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Brogan, Paul Vincent, Robert Best, John Morrow, Robin Duncan und Marek Kubik. „Stacking battery energy storage revenues with enhanced service provision“. IET Smart Grid 3, Nr. 4 (03.06.2020): 520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-stg.2018.0255.
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., Nuh, und Sugeng Santoso. „An Uplifted over Logistics Costs Efficiency by the Hub and Spoke System at Cikarang Dry Port“. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, Nr. 7 (19.07.2020): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul084.
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This research aimed to discovered and analyzed those efficiency of logistics costs by hub and spoke system at Cikarang dry port that provides ports which included logistics services with logistics companies and supply chains so it would contributes to reducing logistics costs and dwelling time at Tanjung Priok Port. This research uses Factor Analysis and AHP (Analitycal Hierarchy Process) method as a method to find out all factors which influence most towards logistics performance and how to reduce those logistics costs at Cikarang Dry Port. Factor Analysis result starting from 14 elements into 8 elements which divided into 3 factors such as transportation, administration and inventory costs. The weight of loading and unloading costs is 0.24709, the weight of container costs is 0.20384 and the weighting of stacking fees is 0.14429. So AHP results was obtained from factors and elements of logistics costs Cikarang Dry Port which has most influence are F1 (loading and unloading costs), F6 (custom service fees), F8 (forwarding service costs), F2 (goods inspection service costs), F4 (stacking fees) , F12 (service quality that needs to be improved), F3 (container tariffs), F5 (loading and unloading labor rates).
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Didier, Dorian, und Emmanuelle Schulz. „π-Stacking interactions at the service of [Cu]-bis(oxazoline) recycling“. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 24, Nr. 12 (Juni 2013): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.05.008.
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Molloy, Carly, Meredith O'Connor, Shuaijun Guo, Colleen Lin, Christopher Harrop, Nicholas Perini und Sharon Goldfeld. „Potential of ‘stacking’ early childhood interventions to reduce inequities in learning outcomes“. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, Nr. 12 (05.10.2019): 1078–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212282.
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BackgroundEarly childhood interventions are critical for reducing child health and development inequities. While most research focuses on the efficacy of single interventions, combining multiple evidence-based strategies over the early years of a child’s life may yield greater impact. This study examined the association between exposure to a combination of five evidence-based services from 0 to 5 years on children’s reading at 8–9 years.MethodsData from the nationally representative birth cohort (n=5107) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were utilised. Risk and exposure measures across five services from 0 to 5 years were assessed: antenatal care, nurse home-visiting, early childhood education and care, parenting programme and the early years of school. Children’s reading at 8–9 years was measured using a standardised direct assessment. Linear regression analyses examined the cumulative effect of five services on reading. Interaction terms were examined to determine if the relationship differed as a function of level of disadvantage.ResultsA cumulative benefit effect of participation in more services and a cumulative risk effect when exposed to more risks was found. Each additional service that the child attended was associated with an increase in reading scores (b=9.16, 95% CI=5.58 to 12.75). Conversely, each additional risk that the child was exposed to was associated with a decrease in reading skills (b=−14.03, 95% CI=−16.61 to −11.44). Effects were similar for disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged children.ConclusionThis study supports the potential value of ‘stacking’ early interventions across the early years of a child’s life to maximise impacts on child outcomes.
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Xiao, Ruya, Chen Yu, Zhenhong Li, Chuang Song und Xiufeng He. „General Survey of Large-scale Land Subsidence by GACOS-Corrected InSAR Stacking: Case Study in North China Plain“. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382 (22.04.2020): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-213-2020.
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Abstract. Satellite-based InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) provides an effective way to measure large-scale land surface motions. Currently, the atmospheric phase delay is one of the most critical issues in InSAR deformation monitoring. Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service (GACOS) is a free, globally available and easy-to-implement tool to generate high-resolution zenith total delay maps, which could be used for InSAR atmospheric delay correction. The mean velocity could then be estimated by stacking multiple GACOS-corrected interferograms. We applied the proposed GACOS-corrected InSAR stacking method in the North China Plain and analysed its performance. Within the 549 interferograms, more than 85 % gained positive correction performances. The correlation between the phase-dZTD indicator and the performance reached 0.89, demonstrating a significant relationship. Deformation maps revealed by InSAR stacking with and without GACOS corrections showed that GACOS could mainly remove the topography-related and long wavelength signals.
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Hoang Hai, Tran, Le Huy Hoang und Eui-nam Huh. „Network Anomaly Detection based on Late Fusion of Several Machine Learning Algorithms“. International journal of Computer Networks & Communications 12, Nr. 6 (30.11.2020): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2020.12608.
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Today's Internet and enterprise networks are so popular as they can easily provide multimedia and ecommerce services to millions of users over the Internet in our daily lives. Since then, security has been a challenging problem in the Internet's world. That issue is called Cyberwar, in which attackers can aim or raise Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) to others to take down the operation of enterprises Intranet. Therefore, the need of applying an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is very important to enterprise networks. In this paper, we propose a smarter solution to detect network anomalies in Cyberwar using Stacking techniques in which we apply three popular machine learning models: k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), and Random Decision Forests (RandomForest). Our proposed scheme uses the Logistic Regression method to automatically search for better parameters to the Stacking model. We do the performance evaluation of our proposed scheme on the latest data set NSLKDD 2019 dataset. We also compare the achieved results with individual machine learning models to show that our proposed model achieves much higher accuracy than previous works.
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Rashid, Md Mamunur, Joarder Kamruzzaman, Mohammad Mehedi Hassan, Tasadduq Imam und Steven Gordon. „Cyberattacks Detection in IoT-Based Smart City Applications Using Machine Learning Techniques“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 24 (14.12.2020): 9347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249347.
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In recent years, the widespread deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications has contributed to the development of smart cities. A smart city utilizes IoT-enabled technologies, communications and applications to maximize operational efficiency and enhance both the service providers’ quality of services and people’s wellbeing and quality of life. With the growth of smart city networks, however, comes the increased risk of cybersecurity threats and attacks. IoT devices within a smart city network are connected to sensors linked to large cloud servers and are exposed to malicious attacks and threats. Thus, it is important to devise approaches to prevent such attacks and protect IoT devices from failure. In this paper, we explore an attack and anomaly detection technique based on machine learning algorithms (LR, SVM, DT, RF, ANN and KNN) to defend against and mitigate IoT cybersecurity threats in a smart city. Contrary to existing works that have focused on single classifiers, we also explore ensemble methods such as bagging, boosting and stacking to enhance the performance of the detection system. Additionally, we consider an integration of feature selection, cross-validation and multi-class classification for the discussed domain, which has not been well considered in the existing literature. Experimental results with the recent attack dataset demonstrate that the proposed technique can effectively identify cyberattacks and the stacking ensemble model outperforms comparable models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and F1-Score, implying the promise of stacking in this domain.
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Yin, Zi Qiang, Guang Jun Zhang, Hui Hui Zhao und Lin Wu. „Rapid Manufacturing and Remanufacturing System Based on Robotic GMAW“. Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (Oktober 2010): 1626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.1626.
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This paper describes a novel rapid manufacturing and remanufacturing system based on robotic gas metal arc welding. If worn parts are maintainable, this system play a repairer role; if worn parts are unfit to remain in service, this system play a manufacturer role. This system works in ‘modeling - slicing - stacking’ principle. First, Detecting and building three-dimensional models of damaged zone by structured light. Second, Slicing established three-dimensional model in layers with some thickness. Third, planning robotic tool path to get optimumwelding path and parameters. Finally, executing remanufacturing task with robotic GMAW stacking layer by layer. This system remanufactures parts in human - robot interactive way. Take a half cylinder shell as worn part, experiments are conducted. Results show the mean error of surface smoothness is less than 0.5mm.
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Link, Thomas, Alexander Epishin, Nils Nawrath, Catrina Michel und Mohamed Nazmy. „Dislocation Structures in the Gamma Prime-Phase of CMSX-4 and TMS75 after Degradation under Service Conditions“. Advanced Materials Research 278 (Juli 2011): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.278.25.
