecules because presentation by human MHC class II molecules restored T cell activation. Under these conditions, SEB stimulated V beta 8.2+ and 8.5+ CD4 and CD8 cells from Lewis rats. A comparison of several rat strains revealed an unresponsiveness to SEB or Mtv-7 SAg for V beta 8.2 cells from F344 and DA rats. Determination of the nucleotide sequences of the Tcrb-V8.2 of these strains revealed differences between SAg-responsive and SAg-unresponsive Tcrb-V8.2 in seven amino acids, four of them located in the putative SAg contact site. The significance of these findings for the evolution of TCR-SAg interactions is discussed.
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Mastroroberto, Marianna, Sonia Berardi, Matteo Renzulli, Caterina Maggioli, Paolo Pianta, Antonio Daniele Pinna, Rita Golfieri und Claudia Sama. „Transcatheter Embolization for Giant Splenic Artery Aneurisms: Still an Open Question“. Case Reports in Radiology 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/652469.
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Transcatheter embolization is the mainstay of the therapy of splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs) in patients with portal hypertension. It is indicated when the SAA diameter reaches 20 mm. Although endovascular techniques are effective and safe for the treatment of medium-sized SAAs, little is known about their applicability to large-sized SAAs. Herein, we report a case of giant SAA, which was treated with transcatheter coil embolization. The case was not considered suitable for surgery because of the presence of severe portal hypertension. The procedure was complicated by bacterial infection of the coils within the aneurismatic sac, leading to the development of hepatic failure. A liver transplant was then successfully performed despite the presence of a nonresponsive infection.
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Sun, Weiwei, Zongyao Li und Shicui Zhang. „Acute phase response in zebrafish embryo/larva with special emphasis on LPS-induced changes in expression pattern of acute phase protein genes“. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94, Nr. 7 (01.05.2014): 1569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414000150.
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Acute phase response (APR) in developing embryos/larvae remains poorly studied in fish, and information regarding the expression and role of acute phase proteins (APPs) in developing embryos/larvae is rather limited in teleosts. In this study we investigated the APR in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae challenged with LPS by examining the expression of APP genes encoding CRP, SAA, LECT2, HAMP and HP and APP inducer genes encoding IL-1β and TNF-α. Expression of all the seven genes was up-regulated in embryos/larvae after challenge with LPS as revealed by q-RT-PCR. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) showed that all the genes displayed strong maternal expression in the cleavage and blastula stages, and ubiquitous expression in the gastrula and segmentation stage embryos, and then they were expressed differently in specific tissues in later developmental stages. Interestingly, challenge with LPS resulted in de novo expression of the SAA gene in the yolk sac and intestine, the LECT2 gene in the yolk sac, and the IL-1β gene in the yolk sac and the dispersed neutrophils of caudal vein, and visible enhanced expression of the LECT2 gene in the yolk sac. These are the first such data reported in teleosts, showing that LPS challenge is able to modify the expression patterns of APP and APP inducer genes. Altogether, these data suggest that zebrafish embryos/larvae are able to respond to acute infection though their immune system remains in a developing and immature state.
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Kuroda, K., J. Yagi, K. Imanishi, X. J. Yan, X. Y. Li, W. Fujimaki, H. Kato et al. „Implantation of IL-2-containing osmotic pump prolongs the survival of superantigen-reactive T cells expanded in mice injected with bacterial superantigen.“ Journal of Immunology 157, Nr. 4 (15.08.1996): 1422–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.157.4.1422.
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Abstract In the present study we investigated the mechanism of deletion of superantigen (sAg)-reactive T cells expanded in sAg-injected mice. In staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)-injected mice, IL-2 activity in serum peaked at 1 to 3 h and the expression of IL-2R alpha-chain (IL-2R alpha) on SEA-reactive (V beta 3+, or V beta 11+) T cells peaked at 6 to 12 h after the injection. Expansion of V beta 3+ or V beta 11+ T cells peaked at 2 days after the injection when most of these T cells were IL-2R alpha negative, and IL-2 activity was not detected at all in serum, suggesting the involvement of IL-2 deprivation in the deletion of expanded T cells. Implantation of an osmotic pump containing human rIL-2 (IL-2 pump) prolonged the expanded states of V beta 3+ or V beta 11+ T cells in SEA-injected C57BL/6 mice and of V beta 8+ T cells in SEB-injected MRL +/+ and Fas Ag-defective MRL-Ipr/Ipr mice. Adult thymectomy did not change at all the effect induced by implantation of IL-2 pump. DNA fragmentation was blocked substantially in mice co-treated with SEA and IL-2 pump. In addition, CD4+ T cell blasts, obtained by in vitro stimulation with rIL-2 of splenic CD4+ T cells from mice co-treated with SEA and IL-2 pump, produced substantial amounts of IL-2 upon restimulation with SEA. These results indicate that deprivation of IL-2 is deeply involved in the deletion of expanded sAg-reactive T cells and their anergy induction in sAg-injected mice.
