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1
Cahill, Griffin. „Nation-building and state support for creole languages“. Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York 2 (01.11.2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2564-2855.16.
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Only two French-lexified creole languages possess de jure official status: Haitian (kreyòl aysisyen) in Haiti, and Seychellois (kreol Seselwa) in the Seychelles. This paper situates the past and contemporary sociolinguistics of Haitian and Seychellois in their respective homelands. The histories and politics of the two states are examined from their times as European colonies to their present-day as independent states. This will be followed by comparing the current state of the languages through three lenses: education, government, and popular discourse. The status of the creoles in each of those roles is discussed in relation to the other official languages of the states (French in both, along with English in the Seychelles.) The relationship between the creole languages and French is highlighted. I conclude with a discussion on the power of governmental support for creole languages generally, and potential lessons to be learned from the Haitian and Seychellois cases.
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Kriegel, Sibylle, und Ralph Ludwig. „Le français en espace créolophone – Guadeloupe et Seychelles“. Romanistisches Jahrbuch 69, Nr. 1 (01.11.2018): 56–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/roja-2018-0003.
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Abstract Both in Guadeloupe and in the Seychelles a French-based Creole coexists with French. In addition to this shared main ecological parameter, the two areas diverge in several other points of their contact ecology: First, due to the different timing of French colonization, the French variety exported to Guadeloupe in the 17th century differed from the variety exported to the Seychelles a century later. Second, while the Seychelles were a British colony from 1814 to independence in 1976, Guadeloupe always remained French and is still a French overseas department. Therefore, the contact ecology in Guadeloupe may be characterized as a reciprocally dominant monocontact situation (see Gadet/Ludwig/ Pfänder 2009), while the situation in the Seychelles is one of polycontact (Seychelles’ Creole-English-French), with Seychelles’ Creole and English being dominant in their influence on French (while the reverse is not the case). Using data from several corpora of spoken and written French in the Seychelles and Guadeloupe, this paper shows instances of code copying (e.g. Johanson 2002, Kriegel/Ludwig/Henri 2009) from the two Creole languages (and English) on the morphosyntactical level.
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Carden, Guy, und William A. Stewart. „Mauritian Creole Reflexives“. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 4, Nr. 1 (01.01.1989): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.4.1.05car.
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Present-day Mauritian Creole has a complex reflexive system with the typologically interesting property that plain pronouns are unmarked for reflexivity [uR]. Corne (1988) describes this system, and argues that the [uR] pronouns developed late, as a result of French influence after the creole had jelled. We propose instead that the [uR] use of the pronouns developed during pidginization to fill a functional gap when the French clitics were lost. Early attestations of [uR] pronouns in Mauritian and comparative evidence from Seychelles Creole converge to support an early development of [uR] pronouns. Our proposal that the early development took place during pidginization is indirectly supported by cross-linguistic evidence: [uR] pronouns appear to be common in pidgins and Creoles, but rare elsewhere, suggesting that [uR] pronouns are one characteristic result of the pidginization process.
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Syea, Anand. „Adult input and children's acquisition of Creole syntax“. English Today 30, Nr. 2 (08.05.2014): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078414000017.
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This book examines the acquisition of syntax in Seselwa and Morisyen children. Seselwa and Morisyen are historically related creoles spoken in the Seychelles and Mauritius, respectively. Working within Chomsky's (1981) framework, Adone focuses on the acquisition of (non-)reflexive pronouns, double object constructions (DOCs), passive and serial verb constructions (SVCs).
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Vel, Aneesa, und Reuban Lespoir. „Levolisyon lortograf Kreol Seselwa“. Rechèch Etid Kreyòl 1, Nr. 1 (28.10.2022): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.57222/qmck6434.
