Dissertationen zum Thema „Sérine-protéases – Inhibiteurs“
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Vercaigne, Dominique. „L'[alpha] 1-antiprotéase humaine : étude "in vitro" des interactions avec des sérine-protéases leucocytaires et pancréatiques humaines : intérêt physiopathologique“. Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBourgeois, Luc. „Etude de la spécificité des kallicréines prostatiques humaines HK1, HK2 et HK3 à l'aide de substrats fluorescents dérivés de molécules naturelles“. Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR4020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNo summary available
Bouillon, Anthony. „Etude structurale et sélection d'inhibiteurs de la sérine protéase de Plasmodium SUB1, une cible thérapeutique de nouvelle génération“. Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066325.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRed blood cell egress and invasion by Plasmodium merozoites are crucial steps of the parasite life cycle, orchestrated by a cascade of proteases. Among these, the subtilisin SUB1, a Plasmodium serine protease, plays a prominent role. Its properties - accessible, essential and different from the host enzymes- qualify it as an interesting drug target. The objectives of this work were to select SUB1 inhibitors and to better understand its auto-activation process thanks to the resolution of its tridimensional structure. Following an in silico screening performed on P. Vivax-SUB1 3D-structural models, a first generation of SUB1s inhibitors has been selected. The best compound has been validated on the Pv/Pf/PbSUB1recombinant enzymes, on in vitro cultures of P. Falciparum and on P. Berghei in vivo growth in mice. A structure-activity relationship study is in progress in order to improve the potency of this inhibitor. To support this optimisation phase, we have resolved the 3D-structure of the Pv and PfSUB1 enzymes. The analysis of the SUB1 3D structures reveals the existence of a new domain, which does not exist in other known subtilisins. Using biochemical and genetic approaches, we have shown that this domain plays an important role in the regulation of SUB1 enzyme activity in vitro and in vivo. These data provide novel important insights into Plasmodium subtilisins. We now capitalize on these results to design an inhibitor with increased potency and complying with the properties of a novel antimalarial candidate
Gauthier, Alexandre. „Rôle des protéases à sérine du polynucléaire neutrophile dans l'inflammation associée à la mucoviscidose“. Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNo summary available
Mihaila, Alina. „Expression des inhibiteurs de sérine protéases de petits poids moléculaires dans les leucocytes alvéolaires et sanguins“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57826.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaquereau, Laurent. „Régulation transcriptionnelle d'une famille multigénique hépatique codant pour des inhibiteurs de protéases à sérine : mécanismes moléculaires“. Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20169.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTan, Xiao. „Des inhibiteurs organiques de kallikréines pour un traitement pharmacologique du syndrome de Netherton : découverte de séries originales, mécanismes d'action, relations structure-activité et études cellulaires“. Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066445.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis is part of an ANR 'GENOPAT' project aiming to identify organic inhibitors of serine proteases involved in Netherton syndrome. Netherton's syndrome is a rare genetic skin disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding SPINK5 macromolecular inhibitor (LEKTI), it loses its regulating function of the activity of serine proteases (tissue kallikrein 5 , 7 and 14) esential for the skin homeostasis. There is currently no cure, topical application of exogenous inhibitors would therefore restore function of the epidermal barrier. Three strategies have been followed to identify new organic inhibitors of kallikreins, both rational approach and approaches based screening in silico and in vitro. 1) From a small laboratory collection of coumarin derivatives (240 molecules), suicide substrates of kallikreins were selected and characterized from a mechanistic point of view. 2) In parallel, a semi-rational approach based on the use of databases of experimental high throughput screening revealed 1,2,4-triazole compounds, forming acyl-enzyme with varying stabilities. 3) A virtual screening of the Chembridge commercial chemical library with about 600,000 organic molecules identified non-covalent kallikrein inhibitors, these inhibitors have a great structural diversity. Most inhibitors are among the most effective non-toxic with respect to healthy keratinocytes. Their effect on pro-allergic and inflammatory cytokines was analyzed in keratinocytes of patients with Netherton syndrome. A significant inhibition of the expression of these cytokines was observed