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Black, Jonathan T., Jack Leifer, Joshua A. DeMoss und Eric N. Walker. „Experimental and Numerical Correlation of Gravity Sag In Solar-Sail- Quality Membranes“. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 44, Nr. 3 (Mai 2007): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.20958.
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GARPELLI, Lia Nogueira, und Didier GASTMANS. „Potencial hidromineral dos aquíferos do estado de São Paulo“. Pesquisas em Geociências 47, Nr. 3 (17.12.2020): e100458. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.109987.
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O estado de São Paulo lidera a produção brasileira de água mineral. Devido ao seu complexo arcabouço hidrogeológico, composto por vários aquíferos sedimentares e fraturados, as águas minerais apresentam diferentes características hidrominerais. Assim, o principal objetivo foi avaliar o potencial hidromineral dos aquíferos paulistas, fundamentado pelo Código de Águas Minerais (CAM) e legislações internacionais correlatas, a partir de uma base de dados pública de laudos analíticos de 276 poços de águas subterrâneas da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB). Baseado nas concentrações de Sólidos Totais Dissolvidos (STD), observou-se que as águas subterrâneas possuem grau variável de mineralização, sendo as águas mais mineralizadas associadas aos sistemas aquíferos Serra Geral (SASG), Tubarão (SAT) e Bauru (SAB). Entretanto, apenas 8,7% das águas se enquadrariam como mínimo e baixo teores de STD pela legislação dos Estados Unidos. Similarmente, apenas duas amostras seriam enquadradas como muito pouco mineralizadas e 81,5% em pouco mineralizadas pela legislação europeia. Pelas classificações dispostas pelo CAM, as amostras foram caracterizadas pela temperatura, predominantemente, como frias e hipotermais, e uma pequena parcela como mesotermais e hipotermais. As águas mais frias prevaleceram no aquífero Cristalino (SAC), enquanto as águas de maiores temperaturas ocorreram no Guarani (SAG). Todo os aquíferos possuíram potencial hidromineral pela classificação química, pela concentração de flúor, seguido em ordem decrescente, pelo lítio no SAC, o vanádio no SASG, a alcalina bicarbonato no SAT, sulfato e selênio de forma mista no SAT e SASG.
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De Miguel, José Luis. „Flecha en forjados“. Informes de la Construcción 40, Nr. 395 (30.06.1988): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1988.v40.i395.1571.
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Han, Lu, Haihua Chen, Lei Guan und Lele Li. „Multiple Sea Ice Type Retrieval Using the HaiYang-2B Scatterometer in the Arctic“. Remote Sensing 15, Nr. 3 (23.01.2023): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030678.
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Sea ice type classification is of great significance for the exploration of waterways, fisheries, and offshore operations in the Arctic. However, to date, there is no multiple remote sensing method to detect sea ice type in the Arctic. This study develops a multiple sea ice type algorithm using the HaiYang-2B Scatterometer (HY-2B SCA). First, the parameters most applicable to classify sea ice type are selected through feature extraction, and a stacking model is established for the first time, which integrates decision tree and image segmentation algorithms. Finally, multiple sea ice types are classified in the Arctic, comprising Nilas, Young Ice, First Year Ice, Old Ice, and Fast Ice. Comparing the results with the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI-SAF) Sea Ice Type dataset (SIT) indicates that the sea ice type classified by HY-2B SCA (Stacking-HY2B) is similar to OSI-SAF SIT with regard to the changing trends in extent of sea ice. We use the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) high-resolution sea ice type data and EM-Bird ice thickness data to validate the result, and accuracies of 87% and 88% are obtained, respectively. This indicates that the algorithm in this work is comparable with the performance of OSI-SAF dataset, while providing information of multiple sea ice types.