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Seychelles creole, a language that was officialized in 1978, is one of the first creole languages to receive the status of language and to become a written language. This fully fledged language with its orthography, grammar, lexicon has gone through some changes since the first written document was published in this language. Since then, much has been done to standardize, modernize and keep track of what is going with and within this language. Furthermore, this French-based creole with a heavy influence of English has evolved as both a spoken and a written language. This evolution is more obvious in writing when it comes to adapting to the orthography and existing phonetic system of the language with the different phenomena brought about by language contact. In this article we take a look at what has been happening with the language across the century since the first written text in creole and also to shed some light on the problems related to the current and standard orthography. Key words: phonemic orthography, Seychellois Creole, linguistic evolution, written language, anglicism.
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Kriegel, Kriegel. „Grammaticalization in Seychelles Creole: the coding of reciprocity by kanmarad“. Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 7 (09.09.2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.149.
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Seychelles Creole (SC) is one of the few creoles with a grammaticalized reciprocity marker. The grammaticalized use of kanmarad (< Fr. camarade ‘comrade, companion’) is mentioned in the grammars of SC (Bollée 1977; Corne 1977; Choppy 2009) but its evolution and distribution in modern SC have never been analyzed. This contribution first presents present-day data from spoken and written corpora of SC and compares them to data published in the Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures, APiCS (Michaelis & al. 2013). Appealing to several grammaticalization mechanisms discussed in the literature, it then traces back the grammaticalization process of kanmarad, a process that is not very advanced in the closely related Mauritian Creole (MC). In accordance with Michaelis & Haspelmath (2020), the evolution of kanmarad in SC can be considered to be an instance of accelerated functionalization which the authors consider to be typical of creole languages. Ultimately, the study’s findings are discussed in light of two complementary hypotheses that try to explain the acceleration of functionalization: the Extra-Transparency Hypothesis (Haspelmath & Michaelis 2017) and the Distinction during Codification Hypothesis which I suggest for SC. Both are considered to be possible factors favoring an ordinary language-internal grammaticalization process.
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Haring, Lee. „Techniques of Creolization“. Journal of American Folklore 116, Nr. 459 (01.01.2003): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4137940.
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Abstract Language- and genre-mixing, framing, quotation, and other narrative techniques are practiced both by storytellers in creole societies of Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles, and the Comoros and by their collectors, who elaborate and simulate oral texts. Creole folklore, built on creole linguistics, offers a model where-with to understand the cultural convergences of the postmodern world.
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Syea, Anand. „Serial Verb Constructions in Indian Ocean French Creoles (IOCs)“. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 28, Nr. 1 (18.02.2013): 13–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.28.1.02sye.
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This paper revisits the debate between Bickerton on the one hand and Seuren, Corne, Coleman and Curnow on the other on the question of whether serial verb constructions exist in the French creoles of the Indian Ocean (namely Seychelles Creole and Mauritian Creole). It examines data particularly from Mauritian Creole (which was rather marginally represented in that discussion) and argues in agreement with Bickerton (1989, 1996) that serial verbs do indeed exist in this creole just as they do in Seychelles Creole. However, it also argues that their presence in these languages must be attributed not to an innate linguistic mechanism (as claimed in Bickerton 1989, 1996) nor to a substrate source (contra Corne et al. 1996, Corne 1999) but to an independent internal development in which consecutive imperatives were reanalyzed as serial verb constructions. It is assumed that, given the socio-historical nature of creole contact situations, consecutive imperatives would have been a prominent part of early input as interchanges between those who spoke French and those who did not would have mostly been in the form of directives (commands, instructions, etc.) which are more often than not expressed through the imperative . However, it is recognized that this development could have benefited from substrate (particularly Malagasy) influence but it remains in the main the result of an internal diachronic process. The proposal outlined has interesting implications for the role of input and the role that adults may have played in the development of creole languages in general and serial verb constructions in particular. Some aspects of creole languages, it is suggested, can be adequately accounted for without having to implicate either an innate linguistic mechanism or wholesale transfer from substrate sources.
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Parent, Marie-Christine. „“MUSIC OF THE SLAVES” IN THE INDIAN OCEAN CREOLE ISLANDS: A PERSPECTIVE FROM THE SEYCHELLES“. African Music: Journal of the International Library of African Music 11, Nr. 2 (01.12.2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/amj.v11i2.2311.
