Dissertationen zum Thema „Services de mobilité partagée“
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Berrada, Jaâfar. „Analyse et optimisation technico-économiques des nouveaux services de mobilité basés sur l'usage des véhicules autonomes“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutonomous Vehicles (AV) are becoming more of a reality, promising beneficial yet potentially disrupting changes to our urban transportation systems. This technology presents the potential to reduce energy consumption and crash occurrences, cut travel costs and minimize urban space occupancy for parking purposes. Yet barriers to implementation and mass-market penetration remain. Economically, the upfront costs in the initial stage will likely lack affordability. Socially, users could be reluctant to change their daily travel routines. Technically, the interactions with the other components of the transportation system remain uncertain. There are other challenges regarding liability, security, ethics and data privacy, too.This thesis contributes to the ex-ante study of AV-based mobility systems through the identification, design and assessment of upcoming Business Models (BM) articulated around AVs. In particular, it brings about a systemic analysis of “new” mobility services (especially car-sharing, carpooling and ride-sourcing services) in order to identify autonomous taxis (aTaxis) and autonomous shuttles (aTransit) as two of the most relevant forms of services that may enjoy wide spreading. Then, we focus on a service of aTaxis and we put forward a microeconomic model framework to evaluate strategic setups of aTaxis provider. The model framework comprises three levels (operational, tactical and strategic), and integrates three pressure forces (regulation, unit costs and demand preferences). An application is then conducted on a stylized area (Orbicity) and a real urban case (Palaiseau, a city in Paris area).Simulation results show that automation has the potential to improve both the mobility performances and the economic efficiency of the urban transportation system. Additionally, the density economies of supply and demand are evaluated by controlling both the fleet size and the number of users for a fixed study area. In particular, the framework application on Palaiseau proved that increasing by ten the fleet size of aTaxis involves 1% more users (+15 passengers) yet 50% less of profit. A stated-preference survey supports the model framework and suggests that aTaxis will likely be used for short-distance (2 to 5 km) commuting trips by two user profiles: (1) non-motorized young users (less than 30 years old) and (2) motorized active population between 30 and 50 years old.The thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach combining (1) a qualitative analysis that starts from a review of existing works and adds first a marketing analysis of Business Models based on AVs and second a systemic analysis of an aTaxis service, and (2) a quantitative analysis, situated midway between microeconomics and spatial simulation
Tu, Meiting. „Optimisation des services de "ridesourcing" pour le déploiement futur des véhicules autonomes et connectés en milieu urbain“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOn-demand ridesourcing services have become increasingly popular due to their convenience. There are some debates claiming that ridesourcing services could increase congestion and pollution. Ridesplitting, a new shared mobility service, is a more sustainable travel mode for improving traffic efficiency and reducing air pollution. Therefore, the motivation of this study is to propose an optimization framework for the shared mobility system (SMS). The originality and innovative aspects of this dissertation could be summarized according to 2 perspectives. For the value of theory and methodology, the proposed framework for the SMS could provide a systematic methodology for the modelling and simulation. The proposed artificial intelligent algorithms could provide a better understanding for the researches of travel behaviors analysis and spatiotemporal modelling. For the value of practical application, the proposed shared mobility system could help improve ridesplitting service to build a low carbon transport, which could incorporate CAVs for the future mobility
Vosooghi, Reza. „Shared autonomous vehicle service design, modeling, and simulation“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleShared autonomous vehicles, synthetic population, multi-agent simulation, service designAbstract: Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) are the next major evolution in urban mobility. This technology has attracted much interest of car manufacturers aiming at playing a role as transportation network companies (TNCs) and carsharing agencies in order to gain benefits per kilometer and per ride. An SAV service can merge cabs, carsharing, and ridesharing systems into a single transportation mode, and allow a more accessible, dynamic, and intelligent form of shared mobility. However, the success and competitiveness of future SAV services depend on their operational models, which are linked intrinsically to the service configuration and fleet specification. On the other hand, any changes in operational models of SAVs result in different demands for such a service in a real-world transportation network. Hence, considering the dynamic interaction of service and demand represents a key-factor for successfully designing SAVs in a real-life context. Using a comprehensive framework of SAV simulation in a multimodal dynamic-demandsystem with integrated SAV user taste variation, this thesis evaluates the performance of various non-electric and electric SAV fleets and their operational configuration, and to design the service. In this context, first, different approaches to SAV travel demand modeling and simulation techniques are reviewed and analyzed. Next, the required data and process, particularly synthetic population generation and activity chain allocation, are investigated. In line with the purpose of this thesis, an overall framework of comprehensive SAV modeling and simulation is then proposed. Later, the impact of user taste variation on SAV service design and particularly fleet size is explored. Insights gained through a comprehensive investigation of SAV service performance considering fleet size, vehicle capacity, ridesharing and rebalancing, and service cost along with proposed key performance indicators are then provided. Finally, assuming a fleet of electric SAVs, the impacts of charging infrastructure on service efficiency are explored
Aissat, Kamel. „Optimisation et intégration de la mobilité partagée dans les systèmes de transport multimodaux“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe travelling is a fundamental part of everyday life. The continuous expansion of urban areas combined with the population increasing and the improvement of life standards increases the need of mobility and the use of private cars. Furthermore, the majority of public transportations are subject to rules lacking of flexibility and rarely taking into account the dynamic context. The attractiveness of public transportation is therefore reduced and, as a consequence, its financial support, resulting in a further deterioration of the public services quality and flexibility. Therefore, the majority of users still use their own vehicles. The number of vehicles is continuously increasing on road networks causing important phenomena of congestion, high fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases, time loss. This unpleasant situation forces communities to consider alternative solutions for the mobility such as ride-sharing, an interesting alternative to solo car use. The overall objective of this thesis is to propose new travel systems for users through the introduction of optimization models for shared mobility (ride-sharing and taxi-sharing) and the combination of shared mobility and public transportation. The computational experiments are carried out on real road networks and real data. Our numerical results show the effectiveness of our approach, which improves the quality of service compared to the traditional systems in terms of cost and flexibility. The running time remains reasonable to allow using our framework in real-time transportation applications
Ba, Mamadou Fadiala. „Quartiers spontanés et gestion partagée des services urbains à Bamako (Mali)“. Bordeaux 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR30038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe population explosion of the malian capital city which began in 1968 with the coming of the military regime has not been accompinied with a daring housing program. The state production of lands to be built, already on the fringe, were excluding small budgets. The latter had, as least resort, nothing but plots given by suburban village chiefs. Thus, around the city, were created chains of spontaneous quarters beyond the public power's control. The study tries, on the basis of investigations carried out in three spontaneous areas, to compare this parallel urbanization with the rest of the so called "official or legal" city. Thus, are evoked : the environmental living conditions, the economic conditions as well as the demographic structures. The failures of the public power at the level of land management as well as that of the supply of urban services led the world bank to create the urban gestion for many actors like : independent agencies (agetipe, aci), city municipalities and associations (ngo, cie. . . ). If this management does not solve the multiple problems of malian capital, it is obvious that compared to the previous situation it is a progress. But the beginnings of the formula affected by multiple lockings, clash of interests and alliance games aiming at the city's financial manna control urge on wondering about its future
Jouffe, Yves. „Précaires mais mobiles : tactiques de mobilité des travailleurs précaires flexibles et nouveaux services de mobilité“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167732.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle30 entretiens avec de tels précaires flexibles révèlent que leurs degrés de précarité et de flexibilité discriminent leurs solutions de déplacement, leurs tactiques de programmation de la mobilité, et leurs stratégies d'accessibilité. Quatre tactiques idéal-typiques sont ainsi identifiées : suffisant prévenant, désinvolte avisé, virtuose assuré, conformiste contrarié.
Deux grands types de stratégies opposent également les peu et les très flexibles : l'enfant dépendant et le parent aliéné sont à la fois peu flexibles, ancrés territorialement, inscrits dans une généalogie familiale, et attachés aux valeurs de leurs employeurs ; l'artisan autonome (compagnon, impétrant ou résistant) manifeste au contraire une capacité de mobilité à la fois quotidienne, résidentielle et professionnelle, tendue vers l'émancipation familiale.
