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1
Singhose, William, Erika Ooten Biediger, Ye-Hwa Chen und Bart Mills. „Reference Command Shaping Using Specified-Negative-Amplitude Input Shapers for Vibration Reduction“. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 126, Nr. 1 (01.03.2004): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1650385.
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Residual vibrations can be greatly reduced by using specially-shaped reference command signals. Input shaping is one such technique that reduces vibration by convolving a sequence of impulses with any desired reference command. Several types of useful impulse sequences have been developed. Most of these have contained only positively valued impulses. However, rise time can be improved by using some negative impulses in the sequence. Unfortunately, the use of negative impulses can excite unmodeled high modes. A new type of impulse sequence containing negative impulses is proposed. These sequences are designed to fill the performance gap between all-positive impulse sequences and the negative sequences previously developed. A proof governing the worst case scenario provides an upper bound on high-mode excitation. The resulting class of impulse sequences allows the designer to make a precise trade off between rise time and vibration reduction.
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TORRI, GIANCARLO, SERGIO RINALDI und CARLO PICCARDI. „IMPERFECT PHASE SYNCHRONIZATION IN THE LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR OFHALOBACTERIUM SALINARIUM“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 13, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2003): 3085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127403008399.
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A chaotic system can be used to transform a periodic input sequence of events, e.g. impulses, into a sequence of output events. Even after transient, the output sequence is often aperiodic. In particular, it might happen that the output events are basically synchronized with the input events, but that some of them are randomly skipped from the output time series (imperfect phase synchronization [Zacks et al., 1999, 2000]). This phenomenon has been neatly observed by Schimz and Hildebrand [1992] in a rich series of experiments on the locomotor behavior of Halobacterium salinarium, where the input event was a light impulse and the output event was the reversal in the swimming direction of the bacterium. In this paper, we show that the same phenomenon occurs when classical, low dimensional chaotic oscillators are forced by a periodic sequence of impulses. This proves, on one side, that imperfect phase synchronization is a common phenomenon in chaotic oscillators subjected to periodic sequences of impulses, and, on the other side, that there are high chances that the locomotor behavior of Halobacterium salinarium can be modeled by a low dimensional deterministic model.
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Singhose, W. E., W. P. Seering und Neil C. Singer. „Time-Optimal Negative Input Shapers“. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, Nr. 2 (01.06.1997): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801233.
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Input shaping reduces residual vibration in computer controlled machines by convolving a sequence of impulses with a desired system command. The resulting shaped input is then used to drive the system. The impulse sequence has traditionally contained only positively valued impulses. However, when the impulses are allowed to have negative amplitudes, the rise time can be improved. Unfortunately, excitation of unmodeled high modes and overcurrenting of the actuators may accompany the improved rise time. Solutions to the problem of high-mode excitation and overcurrenting are presented. Furthermore, a simple look-up method is presented that facilitates the design of negative input shapers. The performance of negative shapers is evaluated experimentally on two systems; one driven by a piezo actuator and the other equipped with DC motors.
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Panas, Andrey I., Tao Yang und Leon O. Chua. „Experimental Results of Impulsive Synchronization Between Two Chua's Circuits“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 08, Nr. 03 (März 1998): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127498000437.
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Impulsive synchronization of chaotic dynamic systems has some important applications to chaotic secure communication and chaotic spread-spectrum communication systems. In this paper we present some experimental results on impulsive synchronization between two Chua's circuits. In our experiments, only one synchronizing impulse sequence is transmitted. The robustness of impulsive synchronization with respect to variations in the frequency and the width of impulses is studied. Experimental results show that robust impulsive synchronization can be achieved under noisy conditions and a 2% parameter mismatch between the driving system and the driven system. We also found that an amplified impulse sequence with a gain greater than unity can make the impulsive synchronization more robust. Moreover, we found that impulsive synchronization can be achieved with very narrow impulses.
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YANG, TAO, und LEON O. CHUA. „CHAOTIC IMPULSE RADIO: A NOVEL CHAOTIC SECURE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 10, Nr. 02 (Februar 2000): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127400000220.
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A chaotic impulse radio system is an ultrawide-band communication system that uses a train of very narrow baseband impulses as a carrier. In the transmitter of a chaotic impulse radio system, a message signal is modulated by two kinds of pulse carriers. Firstly, a frequency modulation is used to modulate the message signal into a subcarrier that functions as the clock pulses of a chaotic circuit. Driven by the modulated clock pulses, the chaotic circuit outputs a chaotic impulse positioning sequence which generates the positions of the carrier impulses. The specially designed chaotic circuit in the transmitter guarantees that the time intervals between the carrier impulses are chaotic. Thus the energy of the impulse carrier is distributed evenly over the entire bandwidth. In the receiver of a chaotic impulse radio system the message signal is demodulated in two stages. At the first stage, the time interval between two consecutive impulses is recovered. At the second stage, a simple algorithm based on the knowledge of the chaotic circuit in the transmitter is used to calculate partially the locations of the inner clock pulses which in turn are used to demodulate the message signal. No synchronization at any level is needed in this chaotic impulse radio system. The security of this chaotic impulse radio system depends on the hardware parameters of the chaotic circuit and the inner clock pulse train. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the design procedure of an example of this chaotic impulse radio system.
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Singh, T., und G. R. Heppler. „Shaped Input Control of a System With Multiple Modes“. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, Nr. 3 (01.09.1993): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899108.
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This paper describes a method for limiting vibration in flexible systems that have more than one characteristic frequency and mode. It is only necessary to have knowledge of the component mode frequencies and damping ratios in order to be able to calculate the timing and magnitudes of the impulse sequence used in the shaping. Only two impulses, in the nonrobust case, or three impulses in a more robust case, are necessary regardless of the number of component frequencies. Simple tests are established to determine when this technique can be used and examples are presented.
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Antoniadis, I. „Guidance Preconditioning by an Impulse Sequence for Robust Residual Vibration Suppression“. Shock and Vibration 6, Nr. 3 (1999): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/250173.
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In order to suppress residual vibrations, a general method is presented for preconditioning any guidance function prior to its application to a dynamic system, by convolving it with a sequence of impulses. The approach includes first the development of the necessary design specifications for the impulse sequence, so that the robustness properties cover the widest possible variation of the system natural frequencies. Three solution methods are proposed then, with special emphasis in the achievement of the minimum possible duration time of the impulse sequence. Numerical experiments verify the effectiveness of the robustness, not only with respect to variations of the natural frequency, but also with respect to variations of a range of other linear and non-linear variables.
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KR. AGRAWAL, SHAILESH. „GENERATION OF SYNTHETIC ACCELEROGRAMS USING ENGINEERING EARTHQUAKE SOURCE MODEL“. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 04, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2004): 497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455404001343.