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This article examines the development and expression of the moutya from Seychelles, in relation to the sega from Mauritius and the maloya from Reunion. These musical styles and their associated practices are recognised as evidence of an African heritage in the archipelagos. To better understand their connections and singularities, I utilise a diachronic and synchronic approach, at local and regional levels. The purpose is to demonstrate the mobility of musicians and the permeability of musical practices in these islands over time, using history and narratives from the colonial period (from the end of the seventeenth century) to the present, and fieldwork observations. This approach shows how music and dance elements from Africa are creolised on the islands and how they are further adapted as islanders travel around these islands. In the process one musical practice becomes many, although they fall into a matrix of styles sharing similar features. The article approaches the emergence and the transformation of (what would become) moutya in the Seychelles by first describing the emergence of musical creativity in the Mascarenes and Seychelles. This is followed by a discussion of the transition from a marginal and resistance form of music to new musical categories. Finally, the article describes circulations and musical exchanges between the islands, opening the door to a better understanding of Creole culture and music in the south-western Indian Ocean islands.
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Cyrille, Dominique O. „The Politics of Quadrille Performance in Nineteenth-Century Martinique“. Dance Research Journal 38, Nr. 1-2 (2006): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767700007324.
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Much has been said of the tradition of quadrille dancing that exists in the Caribbean. This dance and music repertory was first introduced there in the late eighteenth century by European colonists who wanted to recreate some of the aristocratic lifestyle they would have enjoyed in their country of origin. But soon after its introduction, people of African descent whom the Europeans had forcibly introduced in the Caribbean appropriated the dance and transformed it to fit the new environment.In his overview of Caribbean music, Kenneth Bilby noted that the most ubiquitous music traditions of the Caribbean seem to be the ones that grew out of the European social dances and music genres of an earlier era (1985, 195). Establishing a parallel with the Creole music of the Seychelles, which bears strong resemblance to Caribbean forms, John Szwed and Morton Marks (1988) suggested that the French contredanse and quadrille were instrumental to the emergence of the Creole repertories, primarily because, just like many of the Caribbean islands, the Seychelles were French colonies in the eighteenth century.
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Bueger, Christian, und Anders Wivel. „How do small island states maximize influence? Creole diplomacy and the smart state foreign policy of the Seychelles“. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region 14, Nr. 2 (04.05.2018): 170–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2018.1471122.
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Fleischmann Schwarz, Christina Tamaa, und I. M. Nick. „“Mon respe tou lezot lalang!”: a case study of native teacher attitudes towards Creole-mediated multilingual education in Seychelles“. Current Issues in Language Planning 19, Nr. 2 (18.07.2017): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2017.1353340.
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Mujuzi, Jamil Ddamulira. „The Human Rights Jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of Seychelles“. Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 56, Nr. 2 (2023): 396–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-2023-2-396.
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The jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of the Seychelles, the Court, is provided for under different provisions of the Constitution. Article 46 deals with the circumstances in which a person may approach the Court to enforce human rights. It also deals with the powers of the Court in this context. In this article, I illustrate how the Court, when enforcing or applying Article 46, has dealt with the following issues: locus standi to petition the Court; circumstances in which the Court's jurisdiction is excluded or limited; powers of the Court in protecting human rights, circumstances in which other courts may refer matters to the Constitutional Court and procedural access to the Court and the burden to prove human rights violations. It is observed that for a person to have locus standi under Article 46(1), there has to be a real likelihood that his/her right will be violated. A remote possibility of a violation does not trigger Article 46(1). It is observed further that the right under Article 46(1) is not absolute; although the word ‘may’ is used under Article 46(3), the Court is obliged to decline being seized with a matter in case the applicant has obtained redress from another court; since the constitution is silent on the burden of proof in cases where a private individual is alleged to have violated a human right, the burden should be on the applicant to prove such a violation; and that the Rules of the Court which require that an action alleging a violation of human rights has to be filed within three months of the violation may have to be amended to create exceptions for continuing violations of human rights and for the violation of non-derogable rights.