Cette analyse permet d'identifier les ressources, matérielles, cognitives et symboliques, qui structurent les choix de mobilité. La disposition d'un logement autonome et décent apparaît alors comme le seul élément externe susceptible de déterminer l'élaboration de stratégies de changement professionnel et résidentiel ainsi qu'une grande flexibilité.
Pour faire face aux défis de la société flexible, les plus précaires auraient ainsi avant tout besoin d'un logement décent et autonome plutôt que d'outils ou de compétences de mobilité.
Chemla, Daniel. „Algorithms for optimizing shared mobility systems“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1066/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBikes sharing systems have known a growing success all over the world. Several attempts have been made since the 1960s. The latest developments in ICT have enabled the system to become efficient. People can obtain real-time information about the position of the vehicles. More than 200 cities have already introduced the system and this trend keeps on with the launching of the NYC system in spring 2013. A new avatar of these means of transportation has arrived with the introduction of Autolib in Paris end of 2011.The objective of this thesis is to propose algorithms that may help to improve this system efficiency. Indeed, operating these systems induces several issues, one of which is the regulation problem. Regulation should ensures users that a right number of vehicles are present at any station anytime in order to fulfill the demand for both vehicles and parking racks. This regulation is often executed thanks to trucks that are travelling the city. This regulation issue is crucial since empty and full stations increase users' dissatisfaction. Finding the optimal strategy for regulating a network appears to be a difficult question. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first one deals with the “static” case. In this part, users' impact on the network is neglected. This is the case at night or when the system is closed. The operator faces a given repartition of the vehicles. He wants the repartition to match a target one that is known a priori. The one-truck and multiple-truck balancing problems are addressed in this thesis. For each one, an algorithm is proposed and tested on several instances. To deal with the “dynamic” case in which users interact with the system, a simulator has been developed. It is used to compare several strategies and to monitor redistribution by using trucks. Strategies not using trucks, but incentive policies are also tested: regularly updated prices are attached to stations to deter users from parking their vehicle at specified stations. At last, the question to find the best initial inventory is also addressed. It corresponds to the case when no truck are used within the day. Two local searches are presented and both aim at minimizing the total time lost by users in the system. The results obtained can be used as inputs for the target repartitions used in the first part. During my thesis, I participated to two EURO-ROADEF challenges, the 2010 edition proposed by EDF and the 2012 one by Google. In both case, my team reached the final phase. In 2010, our method was ranked fourth over all the participants and led to the publication of an article. In 2012, we ranked eighteenth over all the participants. Both works are added in the appendix
Mackaya, Marcien. „Test des protocoles et services liés à la mobilité“. Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12969.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChevalier, Amandine. „Changements de comportements de mobilité automobile“. Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis rises in a context where the automobile supremacy is questioned. It aims at analysing behavioural changes related to the deployment of solutions to pool car, in order to foresee evolution of its modes of use, intensity of use, as well as that of motorization. First, we identify new car mobility services as main vectors of changes in behaviours, we also measure the potential development of carpooling (important), carsharing and short-term car rental (limited), and we end up by showing that these services can achieve energy savings if used as substitute to individual equipment. In a second step, we focus on the analysis of mobility patterns from which we establish a behaviour classification highlighting their main drivers. From these, the estimation of a modal choice model shows that shifts from personal car toward public transport or shared car are likely to 2020, in the case of a decrease in households' motorization level. Thus, we finally analyse the evolution of households' motorization and emphasis a breaking point in the positive generational trends observed in the past, that will know a stagnation if not an inversion to 2020. As a consequence, the evolution of the French car market will tend to be more driven by sales to fleet and business than sales to private
Mougenot, Benoît. „Une évaluation des services d'éco-mobilité à l'échelle du territoire“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV084/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis calls for a better understanding of the challenges surrounding thedevelopment of innovative integrated transport projects in the territories, oftencharacterized by eco-mobility. By implementing new behaviors for users, but also bycreating new relationships between actors, both users, companies, and local authorities, these projects call for a rethinking of the logics of performance and evaluation in a broader perspective. The traditional tools used in the economic field do not seem to grasp sufficiently the complexity inherent in these programs, so it is appropriate to develop new perspectives more oriented in a multidisciplinary approach.For this, we will support our reflection by crossing two programs located in the Yvelines area. Indeed, this territory seems to be the breeding ground for many initiatives in recent years. The results obtained from a fieldwork meeting with a wide range of stakeholders will help to improve the knowledge base of these emerging programs and to draw lessons for future projects
Jaglin, Sylvy. „Pouvoirs urbains et gestion partagée à Ouagadougou. Equipements et services de proximité dans les périphéries“. Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458204.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJaglin, Sylvy. „Pouvoirs urbains et gestion partagée à Ouagadougou : équipements et services de proximité dans les périphéries“. Paris 8, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA080608.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe advent of a revolutionary state in burkina faso, in 1983, has changed the management conditions of the capital city, ouagadougou. The running of the neighborhood services such as the supply of drinking water at public standposts and the building of basic educational and health facilities being transfered to grassroots organizations (revolutionary committees), elected by the inhabitants of local urban districts, the neighborhood management proceeds from a complex system of shared responsabilities. This study analyses the original practices which come out of this overall context and the new modes of cooperatio established by public authorities and urban populations to bring basic facilities in the outskirts of ouagadougou, which were recently allotted. Emphasizing on the official settings of urban management, the first part of this work analyses the texts and the institutions as well as the means of financing the capital development. The seocnd part is devoted to the social protagonists of urban peripheries, city dwellers and crs'leaders, and to their function in the construction of a shared management specific field of action. The third part studies the articulations and interactions between the "top" and the "bottom" of the social fabric, through the analyse and local management practices. Stress is laid on the contradictions and the discrepancies which arise from the conflicting scales at which the local management is determined
Bocquet, Aurélien. „Infrastructure logicielle multi-modèles pour l'accès à des services en mobilité“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10132/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe middlewares are nowadays unavoidable when developing dlstributed applications. Every design needs adapted and efficient· tools. ln addition, their context of deployment needs special mechanisms in order to adapt to it. To do so, the middlewares offer different programming and communication models, supplying efficient ways to communicate in some situations. ln mobility, interoperability becomes unavoidable, and the context changes. This thesis deals with the requirements of a middleware in mobility. We thus propose a multi-model approach, based on the current works in this domain, and presenting innovative concepts. This approach is composed by a generic programming model and by a combination of communication models. Adaptation policies define the rules of combination of models, regarding context observations and dynamic adaptation mechanisms allow to handle the context in realtime, and to reconfigure the system when it is running. Our approach has been validated through a concrete application to problems caused by the use of an embedded Intemet proxy in trains: the design and development of a mufti-model graft iIIustrated and justified our approach, and the evaluation of this graft demonstrated the benefits of this approach via-a-vis the changes of context. We also designed and developed our multi-model software infrastructure, proposing ail these concepts, and thus allowing to benefit from our multi-model approach
Verdot, Vincent. „Approche applicative de la continuité des services en mobilité dans un milieu hétérogène“. Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TELE0019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePeople now live within an electronic sphere of heterogenous devices providing similar services. From now on they can freely choose the best interface corresponding to their needs, switching from a device to another while enjoying a same service. This freedom leverage new mobility issues that directly impact the user experience. The state of the art introduces two services types with specific properties : applicative services commonly known as local or remote applications and telecommunication services based on standardised infrastructures. The study of the mobility constraints and the existing approaches shows that current solutions in this domain are incomplete and cannot assure an end-to-end continuity : selection, transfer, adaptation, etc. We implemented continuity mechanisms in the ims and web environments for telecommunication and multimedia services in order to emphasize the lacks of the existing solutions and identify the basic features of a unified mobility management model. These works led to a more abstract vision of the service concept, required to define a generic continuity model adapted to the user’s heterogeneous environment. We introduced innovative concepts and original mobility mechanisms, which we implemented in a "distributed Service Manager". Finally, we evaluated this model with qualitative and quantitative tests on a prototype according to a transfer scenario of text-edition service in a heterogeneous environment. Results are very satisfying, they prove the feasibility of our solution and its adequacy with the temporal and contextual constraints