Matias, Sandra-Isabel. „Caractérisation de molécules à visées thérapeutiques chez les hirudinées : les inhibiteurs de protéases à sérine et le système endocannabinoïde“. Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-394.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDes etudes immunocytochimiques ont montre une co-localisation partielle des marquages obtenus avec notre immunserum anti-amidase et un anticorps anti-recepteur cb1 humain au niveau des neurones du ganglion supra-sophagien. Les clomocytes et les pores genitaux presentent egalement un marquage faible avec l'immunserum anti-amidase. La stimulation des ganglions nerveux par l'anandamide provoque l'augmentation de no et l'inhibition d'ampc suggerant l'existence de recepteurs de type cb1. Ce systeme endocannabinoide complet serait implique dans l'analgesie, la vasodilatation locale et la diminution de la reponse immunitaire de l'hote. La decouverte de ces nouveaux inhibiteurs de proteases a serine et d'un antithrombique, ainsi que la mise en evidence du systeme endocannabinoide chez les hirudinees, constituent une contribution importante dans la comprehension des relations hotes-parasites lors de la morsure
Tanga, Annabelle. „Evaluation d'une stratégie thérapeutique dans la broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive basée sur l'administration d'anti-protéases par voie aérosol“. Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInflammation has been demonstrated to play a central role in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Neutrophil influx leads to a massive release of neutrophil serine proteases elastase (NSPs): elastase (HNE), proteinase 3 (Pr3) and cathepsin (CG) thereby leading to a protease/anti-protease imbalance. Besides the proteolytic damages to the lung extracellular matrix proteins, these proteases stimulate secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and therefore contribute to the perpetuation of inflammation. In order to target these proteases in COPD, we have examined the capacity of trappin-2 A62L (A62L T2), a genetically modified inhibitor which is able to inhibit all three serine neutrophil proteinases at the same time to protect the alveolar epithelium of the deleterious effects caused by the NSPS. In our study, we showed that T2 A62L significantly inhibits cell detachment and degradation of cell junction proteins (E-cadherin, ß-catenin and ZO-1, zonula occludens-1) of alveolar epithelial cells (A549) induced by each individual NSPS or by activated neutrophils. In addition to their antiproteolytic action T2 and T2 A62L reduced proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 release by A549 cells, previously stimulated by HNE or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Chopin, Vincent. „Caractérisation biochimique et moléculaire d'inhibiteurs de sérine protéases de la sangsue theromyzon tessulatum : détermination de leur activité biologique“. Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-445.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaranger, Kévin. „Développement d'une stratégie thérapeutique anti-inflammatoire en pathologie pulmonaire basée sur l'administration d'anti-protéases“. Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this study, we have analysed the properties of recombinant polyvalent inhibitors of the three neutrophil serine proteinases (elastase, proteinase 3, cathepsin G), massively released during inflammatory events in various lung diseases. These inhibitors, derived from natural endogeneous inhibitors (elafin, trappin-2, SLPI), interact tightly with both free and membrane-bound neutrophil serine proteinases and possess antimicrobial properties that are independent from their inhibitory capacity. We have also shown that these polyvalent inhibitors can be covalently bound to the extracellular matrix proteins by a transglutaminase and that they retain their inhibitory properties in these conditions. With their various biological properties, these inhibitors are attractive molecules for the development of an aerosol-based therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases
Pagès, Gilles. „Clonage et séquençage de trois gènes de la famille des inhibiteurs de protéases à sérine : leur régulation par l'hormone de croissance et les médiateurs de l'inflammation“. Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4356.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSimar-Blanchet, Anne-Emmanuelle. „Régulation transcriptionnelle des gènes codant pour des inhibiteurs de protéases à sérine par l'hormone de croissance et les médiateurs de l'inflammation : Mécanismes moléculaires“. Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20168.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDramé, Khady Nani. „Réponses adaptatives de l'arachide aux contraintes environnementales : caractérisation d'un nouvel inhibiteur de sérine protéinase“. Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003942520204611&vid=upec.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePeanut often suffers from drought and seed contamination by Aspergillus flavus. To identify relevant agro-physiological and molecular parameters for early selection of varieties, different experimental systems were developed. The analysis of four reference genotypes allowed their ranking according to both their tolerance to drought and resistance to A. Flavus. In addition, 3 partial cDNAs coding a PLDα (ah-pld), a cysteine proteinase (ah-cp), a serine proteinase (ah-sp) and 2 full-length cDNAs coding a LEA protein (ah-lea) and a serine protease inhibitor (pbbi) were identified. Comparison of the cultivars allowed observation of differential gene expressions in relation with the intensity of water deficit and the cultivar's tolerance to drought. Moreover, these results are correlated with the cultivars profiles defines on the basis of agronomic and physiological traits. The study of the possible role of pbbi in adaptation mechanisms to water deficit led to the production of recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and in planta genetic transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana plants