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Montero-Muñoz, Iris, Geoffrey A. Levin, Concepción Vaquero Lorenzo, Laura González und José M. Cardiel. „Novelties in the genus Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae): two new species from northern Madagascar“. Plant Ecology and Evolution 156, Nr. 3 (11.10.2023): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.108024.
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Background and aims – Taxonomic knowledge of Acalypha in the Western Indian Ocean Region (WIOR; including Madagascar, Comoros, Mascarenes, Seychelles, and the Scattered Islands) has increased greatly in the last few years. This paper is the latest in a series of publications that have contributed to create a robust taxonomic framework for Acalypha in this region. Material and methods – The descriptions and illustrations of the new species are based on herbarium specimens and on some field images. Descriptions were made following standard procedures. Maps was prepared using QGIS software and preliminary conservation assessments was made following IUCN guidelines and criteria. Key results – Two species of Acalypha from northern Madagascar are described as new to science: Acalypha bardotiana sp. nov., found on the Montagne des Français (Diana region), and Acalypha inaequibracteata sp. nov., found in the Binara forest (Sava region). Line drawings, field images, distribution maps, and a discussion of their morphological and phylogenetic affinities, as well as the preliminary conservation assessments are provided.
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Winful, Ernest C., K. Opoku-Asante, Mathew O. Mensah und Josiah N. A. Quaye. „Financial Inclusion and Economic Development in Africa“. European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, Nr. 2 (23.03.2022): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.2.1325.
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Post-2015 Development Agenda put financial inclusion as a key objective for United Nations member countries. This objective seeks to improve people's livelihoods, reduce poverty, and advance economic development in member countries. It is asserted that there is a significant relationship between financial inclusion and economic development, which Post-2015 Development Agenda seek to achieve. To corroborate a panel data were collected from 2000 to 2017 for 41 countries in Africa. Using a GMM estimation technic, the article corroborates the reviewed literature, which asserts appositive relation. Of the three attributes (financial access, financial stability, and financial efficiency) of financial inclusion considered in this article, financial access turned out to be significant in explaining economic development in Africa. Even though Africa is far behind the rest of the continent in financial inclusiveness, some countries like South Africa and Seychelles have financially inclusive societies in terms of financial access. If Africa can build a financially inclusive society, the continent would block financial linkages in commercial banks' ability to create money for economic development. Policies that seek to maintain the soundness and stability of banks and other deposit-taking financial institutions are hitting the nail on the head.
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Kousi, Timokleia, Daniela Vivacqua, Jyoti Dalal, Ananthu James, Daniel Cardoso Portela Câmara, Sara Botero Mesa, Cleophas Chimbetete et al. „COVID-19 pandemic in Africa’s island nations during the first 9 months: a descriptive study of variation in patterns of infection, severe disease, and response measures“. BMJ Global Health 7, Nr. 3 (März 2022): e006821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006821.
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The geographic and economic characteristics unique to island nations create a different set of conditions for, and responses to, the spread of a pandemic compared with those of mainland countries. Here, we aimed to describe the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the potential conditions and responses affecting variation in the burden of infections and severe disease burden, across the six island nations of the WHO’s Africa region: Cabo Verde, Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, São Tomé e Príncipe and Seychelles. We analysed the publicly available COVID-19 data on confirmed cases and deaths from the beginning of the pandemic through 29 November 2020. To understand variation in the course of the pandemic in these nations, we explored differences in their economic statuses, healthcare expenditures and facilities, age and sex distributions, leading health risk factors, densities of the overall and urban populations and the main industries in these countries. We also reviewed the non-pharmaceutical response measures implemented nationally. We found that the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reduced by strict early limitations on movement and biased towards nations where detection capacity was higher, while the burden of severe COVID-19 was skewed towards countries that invested less in healthcare and those that had older populations and greater prevalence of key underlying health risk factors. These findings highlight the need for Africa’s island nations to invest more in healthcare and in local testing capacity to reduce the need for reliance on border closures that have dire consequences for their economies.