Verdot, Vincent. „Approche applicative de la continuité des services en mobilité dans un milieu hétérogène“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TELE0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePeople now live within an electronic sphere of heterogenous devices providing similar services. From now on they can freely choose the best interface corresponding to their needs, switching from a device to another while enjoying a same service. This freedom leverage new mobility issues that directly impact the user experience. The state of the art introduces two services types with specific properties : applicative services commonly known as local or remote applications and telecommunication services based on standardised infrastructures. The study of the mobility constraints and the existing approaches shows that current solutions in this domain are incomplete and cannot assure an end-to-end continuity : selection, transfer, adaptation, etc. We implemented continuity mechanisms in the ims and web environments for telecommunication and multimedia services in order to emphasize the lacks of the existing solutions and identify the basic features of a unified mobility management model. These works led to a more abstract vision of the service concept, required to define a generic continuity model adapted to the user’s heterogeneous environment. We introduced innovative concepts and original mobility mechanisms, which we implemented in a "distributed Service Manager". Finally, we evaluated this model with qualitative and quantitative tests on a prototype according to a transfer scenario of text-edition service in a heterogeneous environment. Results are very satisfying, they prove the feasibility of our solution and its adequacy with the temporal and contextual constraints
Alexandre, Louis. „La mobilité des abonnés au service d'autopartage de Québec (Communauto) et leurs émissions de gaz à effet de serre“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27930/27930.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCar sharing is a concept developed in Europe during the 1990’s. This type of service is used by people and enterprises using car sporadically or that do not own a car, by choice or due to constraints. Car use is share among subscribers who must make a reservation to use it on an hourly or daily basis. This phenomenon is emerging and rapidly growing in Europe and North America. In 2006, car sharing was implemented in 600 cities around the World, meaning more than 348 000 subscribers sharing usage of 11 700 cars. In 1994, Auto-Com was launching in Quebec City, the first still existing car sharing service in North America. This company, now called Communauto, is now well implemented in four urban regions in the Province of Québec (Montréal and its inner ring of neighbourhoods, Québec-Lévis, Gatineau and Sherbrooke), having more than 20 000 subscribers in 2010, among which 3 000 are living in Québec City. The yearly growth rate was close to 20 % during the last few years. At the beginning, this service was mostly available downtown, but it is now well implemented in the first and second ring suburbs. The impact of this phenomenon on mobility deserves research. Is the mobility behaviour of car sharing users similar to that of other car drivers? Conversely, are the subscribers using this type of access to car as a complement to public and active transportation modes? Car sharing users must make a reservation, walk or move to access the vehicle and should pay in consideration of usage (fixed costs included). In comparison, an owned car is always available and only variable costs are immediately perceived (gas and parking). In theory, time constraints, distance and costs of using a shared car, should advantage other transportation modes (walking, biking, public transportation and taxi). Therefore, we anticipate that car sharing users are consuming less energy and generate less greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions than car owners, for their travelling needs. However, some car sharing subscribers did not have car access prior to their membership; their overall mobility could have increased or be higher than that on non-motorised people living in the same neighbourhood. The main purpose of this research aim at testing if the GHG emission balance of car sharing users is higher or lower than in the general population. A survey was realised between April and June of 2009 in order to collect all trips made by a sample of Communauto’s subscribers for an entire week. In order to minimize costs of such a weekly survey, a novel approach based on the Web was developed, thanks to a NCE GEOIDE Network initiative, receiving complementary funding from SSHRC and FQRSC. Respondents were asked to locate their activity places on an electronic map using a custom application based on Google Maps. Afterwards, places geo-referenced by respondents were used to fill seven daily trip logbooks using drop down menus. This survey was highly challenging because there are very few existing trip surveys using the Web. Moreover, the survey had to retain interest of respondent during an entire week. Finally, 57 Communauto’s subscribers living in Québec City filled an entire week logbook using the Web interface. Results of these car sharing users were compared to those of a control group (122 respondents) previously surveyed using pen-and-paper methods, in 2002 and 2003, also in Québec City (PROCESSUS Network funded by SSHRC and GEOIDE). When making comparison of both methods, one can understand the excellent potential of the Web-based survey. The experiment was very informative and the results are of great interest for those who want to develop a Web survey on mobility. Significant differences were observed for the selection of location tools between genders and among education levels. Findings are convincing with strong differences in mobility behaviours between car sharing users and others. Modal shares of car sharing users are very similar to those of non-motorized people in the control group and the average GHG emissions balance of car sharing subscribers is significantly lower than that of the control group for all considered neighbourhoods in Quebec City (downtown, older suburbs, new suburbs). Differences can also be established based on motorization, residential location and the nature of urban fabric.
Bahlagui, Najet. „Contribution à l'étude de la relation mobilité, justice organisationnelle, employabilité : une approche par les trajectoires“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEmployability presents real challenges for organizations, institutions and individuals. These multiple issues cover several areas at once economic, political, and social and employability is becoming the corne stone for reducing pressures arising from the synergy of these three spheres. These pressures include rising unemployment, labor shortages, the development of skills, attractiviness of employees, restructuring, research versatility, etc... In fact, employability feeds speeches and managerial pratices to claim as the new social model of the XXI century Gazier (2003), Guerrero (2003), St Germes (2007).This research aims to study mobility, often referred to as a means of ensuring the continued employment, career development and ultimately securing career paths (Hategekimana, 2002; Bader, 2007; Othman, 2011). However, it must necessarily be accompanied by appropriate conditions (Sardas and Gant, 2009; Amossé et al., 2012; St Germes et al., 2013).Our general problem answers the question : What impact organizational justice in the foundation of mobility and employability of employees relationship?The chosen methodology is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 75 stakeholders (employees and practitioners) in the hospital, telecommunications and start ups. The subjective approach career paths provide scientific insights into existing logical to take this relationship.Key words : Employability, voluntary mobility, willingness mobility, shared mobility, forced mobility, organizational justice, organizational and individual motivations
Dridi, Khaled, und Khaled Dridi. „Spécification du protocole MAC pour les réseaux IEEE 802.11e à différentiation de services sous contrainte de mobilité“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDridi, Khaled. „Spécification du protocole MAC pour les réseaux IEEE 802.11e à différentiation de services sous contrainte de mobilité“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes a new approach relating to the packets scheduling algorithm, the cooperation scheme and the nodes' mobility for IEEE 802.11 wireless network family. Considering the QoS delivery process at the MAC level consists the main feature of the proposal research study. The analysis of the current mechanisms leads to keep the protocol EDCF as the basic model for our work platform. In order to overcome the weakness of the earlier 802.11 standard, a new model based on multi-scheduler algorithm, called HCF-T, is proposed. The achieved performances are summarized following several criteria: traffic control, throughput improving, collisions avoidance, and network load decreasing. Furthermore, in the way of getting better results according to the PHY layer, we presented and analyzed a model of cooperative diversity scheme. It included a couple of relaying protocols AAF and DAF supported by a set of combining techniques to backup the signal at the receiver. To support node's mobility within EDCF, we built-up a model of WLAN which able to track node motion and control the access as in real condition. In the case of overlapping APs ranges, we developed a Multi-coverage algorithm aiming to carry out the session associations. As a result, three levels (Low, Medium, and High) of node's speed are discerned. Finally, EDCF has been implemented on various static and dynamic scenarios. The performances, based on the main MAC-layer metrics, such as throughput, End-2-End delay, and jitter, have been classified and comprehensively evaluated
Bahlagui, Najet. „Contribution à l'étude de la relation mobilité, justice organisationnelle, employabilité : une approche par les trajectoires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEmployability presents real challenges for organizations, institutions and individuals. These multiple issues cover several areas at once economic, political, and social and employability is becoming the corne stone for reducing pressures arising from the synergy of these three spheres. These pressures include rising unemployment, labor shortages, the development of skills, attractiviness of employees, restructuring, research versatility, etc... In fact, employability feeds speeches and managerial pratices to claim as the new social model of the XXI century Gazier (2003), Guerrero (2003), St Germes (2007).This research aims to study mobility, often referred to as a means of ensuring the continued employment, career development and ultimately securing career paths (Hategekimana, 2002; Bader, 2007; Othman, 2011). However, it must necessarily be accompanied by appropriate conditions (Sardas and Gant, 2009; Amossé et al., 2012; St Germes et al., 2013).Our general problem answers the question : What impact organizational justice in the foundation of mobility and employability of employees relationship?The chosen methodology is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 75 stakeholders (employees and practitioners) in the hospital, telecommunications and start ups. The subjective approach career paths provide scientific insights into existing logical to take this relationship.Key words : Employability, voluntary mobility, willingness mobility, shared mobility, forced mobility, organizational justice, organizational and individual motivations
