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Shalaby, Abouzeid M. „Isomorphic Hilbert spaces associated with different complex contours of the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric (-x4) theory“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, Nr. 11n12 (25.04.2014): 1450059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14500596.
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In this work, we stress the existence of isomorphisms which map complex contours from the upper half to contours in the lower half of the complex plane. The metric operator is found to depend on the chosen contour but the maps connecting different contours are norm-preserving. To elucidate these features, we parametrized the contour [Formula: see text] considered in Phys. Rev. D 73, 085002 (2006) for the study of wrong sign x4 theory. For the parametrized contour of the form [Formula: see text], we found that there exists an equivalent Hermitian Hamiltonian provided that a2c is taken to be real. The equivalent Hamiltonian is b-independent but the metric operator is found to depend on all the parameters a, b and c. Different values of these parameters generate different metric operators which define different Hilbert spaces. All these Hilbert spaces are isomorphic to each other even for the parameter values that define contours with ends in two adjacent wedges. As an example, we showed that the transition amplitudes associated with the contour [Formula: see text] are exactly the same as those calculated using the contour [Formula: see text], which is not [Formula: see text]-symmetric and has ends in two adjacent wedges in the complex plane.
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Eckert, Aubrey, Nevin Martin, Ryan G. Coe, Bibiana Seng, Zacharia Stuart und Zachary Morrell. „Development of a Comparison Framework for Evaluating Environmental Contours of Extreme Sea States“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, Nr. 1 (25.12.2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010016.
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Environmental contours of extreme sea states are often utilized for the purposes of reliability-based offshore design. Many methods have been proposed to estimate environmental contours of extreme sea states, including, but not limited to, the traditional inverse first-order reliability method (I-FORM) and subsequent modifications, copula methods, and Monte Carlo methods. These methods differ in terms of both the methodology selected for defining the joint distribution of sea state parameters and in the method used to construct the environmental contour from the joint distribution. It is often difficult to compare the results of proposed methods to determine which method should be used for a particular application or geographical region. The comparison of the predictions from various contour methods at a single site and across many sites is important to making environmental contours of extreme sea states useful in practice. The goal of this paper is to develop a comparison framework for evaluating methods for developing environmental contours of extreme sea states. This paper develops generalized metrics for comparing the performance of contour methods to one another across a collection of study sites, and applies these metrics and methods to develop conclusions about trends in the wave resource across geographic locations, as demonstrated for a pilot dataset. These proposed metrics and methods are intended to judge the environmental contours themselves relative to other contour methods, and are thus agnostic to a specific device, structure, or field of application. The metrics developed and applied in this paper include measures of predictive accuracy, physical validity, and aggregated temporal performance that can be used to both assess contour methods and provide recommendations for the use of certain methods in various geographical regions. The application and aggregation of the metrics proposed in this paper outline a comparison framework for environmental contour methods that can be applied to support design analysis workflows for offshore structures. This comparison framework could be extended in future work to include additional metrics of interest, potentially including those to address issues pertinent to a specific application area or analysis discipline, such as metrics related to structural response across contour methods or additional physics-based metrics based on wave dynamics.
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Zhou, Han, Yikun Li, Ying Gu, Zetian Shen, Xixu Zhu und Yun Ge. „A deep learning based automatic segmentation approach for anatomical structures in intensity modulation radiotherapy“. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 18, Nr. 6 (2021): 7506–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2021371.
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<abstract> <sec><title>Objective</title><p>To evaluate the automatic segmentation approach for organ at risk (OARs) and compare the parameters of dose volume histogram (DVH) in radiotherapy. Methodology: Thirty-three patients were selected to contour OARs using automatic segmentation approach which based on U-Net, applying them to a number of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), breast, and rectal cancer respectively. The automatic contours were transferred to the Pinnacle System to evaluate contour accuracy and compare the DVH parameters.</p> </sec> <sec><title>Results</title><p>The time for manual contour was 56.5 ± 9, 23.12 ± 4.23 and 45.23 ± 2.39min for the OARs of NPC, breast and rectal cancer, and for automatic contour was 1.5 ± 0.23, 1.45 ± 0.78 and 1.8 ± 0.56 min. Automatic contours of Eye with the best Dice-similarity coefficients (DSC) of 0.907 ± 0.02 while with the poorest DSC of 0.459 ± 0.112 of Spinal Cord for NPC; And Lung with the best DSC of 0.944 ± 0.03 while with the poorest DSC of 0.709 ± 0.1 of Spinal Cord for breast; And Bladder with the best DSC of 0.91 ± 0.04 while with the poorest DSC of 0.43 ± 0.1 of Femoral heads for rectal cancer. The contours of Spinal Cord in H & N had poor results due to the division of the medulla oblongata. The contours of Femoral head, which different from what we expect, also due to manual contour result in poor DSC.</p> </sec> <sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The automatic contour approach based deep learning method with sufficient accuracy for research purposes. However, the value of DSC does not fully reflect the accuracy of dose distribution, but can cause dose changes due to the changes in the OARs volume and DSC from the data. Considering the significantly time-saving and good performance in partial OARs, the automatic contouring also plays a supervisory role.</p> </sec> </abstract>
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Poom, Leo. „Visual Inter-Attribute Contour Completion“. Perception 30, Nr. 7 (Juli 2001): 855–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3222.