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The strong motion records available during an earthquake can be treated as the response of the earth as a structural system to unknown forces acting at unknown locations. Thus, if the part of the earth participating in ground motion is modeled as a known finite elastic medium, one can model the source location and forces generated during the earthquake as an inverse problem. Based on this analogy, a simple model for the earthquake source is proposed, by assuming the source to be a sequence of impulses acting at locations yet to be found. These impulses and their locations are found using the normal mode expansion along with a minimization of mean squared error. The medium is assumed to be finite, elastic, homogeneous, layered and horizontal with specified boundary conditions. Detailed results are obtained for the Uttarkashi earthquake of 20th October 1991, in India. The impulse locations are shown to be closely associated with the underlying fault mechanism. The proposed model is then used to simulate the acceleration time histories at a few recording stations. The earthquake source expressed in terms of a sequence of impulses acting at different locations is applied to a 2D finite elastic medium. The acceleration time histories found from this model agree well with with the accelerations recorded for the earthquake.
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Chatterjee, A., und A. Ruina. „A New Algebraic Rigid-Body Collision Law Based on Impulse Space Considerations“. Journal of Applied Mechanics 65, Nr. 4 (01.12.1998): 939–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2791938.
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We present a geometric representation of the set of three-dimensional rigid-body collisional impulses that are reasonably permissible by the combination of non-negative post-collision separation rate, non-negative collisional compression impulse, non-negative energy dissipation and the Coulomb friction inequality. The construction is presented for a variety of special collisional situations involving special symmetry or extremes in the mass distribution, the friction coefficient, or the initial conditions. We review a variety of known friction laws and show how they do and do not fit in the permissible region in impulse space as well as comment on other attributes of these laws. We present a few parameterizations of the full permissible region of impulse space. We present a simple generalization to arbitrary three-dimensional point contact collisions of a simple law previously only applicable to objects with contact-inertia eigenvectors aligned with the surface normal and initial relative tangential velocity component (e.g., spheres and disks). This new algebraic collision law has two restitution parameters for general three-dimensional frictional single-point rigid-body collisions. The new law generates a collisional impulse that is a weighted sum of the impulses from a frictionless but nonrebounding collision and from a perfectly sticking, nonrebounding collision. We describe useful properties of our law; show geometrically the set of impulses it can predict for several collisional situations; and compare it with existing laws. For simultaneous collisions we propose that the new algebraic law be used by recursively breaking these collisions into a sequence ordered by the normal approach velocities of potential contact pairs.
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Schlegel, Miloš, und Lukáš Bláha. „Parametrization of all Three Impulse Zero Vibration Input Shapers“. Solid State Phenomena 164 (Juni 2010): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.164.271.
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Input shaping has been demonstrated to be a simple method of reducing vibration in many types of controlled machines. The method is implemented by convolving a command signal with an impulse sequence of input shaper to produce a shaped input that is then used to command the system. Designing the input shaper involves determining the amplitudes and timing of the impulses such that the resulting shaped commands lead to desired levels of vibration reduction. Up to now, to the best knowledge of the authors, it is known only few special types of input shapers (ZV, ZVD, ZVDk, EI, SI,...). This paper presents two general approaches for parametrization of all three impulse zero vibration input shapers.
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Pogson, Jacob M., Rachael L. Taylor, Andrew P. Bradshaw, Leigh McGarvie, Mario D’Souza, G. Michael Halmagyi und Miriam S. Welgampola. „The human vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccades: normal subjects and the effect of age“. Journal of Neurophysiology 122, Nr. 1 (01.07.2019): 336–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00847.2018.
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Here we characterize in 80 normal subjects (16–84 yr (means ± SD, 47 ± 19 yr) the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and saccades in response to three-dimensional head impulses with a monocular video head impulse test (vHIT) of the right eye. Impulses toward the right lateral, right anterior, and left posterior canals (means: 0.98, 0.91, 0.79) had slightly higher mean gains compared with their counterparts (0.95, 0.86, 0.76). In the older age group (>60 yr), gains of the left posterior canal dropped 0.09 and left anterior canals rose 0.09 resulting in symmetry. All canal gains reduced with increasing head velocity (0.02–0.13 per 100°/s). Comparison of lateral canal gains calculated using five published algorithms yielded lower values (~0.80) when a narrow detection window was used. Low-amplitude refixation saccades (amplitude: 1.11 ± 0.98°, peak velocity: 63.9 ± 34.0°/s at 262.0 ± 93.9 ms) were observed among all age groups (frequency: 40.2 ± 23.4%), increasing in amplitude, peak velocity, and frequency in older subjects. Impulses toward anterior canals showed the least frequent saccades and lateral and posterior canals were similar, but lateral canal impulses showed the smallest saccades and the posterior canal showed the largest saccades. Saccade peak-velocity approximate amplitude “main sequence” slope was steeper for the horizontal canals compared with the vertical planes (60 vs. <40°/s per 1°). In summary, we found small but significant asymmetries in monocular vHIT gain that changed with age. Healthy subjects commonly have minuscule refixation saccades that are moderately to strongly correlated with vHIT gain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Gaze fixation is normally stabilized during rapid “head-impulse” movements by the bisynaptic vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), but earlier studies of normal subjects also report small amplitude saccades. We found that with increased age of the subject the vertical VOR became more variable, while in all semicircular canal directions the saccade frequency, amplitude, and peak velocity increased. We also found that the VOR gain algorithm significantly influences values.
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Filipich, C. P., und M. B. Rosales. „Variational Solution for an Initial Conditions Problem“. Applied Mechanics Reviews 50, Nr. 11S (01.11.1997): S50—S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3101850.
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An initial conditions problem is addressed by first transforming it into a boundary value one. An appropriate functional and an extremizing sequence are proposed. The methodology has been previously named WEM (Whole Element Method) by the authors. In the present paper, this name is justified since division of the time domain is avoided even when loads with finite number of impulses of arbitrary duration are involved. The method is theoretically founded by theorems and corolaries. Their statements are included in the work. A numerical example of an undamped single degree of freedom (SDOF) system subjected to a rectangular impulse load is carried out. Comparison is made with the well-known classical solution.
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Aman, Alexander, Sören Majcherek und Sören Hirsch. „Microwave Emission of Carbon Fibres during Electrical Breakdown“. Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.544.
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A new method of reliability monitoring of electrical devices based on carbon fibres is presented. Due to the thermo-mechanical stress on electronic circuits a loss of fibre network integrity can take place and potential difference may appear between the edges of broken carbon fibres. This potential difference causes an intensive field-emission from surfaces of these broken carbon fibres and an acceleration of emitted electrons. Due to the acceleration of electrons a microwave emission is generated. A CFRP was used to simulate the behaviour of a carbon based electronic device. The sequence of microwave impulses was detected in a frequency bandwidth from 8 to 12 GHz. The rise time of detected microwave impulses is about of few nanoseconds. This time is in agreement with crack formation time in carbon fibre. The correlation between the change of electrical resistance of composites and microwave impulses by fibres fracture is observed. Thus, the breakdown of current that flows through carbon fibres induces detectable microwave emission. That means that defects in electrical circuits can be wireless detected online.
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Kapila, Vikram, Anthony Tzes und Qiguo Yan. „Closed-Loop Input Shaping for Flexible Structures Using Time-Delay Control1“. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 122, Nr. 3 (01.12.1999): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1286269.