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León-Zayas, Rosa, Mark Novotny, Sheila Podell, Charles M. Shepard, Eric Berkenpas, Sergey Nikolenko, Pavel Pevzner, Roger S. Lasken und Douglas H. Bartlett. „Single Cells within the Puerto Rico Trench Suggest Hadal Adaptation of Microbial Lineages“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, Nr. 24 (18.09.2015): 8265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01659-15.
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ABSTRACTHadal ecosystems are found at a depth of 6,000 m below sea level and below, occupying less than 1% of the total area of the ocean. The microbial communities and metabolic potential in these ecosystems are largely uncharacterized. Here, we present four single amplified genomes (SAGs) obtained from 8,219 m below the sea surface within the hadal ecosystem of the Puerto Rico Trench (PRT). These SAGs are derived from members of deep-sea clades, including theThaumarchaeotaand SAR11 clade, and two are related to previously isolated piezophilic (high-pressure-adapted) microorganisms. In order to identify genes that might play a role in adaptation to deep-sea environments, comparative analyses were performed with genomes from closely related shallow-water microbes. The archaeal SAG possesses genes associated with mixotrophy, including lipoylation and the glycine cleavage pathway. The SAR11 SAG encodes glycolytic enzymes previously reported to be missing from this abundant and cosmopolitan group. The other SAGs, which are related to piezophilic isolates, possess genes that may supplement energy demands through the oxidation of hydrogen or the reduction of nitrous oxide. We found evidence for potential trench-specific gene distributions, as several SAG genes were observed only in a PRT metagenome and not in shallower deep-sea metagenomes. These results illustrate new ecotype features that might perform important roles in the adaptation of microorganisms to life in hadal environments.
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Nizet, Victor, Bernard Beall, Darrin J. Bast, Vivekananda Datta, Laurie Kilburn, Donald E. Low und Joyce C. S. De Azavedo. „Genetic Locus for Streptolysin S Production by Group A Streptococcus“. Infection and Immunity 68, Nr. 7 (01.07.2000): 4245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.7.4245-4254.2000.
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ABSTRACT Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen that causes pharyngitis and invasive infections, including necrotizing fasciitis. Streptolysin S (SLS) is the cytolytic factor that creates the zone of beta-hemolysis surrounding GAS colonies grown on blood agar. We recently reported the discovery of a potential genetic determinant involved in SLS production, sagA, encoding a small peptide of 53 amino acids (S. D. Betschel, S. M. Borgia, N. L. Barg, D. E. Low, and J. C. De Azavedo, Infect. Immun. 66:1671–1679, 1998). Using transposon mutagenesis, chromosomal walking steps, and data from the GAS genome sequencing project (www.genome.ou.edu/strep.html ), we have now identified a contiguous nine-gene locus (sagA to sagI) involved in SLS production. The sag locus is conserved among GAS strains regardless of M protein type. Targeted plasmid integrational mutagenesis of each gene in the sag operon resulted in an SLS-negative phenotype. Targeted integrations (i) upstream of the sagA promoter and (ii) downstream of a terminator sequence after sagI did not affect SLS production, establishing the functional boundaries of the operon. A rho-independent terminator sequence between sagA andsagB appears to regulate the amount of sagAtranscript produced versus transcript for the entire operon. Reintroduction of the nine-gene sag locus on a plasmid vector restored SLS activity to the nonhemolytic sagAknockout mutant. Finally, heterologous expression of the intactsag operon conferred the SLS beta-hemolytic phenotype to the nonhemolytic Lactococcus lactis. We conclude that gene products of the GAS sag operon are both necessary and sufficient for SLS production. Sequence homologies of sagoperon gene products suggest that SLS is related to the bacteriocin family of microbial toxins.
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Liu, Jin Shui, Ming Zhang, Jin Liang Zhang, Chun Yan Wang und Peng Hui Zhang. „Tectonic Evolution and Sequence Filling of Paleocene in Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin“. Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2244.