Poirier, Annie. „Étude des besoins décisionnels des aînés atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer et de leurs proches aidants pour favoriser la prise de décision partagée en soins de première ligne“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePays, Christophe. „Politiques et pratiques de gestion des carrières : enjeux et limites d'un renouvellement : analyse monographique de cinq entreprises françaises du secteur tertiaire“. Lille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIL12006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo modernize career management policies has become a major concern of french human resources managers in recent years. This thesis aims at studying the advantages and the limits of a new career management model based on the integration of organizational needs (career supply) and individual needs (career demand). An empirical, comparative and no representative analysis - social audits with data collected over 16 years from 1978 through 1993 - was conducted among five large firms in tertiary activities. Moreover, a survey of current career management theory and research - in french and anglo-saxon literature - was realized. In spite of significant differences on the career supply level, the results indicate that common trends appear between firms. On the one hand, organizational career management is increasingly viewed as a system with a participative, individualized and strategic approach. On the other hand, specific practical tools are implemented (couselling, job rotation, controlling promotion, announcing vacancies. . . ). From an organizational perspective, three goals have been identified : first, to increase the functional moves (strategy of adaptation); second, to develop the human potential (strategy of selection) ; and third, to improve the motivation of the employees (strategy of mobilization). Finally, the reality of an + employment and career market; inside firms is examined in relation to + internal recruitment; and + internal labor markets ; concepts
Schwing, Maximilian. „Adoption Factors and Outcomes of Shared Micromobility Solutions – An Empirical Examination in Closed-Campus Environments“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU10002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs an application of the sharing economy, shared micromobility refers to the shared use of light-weight transportation modes (e.g., e-scooter sharing). It is considered an integral part of sustainable urban mobility, as it reduces the reliance on individual motorized vehicles and solves the first-and-last-mile problem of public transportation. However, shared micromobility is controversial with consumer-related issues. Consequently, it has attracted interest outside and inside academia, and service providers innovate their solutions. In this context, this dissertation aims to understand how consumers adopt innovative shared micromobility by focusing on the application in closed-campus environments. First, we use the theory–context–characteristics–methodology systematic literature review protocol (Paul & Criado, 2020) to provide a holistic overview and research agenda of theoretical and empirical aspects at the intersection of marketing research on the sharing economy. Thus, we define our research questions related to 1) adoption factors and real user behavior 2) satisfaction and continuance intention to use 3) longitudinal effects of user experience on the perceptions of closed-campus micromobility. By setting up a field laboratory for shared micromobility in a closed-campus setting, we collect empirical survey and behavioral data to answer the related questions. Regarding the first question, we examine the antecedents of behavioral intention to adopt closed-campus micromobility and its influence on real user behavior. We draw on the UTAUT2 (Venkatesh et al., 2012) and integrate consumer perceived value theory (Holbrook, 1994), employee enablement theory (Adler & Borys, 1996) and privacy calculus theory (Martin & Murphy, 2017). The results indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, task enablement, and hedonic and utilitarian value are significant antecedents of behavioral intention, which positively affects real use. Regarding the second question, we examine the antecedents of satisfaction and continuation behavior of closed campus micromobility. We draw on the expectation-confirmation model (Bhattacherjee, 2001) and integrate the theory of well-being (Diener et al., 1999) and consumer perceived value theory (Holbrook, 1994). The results reveal that subjective well-being is an antecedent of service satisfaction, which in turn is influenced by hedonic and economic values. Finally, regarding the third question, we examine the longitudinal effects of user experience. Based on UTAUT2 (Venkatesh et al., 2012) and regulatory focus theory (Avnet & Higgins, 2006), we add consumer perceived value theory (Holbrook, 1994), employee enablement theory (Adler & Borys, 1996), theory of well-being (Diener et al., 1999) and social identity theory (Ashforth & Mael, 1989). Through a within-subject design and two independent samples (short-term and long-term experience), we reveal that performance expectancy and task enablement are stable antecedents of usage intention, whereas hedonic value decreases. Concerning outcomes, we highlight the role of subjective well-being and organizational identification from the perspective of users and organizations. Our research offers contributions to the literature on technology adoption and shared micromobility, by highlighting important factors and outcomes that influence the decision to use shared micromobility solutions in closed-campus settings. We also offer methodological contributions. Thanks to the implementation of the field laboratory, we combine declarative survey data with real behavioral data and analyze longitudinal effects. To conclude, we present implications for both managers and policymakers who want to implement shared micromobility services
Diallo, Moustapha. „Professionnalisation et formation des personnels administratifs des services éducatifs publics de Guinée : : recherche sur les dynamiques d'une ingénierie de formation continue à partir de l'agir professionnel“. Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR2034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePichon, Dominique. „Architectures pour la fourniture de services multimédias dans un contexte de mobilité de session inter-réseaux et inter-terminaux“. Télécom Bretagne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2009TELB0133.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recent years, Internet has become more mobile than ever thanks to the availability of powerful access networks, mobile terminals and multimedia services. New usages, such as Video on Demand (VoD) are now very popular and represent a huge challenge for mobile network operators, as they have strong requirements, e. G. , bandwidth, jitter. In such a context, inter-access network mobility solutions allow mobile network operators to dispatch their load across their different access networks. Nevertheless, the inter-access network mobility imposes the use of specific mechanisms to adapt services to their environment, especially considering the current access network capabilities. Works carried on during this thesis show the potential of the scalable video coding (SVC) approach as a solution to adapt multimedia services, such as Video on Demand. We propose a global architecture that decouples the service from the mobility management. We also study algorithms that aim at maximizing the user satisfaction while still allowing the operator to optimize its resource use. We analyze the possible deployment of this architecture for a mobile network operator and implemented the whole framework in a real testbed. Besides we also study the inter-terminal session mobility, which enables terminals to transfer, retrieve or control remote sessions, from the same user or not. In this regard we have extended the architecture currently standardized by the 3GPP, by adding a dedicated entity, collecting session information and dispatching them to authorized users, according to their preferences and their status
Brevet, David. „Conception de services pour la mobilité urbaine respectueux des données privées et assurant la sécurité des clients et des véhicules“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript addresses the Dial-A-Ride Problem (DARP) using Private Vehicles and Alternative Nodes (DARP-PV-AN). The DARP consists of creating vehicle routes in order to ensure a set of users’ transportation requests. Each request corresponds to a client needing to be transported from his/her origin to his/her destination. Routing costs have to be minimized while respecting a set of constraints like time windows and maximum route length.In the classical DARP, vehicles have to start from a depot and come back to it at the end of their route. In the DARP-PV-AN, the on-demand transportation service can be done either by a public fleet or by clients that use their private vehicles. The use of these vehicles adds more flexibility and unclog the public transportation fleet by allowing clients to organize their own transportation. However, it also raises some privacy concerns. The DARP-PV-AN addresses these concerns and focuses on location privacy, i.e. the ability to prevent third parties from learning clients’ locations, by keeping both original and final location private. This is addressed by setting several pickup/delivery nodes for the transportation requests, thus masking the private address.The DARP-PV-AN is first solved in a mono-objective context. A compact mixed integer linear model is presented and an Evolutionary Local Search (ELS) is proposed to compute solutions of good quality for the problem. These methods are benchmarked on a modified set of benchmark instances. A new set of realistic instances is also provided to test the ELS in a more realistic way. A second approach solving the mono-objective DARP-PV-AN is proposed. Based on a hybrid metaheuristic, it combines three methods: a genetic algorithm, a Branch and Bound method, and Integer Linear Programming (ILP) to solve the Weighted Set Cover Problem (WSCP). This approach is tested on the new instances and compared to the previously proposed ELS.This hybrid method is then tuned to solve the DARP-PV-AN in a bi-objective context. In order to do this, the multi-objective algorithm NSGA-II is used, always associated with a Branch and Bound method and bi-objective WSCP solving by ILP (Integer Linear Programming). For the bi-objective WSCP resolution, different aggregation methods were tested and compared. This approach is also tested on the new instances, modified to treat them in a bi-objective framework