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A new visual phenomenon, inter-attribute illusory (completed) contours, is demonstrated. Contour completions are perceived between any combination of spatially separate pairs of inducing elements (Kanizsa-like ‘pacman’ figures) defined either by pictorial cues (luminance contrast or offset gratings), temporal contrast (motion, second-order-motion or ‘phantom’ contours), or binocular-disparity contrast. In a first experiment, observers reported the perceived occurrence of contour completion for all pair combinations of inducing elements. In a second experiment they rated the perceived clarity of the completed contours. Both methods generated similar results—contour completions were perceived even though the inducing elements were defined by different attributes. Ratings of inter-attribute clarity were no lower than in either of the two corresponding intra-attribute conditions and seem to be the average of these two ratings. The results provide evidence for the existence of attribute-invariant Gestalt processes, and on a mechanistic level indicate that the completion process operates on attribute-invariant contour detectors.
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Director, Hannah M., Adrian E. Raftery und Cecilia M. Bitz. „Improved Sea Ice Forecasting through Spatiotemporal Bias Correction“. Journal of Climate 30, Nr. 23 (Dezember 2017): 9493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0185.1.
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A new method, called contour shifting, is proposed for correcting the bias in forecasts of contours such as sea ice concentration above certain thresholds. Retrospective comparisons of observations and dynamical model forecasts are used to build a statistical spatiotemporal model of how predicted contours typically differ from observed contours. Forecasted contours from a dynamical model are then adjusted to correct for expected errors in their location. The statistical model changes over time to reflect the changing error patterns that result from reducing sea ice cover in the satellite era in both models and observations. For an evaluation period from 2001 to 2013, these bias-corrected forecasts are on average more accurate than the unadjusted dynamical model forecasts for all forecast months in the year at four different lead times. The total area, which is incorrectly categorized as containing sea ice or not, is reduced by 3.3 × 105 km2 (or 21.3%) on average. The root-mean-square error of forecasts of total sea ice area is also reduced for all lead times.
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Baumann, Brian C., Walter Bosch, Amit Bahl, Alison J. Birtle, Rodney H. Breau, Amarnath Challapalli, Albert Chang et al. „Development and validation of contouring guidelines for post-cystectomy adjuvant radiation of bladder cancer.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, Nr. 2_suppl (10.01.2016): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.409.
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409 Background: Several organizations are developing clinical trials to evaluate adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for bladder cancer patients at elevated risk of locoregional failure (LF). However, the clinical target volumes (CTVs) & organs at risk (OARs) for this treatment have not been defined in detail. Our purpose was to define multi-institutional consensus CTVs & OARs for male & female bladder cancer patients undergoing adjuvant RT in clinical trials. Methods: We convened a multi-disciplinary group of bladder cancer specialists from 9 centers in 3 countries. 5 radiation oncologists (ROs) & 7 urologists participated in the development of the proposed contours. The group proposed initial language for the CTVs & OARs and contoured them on CT scans of a male & female cystectomy patient with input from ≥ 1 urologist at each center. Using the binomial maximum-likelihood estimates method, we generated 95% level initial contours. We evaluated the contours for level of agreement using the Landis & Koch interpretation of the K statistic. Based on the initial contouring, the group updated its descriptions of the CTVs & OARs. To determine if the revised language produced consistent contours, the cystectomy bed (CB) contour was redrawn on the CT sets by an additional 5 ROs. Results: The group proposed that patients at elevated risk for LF with R0 resections should be treated to the pelvic nodes alone (internal/external iliac, distal common iliac & presacral) whereas patients with ≥ R1 resections should be treated to the pelvic nodes & CB. The group proposed the rectum, bowel space, bone marrow & urinary diversion as OARs. The level of agreement for the initial CTVs & OARs from the group varied substantially (Table). Consensus language to describe CTV & OAR structures where the initial contours varied was successfully developed. Contours & feedback from the validation group are being analyzed. Conclusions: Initial descriptions of CTVs & OARs have been successfully developed. External validation & feedback are pending. The results will be applicable to clinical trials of adjuvant RT in bladder cancer. [Table: see text]
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Zhao, Zhouxiang, Hongwu Wu, Meng Zhang, Shiqiang Fu und Kang Zhu. „Fiber Orientation Reconstruction from SEM Images of Fiber-Reinforced Composites“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 6 (14.03.2023): 3700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063700.