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Input shaping techniques reduce the residual vibration in flexible structures by convolving the command input with a sequence of impulses. The exact cancellation of the residual structural vibration via input shaping is dependent on the amplitudes and instances of impulse application. A majority of the current input shaping schemes are inherently open-loop where impulse application at inaccurate instances can lead to system performance degradation. In this paper, we develop a closed-loop control design framework for input shaped systems. This framework is based on the realization that the dynamics of input shaped systems give rise to time delays in the input. Thus, we exploit the feedback control theory of time delay systems for the closed-loop control of input shaped flexible structures. A Riccati equation-based and a linear matrix inequality-based frameworks are developed for the stabilization of systems with uncertain, multiple input delays. Next, the aforementioned framework is applied to two input shaped flexible structure systems. This framework guarantees closed-loop system stability and performance when the impulse train is applied at inaccurate instances. Two illustrative numerical examples demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed closed-loop input shaping controller. [S0022-0434(00)00103-9]
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CHANG, CHIN-HUEI, YUN SHYONG CHOW und ZHEN WANG. „ON THE ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF HEATING TIMES“. Analysis and Applications 01, Nr. 04 (Oktober 2003): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021953050300020x.
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An infinite homogeneous d-dimensional medium initially is at zero temperature, u=0. A heat impulse is applied at the origin, raising the temperature there to a value greater than a constant value u0>0. The temperature at the origin then decays, and when it reaches u0, another equal-sized heat impulse is applied at a normalized time τ1=1. Subsequent equal-sized heat impulses are applied at the origin at the normalized times τn, n=2,3,…, when the temperature there has decayed to u0. This sequence of normalized waiting times τn can be defined recursively by [Formula: see text] where d>0. This heat conduction problem was studied by Myshkis (J. Differential Equations Appl.3 (1997), 89–91), and he posed the problem to find an asymptotic expression for the τn as n→∞. The cases for dimensions d=1 and d≥3 have been treated by Chen, Chow, and Hsieh (J. Differential Equations Appl.6 (2000), 309–318). Here, we deal with the two-dimensional case, d=2.
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Auersch, Lutz. „Simultaneous Measurements of the Vehicle, Track, and Soil Vibrations at a Surface, Bridge, and Tunnel Railway Line“. Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1959286.
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A complex measuring campaign has been performed including the simultaneous measurement of vehicle, track, and soil vibrations during train runs at 16, 25, 40, 63, 80, 100, 125, 140, and 160 km/h and impulse measurements of the passenger car, three track sections, and the soil. A ballast track on the soil surface and on a concrete bridge has been investigated as well as a slab track in a tunnel. The evaluation and comparison of all these data show a generally good agreement for all components if the strong low- and high-frequency cut-off characteristics of the layered and damped soil are incorporated. There is a strong causal correlation between the vehicle and the soil by the dynamic excitation forces and a weak relation between the track and the soil by the axle-sequence spectrum of the train. However, the similarity between the axle-impulse spectrum observed at the track and the spectra of the ground vibration leads to the special excitation component of “scattered axle impulses” which is predominant at the far field points of the soil.
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Afrouzi, Ghasem A., und Armin Hadjian. „A variational approach for boundary value problems for impulsive fractional differential equations“. Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis 21, Nr. 6 (19.12.2018): 1565–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fca-2018-0082.
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Abstract By using an abstract critical point result for differentiable and parametric functionals due to B. Ricceri, we establish the existence of infinitely many classical solutions for fractional differential equations subject to boundary value conditions and impulses. More precisely, we determine some intervals of parameters such that the treated problems admit either an unbounded sequence of solutions, provided that the nonlinearity has a suitable oscillatory behaviour at infinity, or a pairwise distinct sequence of solutions that strongly converges to zero if a similar behaviour occurs at zero. No symmetric condition on the nonlinear term is assumed. Two examples are then given.
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Mohamad, Sannay, Haydar Akça und Valéry Covachev. „Discrete-time Cohen-Grossberg neural networks with transmission delays and impulses“. Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications 43, Nr. 1 (01.12.2009): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10127-009-0034-5.
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Abstract A discrete-time analogue is formulated for an impulsive Cohen- -Grossberg neural network with transmission delay in a manner in which the global exponential stability characterisitics of a unique equilibrium point of the network are preserved. The formulation is based on extending the existing semidiscretization method that has been implemented for computer simulations of neural networks with linear stabilizing feedback terms. The exponential convergence in the p-norm of the analogue towards the unique equilibrium point is analysed by exploiting an appropriate Lyapunov sequence and properties of an M-matrix. The main result yields a Lyapunov exponent that involves the magnitude and frequency of the impulses. One can use the result for deriving the exponential stability of non-impulsive discrete-time neural networks, and also for simulating the exponential stability of impulsive and non-impulsive continuous-time networks.
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Golieva, E., V. Skvortsov und George Malyakin. „Ventricular arrhythmias in the practice of a entricular arrhythmias in the practice of a medical assistant“. Medsestra (Nurse), Nr. 6 (01.06.2020): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-05-2006-12.
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Ventricular arrhythmia is a violation of the frequency, rhythm, sequence of propagation of excitation and myocardial contraction caused by the source of impulses, which is localized below the His band: in the branches of the His band, in the Purkinje fibers or directly in the muscle thickness of the ventricles of the heart (ectopic focus of excitation). Its diagnosis is quite complex, and the consequences can be life-threatening. Treatment requires the rapid use of effective antiarrhythmic drugs.
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Leiva, Hugo. „Controllability of the Strongly Damped Wave Equation with Impulses and Delay“. Nonautonomous Dynamical Systems 4, Nr. 1 (25.04.2017): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msds-2017-0004.
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AbstractEvading fixed point theorems we prove the interior approximate controllability of the following semilinear strongly damped wave equation with impulses and delay in the space Z1/2 = D((−Δ)1/2)×L2(Ω),where r > 0 is the delay, Γ = (0, τ)×Ω, ∂Γ = (0, τ) × ∂Ω, Γr = [−r, 0] × Ω, (ϕ,ψ) ∈ C([−r, 0]; Z1/2), k = 1, 2, . . . , p, Ω is a bounded domain in ℝℕ(ℕ ≥ 1), ω is an open nonempty subset of , 1 ω denotes the characteristic function of the set ω, the distributed control u ∈ L2(0, τ; U), with U = L2(Ω),η,γ, are positive numbers and f , Ik ∈ C([0, τ] × ℝ × ℝ; ℝ), k = 1, 2, 3, . . . , p. Under some conditions we prove the following statement: For all open nonempty subsets Ω of the system is approximately controllable on [0,τ]. Moreover, we exhibit a sequence of controls steering the nonlinear system from an initial state (ϕ (0), ψ(0)) to an ε-neighborhood of the final state z1 at time τ > 0.
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Akhmet, Marat, Madina Tleubergenova, Mehmet Onur Fen und Zakhira Nugayeva. „Unpredictable Solutions of Linear Impulsive Systems“. Mathematics 8, Nr. 10 (16.10.2020): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8101798.