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The Lishui sag located at Southwest of the East China Sea Shelf Basin. It had undergone the four stages of syn-rift processes in Late Cretaceous to Paleocene: initial rift stage, main rift stage, stable rift stage and decline stage. The tectonic evolution has control effect on the development of sequence stratigraphy and the sediments distribution. Three second-order sequences, five third-order sequences and twelve system tracts are distinguished. Different sedimentary facies recognized in the Lishui sag.
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Mglinets, A. V., V. S. Bogdanova und O. E. Kosterin. „Identification of the gene coding for seed cotyledon albumin SCA in the pea (Pisum L.) genome“. Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 26, Nr. 4 (07.07.2022): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-22-43.
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Albumins SCA and SAA are short, highly hydrophilic proteins accumulated in large quantities in the cotyledons and seed axes, respectively, of a dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed. SCA was earlier shown to have two allelic variants differing in mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in acid medium. Using them, the corresponding gene SCA was mapped on Linkage Group V. This protein was used as a useful genetic and phylogeographical marker, which still required electrophoretic analysis of the protein while the DNA sequence of the corresponding SCA gene remained unknown. Based on the length, the positive charge under acidic conditions and the number of lysine residues of SCA and SAA albumins, estimated earlier electrophoretically, the data available in public databases were searched for candidates for the SCA gene among coding sequences residing in the region of the pea genome which, taking into account the synteny of the pea and Medicago truncatula genomes, corresponds to the map position of SCA. Then we sequenced them in a number of pea accessions. Concordance of the earlier electrophoretic data and sequence variation indicated the sequence Psat0s797g0160 of the reference pea genome to be the SCA gene. The sequence Psat0s797g0240 could encode a minor related albumin SA-a2, while a candidate gene for albumin SAA is still missing (as well as electrophoretic variation of both latter albumins). DNA amplification using original primers SCA1_3f and SCA1_3r from genomic DNA and restriction by endonuclease HindII made it possible to distinguish the SCA alleles coding for protein products with different charges without sequencing the gene. Thus, the gene encoding the highly hydrophilic albumin SCA accumulated in pea seeds, the alleles of which are useful for classification of pea wild relatives, has now been identified in the pea genome and a convenient CAPS marker has been developed on its basis.
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Tripathi, Anju, Robert Kern, David B. Conley, Kristin Seiberling, Julie C. Klemens, Kathleen E. Harris, Lydia Suh, Jie Huang und Leslie C. Grammer. „Staphylococcal Exotoxins and Nasal Polyposis: Analysis of Systemic and Local Responses“. American Journal of Rhinology 19, Nr. 4 (Juli 2005): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194589240501900401.
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Background Staphylococcal exotoxins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, and, most recently, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRS/NP). In severe AD, these toxins act both as superantigens (SAg), triggering massive T-cell activation, and as conventional allergens, triggering toxin-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the serum. In CRS/NP, evidence for both processes has been reported but it is unclear whether these processes are linked. The aim of this study was to correlate SAg activity as inferred by staphylococcal-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) V-β expansion in the polyp and blood of CRS/NP patients with staphylococcal-specific anti-IgE antibodies in the serum. Methods IgE antibodies to staphylococcal exotoxin A (SEA), staphylococcal exotoxin B (SEB), and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) 1 were measured in the serum of 12 individuals with CRS/NP before functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the SEA, SEB, and TSST-1–specific TCR V-β domains on the T cells from the polyp and blood of these patients. Results Serum SEA-, SEB-, and TSST-1-specific IgE antibodies were detected in 0/12 (0%), 6/12 (50.0%), and 9/12 (75%) of CRS/NP patients, respectively. Evidence of SAg effect in the polyp lymphocytes (TCR V-β expansion in both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets) was noted in 7/12 (58.3%) patients. Five of 6 CRS/NP patients had overlapping evidence of a systemic IgE response and TCR V-β expansion, suggestive of exposure to the same exotoxin. No patients had evidence a SAg effect in blood lymphocytes. Nine of 12 subjects also had coexistent asthma. Conclusion These results provide evidence for a local SAg effect in 7/12 (58.3%) polyp patients and establish a positive correlation of V-β expansion with the presence of corresponding toxin-specific IgE in the serum.
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Silva, Ana Paula. „A CONSTRUÇÃO DO HERÓI EM DE GESTIS MENDI SAA E EM OS LUSÍADAS“. Revista do Centro de Estudos Portugueses 20, Nr. 26 (30.06.2000): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2359-0076.20.26.163-171.