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The single crystal superalloys CMSX-4 and TMS75 were tested for very long times at high temperatures in laboratory creep tests and in service. The microstructure was investigated in TEM and SEM. It was found, that the ’-phase is cut at stresses much below the threshold given in literature. Cutting takes place by <110> screw dislocations. These mobile dislocations can be locked locally by a Giamei-lock. Thus a stacking fault dipole forms between the locked segment and the preceding ones. The dipole consists of two supershockley dislocations with 30° character, which are also stabilized by Giamei locks. The dipole formation is analyzed and discussed in detail.
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Trilaksono, Ardhian, und Indung Sudarso. „ANALISIS PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN BONGKAR MUAT BARANG DI PELABUHAN PROBOLINGGO (Studi Kasus PT Delta Arta Bahari Nusantara Cabang Probolinggo)“. JURNAL REKAYASA SISTEM INDUSTRI 6, Nr. 2 (30.05.2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33884/jrsi.v6i2.3678.
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PT Delta Arta Bahari Nusantara is a regional-owned company owned by the East Java region as a loading and unloading operator for the Probolinggo port trying to improve port operation services, one of the efforts that has been made is building port facilities. There is an increase in loading and unloading activities of superior commodities, it is necessary to increase the quality. Efforts to maintain service quality of a company must analyze and serve data and information accordingly from data and measurements, in this case, product suitability and customer satisfaction levels. The purpose of this research is to measure the service quality of PT Delta Arta Bahari Nusantara uses 5 service quality dimensions, the measurement results (gap) between customer perceptions and expectations are evaluated by the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. Furthermore, based on the policy (gap) and QFD, strategies are formulated that must be carried out. The results of the analysis showed that all dimensions resulted in a satisfaction level of "less satisfied" (Gap value between -1.5 to -2.25) which means that in all dimensions of satisfaction, customer service ratings provided by PT Delta Arta Bahari Nusantara is not satisfied with meeting expectations. There are 5 indicators that require immediate improvement. Indicators that require the main priority for improvement are the condition and capacity of the dumping yard as well as the facilities and infrastructure, the layout of the stacking field facilities. Recommendations that can be given by the management are evaluating the maximum capacity with the number of storage for goods to determine the addition of the storage area, making improvements to the layout of the facilities and completing if there are lack of public facilities.
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Klemperer, Simon L. „Seismic noise‐reduction techniques for use with vertical stacking: An empirical comparison“. GEOPHYSICS 52, Nr. 3 (März 1987): 322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442306.
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A systematic comparison of a wide range of noise‐reduction techniques applied to a single data set collected for this purpose was attempted. The study includes a comparison of the relative benefits of noise‐reduction schemes for very different noise levels. The comparisons use computer simulations of field techniques for noise reduction as applied to deep crustal, 48-fold VIBROSEIS® data. The noise‐reduction techniques involve amplitude scaling (diversity stacking and automatic gain control), noise editing (the use of fixed‐gain and self‐updating noise‐rejection systems with and without buffered memory for recursive editing), and reduced numbers of recording bits (mantissa‐only and sign‐bit‐only formats). The effectiveness of each noise‐reduction procedure is assessed by a study of its effects on noise levels seen on source‐point gathers and on both true‐amplitude and amplitude‐balanced common‐midpoint (CMP) stacks. For low levels of ambient noise, true‐amplitude CMP stacks can be substantially improved by the appropriate noise‐reduction techniques, but CMP stacks incorporating gain control before CMP stacking show only minor improvements. In contrast, when a high level of ambient noise is present, both true‐amplitude and gain‐controlled CMP stacks can be greatly improved by appropriate noise‐reduction processing before vertical stacking. Of procedures involving zeroing of noise bursts, self‐updating noise‐rejection systems were more effective than fixed‐gain noise‐rejection systems for all the conditions simulated here. A system incorporating recursive editing techniques is still more effective at low levels of ambient noise, but this system tends to edit recorded traces too severely at very high noise levels. Mantissa‐only and sign‐bit‐only recording give very similar results, and show an effect comparable to that given by self‐updating editing systems. Diversity stacking produced significant noise reduction in all conditions studied, and may be the most widely applicable and most generally useful of the noise‐reduction methods studied here. ®Trade and service mark of Conoco Inc.
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Nurhaliza, Intan, und Dadang Suyadi. „ANALISIS TRUCK ROUND TIME DI LAPANGAN IMPOR DALAM KEGIATAN DELIVERY DI PT. MUSTIKA ALAM LESTARI“. LOGISTIK 13, Nr. 1 (01.04.2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/logistik.v13i1.17656.
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asically, in a activity delivery, the consignee submits SP2 (Container Withdrawal Letter) at the gate, then if it is not in accordance with SP2, it is returned to the consignee, if appropriate, the carried out gate in transaction is, then the consignee can immediately receive the container according to the stacking location listed on SP2 This is intended so that the consignee can quickly dispense the container from the stacking field and the truck does not need to be lingering in the container terminal. The optimal time required for adequate service, fast service levels greatly affect the optimal Truck Round Time inactivities delivery. The faster the Round Time Truck, the more optimal process delivery and vice versa, from observations, the authors found a problem that one of the containers to be taken by the consignee was not in accordance with the location listed in SP2 because it had undergone a change in position that was not updated by field officers and high delivery and activities chunk of the ship. At the end of this paper, the authors conclude several dominant factors causing the length of time needed by the consignee to take the container, namely the lack of discipline of field officers to renew the latest container position, the height of Yard Occupancy Ratio (YOR) and concurrently the time of activities delivery with time off from the ship. In addition, the author also included a number of suggestions to the terminal on the factors that slowed activities delivery. It is expected that this suggestion can be useful for improvement of the conditions that already exist today.
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Peel, Derrell S. „115 The Beef Industry in a Post-Pandemic World“. Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (01.05.2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.070.
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Abstract The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 caused unprecedented shocks and disruptions in the cattle and beef industry. The shutdown of food service in March 2020 caused an unparalleled stacking of food demand on the retail grocery sector. The rigidity and specialized nature of food service and retail grocery supply chains, compounded by a surge in consumer demand at retail grocery, resulted in temporary shortages of meat in other consumer products in supermarkets. The food service sector recovered somewhat over many weeks but remained diminished through the balance of 2020 and beyond. In April 2020, COVID-19 infections affected the labor forces of many meat packing and processing facilities and resulted in significant reductions in beef packing and further processing for eight to twelve weeks. This caused additional product shortages in retail grocery and food service sectors. These impacts have raised many questions about how the beef industry might adapt to be more resilient in the face of such profound disruptions. Possible changes include more use of multi-purpose facilities (less specialized for food service or retail grocery supply chains); design changes in new plants and retrofitting existing facilities to reduce human health impacts; changes in labor management; changes in inventory management; and changes in business supply chain management and risk assessment practices.
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Suherman, Yanni. „Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Terhadap Kinerja Pelayanan, Sirkulasi Buku Dan Pengolahan Arsip“. Jurnal Sains dan Informatika 4, Nr. 1 (15.04.2018): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jsi.v4i1.3371.
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Research conducted at the Office of Archives and Library of Padang Pariaman Regency aims to find out the data processing system library and data archiving. All data processing is done is still very manual by using the document in writing and there is also a stacking of archives on the service. By utilizing library information systems and archives that will be applied to the Office of Archives and Library of Padang Pariaman Regency can improve the quality of service that has not been optimal. This research was made by using System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is better known as waterfall method. The first step taken on this method is to go directly to the field by conducting interviews and discussions. This information system will be able to assist the work of officers in terms of data processing libraries and facilitate in search data archives by presenting reports more accurate, effective and efficient.
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Hetrick, Dakota R., Seyed Hamid Reza Sanei, Omar Ashour und Charles E. Bakis. „Charpy impact energy absorption of 3D printed continuous Kevlar reinforced composites“. Journal of Composite Materials 55, Nr. 12 (05.01.2021): 1705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320985596.