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We consider a new type of oscillations of discontinuous unpredictable solutions for linear impulsive nonhomogeneous systems. The models under investigation are with unpredictable perturbations. The definition of a piecewise continuous unpredictable function is provided. The moments of impulses constitute a newly determined unpredictable discrete set. Theoretical results on the existence, uniqueness, and stability of discontinuous unpredictable solutions for linear impulsive differential equations are provided. We benefit from the B-topology in the space of discontinuous functions on the purpose of proving the presence of unpredictable solutions. For constructive definitions of unpredictable components in examples, randomly determined unpredictable sequences are newly utilized. Namely, the construction of a discontinuous unpredictable function is based on an unpredictable sequence determined by a discrete random process, and the set of discontinuity moments is realized by the logistic map. Examples with numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
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Jenkins, Adrianna C., und Ming Hsu. „Dissociable Contributions of Imagination and Willpower to the Malleability of Human Patience“. Psychological Science 28, Nr. 7 (15.05.2017): 894–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617698133.
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The ability to exercise patience is important for human functioning. Although it is known that patience can be promoted by using top-down control, or willpower, to override impatient impulses, patience is also malleable—in particular, susceptible to framing effects—in ways that are difficult to explain using willpower alone. So far, the mechanisms underlying framing effects on patience have been elusive. We investigated the role of imagination in these effects. In a behavioral experiment (Experiment 1), a classic framing manipulation (sequence framing) increased self-reported and independently coded imagination during intertemporal choice. In an investigation of neural responses during decision making (Experiment 2), sequence framing increased the extent to which patience was related to activation in brain regions associated with imagination, relative to activation in regions associated with willpower, and increased functional connectivity of brain regions associated with imagination, but not willpower, relative to regions associated with valuation. Our results suggest that sequence framing can increase the role of imagination in decision making without increasing the exertion of willpower.
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Conker, Çağlar, Hakan Yavuz, Sadettin Kapucu, Mustafa Kaan Baltacioğlu, Hüseyi̇n Turan Arat und Alper Burgaç. „Comparison of Robust Input Shapers for Elimination of Residual Vibrations“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (Januar 2014): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.997.
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Input shaping is a feedforward control technique for improving the settling time and positioning accuracy, while minimizing residual vibrations. Shaped command profiles are generated by convolving a sequence of impulses. To design an input shaping controller, estimates of the system natural frequency and damping ratio are required. However, real systems cannot be modeled exactly, making the robustness to modeling errors an important consideration. Many robust input shapers have been developed, but robust shapers typically have longer durations that slow the system response. This creates a compromise between shaper robustness and rise time. This paper analyses the compromise between shaper duration and robustness for several robust input shapers
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Alhazza, Khaled A. „Adjustable maneuvering time wave-form command shaping control with variable hoisting speeds“. Journal of Vibration and Control 23, Nr. 7 (08.08.2016): 1095–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315588881.
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Classical input shaping is based on convolving a general input signal with a sequence of timed impulses. These impulses are chosen to match certain modal parameters of the system under control to eliminate residual vibrations in rest-to-rest maneuvers. This type of input shaping is strongly dependent on the system period. In this work, an adjustable maneuvering time wave form command shaper is presented. The equation of motion of a simple pendulum model of a crane is derived and solved in order to eliminate residual vibrations at the end of motion. Several cases are simulated numerically and validated experimentally on an experimental model of an overhead crane. Results show that the proposed command shaper is capable of eliminating residual vibrations effectively with a single continuous wave form command. The work is extended to include the effect of hoisting on the shaper performance. Several functions are used to simulate hoisting. To overcome the added complexity of hoisting on the system, an approximation technique is used to determine initial shaped command parameters, which are later used in a genetic algorithm optimization scheme. Numerical and experimental results prove that the proposed command shaper can effectively eliminate residual vibrations in rest-to-rest maneuvers.
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Fillerup, Jessie. „Lucia’s Ghosts: Sonic, Gothic and Postmodern“. Cambridge Opera Journal 28, Nr. 3 (November 2016): 313–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586716000446.
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AbstractIn this article, I use an intertextual interference – the spectral presence of Norma Desmond in a performance of Donizetti’sLucia di Lammermoor– as a locus through which to explore the consequences of the ‘open’ text in theatrical spectatorship, criticism and historical study. Norma’s ghosting of Lucia reveals how spectral effects function in musical and dramatic contexts, particularly in Gothic works. These effects replace illusions of linear teleology with temporal synchronicity and destabilise the boundaries that separate the critic or spectator from the work. Though examiningLuciathrough the lens ofSunset Boulevardinverts chronological sequence, it acknowledges the temporal contradictions inherent in historical work and assigns productive meaning to nostalgic impulses that engage a reflective mode of thought.
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Kapucu, S., M. Kaplan und S. Bayseç. „Vibration Reduction of a Lightly Damped System Using a Hybrid Input Shaping Method“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 219, Nr. 5 (01.08.2005): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095965105x33464.
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This paper describes three different methods for generating a command profile for a lightly damped second-order system to manoeuvre it from one position to another, eliminating the residual vibrations likely to occur after the completion of the manoeuvre. The first method is a preshaped command input obtained by superimposing a cycloid onto a ramped versine + ramp function, and the second method is a reshaping of the input of any profile by convolving it with a sequence of two impulses. The third method, the ‘hybrid input method’, combines the first two methods to obtain a better robustness. The methods are tested on simulations, and the robustness of each is examined. The results show that the hybrid input shaping method is more robust to uncertainties in system parameters, namely the natural frequencies and damping ratio. The applicability of the methods is shown by experimental results.
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Singhose, W. E., L. J. Porter, T. D. Tuttle und N. C. Singer. „Vibration Reduction Using Multi-Hump Input Shapers“. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, Nr. 2 (01.06.1997): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801257.
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Input shaping is a method for reducing residual vibrations in computer-controlled machines. Vibration is eliminated by convolving an input shaper, which is a sequence of impulses, with a desired system command to produce a shaped input. The shaped input then becomes the command to the system. Requiring the vibration reduction to be robust to modeling errors and system nonlinearities is critical to the success of the shaping process on any real system, Input shapers can be made very insensitive to parameter uncertainty; however, increasing robustness usually increases system delays. A design process is presented that generates input shapers with insensitivity-to-time-delay ratios that are much larger than traditionally designed input shapers. The advantages of the new shapers are demonstrated with computer simulations and their performance is verified with experimental results from the MIT Middeck Active Control Experiment, which was performed on board the Space Shuttle Endeavor.
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Alici, Gürsel, Sadettin Kapucu und Sedat Bayseç. „A robust motion design technique for flexible-jointed manipulation systems“. Robotica 24, Nr. 1 (31.10.2005): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574705001785.
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This paper presents a robust input shaping technique that significantly reduces (almost eliminates) the residual vibration of manipulation systems typified by a flexible-jointed robot manipulator. The technique consists of two stages. In the first stage, a ramp function is superimposed onto the main trajectory to be preshaped. In the second stage, the outcome of the first stage is convolved with a sequence of two impulses. The robustness of the technique to the uncertainties in the system natural frequency and damping ratio are quantified through simulation and experimental evaluation. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the technique is not only effective in reducing the residual vibrations, but also it is robust to the uncertainties of as ∓35% from the ideal value of the system natural frequency. Further, it has been found that the proposed input shaping technique is insensitive to the uncertainties in the damping ratio. The results allow us to suggest that the proposed technique is versatile and robust enough to apply it to the motion design of any flexible-jointed manipulation system making a point-to-point motion.