Bitoun, Emmanuelle. „Functional genetics of netherton syndrome“. Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30169.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNetherton syndrome (NS) is a severe autosomal recessive ichthyosis characterised by congenital erythroderma, a specific hair shaft defect, and atopic manifestations. SPINK5 (serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5), encoding the 15-kazal-type-domain serine protease inhibitor LEKTI (lympho-epithelial Kazal-type related inhibitor), has recently been identified as the defective gene in NS. Screening of SPINK5 in 21 NS patients identified 18 mutations including nonsense, frameshift and splice site defects. These mutations result in premature termination codons which promote nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of SPINK5 transcripts in human primary keratinocytes (HK), predicting severe impairement of LEKTI expression in patients' skin epidermis. Based on the recurrence of particular mutations in specific ethnic groups, we have performed the first cases of prenatal diagnosis for a lethal form of NS by direct mutation detection. In the absence of genetic heterogeneity, we have also used linkage analysis at the SPINK5 locus for genetic counselling in one family. Using newly generated monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, we have shown that LEKTI is a marker of epithelial differentiation strongly expressed in the granular and uppermost spinous layers of skin epidermis, and in differentiated layers of stratified epithelia. .
Lavergne, Marion. „Rôle du TFPI-2, un inhibiteur de protéases à sérine, dans la progression des cancers broncho-pulmonaires à petites cellules“. Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR3307.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSmall Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) is the most common neuroendocrine tumour of the lung (15% of cases) and is strongly associated with smoking. It is characterised by tumours that grow rapidly with early metastases. Less than 10% of patients with SCLC have a resectable tumour, thus surgical specimens are scarce and most tumour samples come from small biopsies obtained during bronchial endoscopy or mediastinoscopy. In this study, low levels of TFPI-2 expression were found in 65% of patients with SCLC. To study the impact of TFPI-2 in tumour progression, we first developed a clinically relevant animal model that resembles various stages of human SCLC. NCI-H209 cells, not expressing TFPI-2, were genetically modified to express firefly luciferase and the growth of the tumour was sensitively followed by bioluminescence imaging. TFPI-2 was then overexpressed in these cells and we showed that TFPI-2 inhibited lung tumour growth. Such inhibition could be explained in vitro by a decrease in tumour cell proliferation, blockade of G1/S phase cell cycle transition due to p15 and p27 expression, and an increase in apoptosis shown in NCI-H209 cells expressing TFPI-2. We also demonstrated that TFPI-2 upregulation in NCI-H209 cells decreased MMP expression, particularly by downregulating MMP-1 and MMP-3. Moreover, TFPI-2 inhibited phosphorylation of the MAPK signalling pathway proteins involved in the induction of MMP transcripts, among which MMP-1 was predominant in SCLC tissues and was inversely expressed with TFPI-2 in 35% of cases. These results suggest that downregulation of TFPI-2 expression could favour the development of SCLC. Finally, we also demonstrated for the first time that TFPI-2 could inhibit the kallikrein 12, an anti-angiogenic serine proteinase. Altogether, these results suggest that TFPI-2 could be a new potent therapeutic agent to control SCLC tumour progression in SCLC
Arama, Patomo Dominique. „Conception et synthèse de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la kallicréine 7“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT3503/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman tissular kallikreins (KLKs) are members of (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteases, involved in various physiological pathways. Among the 15 known isoforms in the literature, kallikrein 7 (KLK7) plays a significant role in physiological and pathophysiological processes of the skin, like psoriasis and the Netherton syndrome. Several studies report also its implication in multiple processes leading to invasive and metastatic tumor growth, especially in prostatic, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. Strategies focused on KLK7 inhibition are a promising alternative for the treatment of such dermatological diseases, and to avoid metastatic dissemination. In the last two decades, many synthetic inhibitors of this KLK isoform have been developed. However, most of these molecules exhibit low selectivity and unsuitable physicochemical properties for in vivo use. This thesis is devoted to the synthesis of selective and reversible inhibitors of KLK7. Two series of compounds have been explored. The first one, derived from a screening of pyrido-imidazodiazepinones compounds, which led to the discovery of a reversible and selective inhibitor of KLK7, JMV4967 (IC50 = 57.0 µM). This compound is characterized by the presence of an ortho