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Additive manufacturing (AM) has been used widely to produce three-dimensional (3D) parts from computer-aided design (CAD) software. Traditional Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printed polymer parts lack the necessary strength to be used for functional parts in service. The potential of printing continuous fiber reinforced composites has resulted in parts with better mechanical properties and enhanced performance. Very few studies have investigated the impact energy absorption of continuous fiber reinforced 3 D printed composites. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of different fiber patterns (unidirectional versus concentric), different stacking patterns (consolidated versus alternating layers), and fiber orientations (0°, 90°, 45°) on the impact energy absorption of 3 D printed continuous Kevlar fiber reinforced Onyx composites. Charpy impact testing was used to determine the impact energy absorption of the specimens. It was concluded that alternating the fiber and matrix layers as opposed to consolidating all the fiber layers in the center of the specimen results in lower impact energy absorption. Additionally, the specimens with unidirectional 90° fiber orientation had the lowest impact energy absorption among the specimens with alternating stacking pattern and those with consolidated [Formula: see text]45° angle-ply fiber orientations had the highest impact energy absorption.
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Qiao, Ling, Tao Han, Hong Tao Wang, Lai Hui Han und Shi Wei Gu. „Microscopic Study on Mechanical Properties of Different Microregions during In-Service Welding“. Materials Science Forum 944 (Januar 2019): 841–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.841.
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In-service welding has been gaining considerable attentions due to its significant economic benefits. At high temperature, several technical difficulties exist during repair process and burn-through has been one of the critical issues. To reveal the physical nature of burn-through, finite element simulation and molecular dynamics simulation are combined to investigate the micro dynamic properties of different micro regions in welded joint and the effect of crack on the microdynamic behavior in the process of material failure. The results indicate that burn-through is a failure process under the effect of tensile stress and high temperature. The performance near fusion line is the worst and a burn-through tends to occur at the regions behind maximum melting depth. The failure process of welded joints experience the initiation and development of micro defects. Continuous expansion of micro holes and micro cracks causes the structural fracture. Furthermore, the micro crack would decrease the structural strength and the failure mode differs for cracks in different direction. Failure process of crack structure has experienced the crack tip passivation and dislocation emission. And the formation of stacking fault is carried out in failure process. This paper reveals the microscopic mechanism of burn-through at the atomic level and provides a scientific basis for the continuous and safe operation of gas pipelines.
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Chen, Yen-Hung, Yuan-Cheng Lai, Pi-Tzong Jan und Ting-Yi Tsai. „A Spatiotemporal-Oriented Deep Ensemble Learning Model to Defend Link Flooding Attacks in IoT Network“. Sensors 21, Nr. 4 (03.02.2021): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041027.
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(1) Background: Link flooding attacks (LFA) are a spatiotemporal attack pattern of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) that arranges bots to send low-speed traffic to backbone links and paralyze servers in the target area. (2) Problem: The traditional methods to defend against LFA are heuristic and cannot reflect the changing characteristics of LFA over time; the AI-based methods only detect the presence of LFA without considering the spatiotemporal series attack pattern and defense suggestion. (3) Methods: This study designs a deep ensemble learning model (Stacking-based integrated Convolutional neural network–Long short term memory model, SCL) to defend against LFA: (a) combining continuous network status as an input to represent “continuous/combination attacking action” and to help CNN operation to extract features of spatiotemporal attack pattern; (b) applying LSTM to periodically review the current evolved LFA patterns and drop the obsolete ones to ensure decision accuracy and confidence; (c) stacking System Detector and LFA Mitigator module instead of only one module to couple with LFA detection and mediation at the same time. (4) Results: The simulation results show that the accuracy rate of SCL successfully blocking LFA is 92.95%, which is 60.81% higher than the traditional method. (5) Outcomes: This study demonstrates the potential and suggested development trait of deep ensemble learning on network security.
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Partovi Meran, Ahmad, und Ata Muğan. „Design and analysis of a hydraulic–elastic railcar buffer“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, Nr. 7 (06.02.2018): 1994–2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718755188.
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This paper presents a study on the development of a side buffer to absorb the impact energy of colliding railcars. Buffers are essential elements for improving the traveling comfort of passengers and extending the service life of a wagon chassis. In designing the buffer’s energy absorption characteristics, a combination of a hydraulic damper and a stack of disc springs (Belleville springs) were utilized. Disc springs have nonlinear load–deflection characteristics; by stacking them in series and parallel arrangements, the desired load–deflection characteristics can be achieved. The finite element method was employed to evaluate the performance of the designed buffer in terms of force–stroke and kinetic, strain, and viscous energies for 5, 7, and 9 km/h impact velocities. Simulation results proved that the designed buffer ensures the requirements of EN 15551 easily for various collision speeds. Low level of acceleration values and small peak collision forces proved that the proposed buffer has superior performance in comparison with the existing buffers in service by improving the shock absorption and crashworthiness features of railcars.
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Muir, D. E., H. I. H. Saravanamuttoo und D. J. Marshall. „Health Monitoring of Variable Geometry Gas Turbines for the Canadian Navy“. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, Nr. 2 (01.04.1989): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240243.
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The Canadian Department of National Defence has identified a need for improved Engine Health Monitoring procedures for the new Canadian Patrol Frigate (CPF). The CPF propulsion system includes two General Electric LM2500 gas turbines, a high-pressure-ratio engine with multiple stages of compressor variable geometry. A general method for predicting the thermodynamic performance of variable geometry axial compressors has been developed. The new modeling technique is based on a meanline stage-stacking analysis and relies only on the limited performance data typically made available by engine manufacturers. The method has been applied to the LM2500-30 marine gas turbine and the variations in engine performance that can result from a malfunction of the variable geometry system in service have been estimated.
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Harik, Vasyl Michael. „Control of Damage in Composite Laminates by Ply-Stacking Designs: Characteristic Failure Signatures and Safety Criteria“. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, Nr. 4 (22.09.2003): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1605771.
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Structural designs for composite laminated systems can be optimized for a fail-safe in-service performance by introducing the built-in cumulative-damage-indicators for the progressive degradation of material properties. This design methodology is based on the concepts of the characteristic failure signature (CFS), cumulative-damage states and a load-drop sequence that characterize the stress-strain response and progressive accumulation of damage. The cumulative damage mechanics is based on the three-dimensional laminate analysis that is used to predict nonlinear response of composites, accumulation of damage and failure behavior. An earlier-developed nonlinear analysis involves an incremental formulation that couples the three-dimensional laminate analysis with a progressive ply-failure methodology, which has been tested in the World-Wide Exercise on Composites Failure Theories. The failure signatures are shown to have unique “safety features” that depend on the ply stacking sequence and predominant loading. To refine the analysis of micromechanical damage a model for the macro-to-micro coupling is introduced. Various examples of failure envelopes, characteristic failure signatures, a safety criterion and the “safe” CFSs that lead to the desired controlled failures are discussed for symmetric balanced laminates.
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Marchgraber, Jürgen, und Wolfgang Gawlik. „Dynamic Prioritization of Functions during Real-Time Multi-Use Operation of Battery Energy Storage Systems“. Energies 14, Nr. 3 (28.01.2021): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030655.
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Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) based on Li-Ion technology are considered to be one of the providers of services in the future power system. Although prices for Li-Ion batteries are falling continuously, it is still difficult to achieve profitability from a single service today. Multi-use operation of BESS in order to reach a so-called “value-stacking” of services therefore is a hotly debated topic in literature, since such an operation holds the potential to increase profitability dramatically. The multi-use operation of a BESS can be divided into two parts: the operational planning phase and the real-time operation. While the operational planning phase has been examined in many studies, there seems to be a lack of discussion for the real-time operation. This paper therefore tries to address the topic of the real-time operation in more detail. For this reason, this paper discusses concepts for implementing a real-time multi-use operation and introduces the novel concept of dynamic prioritization, which allows resolving conflicts of services. Besides the ability to cope with abnormal grid conditions, this concept also holds potential for a better utilization of resources during normal grid conditions. A mathematical framework is used to describe several services and their interaction, taking into account the concept of dynamic prioritization. Several applications are presented in order to demonstrate the behavior of the concept during normal and abnormal grid conditions. These applications are simulated in Matlab/Simulink for specific events and in the form of long-time simulations.
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Wang, Bin, Shi-dong Fan, Pan Jiang, Han-hua Zhu, Ting Xiong, Wei Wei und Zhen-long Fang. „A Novel Method with Stacking Learning of Data-Driven Soft Sensors for Mud Concentration in a Cutter Suction Dredger“. Sensors 20, Nr. 21 (26.10.2020): 6075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216075.