Kessal, Ouanouche Soumia. „Gestion Dynamique de Service de Bout en Bout dans un Contexte de Mobilité et d'Ubiquité : du Déploiement au Delivery des services“. Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00679283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDjemai, Tanissia. „Placement optimisé de services dans les architectures fog computing et internet of things sous contraintes d'énergie, de QoS et de mobilité“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) raises various issues, both in terms of the development and deployment of IoT applications in computing infrastructures. Cloud Computing is the most widespread computing infrastructure today. It is based on data centers that communicate with each other and with users via monolithic, inflexible network equipments. The importance of revising this schema has been highlighted in order to meet the challenges of an IoT environment that is heterogeneous, mobile and generates a large amount of data that requires rapid processing. The classic IoT model, in which IoT objects send information via their gateways to the Cloud, which then provides services to the applications, finds extensions in the Fog or Edge approach, which enables services to be brought closer to users by relying on intermediate computing and communication equipments between users and data centers. The Fog Computing architecture allows exploiting the computing and storage! capacities of the network infrastructure, in addition to that of the Cloud, for the deployment of IoT services and thus extending and bringing services closer to IoT objects. However, network equipments are heterogeneous and with low computing capacity, they cover a large geographical area and must cope with the mobility of IoT users. All this adds complexity to the problem of service placement and scheduling in order to optimize various parameters such as energy consumption, different costs related to placement and improving the applications quality of service requirements. The objective of our thesis is to propose IoT service placement strategies in a Fog infrastructure while taking into account the dynamic nature of the environment brought by user mobility, the energy cost of computing infrastructures and the QoS requirements of deployed applications
Cheneau, Tony. „Amélioration des adresses CGA et du protocole SEND pour un meilleur support de la mobilité et de nouveaux services de sécurité“. Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697134.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCheneau, Tony. „Amélioration des adresses CGA et du protocole SEND pour un meilleur support de la mobilité et de nouveaux services de sécurité“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TELE0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOriginally designed to protect the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) (part of the IPv6 protocol suite), the Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGA) and the Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) now need to be adapted to the context of Mobility and extended to new functionalities. The term "Mobility" encompasses many aspects, among them : node mobility (Mobile IPv6, MIPv6), router mobility (Network Mobility, NEMO) and network-based mobility management (Proxy Mobile IPv6, PMIPv6). Numerous changes need to be operated on the SEND protocol in order to comply with the Mobility : the cryptographic operations need to be adapted to operate on low power mobile nodes, the incompatibilities between the address sharing model of the mobile protocol and the address protections offered by SEND need to be fixed, etc. Firstly, we present the Neighbor Discovery protocol, the CGA addresses and the SEND protocol. We study their limitations, and, in order to improve their performances, we propose to replace the signature algorithm used in SEND (RSA) by the elliptic curves cryptography (ECC). We then evaluate the performances of our proposal. Subsequently, we modify the SEND protocol to include a signature algorithm selection mechanism. Secondly, we solve incompatilities between the SEND protocol and the mobility protocols (e.g. MIPv6) and between the SEND protocol and the anycast addresses. Finally, we present our contributions containing a derivate use of the CGA addresses and the SEND protocol
Rilling, Louis. „Système d'exploitation à image unique pour une grille de composition dynamique : conception et mise en oeuvre de services fiables pour éxécuter les applications distribuées partageant des données“. Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaad, Sawsan. „Conception et Optimisation Distribuée d'un Système d'Information des Services d'Aide à la Mobilité Urbaine Basé sur une Ontologie Flexible dans le Domaine de Transport“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaad, Sawsan. „Conception et Optimisation Distribuée d’un Système d’Information des Services d’Aide à la Mobilité Urbaine Basé sur une Ontologie Flexible dans le Domaine de Transport“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, information related on displacement and mobility in a transport network represents certainly a significant potential. So, this work aims to modeling, to optimize and to implement an Information System of Services to Aid the Urban Mobility (ISSAUM).The ISSAUM has firstly to decompose each set of simultaneous requests into a set of sub-requests called tasks. Each task corresponds to a service which can be proposed different by several information providers with different. An information provider which aims to propose some services through our ISSAUM has to register its ontology. Indeed, ISSAUM is related to an Extended and distributed Transport Multimodal Network (ETMN) which contains several heterogeneous data sources. The dynamic and distributed aspects of the problem incite us to adopt a multi-agent approach to ensure a continual evolution and a pragmatic flexibility of the system. So, we proposed to automate the modeling of services by using ontology idea. Our ISSAUM takes into account possible disturbance through the ETMN. In order to satisfy user requests, we developed a negotiation protocol between our system agents. The proposed ontology mapping negotiation model based on the knowledge management system for supporting the semantic heterogeneity and it organized as follow: Negotiation Layer (NL), the Semantic Layer (SEL), and the Knowledge Management Systems Layer(KMSL).We detailed also the reassignment process by using Dynamic Reassigned Tasks (DRT) algorithm supporting by ontology mapping approach. Finally, the experimental results presented in this thesis, justify the using of the ontology solution in our system and its role in the negotiation process
Engman, Michael Olavi. „North-South trade in services : temporary migration of skilled labour“. Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMore than half a century of trade and market liberalisation have greatly facilitated the movement of goods, services, capital and information across borders. This integration process has brought unprecedented welfare gains to the wor1d's population and there is much scope to stimulate further economic growth in developing countries through market and trade friendly reforms. One piece in the globalisation puzzle has largely been excluded from the liberalisation process: the movement of human capital remains highly controlled and restricted. This is regrettable since the liberalisation of temporary labour movement could have a greater impact on economic growth and development than any other single policy. Many developing countries are well endowed with human capital and it is a factor of production and a mode of service delivery in which many developing countries enjoy a comparative advantage. This dissertation focuses on temporary migration of skilled workers from poor to rich countries. The underlying assumption-based on economic models and empirical findings-is that a more liberal environment for temporary labour mobility would bring substantial welfare gains by stimulating economic growth and development. Consequently, the focal point is on trade rather than immigration (or so called 'brain circulation' rather than 'brain drain'). The dissertation is centred on three in-depth studies of some of the world's leading labour sending countries: Egypt, India and the Philippines; and some of their most prominent services sectors: education, IT, and health services
Carreyre, Félix. „Are robotaxis worth it ? On-demand Autonomous Vehicle Mobility Services in heterogeneous Territories : A Cost Benefit Analysis“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENPC0043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe 2010’ has seen a spectacular interest for autonomous vehicles (AV). The new market opened by the promises of improved safety and comfort pushed car makers and newcomers, such as tech companies, to invest in the development of autonomous vehicles. The scientific literature has also taken interest in the topic and produced analysis to investigate the expected impact of this emerging mode of transportation. These works have mostly focused on the operational ability of on-demand autonomous vehicles services to replace services which are actually operated by conventional car, including the private use of the car. This thesis aims to provide an economic evaluation of on-demand autonomous vehicles services in different territories to complete the existing scientific literature.This thesis aims to answer the following research questions: What are the performances of AV-based services by considering the perspectives of the main stakeholders (i.e., users, operators and public authorities)? Are there more relevant AV-based services than others? Which is the most suitable operating model of AV-based services to deploy in each type of territory (i.e., urban, peri-urban and rural)?First, a bibliometric analysis and a meta-analysis is carried out to understand the focus of the literature and its main results. Then, a cost-benefit analysis framework suited to the evaluation of autonomous vehicles services is developed. The methodology is applied to three case studies, in Berlin (urban setting), the Communauté d’agglomération de Paris-Saclay (periurban setting) and Dourdan (a rural territory south of Paris). Each time, the MATSim agent-based mobility model is used to forecast the expected use of the AV services considered, and provide the necessary inputs for the cost-benefit analysis.The contributions of this thesis are both methodological and empirical. The methodological contribution lies in the development of a CBA framework and a parametrical set of reference values for autonomous vehicle services. Regarding the empirical contribution, the meta-analysis shows that on-demand AV services would increase travelled distances in most cases, but could allow to cut down the required fleet size by half. Our case studies