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PĂUN, GHEORGHE, MARIO J. PÉREZ-JIMÉNEZ und GRZEGORZ ROZENBERG. „SPIKE TRAINS IN SPIKING NEURAL P SYSTEMS“. International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 17, Nr. 04 (August 2006): 975–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054106004212.
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We continue here the study of the recently introduced spiking neural P systems, which mimic the way that neurons communicate with each other by means of short electrical impulses, identical in shape (voltage), but emitted at precise moments of time. The sequence of moments when a neuron emits a spike is called the spike train (of this neuron); by designating one neuron as the output neuron of a spiking neural P system II, one obtains a spike train of II. Given a specific way of assigning sets of numbers to spike trains of II, we obtain sets of numbers computed by II. In this way, spiking neural P systems become number computing devices. We consider a number of ways to assign (code) sets of numbers to (by) spike trains, and prove then computational completeness: the computed sets of numbers are exactly Turing computable sets. When the number of spikes present in the system is bounded, a characterization of semilinear sets of numbers is obtained. A number of research problems is also formulated.
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Voronin, A. Ya. „Criteria for identification of the form and functional properties of the soil profile in georadiolocated studies by using georadar “Loza-B”“. Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, Nr. 80 (01.09.2015): 106–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2015-80-106-128.
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The valuable criteria for identification of the soil profile form and its some functional properties are considered as determined by interpretation of radarograms in the course of georadiolocated profiling of different territories using the geophysical device “Loza-B”. Apart from a standard set of procedures for digital processing of radarograms and constructing a temporary profile of changes in the reflected impulse amplitude along the direction of its sounding and transformation with depth, it is suggested to use the information on changing the dynamic characteristics of the wave field in homogenous media. This information involves the data about splash of the wave field, determination of diffraction points (synphasic axes) corresponding to horizons and objects under study, calculation of the frequency characteristics for distribution of reflected signals in the soil profile. A simple homogenous layer has a periodical sequence of picks in the amplitude spectrum within the depth of this layer. Changes in the thickness of the soil horizon are calculated by analyzing the local values of amplitude maximum of reflected impulses in the radarogram. The procedure of soil verification based upon the comparison of real soil profiles with standard ones within the framework of a definite classifier is conducted by statistic methods for calculating the polynomial functions of trend values of the signal amplitude according to its duration. The statistical processing includes calculation of average values, standard deviations and the distribution frequency of signal amplitude connected with the layer thickness and the amount of signal oscillations. The indices of Furie’s spectral transformation (frequency, period, spectral density) along with trend characteristics of polynomial modulations are considered as the major criteria for the two-staged identification of soils. In spite of attractive pattern of Furie’s spectral transformation the calculation of trend models should be testified by data obtained for soil profiles in field.
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Krasny, S. A., und I. L. Masanskiy. „Comparison of the safety and efficacy of the new method of en-bloc and conventional monopolar transurethral resection in the management of primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer“. Cancer Urology 15, Nr. 3 (09.10.2019): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2019-15-3-102-112.
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Objective: to comparе the safety and efficacy of the new method of en-bloc transurethral resection (TUR) and conventional TUR in management of primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, and investigate long-term effects on tumour recurrence and progression.Materials and methods. A total of 914 patients with primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer were treated using TUR of bladder at the Minsk City Clinical Oncologic Dispensary in 2005 to 2016. For final analysis the data was underwent many-stage random sampling. Randomization was stratified according to sex and age, category T, tumour grade, EORTC risk groups. In total, 273 patients were selected: 136 in the new method of en-bloc TUR group (a study group) and 137 in the conventional TUR group (a control group). The new method of en-bloc TUR is based on using impulses of high-frequency current applied to the active electrode of the resectoscope. The impulse sequence and individual impulse duration within the interval from 0.1 to 1 second are controlled in the course of the operation. Five-year follow-up data of operative management were analyzed.Results. In event of the new method of en-bloc TUR there were no perioperative complications and no cases of conversion to conventional TUR. Postoperative complications were less frequently observed in the new method group compared with conventional TUR group. There were significant differences with major priority to the new method of en-bloc TUR in median time to recurrence (р = 0.032) and progression (р = 0.001), 5-year survival to recurrence (р = 0.0001) and progression (р = 0.001), 5-year cancer-specific survival (р = 0.033) and overall survival (р = 0.045) of patients.Conclusion. The new method of en-bloc TUR of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer was more effective than conventional TUR in reducing rates of intraand postoperative complications, and at the same time was applicable in all clinical cases, regardless of the tumor location in the bladder lumen, its size, vascularization, and growth pattern. The new method of en-bloc TUR also significantly improved the long-term cancer treatment results in patients with primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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Naga Subrahmanyam S, Nagaraju G V und Tagoore Vijaya Lakshmi D. „Phenytoin induced Steven Johnson syndrome“. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, Nr. 1 (07.01.2020): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1803.
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Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant and Hydantoin, it is mainly used in the management o Seizures, and it stabilizes the neuronal membranes and decreases seizure activity by increasing efflux or reducing the influx of sodium ions across cell membranes in the motor cortex during the generation of nerve impulses. It is available in the market in the form of oral and intravenous forms, a loading dose of Phenytoin for the management of seizures is 10-20 mg, divided into 2-3 doses. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare and serious adverse effect of the skin along with the membranes of the mucous. It is caused by specific Drugs or Viral Infections. We have performed causality assessment by using the WHO and NARANJO'S ADR rating scale. It will seem, it is a Probable ADR, and severity assessed it confers a Type-A ADR, and it should be in Probably Preventable. So being a Reliable Clinical Pharmacist, we recommend to all health care professionals be aware of adverse drug reactions, and Desirable vigilance is necessitated toward safe and effective management for specific patients, strictly observe the patients in sequence anticipate Dangerous Adverse events.
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Thomas, C. K., R. S. Johansson und B. Bigland-Ritchie. „Pattern of Pulses That Maximize Force Output From Single Human Thenar Motor Units“. Journal of Neurophysiology 82, Nr. 6 (01.12.1999): 3188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3188.
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We assessed the sequence of nerve impulses that maximize force output from individual human thenar motor units. When these motor units were stimulated intraneurally by a variable sequence of seven pulses, the pattern of pulses that elicited maximum force always started with a short (5–15 ms) interpulse interval termed a “doublet.” The twitch force summation caused by this “doublet” elicited, on average, 48 ± 13% (SD) of the maximum tetanic force. The peak amplitude of “doublet” forces was 3.5 times that of the initial twitches, and twitch potentiation appeared to have little influence on twitch force summation elicited by the “doublets.” For some units, the second optimal interpulse interval was also short. Peak forces elicited by the third to sixth interpulse intervals did not change substantially when the last interpulse interval was varied between 5 to 55 ms, so maximum force could not be attributed to any unique interpulse interval. Each successive pulse contributed a smaller force increment. When five to seven pulses were delivered in an optimal sequence, the evoked force was close to that recorded during maximal tetanic stimulation. In contrast, maximal force-time integral was evoked with one short interpulse interval (5–15 ms) then substantially longer interpulse intervals (>100 ms). Maximum force and force-time integrals were therefore elicited by different patterns of stimuli. We conclude that a brief initial interpulse interval (5–15 ms) is required to elicit maximum “doublet” force from human thenar motor units and that near-maximal tetanic forces can be elicited by only five or six additional post-“doublet” pulses if appropriately spaced in time. However, the rate at which these post-“doublet” stimuli must be provided is fairly uncritical. In contrast, maximum post-“doublet” force-time integrals were obtained at intervals corresponding to motoneuronal firing rates of ∼7 Hz, rates close to that typically used to recruit motor units and to maintain weak voluntary contractions.