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The dredger construction environment is harsh, and the mud concentration meter can be damaged from time to time. To ensure that the dredger can continue construction operations when the mud concentration meter is damaged, the development of a dredger with advantages of low price and simple operation that can be used in emergency situations is essential. The characteristic spare mud concentration meter is particularly critical. In this study, a data-driven soft sensor method is proposed that can predict the mud concentration in real time and can mitigate current marine mud concentration meter malfunctions, which affects continuous construction. This sensor can also replace the mud concentration meter when the construction is stable, thereby extending its service life. The method is applied to two actual construction cases, and the results show that the stacking generalization (SG) model has a good prediction effect in the two cases, and its goodness of fit R2 values are as high as 0.9774 and 0.9919, indicating that this method can successfully detect the mud concentration.
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Yu, Gang, Shuang Zhang, Min Hu und Y. Ken Wang. „Prediction of Highway Tunnel Pavement Performance Based on Digital Twin and Multiple Time Series Stacking“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (28.11.2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8824135.
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The existing pavement performance prediction methods are limited to single-factor predictions, which often face the challenges of high cost, low efficiency, and poor accuracy. It is difficult to simultaneously solve the temporal, spatial, and exogenous dependencies between pavement performance data and maintenance, the service life of highways, the environment, and other factors. Digital twin technology based on the building information modeling (BIM) model, combined with machine learning, puts forward a new perspective and method for the accurate and timely prediction of pavement performance. In this paper, we propose a highway tunnel pavement performance prediction approach based on a digital twin and multiple time series stacking (MTSS). This paper (1) establishes an MTSS prediction model with heterogeneous stacking of eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), the artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), ridge regression, and support vector regression (SVR) component learners after exploratory data analysis (EDA); (2) proposes a method based on multiple time series feature extraction to accurately predict the pavement performance change trend, using the highway segment as the minimum computing unit and considering multiple factors; (3) uses grid search with the k-fold cross validation method to optimize hyperparameters to ensure the robustness, stability, and generalization ability of the prediction model; and (4) constructs a digital twin for pavement performance prediction to realize the real-time dynamic evolution of prediction. The method proposed in this study is applied in the life cycle management of the Dalian highway-crossing tunnel in Shanghai, China. A dataset covering 2010–2019 is collected for real-time prediction of the pavement performance. The prediction accuracy evaluation shows that the mean absolute error (MAE) is 0.1314, the root mean squared error (RMSE) is 0.0386, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 5.10%, and the accuracy is 94.90%. Its overall performance is better than a single model. The results verify that the prediction method based on digital twin and MTSS is feasible and effective in the highway tunnel pavement performance prediction.
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Allende-Seco, Rodrigo, Alfredo Artigas, Héctor Bruna, Linton Carvajal, Alberto Monsalve und María Florencia Sklate-Boja. „Hardening by Transformation and Cold Working in a Hadfield Steel Cone Crusher Liner“. Metals 11, Nr. 6 (15.06.2021): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060961.
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This paper presents the characterization of a secondary cone crusher concave liner made of Hadfield steel used in Chilean mining after crushing copper minerals during all service life. During use, a cone crusher concave liner suffers indentation (cold working) and abrasion; this combination provides the concave with a layer that constantly renews itself, maintaining a surface highly resistant to abrasive wear. The results presented here were obtained using optical microscopy, microhardness test, measuring abrasion using the dry sand/rubber wheel apparatus, and x-ray diffraction peaks analysis through the classic Williamson–Hall method. After analysis of results, two hardened surfaces have been found—one a product of heat treatment and the other due to deformation during use. This work proposes ways to explain them; the first one uses a thermodynamic model to calculate stacking fault energy, and the second compares the liner with cold-rolled samples.
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Rashed, M. G., Mahmud Ashraf und Paul Jonathan Hazell. „Manufacturing Issues and the Resulting Complexity in Modeling of Additively Manufactured Metallic Microlattices“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 853 (September 2016): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.853.394.
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Although metallic microlattice material is a sought after research topic currently, it suffers from manufacturing defects such as micro-voids formation due to missed fusion, stemmed from the stacking-layered-fused nature of the metal powder in Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) process. These defects result in weakening of the finished part and reduced mechanical performance under service load, possibly leading to low fatigue strength, and raise serious question about 3D printed structural integrity. Numerical simulation of the built parts also becomes difficult due to irregular physical properties including geometry and anisotropic nature of mechanical properties. This paper provides an overview on the manufacturing issues and the subsequent hurdle faced in numerical simulation of metallic microlattices. While the issues in manufacturing are related to emerging additive manufacturing techniques and out of control of end users, it has been suggested that the limitations in numerical simulation can be overcome by employing advanced approaches, in both physical properties measurement and modeling.
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Kim, Young Myung, und Ha Yoon Song. „Finding Location Visiting Preference from Personal Features with Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques and Hyperparameter Optimization“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 13 (28.06.2021): 6001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136001.
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For the question regarding the relationship between personal factors and location selection, many researches support the effect of personal features for personal location favorite. However, it is also found that not all of personal factors are effective for location selection. In this research, only distinguished personal features excluding meaningless features are used in order to predict visiting ratio of specific location categories by using three different machine learning techniques: Random Forest, XGBoost, and Stacking. Through our research, the accuracy of prediction of visiting ratio to a specific location regarding personal features are analyzed. Personal features and visited location data had been collected by tens of volunteers for this research. Different machine learning methods showed very similar tendency in prediction accuracy. As well, precision of prediction is improved by application of hyperparameter optimization which is a part of AutoML. Applications such as location based service can utilize our result in a way of location recommendation and so on.
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Nutor, Raymond Kwesi, Qingping Cao, Ran Wei, Qingmei Su, Gaohui Du, Xiaodong Wang, Fushan Li, Dongxian Zhang und Jian-Zhong Jiang. „A dual-phase alloy with ultrahigh strength-ductility synergy over a wide temperature range“. Science Advances 7, Nr. 34 (August 2021): eabi4404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abi4404.
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High-entropy alloys (HEAs), as an emerging class of materials, have pointed a pathway in developing alloys with interesting property combinations. Although they are not exempted from the strength-ductility trade-off, they present a standing chance in overcoming this challenge. Here, we report results for a precipitation-strengthening strategy, by tuning composition to design a CoNiV-based face-centered cubic/B2 duplex HEA. This alloy sustains ultrahigh gigapascal-level tensile yield strengths and excellent ductility from cryogenic to elevated temperatures. The highest specific yield strength (~150.2 MPa·cm3/g) among reported ductile HEAs is obtained. The ability of the alloy presented here to sustain this excellent strength-ductility synergy over a wide temperature range is aided by multiple deformation mechanisms i.e., twins, stacking faults, dynamic strain aging, and dynamic recrystallization. Our results open the avenue for designing precipitation-strengthened lightweight HEAs with advanced strength-ductility combinations over a wide service temperature range.
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Cluver, Lucie, Marija Pantelic, Elona Toska, Mark Orkin, Marisa Casale, Nontuthuzelo Bungane und Lorraine Sherr. „STACKing the odds for adolescent survival: health service factors associated with full retention in care and adherence amongst adolescents living with HIV in South Africa“. Journal of the International AIDS Society 21, Nr. 9 (September 2018): e25176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25176.
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Robertson, Morgan, Todd K. BenDor, Rebecca Lave, Adam Riggsbee, JB Ruhl und Martin Doyle. „Stacking ecosystem services“. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12, Nr. 3 (April 2014): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/110292.
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Hartati, Misra, Ahmad Kurniawan, Melfa Yola und Merry Siska. „Perancangan Perbaikan Pelayanan Bongkar Muat Dermaga X Dengan Menggunakan Extend Simulasi“. Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Industri 8, Nr. 1 (30.04.2019): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jrsi.v8i1.3217.19-26.