corroborate and extend these results with a more comprehensive evaluation. In the Berlin case study, introducing AVs would lead to an increase in congestion, leading to a decrease in the consumer surplus and a negative net present value. This suggests that automation in urban settings should firstly focus on heavier modes of transportation, such as bus lines or rail lines. The Paris Saclay case study led to more promising results thanks to an intermodal (train – AV) scenario which allowed to significantly increase the average occupancy per vehicle and increase accessibility for many users, at the cost of lower patronage for the competing bus lines. On-demand AVs could replace low occupancy bus lines depending on territories. Considering the potentially substantial infrastructure costs, AVs could be implemented under a Stop-Based routing to limit the network length to equip. In the Dourdan rural case study, on-demand AVs suffer from low occupancy, especially when the service does not offer ridesharing (with a significant share of deadheading). This low economic performance of AV services in rural territories suggests that these should only be introduced for specific purposes – such as providing a mobility solution for specific populations – or in combination with other mobility policies. This case study highlights the importance of infrastructure costs, which are even more prevalent for low demand densities.This work contributes to better understanding the potential impacts of on-demand AVs. It provides first recommendations on how to introduce AVs depending on the territorial context in order to mitigate the undesirable externalities and limit the possibly large financial costs, especially regarding the infrastructure
Moradell, Rabert Nuria. „La mobilité du travail en Europe : le cas de la région transfrontalière Catalogne, Midi-Pyrénnées et Languedoc-Roussillon“. Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis develops, firstly, the problems regarding the mobility of workers. Definitions of different authors about the concept of mobility and different theories of the human capital mobility, such as the traditional pattern or models with more or less working mobility, are presented. The following chapter analyses different obstacles to the human capital mobility and actions to take place to remove them. The second part of the thesis examines both, the European labour market and the European employment strategy. It is also presented in annex the key documents on European labour issues. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the study of the EURES Crossborder Network – Pyrémed, which was launched with the aim of promoting the mobility of workers between the following regions: the Languedoc-Roussillon, the Midi-Pyrénées and Catalonia. Finally, the thesis analyses the objectives of the EURES Crossborder network – Pyrémed and tries to make evident their strong points and weak points, in order to allow an evaluation
Bousselmi, Ayoub. „Conception et optimisation d’un système d’information d’aide à la mobilité : une approche multi-agent pour la recherche et la composition des services dans un espace ubiquitaire“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a context of ubiquitous mobility, different objects are able to interact with users to provide them with innovative services and help them optimize their travel plans. Indeed, the number of users and the number of service providers requested by these users are actively growing. This growth involves an aspect of competition and requires optimized choices. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to design and optimize a mobility aid system that covers not only transport services but also tourist services, cultural services and many others. The research presented in this thesis proposes the establishment of a Plateforme de Recherche et de composition des Services d'Aide à la Mobilité (PRoSAM) to optimize research, composition and distribution tasks of advanced mobility information. The dynamic and distributed aspects of the problem have led us to adopt an agent-oriented modeling approach to cope with the conditions of a ubiquitous environment. Thanks to a dynamic role switching strategy of user agents and an innovative negotiation protocol, customers are able to exchange services autonomously and to establish full or partial agreements in order to optimize communications over the network. Finally, the simulation results presented in this thesis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches
Gomez, Javier. „Optimisation des transports et mobilité durable : le cas des applications géolocalisées sur téléphone mobile“. Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBen, Fredj Sameh. „Intergiciel sémantique pour la recherche des services de l'internet des objets“. Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0063/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), we are facing a proliferation of connected devices distributed over physical locations, so called smart spaces and offering IoT services. Enabling an easy and seamless discovery of these IoT services is crucial for the success of the Internet of Things. The characteristics of IoT services, such as their sheer number, their heterogeneity and their dynamicity induced by the mobility of the related devices, make discovering them a challenge. In this thesis, we propose a system architecture and the associated mechanisms to enable efficient and scalable semantic-based IoT service discovery supporting dynamic contexts. Our approach relies on distributed semantic gateways that embed clustering, information aggregation and semantic routing mechanisms
Aissioui, Abdelkader. „Le chemin vers les architectures futures des services mobiles : du Follow Me Cloud (FMC) au Follow Me edge Cloud (FMeC)“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV095.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis Ph.D. thesis aims to deal with the future delivery architectures of mobile cloud-based services, through network infrastructures evolving from Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) to Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). We mainly focused on Follow Me Cloud (FMC) concept as a new service delivery strategy for improved user experience and efficient resource utilization. That enables cloud-based services to follow their mobile users during their movement across access network technologies and by delivering the cloud-service via the optimal service point inside the cloud infrastructure. Several contributions are proposed in this thesis and evaluated in both theoretical analysis and scientific simulation.First, we proposed an alternative FMC architecture that allows: (i) to open the FMC design on non-3GPP mobile network access technologies (ii) to provide interoperability among different PMIPv6 domains permitting MNs inter-PMIPv6 domain roaming with seamless IP mobility and service session continuity (iii) to offer a tunnel-free architecture in MNs roaming situation, avoiding any additional overhead associated with tunneling in mobility management. This proposed scheme leverage SDN/OpenFlow technology and PMIPv6 mobility management protocol by integrating them within a framework permitting to realize the FMC vision.Second, to address the scalability and resiliency concerns in centralized SDN/OpenFlow control plane architecture, we introduced a new design of an elastic distributed SDN controller tailored for Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) and more notably for Follow Me Cloud (FMC) management systems. We illustrated how the new control plane scheme is distributed on two-level hierarchical architecture, a first level with a single global SDN controller and a second level with several local SDN controllers. Then, we presented the building blocks of our novel control plane framework, the system Key Performance Indicator (KPI) computation and set the key objective of our design aiming to keep the system KPI value within a predefined threshold window. Last, we proved how this goal is achieved by adapting the number of local SDN controllers and their locations in an elastic manner and deploying them as VNF instances on the cloud thanks to NFV technology.Third, we introduced FMeC concept, leveraging the intertwining of MEC and FMC architectures with the aim of sustaining requirements of the 5G automotive systems. We began by defining FMeC key concept elements permitting to provide FMC technology at the edge of mobile networks. Then, we presented an automated driving use case projection of our FMeC solution integrating automotive with Telco infrastructures towards the future 5G automotive vision. Focusing on the V2I/N communications types, we introduced our FMeC design architecture based on SDN/OpenFlow technologies and MEC infrastructure entities whose resources are pooled together to provide a federated edge clouds. Finally, we presented our mobility-aware framework for edge-cloud service placement based on a set of basic algorithms that permit achieving the automated driving QoS requirements in terms of ultra-short latency within 5G network
Ben, Fredj Sameh. „Intergiciel sémantique pour la recherche des services de l'internet des objets“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), we are facing a proliferation of connected devices distributed over physical locations, so called smart spaces and offering IoT services. Enabling an easy and seamless discovery of these IoT services is crucial for the success of the Internet of Things. The characteristics of IoT services, such as their sheer number, their heterogeneity and their dynamicity induced by the mobility of the related devices, make discovering them a challenge. In this thesis, we propose a system architecture and the associated mechanisms to enable efficient and scalable semantic-based IoT service discovery supporting dynamic contexts. Our approach relies on distributed semantic gateways that embed clustering, information aggregation and semantic routing mechanisms
Zgaya, Hayfa. „Conception et optimisation distribuée d'un système d'information d'aide à la mobilité urbaine : Une approche multi-agent pour la recherche et la composition des services liés au transport“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160802.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCes travaux de recherche visent à mettre en œuvre un Système d'Information de Transport Multimodal (SITM) pour optimiser la gestion de flux des requêtes utilisateurs qui peuvent être nombreuses et simultanées. Dans ce cas, le SITM doit pouvoir procéder par des processus de décomposition des requêtes simultanées en un ensemble de tâches indépendantes. Chaque tâche correspond à un service qui peut être proposé par plusieurs fournisseurs d'information, en concurrence, avec différents couts, formats et temps de réponse. Un fournisseur d'information voulant proposer ses services via le SITM, doit d'abord y enregistrer son système d'information, en assumant la responsabilité des aspects juridiques et qualitatifs de ses données. Le SITM est donc lié à un Réseau informatique Etendu et distribué de Transport Multimodal (RETM) qui comporte plusieurs sources d'information hétérogènes des différents services proposés aux utilisateurs de transport.