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Vigoreaux, J. O., J. D. Saide, K. Valgeirsdottir und M. L. Pardue. „Flightin, a novel myofibrillar protein of Drosophila stretch-activated muscles.“ Journal of Cell Biology 121, Nr. 3 (01.05.1993): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.121.3.587.
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The indirect flight muscles of Drosophila are adapted for rapid oscillatory movements which depend on properties of the contractile apparatus itself. Flight muscles are stretch activated and the frequency of contraction in these muscles is independent of the rate of nerve impulses. Little is known about the molecular basis of these adaptations. We now report a novel protein that is found only in flight muscles and has, therefore, been named flightin. Although we detect only one gene (in polytene region 76D) for flightin, this protein has several isoforms (relative gel mobilities, 27-30 kD; pIs, 4.6-6.0). These isoforms appear to be created by posttranslational modifications. A subset of these isoforms is absent in newly emerged adults but appears when the adult develops the ability to fly. In intact muscles flightin is associated with the A band of the sarcomere, where evidence suggests it interacts with the myosin filaments. Computer database searches do not reveal extensive similarity to any known protein. However, the NH2-terminal 12 residues show similarity to the NH2-terminal sequence of actin, a region that interacts with myosin. These features suggest a role for flightin in the regulation of contraction, possibly by modulating actin-myosin interaction.
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ONAC, Ioan, Valentin SINGUREANU, Gelu MOLDOVAN und Rodica UNGUR. „High Frequency Pulsatile Electromagnetic Fields and Ultrasound Pulsatile Fields Impact on Germination Dynamic at Ocimum basilicum L. and O. basilicum var. purpurascens Benth., Observed with Open Source Software“. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 44, Nr. 1 (14.06.2016): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha44110328.
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Basil (Ocimum sp.), generally knowned as 'king of herbs' due to its pharmaceutical and culinary properties, is considered to be a native plant derived from Africa and Asia. Ocimum sp. grows in tropical and sub-tropical regions with more than 50 species knowned till present time. Germination percent of Ocimum sp. is considered to be between 85-95%. Even though Ocimum sp. are considered to have fast germination velocity index (GVI), short mean germination time (MGT) and increased seedling vigor index (SVI) values, their experimental monitoring is done with specialized software's that are expensive. Low cost scientific solutions are keen on open source software germination protocols. For observing the accuracy of open source C.A.D. software's Ocimum sp. seeds where submitted to high frequency pulsatile electromagnetic fields (300 impulses/3 peak penetrance - 293 W) and ultrasound pulsatile fields (1/2 pulses by 0.5 W/cm2). All sequence images where taken using a positive/negative photo filter enhancing differences in seed development. At the end of the experiment all images where transformed into vector formats (dwg). On the dwg extension, selective free plug-ins such as Face Centroid and Area Properties help to collect data like seed development on X/Y scale, area, perimeter, no. of germinated seeds, length of seedling root, hypocotyl length.
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Felder, R. B., und C. M. Heesch. „Interactions in nucleus tractus solitarius between right and left carotid sinus nerves“. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 253, Nr. 5 (01.11.1987): H1127—H1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.253.5.h1127.
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Bilateral carotid sinus nerve stimulation was used as a model for studying cardiovascular afferent interactions in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) region of dorso-medial medulla. Extracellular action potential recordings were made from 69 single units, 33 of which were excited independently by both right and left carotid sinus nerves (CSNs). Fifteen of these were located in NTS. Peak latencies to electrical stimulation of NTS neurons were 17.7 +/- 2.1 ms to ipsilateral CSN and 20.9 +/- 1.5 ms to contralateral CSN. Summation of afferent input was routinely demonstrated. In 10 units in NTS, a conditioning stimulus applied to one CSN caused prolonged inhibition of the response to a test stimulus to the same or the other CSN. The duration of inhibition was dependent on the intensity of the conditioning stimulus, not on prior excitation of the unit by the conditioning stimulus. In five additional excitability testing experiments, we found limited evidence to suggest that primary afferent depolarization of the central fibers of one CSN by stimulation of the contralateral CSN might be contributing to this inhibitory interaction. The data suggest that the outcome of integrative interactions between right and left CSN inputs to NTS neurons may depend largely on the temporal sequence of convergent afferent impulses.
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Sukhodolov, Alexander, und Igor Anokhov. „Values and Meanings as a Basis of Mass Media. The Blogosphere Potential in Creation of New Information Impulses“. Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 8, Nr. 3 (16.07.2019): 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2019.8(3).469-484.
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In the previous article [1], the authors considered the impulse wave mechanism of the interaction of mass media and the society as of a receiving side. An information impulse is an important factor of the aggregative state change of the respective societies. This impulse is changing continuously in accordance with the aims and objectives of the managing subject and with susceptibility of the managed object. In the 90’s, mass media as a means of society coordination got a significant bias towards negative news. Hostile issues (groundless and paid-for ones) became more important than positive news. The consequence was the loss of social optimism and the growth of intercommunal propensity towards conflict. Thus, the return to positive content of mass media is an issue of convalescent rehabilitation of the society and of its strategic survival. The above mentioned drawback of mass media, which appeared during the crisis of the 90’s, should be overcome by the managing subject with the use of totally new information impulses generators which take into account the modern realities of the media space. Mass media should not only reflect the moral character of the society, they should also provide a positive (sometimes ideal) focus to be oriented at. In the article, a hypothesis is suggested that the next stage of mass media development should be connected with four-component informative images which are combined into continued video sequences. The authors assume that the modern rapidly developing Internet networks can cause synergetic amalgamation of physically oriented, emotional, intellectual and axiological impulses. The common ethics of the individuals generating such impulses can become a basis of this amalgamation. Supposedly, the new synergetic impulse can overcome the destructive nature of the modern mass media and start a new form of society coordination.
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Jadhav, Chetan M., und V. K. Bairagi. „Detection & Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia“. International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 6, Nr. 1 (22.06.2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v6i1.pp31-36.