methyl substituted phenyl group, at position 2 of the diazepine ring. Based on these results, a structure-activity relationships (SAR) study was initiated. The best inhibitions were obtained with JMV4967analogs bearing a 3,4,5- trimethoxyphenyl group or 3,4- dimethoxyphenyl group, at position 2 of the diazepine ring. This study led to the discovery of one compound, JMV5046 (IC50 = 33.5 µM). A biochemical study of JMV5046, highlighted its reversible and competitive behavior against the substrate in the KLK7 active site, as previously observed for the initial hit. The second series was developed from an amino-benzimidazole substituted quinazoline, and a SAR study was also carried out. A chemical reactivity study was also initiated to access two new series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-fused or indole-fused diazepine compounds. This study showed that 2-amino-imidazopyridine could undergo alkylation at position 3 of the ring, in the nitro-Michael reaction context. The obtained Michael adducts could then give, after reduction of the nitro group, the corresponding diazepine derivatives. We also showed that, in the presence of an acyl donor (as an activated amino acid ester), 2-amino-indole was N-acylated, unlike the 2-amino-imidazopyridine which leads to an exclusive C-acylation in the same conditions. The N-acylated derivatives were then used for the indolodiazepines synthesis, using Pictet-Spengler cyclization reaction.The synthesis of these compounds and their inhibiting activity against KLK7 are described. Molecular modeling experiments by in silico docking, to determine the structural requirements for KLK7 inhibition by JMV5046, are also presented
Cherqui, Anas. „Etude de la prophénoloxydase de "Locusta migratoria" : purification, caractérisation et contrôle de sa transformation en phénoloxydase“. Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20263.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuibourdenche, Cristel. „Synthèse d'acides aminés neuroexcitateurs : acide quisqualique et analogues de l'acide glutamique“. Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20173.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHerrera, Mendez Carlos. „Marqueurs biologiques de la qualité de la viande bovine : purification, caractérisation et quantification de trois serpines musculaires“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21675.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAngelloz-Nicoud, Patricia. „Rôle de l'Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) dans la prolifération autocrine des cellules PC-3 dérivées d'un adénocarcinome prostatique humain : implication de protéases“. Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD889.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRossi, Valérie. „Etude de trois gènes codant pour des inhibiteurs de protéases à serine régulés par l'hormone de croissance et les médiateurs de l'inflammation : clonage des gènes, analyse structurale et fonctionnelle des promoteurs“. Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20269.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParty, Helene. „Rôle de l'inhibiteur de l'activateur tissulaire du plasminogène de type 1 (PAI-1) dans la dépression majeure chez la souris“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC411.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMajor depressive disorder is one of the heaviest mental disorders in the world, affecting more than 350 people worldwide.It is in the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) that the basis for an internationallyadmitted diagnosis was laid. Albeit diverse, existing antidepressants still remain ineffective for 30% of the patients. Under suchcircumstances, the necessity of developing new therapeutical strategies has arisen. Recent studies tend to suggest, withoutabsolute demonstration, the implication of the axis "Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor type-1"(tPA/PAI-1 axis) in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorders.The first section of my works has been devoted to the development of a new system of behavioural assessment in micefor depressive-like disorders, through a comprehensive and standardised modelling of clinical symptoms of DSM-V.The second section of my works has consisted in studying the potential action mechanisms of the tPA/PAI-1 axis in theemergence of depressive-like disorders. To do so, I first had to identify the behavioural phenotype of mice having from a tPA(tPA-/- mice) and PAI-1 (PAI-1-/-mice) deficiency as well as their wild-type counterparts through the system of assessment setup in the beginning of my research. In addition, due to the significant comorbidity between anxiety and depression, anxious-likebehaviours have been analysed as well. Among PAI-1-deficient mice, my experiments have disclosed a depressive-likephenotype, independent of tPA, and correlated with a decrease in the concentration of two monoamines (serotonin and dopamine)in brain structures known to be involved in major depressive disorder (hippocampus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis).Besides, the moderate enrichment of the environment does not reduce the depressive-like symptoms of PAI-1-/- mice, yet inducesthe dissipation of dependent-tPA/PAI-1 axis anxious disorders.The third section of my PhD has been devoted to pharmacological experiments meant to assess the effectiveness ofantidepressants classified among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Escitalopram produces anxiolytic falloutsamong PAI-1-deficient mice without for all that offsetting the depressive phenotype among these same mice. Moreover,fluoxetine administered in the same concentration as escitalopram has proven to be toxic for these mice.The results of these doctoral experiments have therefore demonstrated for the first time the implication of PAI-1 in theprocess of major depressive disorder through a mechanism independent from its interaction with tPA. These works have alsodemonstrated that PAI-1-/- mice make up a fundamental and cutting edge tool to study the cellular and molecular mechanismsunderlying major depressive disorder as well as to develop competent therapeutical targets intended to improve the efficiency oftreatments