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Large-scale logistics companies deliver products using sea transportation effectively. Company X as one of the pioneer port containers service still has limitations both from minimal stacking capacity and limited equipment, 1 HMC unit and 1 unit reach adapter. The number of containers increases from 2014-2017, but the availability of tools and facilities that needed continue to cause overcapacity problem. This paper aims to determine the yard occupancy ratio (YOR), berth occupancy ratio (BOR) and utility equipment that are in accordance with the standards to prevent overcapacity at port X until 2020. This study uses extend simulation method to make improvements and analysis of conditions that running, the results of the study are recommendations for the addition of 2 units of transport and the addition of reach units of 2 units. For the YOR value, additional capacity from 2,046 TEUs was made to 3,800 TEUs so that the initial maximum YOR was 139.8% to 75.3%, while BOR still in maximum BOR capacity which is 24.0%.Keywords: Container, Discrete Event Simulation, ExtendSim, Port
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Fan, Fulin, Giorgio Zorzi, David Campos-Gaona, Graeme Burt, Olimpo Anaya-Lara, John Nwobu und Ander Madariaga. „Sizing and Coordination Strategies of Battery Energy Storage System Co-Located with Wind Farm: The UK Perspective“. Energies 14, Nr. 5 (06.03.2021): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051439.
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The rapid development and growth of battery storage have heightened an interest in the co-location of battery energy storage systems (BESS) with renewable energy projects which enables the stacking of multiple revenue streams while reducing connection charges of BESS. To help wind energy industries better understand the coordinated operation of BESS and wind farms and its associated profits, this paper develops a simulation model to implement a number of coordination strategies where the BESS supplies enhanced frequency response (EFR) service and enables the time shift of wind generation based on the UK perspective. The proposed model also simulates the degradation of Lithium-Ion battery and incorporates a state of charge (SOC) dependent limit on the charge rate derived from a constant current-constant voltage charging profile. In addition, a particle swarm optimisation-based battery sizing algorithm is developed here on the basis of the simulation model to determine the optimal size of the co-located BESS along with SOC-related strategy variables that maximise the net present value of the wind + BESS system at the end of the EFR contract.
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Suda, M., K. Muranaka, S. Ohde und M. Minoda. „AB1132 EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED FASCIA HYDRORELEASE ON METATARSALGIA WITHOUT SONOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF INFLAMMATION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.“ Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (Juni 2020): 1855.1–1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3864.
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Background:Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint involvement sometimes complain metatarsalgia without active sonographic inflammation1. Treatment of non-inflammatory metatarsalgia in RA is challenging and the pain sometimes lasts for years even though systemic inflammation completely resolves. On the other hand, intervention to fascia has increasingly attracted attention as a management of non-inflammatory pain2. Recently, we have invented a new technique called ultrasound-guided fascia hydrorelease (UGFHR), which injects fluid into “stacking fascia” (defined as high echoic and thickened fascia, often adhering to adjacent structures), making it unglued and instantaneously improving fascial pain.Objectives:This study is aiming for prospective evaluation of effectiveness and safety of UGFHR on metatarsalgia in patients with RA.Methods:We enrolled consecutive 11 patients with RA who came to rheumatology service in Suwa Central Hospital and satisfied the following inclusion and exclusion criteria:Inclusion criteria were having at least one MTP joint pain on which the patient has tenderness on the extensor side.Exclusion criteria were positive inflammation with ultrasound evaluation (defined as gray scale (GS) ≥2 and/or power doppler scale (PDS) ≥1) or having other cause of pain such as intermetacarpal bursitis, Morton’s neuroma.The patients received UGFHR on the fascia between the MTP joint capsule and the extensor tendon of the toe. We first searched for the stacking fascia between the two structures using ultrasound with longitudinal view of the extensor side of the MTP joint, and injected 2ml of normal saline into the stacking fascia, making it unglued (Fig. 1). If there was no stacking fascia, we injected on the fascia where the joint capsule and the extensor tendon became closest.Figure 1.The procedure of ultrasound-guided fascia hydrorelease (UGFHR)Numeric rating scale (NRS) of pain on walking and tenderness on the target MTP joint was measured on 3 occasions: before, immediately after, and one week after the UGFHR. Adverse events were also recorded.The data were analyzed longitudinally, using Friedman test.Results:The characteristics of the patients are shown in table 1. Female gender was dominant. Most of them were established RA. Simplified disease activity index (SDAI) were variable.Table 1.The characteristics of the 11 patients.The changes in NRS from before to immediately after and one week after the UGFHR are described in figure 2.Figure 2.The changes in NRS.Pain on walking and tenderness on the target joint both significantly decreased immediately after the procedure (ΔNRS from before to immediately after the UGFHR: -3.45 (95% confidence interval (CI) -2.32 to -4.59, p=<.01) and -2.45 (95% CI -1.32 to -3.59, p=<.01) respectively), and the change was maintained until one week after the UGFHR (ΔNRS from before to one week after the UGFHR: -3.09 (95% CI -1.77 to -4.42, p=<.01) and -3.27 (95% CI -1.80 to -4.75, p=<.01) respectively.In terms of safety, 7 out of 11 patients complained injection pain, all of which did not last for a week. Otherwise, there was no adverse event such as infection, nerve injury, bleeding, or tendon rupture.Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided fascia hydrorelease on MTP joint can be an effective and safe treatment option in patients with RA who have metatarsalgia but no sonographic evidence of MTP inflammation.References:[1]Garrigues, Florent, et al. “Concordance between clinical and ultrasound findings in rheumatoid arthritis.” Joint Bone Spine80.6 (2013): 597-603.[2]Kurosawa, Ayato, Tadashi Kobayashi, and Hirofumi Namiki. “Ultrasound-Guided Dry Needling for Abnormal Fascia Between the Deltoid Muscle and the Supraspinatus Tendon.” Pain Medicine (2019).Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Chhorn, Buntheng, und WooYoung Jung. „Effects of Elliptical Hole on the Correlation of Natural Frequency with Buckling Load of Basalt Laminates Composite Plates“. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 27, Nr. 1 (11.07.2020): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2020-0021.
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AbstractRecently, basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) is acknowledged as an outstanding material for the strengthening of existing concrete structure, especially it was being used in marine vehicles, aerospace, automotive and nuclear engineering. Most of the structures were subjected to severe dynamic loading during their service life that may induce vibration of the structures. However, free vibration studied on the basalt laminates composite plates with elliptical cut-out and correlation of natural frequency with buckling load has been very limited. Therefore, effects of the elliptical hole on the natural frequency of basalt/epoxy composite plates was performed in this study. Effects of stacking sequence (θ), elliptical hole inclination (ϕ), hole geometric ratio (a/b) and position of the elliptical hole were considered. The numerical modeling of free vibration analysis was based on the mechanical properties of BFRP obtained from the experiment. The natural frequencies as well as mode shapes of basalt laminates composite plates were numerically determined using the commercial program software (ABAQUS). Then, the determination of correlation of natural frequencies with buckling load was carried out. Results showed that elliptical hole inclination and fiber orientation angle induced the inverse proportion between natural frequency and buckling load.
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Agus Triati, Rachmah, und Henita Rahmayanti. „ANALISIS ANTRIAN PADA PELAYANAN ALAT RTG DI LAPANGAN PENUMPUKAN TERMINAL BERLIAN (PT BERLIAN JASA TERMINAL INDONESIA)“. LOGISTIK 13, Nr. 1 (01.04.2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/logistik.v13i1.17651.
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This final task report aims to determine the model of the container queue at the diamond Terminal, as well as the graduation requirement of the Jakarta State University management course. From the calculation results of the system performance of the queue in the field of stacking the diamond terminal shows that the busiest month occurred in May with the number of containers arrival as much as 8199 boxes and the arrival of the most deserted containers occurred in the month June with a number of containers as much as 5332 boxes. The probability calculation results are not contained in the system queuing occurring in February and may by 0%. It shows the busyness of the RTG tool reaches 100% and the percentage of the most small bustle of the RTG tool in April and June by 20% showing the most lonely conditions in the queue system in the field of diamond buildup. The high level of arrival of containers in addition to the complexity of the diamond buildup field that eventually exceeded the capacity limit of the RTG tool thus giving rise to an imbalance between the arrival rate and the service level of the diamond terminal.