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<p>The term Arrhythmia refers to any change from the normal sequence in the electrical impulses. It is also treated as abnormal heart rhythms or irregular heartbeats. The rate of growth of Cardiac Arrhythmia disease is very high & its effects can be observed in any age group in society. Arrhythmia detection can be done in many ways but effective & simple method for detection & diagnosis of Cardiac Arrhythmia is by doing analysis of Electrocardiogram signals from ECG sensors. ECG signal can give us the detail information of heart activities, so we can use ECG signals to detect the rhythm & behaviour of heart beats resulting into detection & diagnosis of Cardiac Arrhythmia. In this paper new & improved methodology for early Detection & Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia has been proposed. In this paper ECG signals are captured using ECG sensors & this ECG signals are used & processed to get the required data regarding heart beats of the human being & then proposed methodology applies for Detection & Classification of Cardiac Arrhythmia. Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmia using ECG signals allows us for easy & reliable way with low cost solution to diagnose Arrhythmia in its prior early stage.</p>
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Ricard, Mark D., und Steve Veatch. „Effect of Running Speed and Aerobic Dance Jump Height on Vertical Ground Reaction Forces“. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 10, Nr. 1 (Februar 1994): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.10.1.14.
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Aerobic dance movement sequences are similar to running in repetitive frequency. The purpose of this study was to compare ground reaction force variables in aerobic dance and running. Five female subjects performed 10 trials of five running speeds (2.4–4.0 ± 0.4 m/s) and five heights (0–8 ± 0.2 cm) of front knee lift aerobic dance steps on an AMTI force plate (1000 Hz). First peak impact force, peak loading rate, high-frequency impulse, and 50-ms impulse increased with increased running speed and jumping height. Time to first peak impact force decreased as running speed and jumping height increased. Although first peak impact forces resulting from airborne aerobic dance movements (1.96–2.62 BW) were greater than first peak impact forces in running (1.30–2.01 BW), running compared to aerobic dance resulted in shorter time to first peak impact force and higher values for loading rate, high-frequency impulse, and 50-ms impulse. When compared to aerobic dance, running exhibits smaller peak vertical forces but higher loading rates and vertical impulses.
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Li, Bing, Yan Hong Wang, Ju Mei Wang und Wei De Shen. „Cloning and Expression Analysis of Acetylcholinesterase Gene (Bm-ace1, Bm-ace2) from Domesticated Silkworm, Bombyx mori“. Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (Januar 2011): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.13.
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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, 2 EC 3.1.1.7), encoded by the ace gene, catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to terminate nerve impulses at the postsynaptic membrane. In this study, AChE genes (Bm-ace1, Bm-ace2) were cloned from domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori (Dazao strain) through RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that the ORF of Bm-ace1 gene contained 2 025 bp nucleotides, encoding 683 amino acid residues. The predicted protein has a molecular weight (MW) of 76.96 kD and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.36; The ORF of Bm-ace2 gene contained 1 917 bp nucleotides, encoding 638 AA’s. The predicted protein has a MW of 71.68 kD and a pI of 5.49. These two acetylcholinesterase genes both contain conserved motifs including a catalytic triad, a choline-binding site and an acyl picket. A clustering analysis showed that Bm-ace1 (ABY50088)shared highest similarity with Bmm-ace1 (ABM66370) from Chinese wild silkworm (B. mandarina), Bm-ace2 (ABY50089) shared highest similarity with Bm-ace2 (NP_001037366) from B. mori. Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, expression analyses in insect tissues and in development period demonstrated that Bm-ace1and Bm-ace2 were expressed highly in head and fat bodies; Bm-ace1 and Bm-ace2 were expressed firstly higher, then lower and higher again from 1st instar to 5th instar stages. Bm-ace1 was expressed higher than that of Bm-ace2 in all the stages. This result will help understanding of the resistance mechanism of B. mori to organophosphosphorous insecticides.
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Feise-Mahnkopp, Patricia. „Transliminality: Comparing Mystical and Psychotic Experiences on Psycho-Phenomenological Grounds“. Open Theology 6, Nr. 1 (23.12.2020): 720–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2020-0140.
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AbstractOn a phenomenal level, no differences between the mystical and the initial sequence of psychotic experience are to be found. Both are characterized by transliminality (i.e., an experience of consciousness transcending both the psychophysical and the rational realms). However, the situation is different if we integrate psychodynamic implications before and after those experiences into the comparison. One difference on this level is that the mystical experience (if it meets sufficient ego stability) primarily offers personality-strengthening potential. In contrast, transliminality, which occurs in the course of psychotic experience (if it encounters insufficient ego-stability or a pronounced vulnerability), primarily offers personality-weakening potential. However, if the therapeutic process succeeds in setting ego-stabilizing impulses (or eliminating thought and affect disorders which are typical for psychoses of the schizophrenic spectrum), a conscious incorporation of the transliminal experience into the further therapeutic process proves to be helpful, too. The essential philosophical and therapeutic significance of the connections analyzed here are reflected on with the help of philosophical and psycho(patho)logical phenomenology, in particular with the writings of Husserl’s and Pfänder’s pupil Gerda Walther, combined with current theorems of responsive phenomenology. Walther’s insights into the (dys-)functionalities of ego-center (“Ichzentrum”), self (“Einbettung des Ichzentrums”), and basic essence (“Grundwesen”) in mystical and psychotic experience, with respect to their (meta-)transcendental relationship with divine essence (“göttlicher Wesensgrund”) provoke further research questions on the constitutive and therapeutic implications of transliminality in the context of mystical and psychotic experience.
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Sarode, M. V., und P. R. Deshmukh. „Image Sequence Denoising with Motion Estimation in Color Image Sequences“. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 1, Nr. 6 (10.12.2011): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.54.
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In this paper, we investigate the denoising of image sequences i.e. video, corrupted with Gaussian noise and Impulse noise. In relation to single image denoising techniques, denoising of sequences aims to utilize the temporal dimension. This approach gives faster algorithms and better output quality. This paper focuses on the removal of different types of noise introduced in image sequences while transferring through network systems and video acquisition. The approach introduced consists of motion estimation, motion compensation, and filtering of image sequences. Most of the estimation approaches proposed deal mainly with monochrome video. The most usual way to apply them in color image sequences is to process each color channel separately. In this paper, we also propose a simple, accompanying method to extract the moving objects. Our experimental results on synthetic and natural images verify our arguments. The proposed algorithm’s performance is experimentally compared with a previous method, demonstrating comparable results.
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Khasan, R. E., und Yu P. Kostrygin. „POSSIBILITY AND APPLICABILITY OF PSEUDO-RANDOM CODE FUNCTIONS IN IMPULSE-CODE SEISMIC CONCENTRATION TO OIL AND GAS SEISMOLOGY PROBLEM-SOLVING RESEARCH“. Russian Journal of geophysical technologies, Nr. 1 (25.09.2018): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/2619-1563-2018-1-4.
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The applicability of pseudo-random code functions in impulse-code seismic concentration to oil and gas seismology problemsolving has been assessed through the comparative analysis of correlation functions in compliance with pseudo-random pulse sequences and linear change in pulse repetition sequences. The research shows that the correlation functions’ main peaks spectrums of pseudo-random pulse sequences are almost equal to the single impulses’ spectrums used for the sequences development. The given circumstance reflects the general possibility of pseudo-random sequences applicability to oil and gas seismology problemsolving. However, pseudo-random sequences are characterised by the increased interference level of correlative transformation, which makes the use of pseudo-random code functions in oil and gas seismology inappropriate. It is noted that not only are impulsecode pseudo-random signals characterised by high-amplitude correlation noise, but also all the other pseudo-random complex signals, e.g. random quasi-harmonic signals, contained in modern vibroseis management systems.