Joubel, Anita. „Analyse protéomique du suppresseur de tumeur p53 : modifications post-traductionelles et protéines partenaires“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe tumor suppressor protein p53 is involved in many signaling pathways and is the most frequently mutated protein in cancers. The mechanisms for the regulation of p53 activity involve post-translational modifications and partner proteins for which literature is phletoric and fragmentary. ln the present study, we have developed a proteomics approach, coupling immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, to investigate p53 post-translational modifications and protein partners. First, we sequenced the full p53 protein immunoprecipitated from the Cos-l cells. This lead to the identification and localization of several known phosphorylations on serine residues S 15, S33, S315 and S392 as weIl as several known acetylations on lysine residues: K305, K370, K372, K373, K381 and K382. Acetylation sites are being reported for the tirst time on monkey p53 from Cos-l cells on lysine 319,357 and 386. Second, we looked for partner proteins that can bind to p53 in non cancerous (MCFlOA cells) versus cancerous (MCF7) human breast epithelial cells. Our results report a series of putative interacting partners among which the serine protease inhibitor maspin. The complex between p53 and maspin was validated by westem-blotting, localized in the nucleus and found in the noncancerous MCFlOA cells only. The p53/maspin interaction could represent a new regulatory mechanism for the activity of p53
Gaud, Guillaume. „Impact d'un inhibiteur de protéases à sérine, le TFPI-2, sur le microenvironnement tumoral pulmonaire“. Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTFPI-2 (Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2), an inhibitor of serine proteinases, particularly plasmin, can indirectly regulate the activation of MMPs, thus regulating ECM degradation and tumour cell invasion. Our results demonstrated that TFPI-2 silencing was associated with a 2 and 3-fold increase in invasive ability through basement membrane components, for clones NCI-H460 miRNA-1b and -2 respectively, associated with an increased in the relative attachment towards laminin and collagen IV and MMP-1 and MMP–3 overexpression. In direct coculture with fibroblasts, an increase in MMP-3, -7 and -13 transcriptional expression was observed when CCD19-Lu cells were cocultured with both miRNA-1b or -2b clones. In indirect coculture, allowing contact between fibroblasts and NCI-H460 clones conditioned media, an increase in MMP-1, -3 and -7 fibroblastic expression was measured. This study has demonstrated that TFPI-2 can influence ECM remodelling-associated genes and then act as a pericellular proteolysis inhibitor, particularly at the tumour-stroma interface
Blisnick, Adrien. „Caractérisation de IrSPI, un inhibiteur de sérine protéase impliqué dans la prise du repas sanguin et l’infection bactérienne des tiques Ixodes ricinus“. Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIxodes ricinus tick species, the most abundant and widespread tick in Europe, is an important vector of pathogens affecting both animal and human health. To replace the use of acaricides that generate environmental contamination and resistances, new environmentally sustainable approaches providing broad protection against ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBP) are urgently needed. Such development requires improved understanding of the biology of ticks and more particularly of their interactions with vertebrate hosts and TBP. Tick saliva is an essential biofluid for ticks, as its proteolytic, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities allow ticks to acquire their blood meal under optimal conditions. Moreover, injection of saliva during blood feeding represents the principal route by which TBP are transmitted to the host. