Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Semiautonom“

Vorspann Am 3. Oktober 1940 erließ die semiautonome Regierung des sogenannten État Français, des teilweise besetzten Frankreichs unter der Führung von Philippe Pétain und Pierre Laval, ein antisemitisches „Judenstatut“. Entsprang dies der ureigenen Initiative Vichys oder war es das Resultat eines Wechselspiels mit entsprechenden Planungen der deutschen Besatzungsmacht, die nur wenig später umgesetzt wurden? Michael Mayer verteidigt seine Auffassung, dass ersteres zutrifft, gegen die kritischen Einwände von Tal Bruttmann, Laurent Joly und Barbara Lambauer.

When and how does press coverage maintain independence from governments’ preferred language? Leading scholarship argues that elites shape media content, especially in foreign affairs settings where journalists rely on official sources. But do media push back in domestic policy contexts? Focusing on immigration in Britain, we find press coverage exhibits signs of autonomy that rely on the state’s administrative branches. Our evidence comes from automated linguistic analysis of 190,000 items of migration coverage in nineteen national British newspapers from 2006 to 2015, and press releases published by the U.K. Home Office between 2010 and 2015. We show that the press increasingly portrayed immigration in terms of its scale. Then, by comparing the dynamics of a key government policy—lowering “net migration”—in press and Home Office rhetoric, we illustrate the limits of the government to insert its desired language into the press. Finally, we argue routine press interactions with the nonpolitical Office for National Statistics enabled coverage that diverged from politicians’ preferred lines. Our study contributes to press-state theory by providing evidence of media semiautonomy in a domestic policy arena, and highlighting the often-overlooked role of routine, bureaucratic procedure in supporting that autonomy.

A comprehensive review of technologies and approaches for active safety systems designed to reduce ground vehicle crashes, as well as the associated severity of injuries and fatalities, is provided. Active safety systems are commonly referred to as systems that can forewarn a driver of a potential safety hazard, or automatically intervene to reduce the likelihood of an accident without requiring driver intervention. The data from naturalistic drivers has shown that such systems are instrumental in improving vehicle safety in various conditions, particularly at higher speeds and under adverse road conditions. The increased integration of sensors, electronics, and real-time processing capabilities has served as one of the critical enabling elements in the widespread integration of active safety systems in modern vehicles. The emphasis is placed on control approaches for active safety systems and their progression over the years from antilock brakes to more advanced technologies that have nearly enabled semiautonomous driving. A review of key active safety control approaches for antilock braking, yaw stability, traction control, roll stability, and various collision avoidance systems is provided.