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Bunton, Kate, und Gary Weismer. „Evaluation of a Reiterant Force-Impulse Task in the Tongue“. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, Nr. 5 (Oktober 1994): 1020–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3705.1020.
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In the current study characteristics of a lingual force-impulse task were examined. In the task, neurologically normal adults were required to produce sequences of lingual force impulses that were modeled on sequences of syllables produced as reiterant speech. The goal of data analysis was to (a) compare the timing of the reiterant force sequences to the timing of reiterant speech sequences, (b) compare the force magnitudes to expected force variations associated with linguistic stress in the reiterant speech sequences, and (c) compare the reiterant force magnitudes to maximum lingual forces. Results indicated that reiterant force timing is typically slower than reiterant speech timing, that reiterant force magnitudes do not vary systematically as a function of stress variations in the reiterant speech utterances, and that reiterant force magnitudes are typically only a fraction of maximum lingual forces. Results are discussed in terms of the relationship between orofacial, nonspeech motor performance and speech production performance.
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Cho, Jung-Keun, und Youn-Sik Park. „Vibration reduction in flexible systems using a time-varying impulse sequence“. Robotica 13, Nr. 3 (Mai 1995): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700017835.
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SummaryAn input shaping technique using a time-varying impulse sequence is presented to reduce the motion-induced vibration of flexible systems in a feedforward way.The decoupled modal responses for a general linear time-varying system are firstly approximated. Upon this approximation, the time-varying impulse sequences to suppress the vibrational modes are found. The reference inputs to the systems are shaped by convolving with the time-varying impulse sequence to suppress the multimode vibrations. This technique can be also applied to suppress the vibration of nonlinear time-varying systems.The performance of this method is demonstrated with two practical examples: a moving overhead crane and a two-link robot manipulator. Consequently, this study provides an input shaping technique applicable to the vibration suppression of broader classes of flexible systems.
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Liu, R., und J. Elmirghani. „Performance of impulse radio direct sequence ultra-wideband system with variable-length spreading sequences“. IET Communications 1, Nr. 4 (2007): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com:20060387.
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Lo, Pei-Chen, und Wu Jue Miao Tian. „NEUROCARDIAC-CARDIORESPIRATORY INTERACTION OF HEART-BRAIN MAILUNS SYNCHRONY AT DEEP ZEN MEDITATION“. Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 28, Nr. 06 (Dezember 2016): 1650039. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237216500393.
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Innovatively new behaviors of heart rate variability caused by special heart-transition process were observed in the long-term, well-experienced Zen practitioners while practicing the heart-to-heart imprint sealing (HHIS) Zen meditation. HHIS Zen practice involves specific neurocardiac-cardiorespiratory interaction while on the way of realizing the heart-dominant, detached brain. Results of analyzing the electrocardiogram and respiratory signals of 10 experienced practitioners reveal several distinctive characteristics: (1) remarkably linear correlation between standard deviation of the normal R-to-R intervals, SDNN, and total power in very-low-frequency (VLF, 0.0033–0.04[Formula: see text]Hz) band of power spectrum of the heart-rate sequence, (2) time-varying VLF power dominating over the low-frequency and high-frequency power in heart rate variability (HRV) variations, (3) intermittent transition into slowly, deeply abdominal respiration inducing a boost of heart rates, (4) heart-rate baseline slowly fluctuating at 0.005–0.0067[Formula: see text]Hz, about 1.5–2 cycles in 5-min period, and (5) remarkable respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) synchrony between heart rate and respiration rhythm. This paper proposes a rational scientific hypothesis for the neurocardiac-cardiorespiratory mechanism. The unique scheme of HHIS Zen meditation involves the spiritual-qi concentration and refinement for pinpointing into the particular energy centers, mailuns. Ignition by a subtle, deepest abdominal respiration, electrical impulses rapidly transmit from solar plexus to branchial plexuses to activate unique heart-transition process. Simultaneously, another branch streams upward the spinal cord to cervical plexus and brainstem that effectively harmonizes neurocardiac interactions. To investigate the underlying behaviors, time-domain and frequency-domain HRV based on continuous wavelet transform were employed.
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REPKO, Miroslav, und Ján GAMEC. „COMPARISON OF THE IMPULSE AND M-SEQUENCE UWB RADAR SYSTEMS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF THE WALL THICKNESS“. Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 19, Nr. 1 (28.03.2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2019-0006.
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Chang, E. Y., K. F. Morris, R. Shannon und B. G. Lindsey. „Repeated Sequences of Interspike Intervals in Baroresponsive Respiratory Related Neuronal Assemblies of the Cat Brain Stem“. Journal of Neurophysiology 84, Nr. 3 (01.09.2000): 1136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.3.1136.
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Many neurons exhibit spontaneous activity in the absence of any specific experimental perturbation. Patterns of distributed synchrony embedded in such activity have been detected in the brain stem, suggesting that it represents more than “baseline” firing rates subject only to being regulated up or down. This work tested the hypothesis that nonrandom sequences of impulses recur in baroresponsive respiratory-related brain stem neurons that are elements of correlational neuronal assemblies. In 15 Dial-urethan anesthetized vagotomized adult cats, neuronal impulses were monitored with microelectrode arrays in the ventral respiratory group, nucleus tractus solitarius, and medullary raphe nuclei. Efferent phrenic nerve activity was recorded. Spike trains were analyzed with cycle-triggered histograms and tested for respiratory-modulated firing rates. Baroreceptors were stimulated by unilateral pressure changes in the carotid sinus or occlusion of the descending aorta; changes in firing rates were assessed with peristimulus time and cumulative sum histograms. Cross-correlation analysis was used to test for nonrandom temporal relationships between spike trains. Favored patterns of interspike interval sequences were detected in 31 of 58 single spike trains; 18 of the neurons with significant sequences also had short-time scale correlations with other simultaneously recorded cells. The number of distributed patterns exceeded that expected under the null hypothesis in 12 of 14 data sets composed of 4–11 simultaneously recorded spike trains. The data support the hypothesis that baroresponsive brain stem neurons operate in transiently configured coordinated assemblies and suggest that single neuron patterns may be fragments of distributed impulse sequences. The results further encourage the search for coding functions of spike patterns in the respiratory network.
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Gürleyük, S. S., R. Hacioglu und Ş. Cinal. „Three-step input shaper for damping tubular step motor vibrations“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, Nr. 1 (01.01.2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406jmes381.
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Input shaping technique is used to improve the performance of many flexible systems. Employing specified train of impulses convolved with a reference command can effectively reduce residual vibrations. Zero vibration, zero vibration derivative and specified insensitive or extra insensitive, and zero vibration derivative-derivative shapers are wellknown types of input shapers. These shapers improve the robustness of the system with respect to modelling errors. In this article, a coherent input shaping scheme with all positive threeimpulse sequences is developed, which is preferable to derivative shaper types. The proposed method is used for damping the tubular step motor vibrations. The method allows generating the impulse amplitudes without additional derivative constraints. The technique is also evaluated by analysing the robustness. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method.