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in TBP transmission, as well as to identify putative vaccine candidates against I. ricinus, salivary glands from bacteria infected and uninfected ticks were previously compared by high throughput transcriptomics. The most up-regulated transcript following infection was IrSPI, which belongs to the Kunitz/BPTI inhibitor family. Functional analyses via RNAi knockdown experiments revealed that IrSPI enhances both blood feeding and bacterial burden in the salivary glands. This present PhD work concerns then the structural, biochemical and functional characterization of IrSPI as a molecule involved in tick-host-pathogen interactions. Our aim was first to define the structure of IrSPI gene but, unfortunately, while our results have led to progress on this issue, we have not been able to get the full sequence. Then, the dynamic of IrSPI expression was evaluated during both tick feeding and colonization of ticks by pathogens, showing that its expression is induced by blood feeding and TBP but not by Escherichia coli that is not transmitted by I. ricinus. In addition, our results shown the expression of IrSPI in several tick organs, suggesting its implication in several functions in tick physiology. Among them, the discovery of the injection of IrSPI, through the saliva, to the vertebrate host allowed us to consider a role in host responses to tick bite. Evaluation of IrSPI effect on host showed no impact on coagulation through extrinsic pathway, as determined by analysis of thrombin generation time and by fibrinolysis, or in angiogenesis. However, it inhibited the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated CD4+ lymphocytes and increased unstimulated-B cell proliferation. In addition, IrSPI also modulated cytokine production from macrophages and splenocytes, repressing significantly most of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Thus, we demonstrated that IrSPI plays a role in modulating the host immune response during blood feeding. Finally, preliminary results in the identification of the protein’s interactants open many research perspectives for understanding how IrSPI acts in tick physiology and counteracts host responses to tick injury and pathogen transmission
Bartoli, Michel. „Eléments de physiopathologie et validation d'une technique de mesure par IRM des anévrysmes de l'aorte abdominale dans un modèle expérimental murin“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbdominal aortic aneurysms occur in 5-9% of the population over the age of 65, and rupture of these aneurysms cause every year at least 15,000 deaths. Although most AAAs are small and asymptomatic, their diameter typically increases over time and about 60% eventually require surgical repair. To date, no therapy can slow or stop the growth of small aneurysms. The aneurysmal wall is characterized by chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling involving synthesis and destruction that leads to the loss of elastin. All these elements are present in the elastase model of aneurysm in mice. While many data have been accumulated on the involvement of metalloproteinases in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, the role of serine proteases has received much less interest. Using this model in mice cathepsin S and cathepsin C knockout, we have shown that their presence was essential for aneurysmal development. We also showed that it was possible to block the model using E64, an inhibitor of cathepsins. Taken together these data suggest that cathepsins play a role in the initiation of the inflammatory reaction and that cathepsins are a potential way of research for the development of medication which could slow down the AAAs growth. In order to block by pharmacological means the model, we developed the possibility to infuse doxycyline directly on the aneurysm. These studies showed that it was possible to block the model with an infusion of local doxycycline without blood levels of doxycycline. This experimental work opens the way for the development of drug-eluting stent graft, i.e. a stent graft able to infuse an active product which can stabilize the wall of the aneurysm
Seren, Seda. „Ciblage pharmacologique de la cathepsine C dans une nouvelle approche thérapeutique de la granulomatose avec polyangéite“. Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR3301.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeutrophil serine proteases (NSP), maturated by cathepsin C (CatC), are the major players in neutrophil-mediated tissue degradation and immune response. Proteinase 3 (PR3) is the main target antigen of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic auto-antibodies (ANCA) in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), a systemic small-vessel vasculitis. The pharmacological targeting of NSP by proteinase inhibitors is promising approach for GPA treatment but also for all chronic inflammatory diseases involving NSP but remains unsuccessful until now. The genetic inactivation of CatC in patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome is associated with almost complete elimination of NSP in blood neutrophils. In this work, we targeted CatC using a nitrile inhibitor in neutrophil generated from umbilical cord stem cells and we observed strong reductions in intracellular and membrane- bound PR3. Among the five-proCatC activating proteases, we found CatS in neutrophilic precursor cells and in mature neutrophils. Pharmacological inhibition of CatS in neutrophils generated from stem cells resulted in significant reduction of cellular NSP. The pharmacological inhibition of CatC could help eliminate the auto- antigen of GPA and constitute a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce auto-immune inflammation in this pathology. Pharmacological targeting of both CatS and CatC might help to efficient inhibition and elimination of NSP in GPA and in chronic inflammatory diseases