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<p><em>De Gestis Mendi Saa </em>e <em>Os Lus</em>íadas foram escritos em contextos de grandes conquistas em Portugal, sempre justificadas pela necessidade de propagar a fé católica. Em <em>Os Lusíadas</em>, Vasco da Gama comanda a frota naval na conquista dos mares, mas é o povo português – cuja nação é escolhida por Deus – o verdadeiro herói da epopéia. Em <em>De Gestis Men di Saa</em>, Mendi Saa comanda a luta pela submissão dos índios à fé católica, mas o herói glorificado é Cristo Rei. Pretendemos, neste trabalho, apresentar comparações entre <em>De Gestis Mendi Saa </em>e <em>Os Lusíadas, </em>analisando a condição mítica e humana dos heróis anchietano e camoniano.</p> <p><em>De Gestis Mendi Saa </em>and <em>Os Lusíadas </em>were written in the same context, e.g., Portugal great conquests, always justified by the need of propagating the catholic faith. In <em>Os Lusíadas, </em>Vasco da Gama commands the fleet in the sea conquests, but the portuguese people are the hero. In <em>De Gestis Mendi Saa</em>, Mendi Saa commands the fight for indian’s submission to catholic faith, but the hero is Jesus Christ. This work was conducted out to compare these poems, analysing the two heroes.</p>
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De Klerk, J. H. „Sterrekundewoordeboek“. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 9, Nr. 4 (08.07.1990): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v9i4.472.
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Gereelde lesers van die S.A. Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie sal weet dat daar reeds die afgelope paar jaar gewerk word aan die nuwe sterrekundewoordeboek. In 'n vorige artikel is daar gemeld dat die werk aan die woordeboek hopelik gedurende 1990 afgehandel sal kan word.
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Yang, Yepeng, Zaixing Jiang und Xiaolong Jiang. „The Cretaceous Sedimentary Environments and Tectonic Setting of the Southern East China Sea Shelf Basin“. Energies 16, Nr. 10 (19.05.2023): 4205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16104205.
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Although the amount of oil and gas reserves and the reservoir properties in the East China Sea Shelf Basin (ECSSB) indicate good prospects for oil and gas exploration in the Mesozoic strata, there has not yet been a significant breakthrough in oil and gas production. An important reason is that there are few detailed studies on the sedimentary paleogeography of the ECSSB which make it difficult to predict the distribution of sand bodies. In this paper, well-core observations, thin-section identifications, electron probe microanalysis, trace elements analysis and seismic interpretations were synthetically applied to study the sedimentary environments and the tectonic setting of the Upper Cretaceous in the southern ECSSB. In the Oujiang Sag, red mudstones and pyroclastic rocks were deposited, accompanied by wedged, chaotic pro-grading reflections in the seismic profile, indicating a volcano-alluvial fan sedimentary system. Abundant sedimentary structures including double-mud drapes, asymmetric herringbone cross-beddings and burrows, such as Planolites and Skolithos, were developed in the Minjiang Sag, typically indicating a high-energy tidal environment. The autogenetic glauconites in situ and the fossil Tintinnid also indicate a shallow marine environment. The resulting sedimentary characteristics are in accordance with the littoral facies revealed by the seismic reflections in the Minjiang Sag. Moreover, volcanic conduit facies, effusive facies, and pyroclastic facies were also recognized in the seismic profile in the Minjiang Sag. Therefore, it was presumed that subaqueous volcanic eruptions occurred in the Minjiang Sag. In the Keelung Sag, the littoral facies were dominant. The tectonic setting of the Upper Cretaceous in the southern ECSSB is the transitional arc accompanied by large-scale volcanic activities. In conclusion, the volcano-alluvial fan sedimentary system was developed in the Oujiang Sag and volcano-littoral sedimentary system was developed from the Minjiang Sag to the Keelung Sag. This study is intended to promote the understanding of the sedimentary paleogeography of the Upper Cretaceous in the southern ECSSB and to provide help in oil and gas exploration.
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Fox, Rüdiger. „Sag: Nie!“ Kursbuch 57, Nr. 207 (2021): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0023-5652-2021-207-117.
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Korolevich, V. A. „Saa machine“. Cybernetics 25, Nr. 6 (1990): 808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01069785.