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Gupta, Shakti Kumar, DK Sharma, Amit Lathwal, Sanjay Kumar Arya und Mukunda Chandra Sahoo. „Study of the Traffic Management System at an Apex Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital and Recommendations for Improvement“. International Journal of Research Foundation of Hospital and Healthcare Administration 3, Nr. 2 (2015): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10035-1046.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Hospital parking services often represent the very first contact patients and visitors have with our hospital and to make a positive perception of our hospital, we need ample patient and visitor parking. Over last decade, there has been a quantum increase in workload by 6 to 7 times and a corresponding increase in the number of vehicles entering the tertiary care teaching hospital premises. Aim of traffic management at tertiary care hospital is to decongest, improve and smoothen traffic by advocating lane discipline, platooning, signal lights, parking, footpaths, reducing the number of private vehicles, efficient public transport, car pooling, etc. Aims and objective To study vehicular traffic management system at a Apex Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. Methodology This was done by survey of the area and observation of traffic flow and its measurement. The data, thus, collected were analyzed and based on the analysis an action plan was drawn. Conclusion As regards parking arrangements at the tertiary care teaching hospital are concerned, there is a need to create integrated parking lots on surface as well as basement of the buildings for parking of approximately 7600 vehicles which will also take into account the future needs. These parking lots should also include multilevel intelligent parking system with a computerized system of lifts stacking each car in a berth, and thus reducing the need for parking and service personnel. How to cite this article Sahoo MC, Gupta SK, Sharma DK, Arya SK, Lathwal A. Study of the Traffic Management System at an Apex Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital and Recommendations for Improvement. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2015;3(2):110-113.
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Yin, Zi Qiang, Guang Jun Zhang, Hui Hui Zhao, Ning Guo und Chuan Bao Jia. „Prediction of Weld Bead Geometry for Robotic GMAW Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing“. Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.733.
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This paper concentrates on direct rapid prototyping and manufacturing (RP&M) of functional metallic parts. Robotic gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is employed in this “Slicing & Stack” principle RP&M system. It is indicated that surface smoothness is a critical factor to affects the performance of RP & M products. In order to improve surface smoothness of product, the RP & M system must decrease stack error during stacking in each layer. This investigation establishes relationships between welding parameters and weld bead geometry. First, a rational welding parameters range is determined according to preliminary experiments. Then, quadric orthogonal regression rotational combination experiments scheme is proposed to predict width and height of weld bead. The width and height in regression results are expressed in the form of quadratic equations by welding parameters. Significance test results show that the two quadratic equations are both significant. According to the established relationships, users can easily predict width and height of weld bead when welding parameters are given. Whereas when the given condition is weld bead geometry, optimum welding parameters can also be determined by importing boundary condition according to users’ requirement or the service environment of parts. Experiment results indicate that prediction errors of width and height are both less than 3%.
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Priya, M., und M. Rajeshwari. „A Data Mining Approach for Intrusion Detection in a Computer Network“. Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 8, S1 (05.02.2019): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2019.8.s1.1942.
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As activities being done on the internet keep expanding every day due to the fact that we are in the era of the information age, securing sensitive and crucial data on computer networks against malicious attacks tends to be a challenging issue. Designing effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) with maximized accuracy and low rate of false alarms is an imperative need in the world of cyber-attacks. This work was designed to employ an ensemble data mining technique for improving IDSs by carrying out some experiments using the KDD 99 intrusion dataset. Dataset was fragmented into five, representing the major categories of attacks: Normal, DOS (Denial of Service), Probing (Information gathering), R2L (Remote to Local) and U2R (User to Root). An ensemble classifier using the Stacking method with the Naïve Bayes and Multilayer perceptron algorithms as the base classifiers and J48 as the meta learner was developed. The base classifiers were also employed on the dataset individually, and performance comparison was done between individual classifiers and the ensemble classifier. A 10-fold cross validation for training and testing of data and Gain ratio technique for filtering of the dataset was adopted. Ensemble classifier maximized accuracy the most and helped in reduction of false positives of the U2R attack type.
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Xing, Guoliang, Hao Gao, Qi Cao, Xinyu Yue, Bingbing Xu, Keting Cen und Huawei Shen. „User Profiling for CSDN: Keyphrase Extraction, User Tagging and User Growth Value Prediction: First-place Entry for User Profiling Technology Evaluation Campaign in SMP Cup 2017“. Data Intelligence 1, Nr. 2 (Mai 2019): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00015.
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The Chinese Software Developer Network (CSDN) is one of the largest information technology communities and service platforms in China. This paper describes the user profiling for CSDN, an evaluation track of SMP Cup 2017. It contains three tasks: (1) user document keyphrase extraction, (2) user tagging and (3) user growth value prediction. In the first task, we treat keyphrase extraction as a classification problem and train a Gradient-Boosting-Decision-Tree model with comprehensive features. In the second task, to deal with class imbalance and capture the interdependency between classes, we propose a two-stage framework: (1) for each class, we train a binary classifier to model each class against all of the other classes independently; (2) we feed the output of the trained classifiers into a softmax classifier, tagging each user with multiple labels. In the third task, we propose a comprehensive architecture to predict user growth value. Our contributions in this paper are summarized as follows: (1) we extract various types of features to identify the key factors in user value growth; (2) we use the semi-supervised method and the stacking technique to extend labeled data sets and increase the generality of the trained model, resulting in an impressive performance in our experiments. In the competition, we achieved the first place out of 329 teams.
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Santos, Mário, Jaime Santos, Paulo Reis und Ana Amaro. „Ultrasonic C-scan techniques for the evaluation of impact damage in CFRP“. Materials Testing 63, Nr. 2 (01.02.2021): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0020.
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Abstract In the present work, different ultrasonic C-scan approaches were used to evaluate Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) submitted to impacts of low energy, in order to evaluate their effectiveness for the detection and characterization of small defects. In particular, as to the question how useful could be the air-coupled C-scan approach, using low frequencies, for in-service application. For that goal, several samples with different stacking sequences and thicknesses were impacted with 1.5 and 3 J. Then, ultrasonic C-scan images were produced by immersion pulse-echo (in amplitude and time-of-flight (TOF)) and immersion through-transmission, and also by air-coupling through-transmission. The immersion C-scan images were produced using 5, 10 and 20 MHz probes and the air-coupled C-scan was made using two 400 kHz probes. The obtained images for the considered samples show that all used methods are able to detect the defects and give acceptable information about their size and shape. However, if the way of delamination evolving over thickness is of interest, the images by TOF should be used. As expected, good image resolution with sharp contour defects require high frequencies. Nevertheless, the air-coupled C-scan demonstrated similar capabilities to detect defects, with the advantage that the coupling medium is air, thus widening the range of applications, such as real-time damage monitoring of composite structures. As a disadvantage, the air C-scan system requires high power emission signals, and also great amplification of the received signals, to face the considerable attenuation in the air.
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Morrall, John. „Cross-section elements to accommodate passing lanes and vehicle storage during avalanche control for the Trans-Canada Highway in Rogers Pass“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, Nr. 2 (01.04.1991): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-024.
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The two basic problems facing the Trans-Canada Highway through Rogers Pass, namely the winter problem of adequate vehicle storage areas during avalanche control and the summer problem of maintaining an acceptable level of service by ensuring adequate passing opportunities, may be linked through a common denominator — passing lanes. This paper presents the findings of a recently completed study of the Trans-Canada Highway through Mount Revelstoke and Glacier National Park. The study method is based on the fact that traffic flow characteristics, highway conditions, and operational requirements vary considerably from season to season. Thus, the analysis was broken into two parts, namely a separate analysis of winter and summer conditions. A traffic simulation model was used to determine those locations that could serve as potential sites for passing lanes during summer. The traffic simulation model developed for the passing lane analysis utilized files that describe road geometry, summer traffic flow and composition, and vehicle performance. A separate simulation model was developed to determine vehicle storage requirements of ponding areas during avalanche control. The model developed for winter traffic characteristics also provided the basis for a flexible traffic management strategy. Cross-section elements were developed to accommodate an auxiliary lane to be used as a passing lane in summer and as a parking lane to increase the capacity of ponding areas during avalanche control in winter. Design requirements called for triple stacking of vehicles in ponding areas during avalanche control. To accommodate design year traffic volumes at an acceptable level of service during the summer months, 12 passing lanes totalling 23 km in length were recommended. Six ponding areas, totalling 4 km in length, are coincident with four of the passing lane locations. The paper concludes with a general discussion on the benefits of linking traffic simulation with geometric design to demonstrate how the design life of rural two-lane highways can be extended by the use of low-cost operational improvements such as passing lanes. Key words: highway planning and engineering, two-lane highways traffic management during avalanche stabilization, passing lanes, cross-section elements, Trans-Canada Highway.