Haj, Hassan Maya. „Caractérisation de protéines bovines potentiellement impliquées dans la reproduction : GPA2, GPB5, PDI, PEBP et Ubiquitine“. Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe characterized five bovine proteins that are potentially involved in reproduction. We started with the cloning of gpa2 and gpb5 cDNAs in order to eventually purify recombinant and natural GPA2 and GPB5 to study their possible quaternary structure. GPA2 and GPB5 are the evolutionary ancestors of Glycoprotein hormones α and β subunits respectively. Meanwhile, we have shown the relative quaternary structure fragility of bovine FSH compared to human and sheep FSH. We also studied the effect of endocrine disruptors on PDI (Protein Disulfide Isomerase) before addressing GPA2/GPB5 PDI activity of GPA2/GPB5 once purified.We succeeded to purify the phosphatidyl-ethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) and ubiquitin from bovine testis by hydrophobic interaction chromatography at very high ammonium sulfate concentration and we produced specific antibodies (anti-PEBP) in rabbits that allowed us to be the first to develop a reliable Elisa assay for this protein
Gravel, Emilie. „Hepsine et matriptase activent l’hémagglutinine des virus influenza A et B et leur inhibition représente une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique n’entraînant pas le développement de résistance“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9464.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract: Seasonal influenza epidemics cause between 3 and 5 millions severe cases of disease, leading to 250 000 to 500 000 deaths worldwide. Only two classes of drugs are currently available to treat influenza infections: neuraminidase inhibitors, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and M2 channel inhibitors (adamantanes). However, the use of these antivirals is restricted by rapid emergence of viral resistance. It is therefore of great interest to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of influenza disease. The influenza virus requires activation of its surface protein hemagglutinin (HA) to become infectious. This activation is achieved by proteolytic cleavage in a highly conserved amino acid sequence of the protein. Host cell proteases are responsible for this cleavage since the viral genome doesn’t encode any protease. For viruses that infect humans, many studies have shown the potential of type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSP) to promote viral replication: TMPRSS2, TMPRSS4, HAT, MSPL, Desc1 and matriptase, recently identified by our team (Beaulieu, Gravel et al., 2013), activate HA of influenza A viruses (mainly H1N1 and H3N2). However, little is known about cleavage of influenza B virus HA, and only TMPRSS2 and HAT have been identified as being capable of activating this type of virus. This project aimed to identify other TTSPs able to activate influenza B HA. Cleavage efficacies of matriptase, hepsin, HAT and Desc1 were studied and compared. These four proteases were shown to be able to cleave influenza B HA using in vitro assays. However, only cleavage by matriptase, hepsin and HAT promoted viral replication. Moreover, these TTSPs also supported the replication of influenza A viruses. Thus, the use of a slow, tight-binding inhibitor (developed in collaboration with our laboratory) that binds to the TTSP active site, forming a covalent and reversible bond, significantly blocked viral replication in human bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells. Since this inhibitor targets a host cell component, instead of a viral protein, viruses did not develop resistance after 15 passages in presence of the inhibitor in Calu-3 cells. Thus, inhibition of HA-activating TTSPs in the human respiratory tract represents a novel therapeutic strategy against influenza.
Soualmia, Feryel. „Modulateurs synthétiques de la kallikréine 6, protéase à sérine impliquée dans les maladies neurodégénératives : identification, mécanisme d’action et validation de concept“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066755.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe human kallikrein 6 (hK6) or neurosin is the most abundant serine protease of the central nervous system (CNS). Its dual implication in neurodegenerative processes makes it an emerging target for the design of pharmacological modulators of its activity. Yet today there are only very few compounds that meet this expectation. Thus, the main aim of these thesis was to identify organic low molecular weight (<500 Da) inhibitors and activators of hK6 compatible with clinical development. The study ofhK6 through various aspects has established its catalytic and dynamic profile and highlights its anti-aggregative role of endogenous α-synuclein. Exploring the diverse libraries comprising nearly 1 200molecules led to the identification of key compounds (hits) that have been subjected to extensive mechanistic studies. Assessments by molecular modeling were also carried out to establish the structural basis for activity modulation and selectivity profiling toward competing serine proteases has also been established. For the first time, a bimodal modulator as well as an activator, both highly selective to hK6, were identified and an allosteric regulatory model was proposed. Several original inhibitors having a good selectivity profile toward hK6 were also selected. Furthermore, these molecules do not exhibit any cytotoxic effect on primary neuronal cultures. The compounds identified in this thesis provide an excellent basis for the development of pharmacological agents with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties and pave the way for the exploration of new allosteric sites in hK6 and tryptic serine proteases in general