Gaffeltruckar är motordrivna fordon som används flitigt inom industrin för att transportera gods. Automatiseringen av dessa är ett steg i linje med digitaliseringen av industrin och ett prioriterat säkerhetsarbete, och då semiautonoma truckar anses säkrare ökar både utbud och efterfrågan på dessa. Syftet med denna rapport var att undersöka hur företag involverar användare samt integrerar säkerhetsaspekter i sin produktutvecklingsprocess av semiautonoma gaffeltruckar för att minimera risken för personskador. Även synen på automatisering bland användare och tillverkare studerades, samt vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som automatiseringen medför. Forskningsfrågorna besvarades med hjälp av en litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie med fem respondenter från tre olika företag. Resultaten från intervjustudien sammanställdes och jämfördes med den teoretiska referensramen i en efterföljande analys och diskussion. Studien visade att säkerhetsaspekterna beaktas och integreras systematiskt i början av produktutvecklingsprocessen. Tillverkarna såväl som användarna ansåg att säkerhet är en allt viktigare aspekt som upplevs ha blivit mycket bättre under bara de senaste tio åren och säkerhetsaspekterna har utvecklats till att bli mer av hygienfaktorer som måste uppnås på grund av lagkrav och regleringar. En upptäckt som gjordes var därför att användare i regel inte involveras i syfte att integrera säkerhetsfunktioner utan snarare för att möta behov som är svårare att definiera och som handlar om hur produkten ska kännas och upplevas vid användning; såsom körkänsla och ergonomi. Det finns goda möjligheter att öka säkerheten med hjälp av automatisering av gaffeltruckar. Många tillbud och olyckor uppstår på grund av mänskliga faktorer, såsom missförstånd och ouppmärksamhet. Att reducera eller eliminera den mänskliga delen skulle troligen bidra till färre problematiska situationer och misstag, vilket kan rädda liv. Andra möjligheter är kopplade till produktivitet, där det bland annat finns ekonomiska vinster att hämta när industrin effektiviseras. Samtidigt finns det alltid utmaningar i samband med stora digitala omställningar. Automatiseringen av materialhanteringen innebär en investering som behöver godkännas och genomföras, vilket även kräver förarbete och efterforskning. Just bristande kunskap var något som framhävdes som ett hinder, men varken bland användare eller tillverkare ansågs hindrena större än möjligheterna.
Forklifts are motor-driven vehicles which are frequently used for the transportation of goods in the industry. The automation of these is a step in the right direction when it comes to digitalization and prioritized safety work, and as semi-autonomous forklifts are regarded as safer, both the supply and the demand for them are increasing. The aim of this report was to investigate how companies involve users and integrate safety aspects in their product development process of semi-autonomous forklifts to minimize the risk for bodily injuries. Furthermore, the view on automation among users and manufacturers was studied, along with the possibilities and challenges automation entails. The research questions were answered through a literature study and an interview study with five respondents from three different companies. The results from the interview study were compiled and compared with the theoretical source in a subsequent analysis and discussion. The study showed that safety aspects are regarded and integrated systematically during the start of the product development process. The manufacturers as well as the users believed that safety is an aspect which is becoming more and more important and which is perceived as having improved immensely during the last ten years. The safety aspects have evolved into more of hygiene factors which need to be reached due to legislative demands and regulations. A finding from this study was therefore that users were not involved with the purpose to integrate safety functions but rather to meet demands which are more difficult to define and which concern how the product should feel and be perceived in usage, such as driving sense and ergonomics. There are good possibilities to increase safety by automation. Many mishaps and accidents originate from human factors, such as misunderstandings and lack of attention. Reducing or eliminating the human contribution would probably lead to fewer problematic situations and mistakes, which could save lives. Other possibilities are in productivity, where there are financial profits to gain when streamlining the industry. However, there are always challenges related to large, digital transitions. Automation of the material handling means an investment which needs to be approved and realized, which also requires preparatory work and research. Lack of knowledge was a suggested obstacle, but neither the users nor the manufacturers considered the obstacles larger than the possibilities.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-02T12:43:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoDaSilvaRibeiroMocitaiba_DISSERT.pdf: 3240652 bytes, checksum: ac8d62608bb771516ea0170de5b0e8ba (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-07T19:27:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoDaSilvaRibeiroMocitaiba_DISSERT.pdf: 3240652 bytes, checksum: ac8d62608bb771516ea0170de5b0e8ba (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T19:27:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoDaSilvaRibeiroMocitaiba_DISSERT.pdf: 3240652 bytes, checksum: ac8d62608bb771516ea0170de5b0e8ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