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Feng, Kailong, Weilin Zhu, Xiaowei Fu, Kai Zhong, Shijie Zhao, Weizhen Chen, Zengyuan Zhou und Lichen Hu. „Study of Cretaceous Provenance Tracing and Sedimentary Patterns in the Western Qiantang Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, Nr. 3 (10.03.2024): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030474.
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The Qiantang Sag, as one of the East China Sea Shelf Basin’s sags with thick residual Mesozoic strata, has long lacked comprehensive foundational sedimentary research, significantly impeding the understanding of the region’s resource potential and geological history. This study focuses on the Cretaceous strata of the Qiantang Sag, proposing a multi-phase sedimentary model for the Cretaceous Period. Through detailed analysis of the regional geological structure and sedimentary strata, this study unveils the complex sedimentary processes experienced by the Qiantang Sag during the Cretaceous. Utilizing drilling and core data combined with seismic geological interpretation, this study identifies that the western part of the Qiantang Sag predominantly developed alluvial fan and braided river deposits in an arid to semi-arid environment during the Cretaceous. Detrital zircon U-Pb dating analysis provides key information on the provenance areas and sedimentation ages, indicating that the Zhe-Min Uplift was the primary source region for the Qiantang Sag during the Cretaceous. Integrating vertical sedimentary sequences with provenance analysis, this study proposes sedimentary models and reconstructs the paleo-depositional evolution of the Qiantang Sag across different geological periods. During the Early Cretaceous Yushan Period, the region was influenced by intense volcanic activity, while also developing alluvial fan deposits in an arid environment. The Late Cretaceous Minjiang Period was characterized by semi-arid alluvial fan and braided river deposits. In contrast, the subsequent Shimentan Period saw the development of similar deposits, with the possible addition of seasonal lake deposits.
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Song, Chun Gang, Shu Juan Wang, Wei Jie Zheng und Qiang Cao. „Evaluation of Source Rock in Xihu Sag in the East China Sea“. Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (Dezember 2014): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.279.
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Xihu Sag is the largest petroliferous sag in China offshore area, which is also the main oil and gas exploration battlefield in the East China Sea shelf basin. Source rock is the main material basis for oil and gas generation, its study has important significance on oil and gas exploration in Xihu Sag. By taking source rock of the Eocene Pinghu Formation and Oligocene Huagang Formation of Pingbei area in Xihu Sag as the research object, static characteristics of source rock in Pingbei Area are evaluated and analyzed in the following three aspects: organic matter abundance, types and maturity. The results show that, based on the organic matter abundance, lower member of Pinghu Formation has a high organic matter abundance, mainly gas, while lower member of Huagang Formation is mainly medium-better source rock, with a common hydrocarbon generating potential. Based on the organic matter types, Huagang Formation and Pinghu Formation are mainly type II and type III kerogen, having a certain hydrocarbon generating potential. While, from the point of view of maturity, lower member of Pinghu Formation is under low mature - mature stage, and the lower part of Huagang Formation mainly under mature to high mature stage. Its hydrocarbon generation peak is basically at present.
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Xu, Fa, Peng Hui Zhang, Jin Liang Zhang und Ming Zhang. „Diagenetic Facies in Paleocene Sandstones, Lishui Sag, East China Sea“. Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2170.
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Diagenetic facies are rock bodies that reflect the synthesis of diagenetic characteristics and determine the exploration of favorable reservoirs. A study of the diagnenetic facies of Paleocene sandstones in Lishui Sag (China) was undertaken to unravel the controls on reservoir quality. Samples were studied using petrography, thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, and thus nine types of diagenetic facies were identified. Reservoir quality is mainly controlled by unstable grains dissolution facies and siderite cementation facies.
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Lando, P. A., C. Olsson, T. Kalland, D. Newton, M. Kotb und M. Dohlsten. „Regulation of superantigen-induced T cell activation in the absence and the presence of MHC class II.“ Journal of Immunology 157, Nr. 7 (01.10.1996): 2857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.157.7.2857.