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Nemakonde, Livhuwani David, und Dewald Van Niekerk. „A normative model for integrating organisations for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation within SADC member states“. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 26, Nr. 3 (05.06.2017): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-03-2017-0066.
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Purpose Research has demonstrated that governance of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) have evolved largely in isolation from each other – through different conceptual and institutional frameworks, response strategies and plans, at both international, national and subnational levels. As a result, the management of disaster risk through DRR and CCA is highly fragmented. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the set of actors and their location in government that create and shape governance in DRR and CCA integration within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) member states. Design/methodology/approach The study draws upon a range of data collection techniques including a comprehensive literature review relating to DRR and CCA in general and in the SADC member states, face-to-face interviews and an online survey. A mixed method research design was applied to the study with a total of 35 respondents from Botswana, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe participating in the face-to-face interviews and an online survey. Findings The analysis shows that DRR and CCA are carried out by different departments, agencies and/or ministries in all but three SADC member states, namely, Mozambique, Mauritius and the Seychelles. Participants were able to highlight the different ways in which integration should unfold. In light of this, the paper proposes a normative model to integrate government organisations for DRR and CCA within SADC member states. Originality/value The implementation of the model has the potential to accelerate the integration of organisations for DRR and CCA, with the resultant improvement in the implementation of risk reduction strategies and efficient use of resources.
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Khalavka, Ostap. „APPLICATION OF GLOBAL MODELS OF ECO-DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE“. Green, Blue and Digital Economy Journal 1, Nr. 2 (03.12.2020): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2020-2-13.
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The purpose of the paper is to analyze the successful experience of both developing and developed countries related to the resolution of environmental issues and implementation of the models of eco-development and provide recommendation for Ukraine regarding the ways to apply this experience in the country’s economy effectively. Methodology. The paper is based on the combination of qualitative and quantitative research and applies the dialectic perception method to analyze economic events and processes at the time of their development, interconnection, and interdependence. Results of the research demonstrate that successful sustainable transformation of the economy may take place not only in highly developed countries but also in the developing ones. Ukraine may consider the successful experience of the implementation of sustainable initiatives of such countries as Luxembourg, Denmark, Switzerland, Seychelles, and Morocco. The success of these countries is addressing environmental issues is related to their focus on establishing cooperation between the public and private sectors while promoting sustainable behavior among citizens. The government of Ukraine needs to prioritize sustainable transformation of the economy by improving the country’s business climate for innovative sustainable startups and by promoting the development and application by businesses of energy-efficient technologies. The main potential challenges that may be faced by Ukraine in its way towards sustainable development are corruption and ineffective use of financial resources, however, these issues may be addressed via the cooperation with international organizations. Sustainable transformation of the Ukrainian economy will not only improve the environmental situation in the country but will also create visible benefits for economic players and people. Practical implications. The environmental situation in Ukraine has been deteriorating for decades and the previously applied as well as existing measures implemented to address environmental issues in Ukraine do not provide desired outcomes. The country needs to apply new innovative instruments and measures to make it economy sustainable and, to this end, Ukraine should create the economic conditions in which sustainable development would be beneficial for all engaged parties. The practical experience of both developed and developing countries has the potential to be implemented in Ukraine in coming years in case the country’s authorities take appropriate and timely measures. Value/originality. The provided recommendations for Ukraine consider the modern trends and conditions existing in the global economy, have regard to the successful experience of sustainable transformation of the economy, in particular, of developed and developing countries, and may be used by the country’s government to develop effective sustainable development policy in the future.
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Iyaloo, Diana P., Sarah Zohdy, Ryan M. Carney, Varina Ramdonee Mosawa, Khouaildi B. Elahee, Nabiihah Munglee, Nilesh Latchooman et al. „A regional One Health approach to the risk of invasion by Anopheles stephensi in Mauritius“. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18, Nr. 9 (11.09.2024): e0011827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011827.