A Bacia do Parna?ba ocupa uma imensa ?rea na por??o NE do territ?rio brasileiro, abrangendo v?rios estados do Brasil. Ela ? uma sin?clise paleozoica, que contem registros desde a forma??o e desagrega??o do supercontinente Gondwana. A bacia ? sustentada por um embasamento cristalino desenvolvido ap?s a colis?o entre as plataformas Amaz?nica e Brasileira. Em um contexto tect?nico de ruptura do megacontinente Pangeia no Mesozoico, que levou ? abertura do Oceano Atl?ntico, rochas ?gneas intrusivas (diques e soleiras) e extrusivas, de composi??o b?sica, acomodaram-se na Bacia do Parna?ba, que, do ponto de vista estratigr?fico, foram divididas em duas unidades: Forma??o Mosquito Eojur?ssica e Forma??o Sardinha Eocret?cea. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo principal a cartografia geof?sica regional desses corpos magm?ticos com base em dados aeromagn?ticos e uma t?cnica de mapeamento semiautom?tico (SOM). O Matched Filter foi aplicado com o objetivo de decompor o Campo Magn?tico An?malo (CMA) da bacia em componentes relacionadas a fontes magn?ticas em diferentes profundidades. Com isso, foram obtidos os campos magn?ticos profundo (CMP), intermedi?rio (CMI) e raso (CMR). Como o CMI apresenta principalmente uma contribui??o causada por fontes magn?ticas em profundidades mais rasas na crosta superior, caracter?stica dos corpos magm?ticos da bacia, aplicamos as t?cnicas de filtragem espectral Amplitude do Sinal Anal?tico e Derivada Vertical nas anomalias magn?ticas do CMI, com o objetivo de real?ar ainda mais a resposta geof?sica dessas fontes magn?ticas, aumentando a resolu??o espacial do m?todo investigativo. Com base nas anomalias de alta amplitude e curto comprimento de onda, delimitamos dom?nios e lineamentos magn?ticos nos mapas aeromagn?ticos, correlacionando-os com os poss?veis corpos causadores. Assim, integrando os mapas geof?sicos com essas assinaturas magn?ticas ao SOM e ao mapa geol?gico, ? apresentado um mapa interpretativo com a distribui??o superficial das anomalias magn?ticas associadas ao Magmatismo Mesozoico da bacia. Os resultados indicaram que o Magmatismo Mosquito tem grande ocorr?ncia nas bordas oeste e sul da bacia, e o Magmatismo Sardinha est? concentrado nas por??es centro-leste e nordeste. Os dados de susceptibilidade magn?tica medidos nas rochas vulc?nicas da bacia individualizaram o Magmatismo Mesozoico, constatando que a Forma??o Sardinha exibe susceptibilidade magn?tica m?dia de 25,2 x 10-3 SI, aproximadamente duas vezes maior que a susceptibilidade magn?tica m?dia da Forma??o Mosquito de 11,46 x 10-3 SI, revelando uma diferencia??o composicional destes dois eventos magm?ticos. Associa??es entre as se??es s?smicas, os dados magn?ticos e o mapa geol?gico demonstraram que as anomalias do CMA e da ASA est?o relacionadas ?s soleiras e diques intrusivos, geralmente nos grupos Serra Grande, Canind? e Balsas, e s?o sensivelmente influenciadas por rochas ?gneas aflorantes ou subaflorantes. Por fim, as dire??es dos lineamentos magn?ticos revelaram que riftes de dire??es ENE-WSW e NNE-SSW, associados ? desagrega??o do Gondwana Oeste, e trends estruturais E-W e NE-SW, associados ? Zona de Cisalhamento Transbrasiliano, exerceram controle estrutural sobre o Magmatismo Mesozoico da bacia do Parna?ba.
The Parna?ba Basin occupies a large area in the NE portion of Brazil, covering several states. It is a Paleozoic syneclise that contains records from the formation and break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent. The basin is supported by a crystalline basement developed after the collision between the Amazonian and Brazilian platforms. During the Mesozoic break-up of the Pangea megacontinent, which contributed to the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, intrusive igneous (dykes and sills) and extrusive rocks took place in the Parna?ba Basin. In the stratigraphic context, those igneous rocks were divided into two units: Early Jurassic Mosquito and Early Cretaceous Sardinha formations. The main objective of this research is a regional geophysical mapping of these magmatic bodies based on aeromagnetic data and self-organizing map technique (SOM). Matched Filter was applied in order to decompose the Total Magnetic Intensity anomalies (TMI) of the basin in their components related to magnetic sources at different depths: Deep (DMF), Intermediate (IMF), and Shallow Magnetic Fields (SMF). As the IMF anomalies mainly present contributions from magnetic sources at shallower depths in the upper crust, characteristics of such magmatic bodies, spectral filtering techniques (Analytic Signal Amplitude and Vertical Derivative) were applied to IMF data in order to enhance the geophysical response of these magnetic sources, increasing the spatial resolution of the investigative method. Based on high amplitude and short wavelength anomalies, magnetic domains and lineaments were delimited in aeromagnetic maps and correlated with the possible causative bodies. Thus, the correlation of the geophysical maps with SOM solutions and the geological map allowed to propose an interpretive map with the surface distribution of magnetic anomalies associated with Mesozoic Magmatism in the Parna?ba basin. The results indicated that the Mosquito Magmatism has great occurrence at the western and southern basin edges and the Sardinha Magmatism is located at the centraleastern and northeastern parts. Magnetic susceptibility data, measured in the magmatic rocks, permitted individualizing the Mesozoic Magmatism.The Sardinha Formation displays average magnetic susceptibility of 25.2 x 10-3 SI, about two times higher than the values of 11.46 x 10 -3 SI obtained to Formation Mosquito, revealing a compositional differentiation of these two magmatic events. Associations between seismic sections, magnetic data and geological map showed that the high amplitude anomalies in the Analytic Signal and TMI maps are associated with sills and dykes intruded usually within Balsas, Canind? and Serra Grande groups, and are significantly influenced by outcropping or at near-surface buried igneous rocks. Finally, the directions of the magnetic lineaments revealed that ENE-WSW and NNE-SSW oriented rifts, associated with the break-up of West Gondwana, and E-W and NE-SW structural trends, associated with Transbrasiliano Shear Zone, exercised structural control over the Mesozoic Magmatism of the Parna?ba basin.

In first part of this paper, methods for reducing complexity of building 3D maps are introduced. These methods use predictions about scene properties or special hardware devices for reducing complexity such as a laser range finder, an omnidirection camera or both. Furthermore, an algorithm for creating a reconstructed scene using a camera and robot odometry is presented. The method presupposes moving on a straight floor and an indoor environment. A user can interact with the algorithm and help with creating model or with repairing parts of the model, if they were not satisfactorily created by the automatic algorithm. An interaction also allows to apply the method in various environments, which weren't initially planned. So, the adaptation to the new environment may be done by a user. The output model is exported to the common format for virtual reality VRML. This allows to view the model in e.g. a web browser. The presented method was implemented with a user interface to enable an interaction with the algorithm. The method was tested on data from the real world and the effectiveness of each user's interferences was evaluated.