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Hong, Seung Chan, Jung Ryul Lee, See Yenn Chong und Chan Yik Park. „Effect of Laser Pulse Fatigue on the Mechanical Characteristics of a CFRP Plate“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.121.
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A laser ultrasonic based nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique has been widely used in aerospace industries for inspecting parts and structures made of composite materials. The thermoelastic regime is used for the ultrasonic generation, so no plasma is formed on the surface of composite structure. Generally, the service lifetime for an aircraft could be more than 25 years. Thus, the composite structures of the aircraft could be susceptible to laser pulse fatigue damage caused by the laser pulse energy of a laser ultrasonic generator in the long-term periodic maintenance inspection. In this paper, the effect of laser pulse fatigue on the mechanical characteristics of a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate (USN175BX Carbon UD preprag) with the stacking sequence of [0/45/-45/90]s is investigated to verify the reliability of the use of a laser ultrasonic based NDE technique on the CFRP plate specimen inspection. A high-speed laser ultrasonic scanning system (400mm/s at the intervals of 0.4 mm) was setup to perform repeat scanning of 1300 times on a CFRP plate specimen with the scanning area of 70 mm x 60 mm. These repeat scanning times were set in consideration of the periodic maintenance inspection scheduled to be 1 time/week x 52 weeks/year x 25 years. A 532nm Q-switched continuous wave laser (QL) was used and set at the laser pulse energy levels of 0.6 mJ and 1.2 mJ. Lamb wave assessment based on pitch-catch method was proposed in this paper to monitor the mechanical characteristics of a composite specimen. In each completion of 100 times repeat scanning, the Young’s modulus of the scanning area was evaluated based on the group velocity of S0 Lamb wave mode. In addition, the surface condition of the scanning area was investigated by using a microscope.
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Yuan, Siyuan, Ariel Lellouch, Robert G. Clapp und Biondo Biondi. „Near-surface characterization using a roadside distributed acoustic sensing array“. Leading Edge 39, Nr. 9 (September 2020): 646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39090646.1.
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Due to the broadband nature of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) measurement, a roadside section of the Stanford DAS-2 array can record seismic signals from various sources. For example, it measures the earth's quasistatic deformation caused by the weight of cars (less than 0.8 Hz) as well as Rayleigh waves induced by earthquakes (less than 3 Hz) and by dynamic car-road interactions (3–20 Hz). We directly utilize the excited surface waves for shallow shear-wave velocity inversion. Rayleigh waves induced by passing cars have a consistent fundamental mode and a noisier first mode. By stacking dispersion images of 33 passing cars, we obtain stable dispersion images. The frequency range of the fundamental mode can be extended by adding the low-frequency earthquake-induced Rayleigh waves. Due to the extended frequency range, we can achieve better depth coverage and resolution for shear-wave velocity inversion. To assure clear separation from Love waves and to align apparent and true phase velocities, we choose an earthquake that is approximately in line with the array. The inverted models match those obtained by a conventional geophone survey, performed using active sources by a geotechnical service company contracted by Stanford University, from the surface to about 50 m. To automate the VS inversion process, we introduce a new objective function that avoids manual dispersion curve picking. We construct a 2D VS profile by performing independent 1D inversions at multiple locations along the fiber. From the low-frequency quasistatic deformation recordings, we also invert for a single Poisson's ratio at each location along the fiber. We observe spatial heterogeneity of both VS and Poisson's ratio profiles. Our approach is less expensive than ambient field interferometry, and reliable estimates can be obtained more frequently because no lengthy crosscorrelations are required.
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Gupta, V., S. Roy und L. R. Dharani. „Multi-Scale Modelling of Long-Term Mechanical Behaviour in Polymer Composite Laminates with Woven Fibre Architecture“. Polymers and Polymer Composites 9, Nr. 5 (Juli 2001): 297–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110100900501.
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A comprehensive analytical model for predicting the long-term durability of polymers and polymer matrix composites should in general take into account polymer viscoelastic/viscoplastic creep, hygrothermal effects, and the effects of physical and chemical ageing on material response. These effects, in turn are influenced by a multitude of factors such as polymer morphology, service temperature, ambient relative humidity, internal moisture concentrations, stacking sequence, fibre volume fraction, fibre architecture, applied stress level, degree of damage and ageing time. The primary objective of this paper is to present a multi-scale modelling methodology to simulate the long-term interlaminar properties in polymer matrix woven composites and then predict the critical regions where failure is most likely to occur. A micro-mechanics approach towards modelling the out-of-plane viscoelastic behaviour of a five-harness satin woven-fibre cross-ply composite laminate is presented, taking into consideration the weave architecture and time-dependent effects. In-plane properties are assumed to be dominated by the carbon fibres and are hence deemed elastic. The classical lamination theory model proposed by Raju and Wang is adapted to include the in-plane elastic behaviour of woven fibre composites. For the matrixdominated out-of-plane response, a viscoelastic creep model is employed to model the resin, based on Schapery's nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive law. In addition, physical ageing of the matrix has been included in the model, using the effective time theory proposed by Struik. Furthermore, the effect of large deflections and rotations on the time dependent out-of-plane behaviour is also investigated using the micro-mechanics model. The homogenized in-plane and out-of-plane compliance obtained using the proposed micro-mechanics methodology could be applied within the framework of a structural finite element code to model the macro-scale long-term behaviour of a woven fabric composite structure.
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Bastidas, David M., Jacob Ress, Juan Bosch und Ulises Martin. „Corrosion Mechanisms of High-Mn Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steels: A Critical Review“. Metals 11, Nr. 2 (07.02.2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020287.
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Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels have higher strength and ductility than conventional steels. Deformation mechanisms producing twins that prevent gliding and stacking of dislocations cause a higher ductility than that of steel grades with the same strength. TWIP steels are considered to be within the new generation of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). However, some aspects, such as the corrosion resistance and performance in service of TWIP steel materials, need more research. Application of TWIP steels in the automotive industry requires a proper investigation of corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanisms, which would indicate the optimum degree of protection and the possible decrease in costs. In general, Fe−Mn-based TWIP steel alloys can passivate in oxidizing acid, neutral, and basic solutions, however they cannot passivate in reducing acid or active chloride solutions. TWIP steels have become as a potential material of interest for automotive applications due to their effectiveness, impact resistance, and negligible harm to the environment. The mechanical and corrosion performance of TWIP steels is subjected to the manufacturing and processing steps, like forging and casting, elemental composition, and thermo-mechanical treatment. Corrosion of TWIP steels caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors has posed a serious problem for their use. Passivity breakdown caused by pitting, and galvanic corrosion due to phase segregation are widely described and their critical mechanisms examined. Numerous studies have been performed to study corrosion behavior and passivation of TWIP steel. Despite the large number of articles on corrosion, few comprehensive reports have been published on this topic. The current trend for development of corrosion resistance TWIP steel is thoroughly studied and represented, showing the key mechanisms and factors influencing corrosion processes, and its consequences on TWIP steel. In addition, suggestions for future works and gaps in the literature are considered.
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Huitema, George B., Aliene van der Veen, Vasiliki Georgiadou, Michele Vavallo und Moisés Antón García. „Demand-Response Optimization in Buildings and Energy Communities, a Case in Value Stacking“. Proceedings 65, Nr. 1 (23.12.2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020065007.
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In this paper, the application of demand-side flexibility to residential users and energy communities is discussed. From the H2020 project HOLISDER, it appears that selected Key Exploitable Results are not commercially interesting on their own as flexibility services but certainly are an add-on by cross-value stacking to regular energy services. For groups of prosumers, such as energy communities, cross-stacking can enlarge the awareness and commitment within the communities and, therefore, play an important role in the uptake of citizen communities as promoted by the EU Green Energy Package.
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Pradnyana, Gede Aditra, I. Made Arisetiawan Sunarya und Dewa Gede Hendra Divayana. „PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN OBAT DI APOTEK MENGGUNAKAN METODE HYBRID PERIODIC ORDER QUANTITY - MOVING AVERAGE“. International Journal of Natural Science and Engineering 1, Nr. 3 (05.01.2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijnse.v1i3.12941.