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Abstract To study MHC class II-dependent and -independent SAg2 activation and the relative importance of CD80/CD28 costimulation, staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) was presented to T cells as a fusion protein containing the Fab fragment of an mAb directed against the CA215 glycoprotein. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with HLA-DR4, CA215, and CD80, individually or in combinations, were used as presenting cells. A strong T cell proliferation was obtained when C215Fab-SEA fusion proteins were presented by CHO-DR/CD80 or CHO-CA215/CD80 double transfectants, whereas only low levels of proliferation were seen in the absence of CD80. Large amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF were produced in addition to an increase in IL-2 mRNA as a result of CD80 costimulation. Only approximately 50% of the SEA-reactive T cells responded by expression of IL-2 receptor chains and by blast formation when activated with SEA in the absence of MHC class II. Reverse transcription-PCR-assisted repertoire analysis of SEA-reactive TCR V beta families showed that the CA215-dependent activation involved an expansion of fewer TCR V beta families compared with MHC class II-dependent activation. One-half of the six analyzed TCR V beta families were expanded independently of class II. This indicates that MHC class II has only a partial influence on the TCR V beta repertoire imprinted by SAg. This finding redefines the role of MHC class II in SAg presentation. It is suggested that MHC class II molecules are selected as SAg-binding molecules mainly as a suitable targeting receptor for professional APC expressing costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86.
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Lübbecke, Joke F., Natalie J. Burls, Chris J. C. Reason und Michael J. McPhaden. „Variability in the South Atlantic Anticyclone and the Atlantic Niño Mode*“. Journal of Climate 27, Nr. 21 (24.10.2014): 8135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00202.1.
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Abstract Previous studies have argued that the strength of the South Atlantic subtropical high pressure system, referred to as the South Atlantic anticyclone (SAA), modulates sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. Using ocean and atmosphere reanalysis products, it is shown here that the strength of the SAA from February to May impacts the timing of the cold tongue onset and the intensity of its development in the eastern equatorial Atlantic via anomalous tropical wind power. This modulation in the timing and amplitude of seasonal cold tongue development manifests itself via SST anomalies peaking between June and August. The timing and impact of this connection is not completely symmetric for warm and cold events. For cold events, an anomalously strong SAA in February and March leads to positive wind power anomalies from February to June resulting in an early cold tongue onset and subsequent cold SST anomalies in June and July. For warm events, the anomalously weak SAA persists until May, generating negative wind power anomalies that lead to a late cold tongue onset as well as a suppression of the cold tongue development and associated warm SST anomalies. Mechanisms by which SAA-induced wind power variations south of the equator influence eastern equatorial Atlantic SST are discussed, including ocean adjustment via Rossby and Kelvin wave propagation, meridional advection, and local intraseasonal wind variations.
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Tananska, Valeria T. „Salivary α-Amylase And Chromogranin A In Anxiety-Related Research“. Folia Medica 56, Nr. 4 (01.12.2014): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2015-0001.
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Abstract Salivary α-amylase (sAA) and chromogranin A (sCgA) are at the forefront of current biochemical research on anxiety. Their use is being driven by the sudden surge of interest in “salivaomics,” a new field in medicine studying saliva’s genetic code, proteome and methabolom. Interestingly, it is not the primary functions of the enzyme and the protein, but the ingenious capture of their secondary ones (maintenance of the acid-alkaline balance and bactericidal / antifungal action) that allows for a swift, precise and pain-free measurement under physical and mental duress. Upon stimulation, sAA and sCgA are almost simultaneously released. Studying them allows a closer look at the autonomic nervous system (ANS) as opposed to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), which involves a long cascade of complex, hard to measure and interpret bio-chemical reactions.
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Smyth, Davida S., Patrick J. Hartigan, William J. Meaney, J. Ross Fitzgerald, Claudia F. Deobald, Gregory A. Bohach und Cyril J. Smyth. „Superantigen genes encoded by the egc cluster and SaPIbov are predominant among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows, goats, sheep, rabbits and poultry“. Journal of Medical Microbiology 54, Nr. 4 (01.04.2005): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.45863-0.