L'aspect dynamique, distribué et ouvert du problème, nous a conduits à adopter une modélisation multi-agent pour assurer au système une évolution continue et une flexibilité pragmatique. Le système multi-agent proposé s'appuie sur les métaheuristiques pour la recherche et la composition des services; la recherche des services se base sur le paradigme Agent Mobile (AM) utilisant un algorithme d'optimisation dynamique de construction des Plans De Routes (PDR). Cette première étape d'optimisation prépare les parcours des AMs en prenant en considération l'état du RETM. La composition des services utilise les algorithmes évolutionnistes pour optimiser les réponses en termes de coût et de temps, sachant qu'une réponse à une requête utilisateur ne doit pas dépasser un temps maximum autorisé et qu'un utilisateur cherche toujours à avoir le meilleur rapport qualité prix pour les services qu'il demande.
Enfin, le SITM prend en considération les éventuelles perturbations sur le RETM (pannes, goulets d'étranglements, etc.) pour satisfaire les requêtes utilisateurs dans tous les cas de figure. Dans ce contexte, nous avons créé un protocole de négociation entre les agents mobiles et les agents responsables des choix des fournisseurs d'information pour les services demandés, ces agents sont appelés agents Ordonnanceurs. Le protocole proposé dépasse les limites d'une communication agent traditionnelle, ce qui nous a incités à associer au système une ontologie flexible qui permet d'automatiser les différents types d'échanges entre les agents grâce à un vocabulaire approprié.
Les résultats expérimentaux présentés dans cette thèse justifient l'utilisation du paradigme agent mobile dans notre système qui remplace parfaitement bien les paradigmes classiques telle que l'architecture client/serveur. Les simulations présentées montrent différents scénarios de gestion d'un nombre des requêtes simultanées plus ou moins important. En effet, quelque soit le nombre de requêtes utilisateurs formulées pendant un court laps de temps , le système se charge de leur décomposition, de l'identification des services demandés et des fournisseurs d'information susceptibles d'y répondre.
Labossière, Wilsonn. „Analyse des effets d'appartenance ethnique sur l'usage et la représentation pour les services de télécommunication à l'international en France et ses implications marketing“. Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEthnic mobile telephony is a business that facilitates communication and strengthens interpersonal ties between members of a family or a community with dispersed geography. In spite of its importance to people in geographic mobility, there are few studies on utilization
Duhautois, Richard. „Évolution du système productif et évolution de l'emploi en France : une analyse empirique“. Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0131.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Phd thesis aims at analysing the consequences of the evolution of French productive system on employment relations. Particularly, we insist on the role of firms' survival and death and on the increasing number of business groups. First, we show that deindustrialisation diminishes the firms' average size and thus modifies the creative-destruction process which can involve workers' movements. Second, the increasing number of business groups reinforces the employment relation between firms and employées within firms and business groups. Third, we also highlight the impact of deindustrialisation on skills structure and the use of different work contracts by firms (like short-term contracts and temporary contracts)
Cerf, Sophie. „control theory for computing systems : application to big-data cloud services & location privacy protection“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents an application of Control Theory for Computing Systems. It aims at investigating techniques to build and control efficient, dependable and privacy-preserving computing systems. Ad-hoc service configuration require a high level of expertise which could benefit from automation in many ways. A control algorithm can handle bigger and more complex systems, even when they are extremely sensitive to variations in their environment. However, applying control to computing systems raises several challenges, e.g. no physics governs the applications. On one hand, the mathematical framework provided by control theory can be used to improve automation and robustness of computing systems. Moreover, the control theory provides by definition mathematical guarantees that its objectives will be fulfilled. On the other hand, the specific challenges of such use cases enable to expand the control theory itself. The approach taken in this work is to use two application computing systems: location privacy and cloud control. Those two use-cases are complementary in the nature of their technologies and softwares, their scale and in their end-users.The widespread of mobile devices has fostered the broadcasting and collection of users’ location data. It could be for the user to benefit from a personalized service (e.g. weather forecast or route planning) or for the service provider or any other third party to derive useful information from the mobility databases (e.g. road usage frequency or popularity of places). Indeed, many information can be retrieved from location data, including highly sensitive personal data. To overcome this privacy breach, Location Privacy Protection Mechanisms (LPPMs) have been developed. They are algorithm that modify the user’s mobility data, hopefully to hide some sensitive information. However, those tools are not easily configurable by non experts and are static processes that do not adapt to the user’s mobility. We develop two tools, one for already collected databases and one for online usage, that, by tuning the LPPMs, guarantee to the users objective-driven levels of privacy protection and of service utility preservation. First, we present an automated tool able to choose and configure LPPMs to protect already collected databases while ensuring a trade-off between privacy protection and database processing quality. Second, we present the first formulation of the location privacy challenge in control theory terms (plant and control, disturbance and performance signals), and a feedback controller to serve as a proof of concept. In both cases, design, implementation and validation has been done through experiments using data of real users collected on the field.The surge in data generation of the last decades, the so-called bigdata, has lead to the development of frameworks able to analyze them, such as the well known MapReduce. Advances in computing practices has also settled the cloud paradigms (where low-level resources can be rented to allow the development of higher level application without dealing with consideration such as investment in hardware or maintenance) as premium solution for all kind of users. Ensuring the performances of MapReduce jobs running on clouds is thus a major concern for the big IT companies and their clients. In this work, we develop advanced monitoring techniques of the jobs execution time and the platform availability by tuning the resource cluster size and realizing admission control, in spite of the unpredictable client workload. In order to deal with the non linearities of the MapReduce system, a robust adaptive feedback controller has been designed. To reduce the cluster utilization (leading to massive financial and energetic costs), we present a new event-based triggering mechanism formulation combined with an optimal predictive controller. Evaluation is done on a MapReduce benchmark suite running on a large-scale cluster, and using real jobs workloads
Khedira, Hind. „Mobilités quotidiennes et numérisation des villes : une information à plusieurs vitesses (Lyon, Rabat)“. Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSET004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTraveller information growingly affects everyday life and mobility patterns, as a result of diversifying public transport modes and more individual behaviours. For about fifteen years, these dynamics have gone along with the development of digital traveller information devices and applications, which increase the opportunities for providing multimodal and real-time information. Information provision is often considered as a way of encouraging modal shift in environments strongly supported by car use, but its effect is likely to be mitigated by sociodemographic and socioeconomic variations in information appropriation and use. We conduct a global analysis of the ways of getting information on daily mobility in a context of digitalizing traveller information, with Lyon and Rabat urban areas as case studies. Our analysis is based on a quantitative and qualitative data collected in contrasting areas of each city. We show that traveller information practices are shaped by socio-spatial inequalities in both cities, in the aftermath of mobility and digital practices. However, we pinpoint that inequalities can be explained by different factors in Lyon and Rabat, which sheds light on the urban context as a deciding factor of inequality. Digital information use is rising in both contexts, but far from replacing former traveller information types, we observe a strong complementarity between them, with a high dependency on the trips specific context. Taking into account the broader range of actions set up by citizens to reduce the uncertainties that affect their daily mobility, we highlight that these actions are also determined by inequalities between citizens, in terms of economic resources and time allocated to increase the reliability of their trips. In this respect, digital traveller information can be considered as a way of improving mobility conditions for some citizens, but not all of them, due to the socio-spatial inequalities at the outset that affect its appropriation and use