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A pharmacy is a place of health service but indirectly also an effort to get the benefit. From the business point of view, of course, the pharmacy requires a system of processing inventory of goods, especially drugs - drugs in order to avoid losses. One of the pharmacies that have not optimally utilized the technology is at Apotek Karunia Asih located in Canggu Badung Bali. To overcome the problem of inventory control, at Apotek Karunia Asih requires inventory control application. The purpose of this research is to develop inventory control application with hybrid periodic order quantity - moving average method in Apotek Karunia Asih which gives benefit to the controlling of goods in pharmacies so that the goods and drugs sold in another are no longer past the expiration date, dead stock, stacking or stock shortages. Development of inventory control application with hybrid periodic order quantity - moving average method in Apotek Karunia Asih uses SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) process to describe the stages in software development. SDLC process used is waterfall model. Waterfall model is a model that is systematic and sequential in building software, starting from the analysis, design, coding, testing, and support or maintenance. Implementation of this research is applied by using PHP programming language with the help of Codeigniter framework. For the testing process, five (5) test process stages are performed: (1) white box test which states that the source code implementation is appropriate and there is no error, (2) black box test to find out whether all software functional is appropriate, (3) test the suitability of the system to find out the correctness of the calculation process performed by the application, (4) the user response test which states the application and the methods used are very appropriate in controlling the supply of drugs in pharmacies; (5) the previous training test on forecasting that the previous training score will be used to predict the need is 6 because it has the smallest MAPE and MSE so that the forecasting results can be in accordance with the actual data.
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Fauchais, Pierre, und Ghislain Montavon. „Thermal and Cold Spray: Recent Developments“. Key Engineering Materials 384 (Juni 2008): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.384.1.
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Thermal spraying consists in a technology aiming at producing coatings whose thicknesses range from 10 μm to a few millimeters onto mechanical components to confer them specific and unique functional properties, such as wear and corrosion resistances, friction coefficient adaptation, thermal and electrical insulation, biocompatibility, repair, etc., among the principals. Thermal spraying consists in injecting in a viscous enthalpic jet (animated by a momentum) powder with particles which average size ranges from 0.01 to 100 μm. These particles are melted and simultaneously accelerated towards the surface of the part to be covered. They form, after impact, spreading and solidification, near-circular lamellae the stacking of which form the coating. Due to the versatility of the available processes exhibiting a wide range of enthalpic and momentum contents, virtually any kind of material exhibiting congruent melting behavior can be processed, from alloys and ceramics to polymers, ever since its melting temperature differs from its vaporization or decomposition temperature by at least 300 K and that it can be processed previously under the form of powder particles or wires. Thermal spray techniques offer the unique capability to manufacture a large variety of coatings on components of a large variety and geometry. However, thermal spraying constitutes a special process for which the coating service properties derive mostly from the structure and indirectly from the selection of the operating parameters. Very significant improvements over the past years permitted to diagnose the in-flight particle characteristics, mostly in terms of velocity and temperature. Recently, these new capabilities have made possible the development of on-line process controls. This should participate to a drastic increase in coating reliability. In convetntional thermal spraying processes, a pulverulent feedstock (i.e., powder particles) is injected within the plasma jet via a carrier gas. This approach does not permit to process small diameter particles; i.e., nano-sized particles, which could permit to form finely grained coatings. Replacing gas by liquid to carry particles offer the unique possibility to process nano-sized particles. Cold gas spraying may appear as an alternative process to reach the same goal. Indeed, thermal spray processes experienced very significant developments over the past years, opening new doors to manufacture coatings with a high reliability and superior properties. This papepr indend at presenting some of those developments.
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Zhang, Xiangbo, Ji Guo, Yonghui Hu, Dangli Zhao und Zaimin He. „Research of Eliminating the Day-Boundary Discontinuities in GNSS Carrier Phase Time Transfer through Network Processing“. Sensors 20, Nr. 9 (04.05.2020): 2622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092622.
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Time and frequency transfer through global navigation satellite system (GNSS) precise point positioning (PPP) based on carrier-phase measurements has been widely used for clock comparisons in national timing laboratories. However, the time jumps up to one nanosecond at the day boundary epochs of adjacent daily batches lead to discontinuities in the time transfer results. Therefore, it is a major obstacle to achieve continuous carrier phase time transfer. The day-boundary discontinuities have been studied for many years, and they are believed to be caused by the long-term pseudorange noise during estimation of the clock offset in the daily batches and are nearly in accordance with a Gaussian curve. Several methods of eliminating the day-boundary discontinuity were proposed during the past fifteen years, such as shift and overlapping, longer batch processing, clock handover, and ambiguity stacking. Some errors and new noise limit the use of such methods in the long-term clock stability comparison. One of the effective methods is phase ambiguity fixing resolution in zero-differenced PPP, which is based on the precise products of wide-lane satellite bias (WSB) provided by the new international GNSS Service (IGS) Analysis Center of Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS). However, it is not suitable for new GNSS, such as the Beidou Satellite System (BDS), GALILEO, and QZSS. For overcoming the drawbacks above, Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) observation data of 10 whole days from MJD 58624 to 58633have been network processed by batch least square resolution. These observations come from several ground receivers located in different national timing laboratories. Code and carrier phase ionosphere-free measurements of GPS and BDS satellites are used, and the time transfer results from network processing are compared with PPP results provided by Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and used for international atomic time (TAI) computation (TAIPPP) and universal time coordination (UTC). It is shown that the time offsets of three different time links are almost continuous and the day-boundary discontinuities are sharply eliminated by network processing, although a little extent of day-boundary discontinuities still exist in the results of UTC(USNO)-UTC(PTB). The accuracy of time transfer has been significantly improved, and the frequency stability of UTC(NTSC)-UTC(PTB) can be up to 6.8 × 10−15 on average time of more than one day. Thus, it is suitable for continuous multi-GNSS time transfer, especially for long-term clock stability comparison.
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Sánchez-Jacob, Eduardo, Andrés González-García, Javier Mazorra, Pedro Ciller, Julio Lumbreras und José Ignacio Pérez-Arriaga. „Joint Optimal Planning of Electricity and Modern Energy Cooking Services Access in Nyagatare“. Energies 14, Nr. 14 (06.07.2021): 4093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144093.
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In 2019, there were 759 million people globally without access to electricity and 2.6 billion people lacked access to clean cooking. Cooking with electricity could contribute to achieving universal access to energy by 2030. This paper uses geospatially-based techniques—a computer model named REM, for Reference Electrification Model—to show the impact of integrating electric cooking into electrification planning. Three household scenarios were analyzed: one for providing basic electricity access with no electric cooking; another for cooking with electricity; and the third for cooking half of the meals with electricity and half with another fuel, with a clean stacking process. Results of the application of REM to the three scenarios were obtained for the Nyagatare District, Rwanda. The case study showed that electric cooking substantially changes the mix of technologies and the total cost of the least-cost electrification plan. It also showed that electric cooking can be cost competitive compared to LPG and charcoal in grid-connected households and can reduce greenhouse emissions. Stacking with energy-efficient electric appliances provides most of the benefits of full electric cooking at a lower cost and is a pathway worthy of further consideration.
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Syahputra, Yuda, Prayitno Prayitno, Syahniar Syahniar und Hariyani Hariyani. „Rasch stacking analysis of student internet addiction based on gender“. Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan 7, Nr. 1 (15.03.2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/129300.
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Education always experiences change and development under developments in all areas of life. Rapid technological developments make it easier for humans to carry out their daily activities. Technology that is experiencing rapid development is an information technology, one of which is the internet. This study aims to describe differences in internet addiction between male and female students at Universitas Negeri Padang. Sample of this study was 258 students (47 male and 211 female). The analysis technique used is independent of sample t-test combined with a stacking Rasch model. The results of analysis showed that there was no difference in internet addiction between male and female students at Universitas Negeri Padang. Internet addiction of male and female students has no difference, it can see from the ability of students to answer instrument statements are the same this is show by the value of internet addiction (sig =.233), this states p-value> 0.05, which shows there is no significant difference in internet addiction between male and female students. It further states the discussion regarding counseling and guidance services.