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Background Anopheles stephensi is an invasive malaria vector in Africa that threatens to put an additional 126 million people at risk of malaria if it continues to spread. The island nation of Mauritius is highly connected to Asia and Africa and is at risk of introduction due to this connectivity. For early detection of An. stephensi, the Vector Biology and Control Division under the Ministry of Health in Mauritius, leveraged a well-established Aedes program, as An. stephensi is known to share Aedes habitats. These efforts triggered multisectoral coordination and cascading benefits of integrated vector and One Health approaches. Methods Beginning June 2021, entomological surveys were conducted at points of entry (seaport, airport) and on ships transporting livestock in collaboration with the Civil Aviation Department, the Mauritian Port Authority and National Veterinary Services. A total of 18, 39, 723 mosquito larval surveys were respectively conducted in the airport, seaport, and other localities in Mauritius while two, 20, and 26 adult mosquito surveys were respectively conducted in the airport, seaport, and twenty-six animal assembly points. Alongside adult mosquito surveys, surveillance of vectors of veterinary importance (e.g.- Culicoides spp.) was also carried out in collaboration with National Parks and Conservation Service and land owners. Results A total of 8,428 adult mosquitoes were collected and 1,844 larval habitats were positive for mosquitoes. All collected mosquitoes were morphologically identified and 151 Anopheles and 339 Aedes mosquitoes were also molecularly characterized. Mosquito species detected were Aedes albopictus, Anopheles arabiensis, An. coustani, An. merus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. thalassius and Lutzia tigripes. Anopheles stephensi was not detected. The One Health approach was shared with the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), strengthening collaboration between Mauritius and Réunion Island on vector surveillance at entry points and insecticide resistance monitoring. The Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) was also alerted to the risk of An. stephensi, leading to regional efforts supporting trainings and development of a response strategy to An. stephensi bringing together stakeholders from Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion Island and Seychelles. Conclusions Mauritius is a model system showing how existing public health entomology capabilities can be used to enhance vector surveillance and control and create multisectoral networks to respond to any emerging public and veterinary health vector-borne disease threat.
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Nzimande, Ntokozo Patrick. „Income Convergence in Southern Africa: A Nonlinear Time-Varying Framework“. Journal of Developing Areas 57, Nr. 3 (Juni 2023): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jda.2023.a907740.
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ABSTRACT: Convergence is considered a fundamental economic mechanism and a necessary condition for achieving industrial development and market integration as well as socio-economic cohesion in the Southern African Development (SADC) region. The former is the explicit objective of the SADC, as formulated in its Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP). "[A] key priority under this pillar will be ensuring macroeconomic convergence, increased cooperation, and investment". Despite convergence being a crucial ingredient for the proposed integration in the region, there has been limited research on the subject in Africa, particularly, SADC. To bridge this gap, this study sought to investigate per capita income convergence or lack thereof, in the SADC region over the period 1980 to 2017. To this end, we employed the approach proposed by Phillips and Sul (2008), which not only tests for overall convergence but for the possibility of multiple equilibria as well. Relative to the conventional approaches, this approach is superior in many respects. For instance, this technique requires no prior knowledge about possible convergence clusters, that is, the clusters are endogenously determined. Moreover, it imposes no restraints regarding trend stationarity or stochastic non-stationarity. Consequently, our findings are immune from the inefficiencies linked to unit roots or cointegration tests. The findings of the study suggested no overall convergence in the SADC region, but evidence supporting the existence of five convergence clubs, with each cluster converging to its steady-state equilibrium, and one divergent country, Angola. The first club consisted of only the high-income countries in the region, Seychelles, and Mauritius. The second convergence club had two members as well, South Africa and Botswana, whereas the third club consisted of the Kingdom of Eswatini and Namibia. In the fourth club, the identified members are Comoros, which is not included in the previous study because it was recently admitted into the bloc, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, while in the fifth club, the members are the Democratic Republic of Congo and Madagascar. The findings of this study have in-depth implications for the development policies in the SADC region. These findings suggest that the region should consider adopting and implementing policies that would explicitly target low-income countries to promote convergence, and thus, create a conducive environment for the proposed monetary union in the SADC bloc.
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Avram, Andrei. „Attributive possession in 19th century Mauritian Creole“. Linguistik Online 75, Nr. 1 (09.04.2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.75.2514.