المعلومات المتعلقة بالتنقل اليومي تمثّل بُعدًا هيكليًا متزايدًا لأنماط الحياة اليومية، وذلك نتيجة لتنويع وسائط النقل العام في التجمعات الحضرية وتفرّد السلوكيات البشرية. وتعتمد هذه الديناميات، منذ خمسة عشر عامًا، على تطوير مصادر المعلومات الرقمية التي توسّع مجال إمكانيات المعلومات الفردية والمتعددة الوسائط وفي الوقت الفعلي. وغالبًا ما تعتبر السلطات العامة المعلومات الرقمية أساسا للتحول النمطي في ظروف تميزت بمعدلات استخدام الأغلبية للسيارات، ومع ذلك، تؤدي هذه المعلومات إلى اختلافات في الاعتمادات الاجتماعية الديموغرافية والاجتماعية الاقتصادية التي قد تحدّ من تأثيرها. كما أنّ الافتقار إلى المعلومات المتعلقة بالتنقل يمكن أن يشكل صعوبة إضافية في الاستفادة من الموارد الحضرية بالنسبة للسكان المتواضعي الحال الذين يعيشون على هامش التجمعات الحضرية. وفي هذا البحث ندرس بشكل شامل طرق التعرف على التنقل اليومي في سياق رقمنة مصادر المعلومات. ولهذه الغاية نتناول بالبحث مدينتي ليون والرباط كنماذج، باعتبارها تجمّعات حضرية تتميز، من خلال برامجها الابتكارية في مجالي النقل والمعلومات المتعلقة بالتنقل، بمستوى عالٍ من الامتداد الحضري وبمعدلات عالية من امتلاك الهواتف المحمولة واستخدام الإنترنت. ولكن المدينتين مختلفتين الواحدة عن الأخرى من حيث أنظمة النقل العام واستخدام السيارات ومستويات المعيشة فيها. ولهذه الغاية نعتمد على عمل ميداني يتكون من دراسة استبيانات ومقابلات قمنا في مناطق مختلفة ومتباينة في هذين التجمّعين الحضريّين. وانطلاقا من هذه المادة، نقوم بتحليل تأثير اختلافات المستوى الاجتماعي والمكاني على ممارسات التنقل والاستخدامات الرقمية المرتبطة بالوصول إلى معلومات التنقل واستخدامها. ثمّ نقوم بعد ذلك بدراسة ممارسات المعلومات المتعلقة بالتنقل، مع توضيح المكانة الخاصة التي تحتلّها المصادر الرقمية ضمن هذه الممارسات. وفي الختام، نقوم بإدخال ممارسات المعلومات ضمن مجموعة الترتيبات التي يتخذها سكان المدن بهدف جعل رحلاتهم اليومية أكثر موثوقية وضمانا. ونبيّن أن ممارسات المعلومات، من خلال ممارسات التنقل والممارسات الرقمية، يحكمها التفاوت الاجتماعي - المكاني التي تؤثر على اعتماد وتبنّي مصادر المعلومات واستخدامها. ونسلط الضوء على البُعد ذي الصلة بعدم المساواة، مع عوامل تفسيرية مختلفة خاصة بكلّ من مدن ليون والرباط. حيث أنّ استخدامات المعلومات الرقمية تتوسع، وتكمّل ولا تُلغي الممارسات السابقة، مع تأثّرها بشكل قوي بسياق التنقّل. ومن خلال وضع المعلومات الرقمية في إطار أوسع، نبيّن أنها مرتبطة هي نفسها بالتفاوت بين الموارد التي يمكن لسكان المدن تكريسها لجعل رحلاتهم أكثر موثوقية. وفي هذا السياق، تَظهر المعلومات الرقمية كوسيلة لتحسين ظروف التنقل لجزء من سكان المدينة، ولكن يجب النظر فيها كمجال مُكمّل لوسائل أخرى للمعلومات مع الأخذ بالاعتبار التفاوت الاجتماعي - المكاني الذي يؤثر على استخدامها
Motte, Benjamin. „La dépendance automobile pour l'accès aux services aux ménages en grande couronne francilienne“. Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010581.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMinster, Clotilde. „L'exception des espaces ruraux français questionnée : des formes de mobilités singulières ?“ Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010597.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis has been prepared in view of the increasing share of the population living in low-density areas, and the related increase in commuting distances (Hubert 2009). The result of the interplay between these factors may well be interpreted as an unsustainable development path, especially due to the supposedly increased level of mobility (DATAR 2003). To contribute to the discussion on these topics, this thesis examines the accessibility of various social services and other facilities, using data from the French facilities database. It then analyzes mobility patterns within the sample population using data of the French national travel survey. The analysis shows a weak influence of space characteristics on mobility behaviours. Following a discussion of possible explanations for the findings, the thesis offers potential directions for public policy to address these issues
Chalouf, Mohamed Aymen. „Offre de service dans les réseaux de nouvelle génération : négociation sécurisée d’un niveau de service de bout en bout couvrant la qualité de service et la sécurité“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13905/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBased on the IP technology, the next generation network (NGN) must overcome the main drawbacks of this technology consisting in the lack of quality of service (QoS), security and mobility management. To ensure a service offer in an NGN, a protocol for negotiating service level can be used. However, most of the existing negotiation protocols allow the establishment of a service level which includes only QoS. As for security and mobility, they were often not covered by these negotiations, and therefore managed independently. However, securing a service can cause degradation of the QoS, and the mobility of a user can change the service needs in terms of QoS and security. Thus, we need to simultaneously manage QoS and security while taking into account user’s mobility. In this context, we propose to develop a signaling protocol that allows fixed and mobile users to negotiate a service level covering both QoS and security, in a dynamic, automatic and secure manner. Our contribution is achieved in three steps. Initially, we rely on a signaling protocol, which performs QoS negotiation using web services, to enable the negotiation of both security and QoS while taking into account the impact of security on QoS. Then, this negotiation is automated by basing it on a user profile. This allows adjusting the service level according to changes which can occur on the user context. Thus, the service offer is more dynamic and can be adapted to changes of access network resulting from the mobility of the user. Finally, we propose to secure the negotiation flows in order to prevent the different attacks that can target the exchanged messages during a negotiation process
Saint-Guillain, Michael. „Models and algorithms for online stochastic vehicle routing problems“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhat will be tomorrow's big cities objectives and challenges? Most of the operational problems from the real world are inherently subject to uncertainty, requiring the decision system to compute new decisions dynamically, as random events occur. In this thesis, we aim at tackling an important growing problem in urban context: online dynamic vehicle routing. Applications of online vehicle routing in the society are manyfold, from intelligent on demand public transportation to sameday delivery services and responsive home healthcare. Given a fleet of vehicles and a set of customers, each being potentially able to request a service at any moment, the current thesis aims at answering the following question. Provided the current state at some moment of the day, which are the best vehicle actions such that the expected number of satisfied requests is maximized by the end of the operational day? How can we minimize the expected average intervention delays of our mobile units? Naturally, most of the requests remain unknown until they appear, hence being revealed online. We assume a stochastic knowledge on each operational problem we tackle, such as the probability that customer request arise at a given location and a given time of the day. By using techniques from operations research and stochastic programming, we are able to build and solve mathematical models that compute near-optimal anticipative actions, such as preventive vehicle relocations, in order to either minimize the overall expected costs or maximize the quality of service. Optimization under uncertainty is definitely not a recent issue. Thanks to evolution of both theoretical and technological tools, our ability to face the unknown constantly grows. However, most of the interesting problems remain extremely hard, if not impossible, to solve. There is still a lot of work. Generally speaking, this thesis explores some fundamentals of optimization under uncertainty. By integrating a stochastic component into the models to be optimized, we will see how it is in fact possible to create anticipation