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In recent years several new staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) have been described, which currently have largely unknown frequencies of occurrence and roles in human or animal disease. One hundred and ninety-one Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows (99), goats (39), sheep (23), rabbits (15), chickens (15) and a cat (1) were screened for SE genes sea–see, seg–seo and seq and for the tst gene encoding staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 using multiplex PCRs and individual PCRs for the seb and sek genes. One hundred and ten isolates tested positive for at least one of these 16 superantigen (SAg)-encoding genes. There were statistically significant differences in the frequencies of some of these SAg genes between isolates from different animals. No strain possessed either the sea or see gene. The sec gene was present in 51 isolates, the sed gene in eight and the seb gene in one. The seh gene was found in four strains and the sek and seq genes together in one isolate. The most common combinations of genes were the egc cluster, bearing the seg, sei, sem, sen and seo genes, in 47 isolates, the sec, sel and tst gene combination typical of the SaPIbov pathogenicity island in 44 isolates, the egc cluster lacking the seg gene in 11 isolates, the sed and sej genes in nine isolates, and the sec and tst genes without the sel gene in seven isolates. The higher frequencies of the sec and tst genes together and the lower frequencies of the egc gene cluster among the SAg gene-positive sheep or goat isolates compared to bovine isolates were statistically significant. Of 36 bovine isolates that were mitogenic for human T lymphocytes, four were negative for the 16 SAg genes tested for, while a further 14 gave borderline results in the mitogenicity assay, 12 of which were SAg gene-negative. Twenty-nine strains lacking all the SAg genes did not induce T-cell proliferation. This survey indicates that novel SE genes seg, sei, sel, sem, sen and seo along with the sec and tst genes predominate in S. aureus from animal hosts. The mitogenicity assays indicate that further uncharacterized SAgs may be present in bovine isolates.
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Gouk, Shiou-Wah, Sit-Foon Cheng, Augustine Soon-Hock Ong und Cheng-Hock Chuah. „Stearic acids at sn-1, 3 positions of TAG are more efficient at limiting fat deposition than palmitic and oleic acids in C57BL/6 mice“. British Journal of Nutrition 111, Nr. 7 (29.11.2013): 1174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513003668.
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In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-acyl chain SFA, namely palmitic acid (16 : 0) and stearic acid (18 : 0), at sn-1, 3 positions of TAG on obesity. Throughout the 15 weeks of the experimental period, C57BL/6 mice were fed diets fortified with cocoa butter, sal stearin (SAL), palm mid fraction (PMF) and high-oleic sunflower oil (HOS). The sn-1, 3 positions were varied by 16 : 0, 18 : 0 and 18 : 1, whilst the sn-2 position was preserved with 18 : 1. The HOS-enriched diet was found to lead to the highest fat deposition. This was in accordance with our previous postulation. Upon normalisation of total fat deposited with food intake to obtain the fat:feed ratio, interestingly, mice fed the SAL-enriched diet exhibited significantly lower visceral fat/feed and total fat/feed compared with those fed the PMF-enriched diet, despite their similarity in SFA–unsaturated fatty acid–SFA profile. That long-chain SFA at sn-1, 3 positions concomitantly with an unsaturated FA at the sn-2 position exert an obesity-reducing effect was further validated. The present study is the first of its kind to demonstrate that SFA of different chain lengths at sn-1, 3 positions exert profound effects on fat accretion.
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Wu, Wei, Chao Ren, Anchao Yin und Xudong Zhang. „MixerNet-SAGA A Novel Deep Learning Architecture for Superior Road Extraction in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 18 (06.09.2023): 10067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810067.
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In this study, we address the limitations of current deep learning models in road extraction tasks from remote sensing imagery. We introduce MixerNet-SAGA, a novel deep learning model that incorporates the strengths of U-Net, integrates a ConvMixer block for enhanced feature extraction, and includes a Scaled Attention Gate (SAG) for augmented spatial attention. Experimental validation on the Massachusetts road dataset and the DeepGlobe road dataset demonstrates that MixerNet-SAGA achieves a 10% improvement in precision, 8% in recall, and 12% in IoU compared to leading models such as U-Net, ResNet, and SDUNet. Furthermore, our model excels in computational efficiency, being 20% faster, and has a smaller model size. Notably, MixerNet-SAGA shows exceptional robustness against challenges such as same-spectrum–different-object and different-spectrum–same-object phenomena. Ablation studies further reveal the critical roles of the ConvMixer block and SAG. Despite its strengths, the model’s scalability to extremely large datasets remains an area for future investigation. Collectively, MixerNet-SAGA offers an efficient and accurate solution for road extraction in remote sensing imagery and presents significant potential for broader applications.