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The paper examines the attributive possessive structures attested in 19th century Mauritian Creole. It is first shown that these include a construction with the preposition pou ‘for’, which has not been mentioned in the literature. The situation in Mauritian Creole is then compared to that in Seychelles Creole, a closely related variety. Also discussed are some of the more general implications of the findings.
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Blythe, Jessica L., Derek Armitage, Nathan J. Bennett, Jennifer J. Silver und Andrew M. Song. „The Politics of Ocean Governance Transformations“. Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (02.07.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.634718.
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Recently, oceans have become the focus of substantial global attention and diverse appeals for “transformation.” Calls to transform ocean governance are motivated by various objectives, including the need to secure the rights of marginalized coastal communities, to boost ocean-based economic development, and to reverse global biodiversity loss. This paper examines the politics of ocean governance transformations through an analysis of three ongoing cases: the FAO’s voluntary guidelines for small-scale fisheries; debt-for-“blue”-nature swaps in the Seychelles; and the United Nations’ negotiations for a high seas’ treaty. We find that transformations are not inevitable or apolitical. Rather, changes are driven by an array of actors with different objectives and varying degrees of power. Objectives are articulated and negotiated through interactions that may reassemble rights, access, and control; however, there is also the potential that existing conditions become further entrenched rather than transformed at all. In particular, our analysis suggests that: (1) efforts to transform are situated in contested, historical landscapes that bias the trajectory of transformation, (2) power dynamics shape whose agendas and narratives drive transformational change, and (3) transformations create uneven distributions of costs and benefits that can facilitate or stall progress toward intended goals. As competing interests over ocean spaces continue to grow in the coming decades, understanding the processes through which ocean governance transformations can occur—and making the politics of transformative change more explicit—will be critical for realizing equitable ocean governance.
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Lutaaya, Pius, Ocung Guido, Hasifah Nakato Ssentamu, George William Kasule, Mary Akumu, Jupiter Marina Kabahita, Bernard Bagaya et al. „The development and implementation of a proficiency testing program for SARS-CoV-2 using dried tube specimens in resource-limited countries“. BMC Infectious Diseases 24, Nr. 1 (27.06.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09555-y.
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Abstract Introduction When COVID-19 hit the world in 2019, an enhanced focus on diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 was essential for a successful pandemic response. Testing laboratories stretched their capabilities for the new coronavirus by adopting different test methods. The necessity of having external quality assurance (EQA) mechanisms was even more critical due to this rapid expansion. However, there was a lack of experience in providing the necessary SARS-CoV-2 EQA materials, especially in locations with constrained resources. Objective We aimed to create a PT (Proficiency testing) programme based on the Dried Tube Specimens (DTS) method that would be a practical option for molecular based SARS-CoV-2 EQA in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Methods Based on previous ISO/IEC 17043:2010 accreditation experiences and with assistance from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The Supranational Reference Laboratory of Uganda (adapted the DTS sample preparation method and completed a pilot EQA program between 2020 and 2021. Stability and panel validation testing was conducted on the designed materials before shipping to pilot participants in six African countries. Participants received a panel containing five SARS-CoV-2 DTS samples, transported at ambient conditions. Results submitted by participants were compared to validation results. Participants were graded as satisfactory (≥ 80%) or unsatisfactory (< 80%) and performance reports disseminated. Results Our SARS-CoV-2 stability experiments showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was stable (-15 to -25 °C, 4 to 8 °C, (18 to 28 °C) room temperature and 35 to 38 °C) as well as DTS panels (4 to 8 °C, 18 to 28 °C, 35 to 38 °C and 45 °C) for a period of 4 weeks. The SARS-CoV-2 DTS panels were successfully piloted in 35 test sites from Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Seychelles. The pilot results of the participants showed good accuracy, with an average of 86% (30/35) concordance with the original SARS CoV-2 expectations. Conclusion The SARS-CoV-2 DTS PT panel is reliable, stable at ambient temperature, simple to prepare and requires minimal resources.