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The orientation of fibers in composites reinforced with short fibers can provide insight into the microstructure of the material and considerably affect its macroscopic characteristics. However, the present standard techniques for detecting fiber orientation and length based on microscopic image processing have faults in practical applications, including high effort, low efficiency, and unreliable measurement results. In this study, a method for measuring fiber orientation based on 3D reconstructions of scanning electron microscope (SEM) images is provided. The geodesic active contour (GAC) model is applied to segment the fibers in the SEM images. Matching the fiber contours with the scale-invariant feature transformation (SIFT) algorithm successfully extracts 3D orientation information from the fiber contours. The unit vector of the fiber axis is fitted from the extracted point cloud using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. With a maximum deviation of 3.83° and an average deviation of 1.50°, the measurement findings of this method are substantially comparable to those of the image-measuring instrument. This paper offers a quantitative approach to studying the microstructure of short fiber-reinforced composites, thereby furnishing objective evidence to support the development and research of such materials.
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Wrang, Linus, Eirini Katsidoniotaki, Erik Nilsson, Anna Rutgersson, Jesper Rydén und Malin Göteman. „Comparative Analysis of Environmental Contour Approaches to Estimating Extreme Waves for Offshore Installations for the Baltic Sea and the North Sea“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, Nr. 1 (18.01.2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010096.
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At the stage of design load analysis for offshore installations such as wave energy systems, a critical step is the determination of environmental cases to be evaluated for the definition of the characteristic design load. A commonly used methodology for load case selection, applied in multiple studies and recommended by technical specifications and guidelines, is the environmental contour approach. Here, 50-year environmental contours were generated for four study sites located in the North Sea, Skagerrak and the Baltic Sea by considering both observations and hindcast (model) data. For the construction of the contours, the well-established inverse first-order method (I-FORM) and a modified version using principal component analysis (PCA) were both examined. Furthermore, a 2-dimensional peaks-over-threshold (2D POT) method was evaluated. It was found that a version of the regular I-FORM was able to produce satisfactory contours which properly accounted for the highest waves. When using PCA, the dependency in the data was not properly captured by the probability functions under consideration. The 2D POT method, where applicable, was found to underestimate the extreme sea states. Comparisons between contours obtained from observations and hindcast data showed that the contours may differ substantially depending on the site and method, and thus care must be exercised when using hindcast data for such purposes.
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Mikulić, Antonio, und Joško Parunov. „Environmental Contours in the Adriatic Sea for Design and Analysis of Marine Structures“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, Nr. 5 (23.04.2023): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050899.
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The environmental contours represent an approach for defining extreme environmental conditions, resulting in extreme responses of marine structures with a given return period. Over the past decade, an increasing number of studies have been developed dealing with the methods for defining environmental contours and enhancing their practical application in different marine environments. In the present study, environmental contours describing significant wave heights and peak wave periods are created for the Adriatic Sea. This small semi-enclosed sea basin within the Mediterranean Sea encounters increasing maritime and offshore activities. Considering also a great but still unused potential for the installation of renewable energy facilities, the main motives for the presented study are concluded. The environmental contours are established based on 24 years of hindcast wave data extracted from the WorldWaves database. Joint distributions consisting of the marginal distribution of significant wave height and conditional distributions of peak wave periods are used as a basis for the creation of environmental contours using the IFORM and ISORM methods. Return periods of 1 year, 25 years, and 100 years are considered relevant for the marine operation, design of ships, and offshore structures, respectively. A possibility of environmental contour practical application to the calculation of global wave loads upon ship structures is presented. Based on the uncertainty assessment performed, conservative environmental contours for the whole Adriatic are also presented.
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Kozma, P., I. Kovács und G. Benedek. „Late Maturation (Age >5 Years) of Long-Range Spatial Interactions in Humans“. Perception 26, Nr. 1_suppl (August 1997): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970113.
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We have studied the development of long-range spatial interactions in children (age 5 – 14 years) with normal vision. In our field study involving 410 normal children we used a battery of contour-integration cards that were developed earlier to test amblyopic patients (Kovács, Polat, and Norcia, paper presented at ARVO 1996). Each card consisted of a closed chain of collinearly aligned Gabor patches (contour) and a background of randomly oriented and positioned Gabor patches (noise). Subjects were asked to identify the location of the contour, and also to trace the contour within each card. The value of P was varied across cards (1.1 > P > 0.65), where P is the ratio of noise spacing to contour spacing. It is assumed that long-range, orientation-specific facilitatory interactions connect collinear contour segments together for P < 1. The strength of long-range interactions is defined by the minimal value of P yielding contour segregation. Children in the 13 – 14 years age group were able to see most of the contours ( Pmin < 0.7), while 5 – 6-year-old children missed the contours in about half of the cards ( Pmin < 0.9). This result indicates a very late maturation of long-range spatial interactions. It is possible that the late formation of horizontal connections in superficial layers of the human primary visual cortex (Burkhalter et al, 1993 Journal of Neuroscience13 1916 – 1931) is the neural basis of our developmental finding.
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Sichacá, Martín Barajas, und Yutaro Kabata. „Projection of crosscap“. International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 16, Nr. 09 (September 2019): 1950130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887819501305.
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The apparent contour of a surface in [Formula: see text]-space can be investigated in terms of singularity theory. We show the precise bifurcation diagrams of the apparent contours of generic crosscap surfaces with respect to orthogonal projections. Especially, our bifurcation diagrams contain also the information of the projected images of the singular sets of crosscap surfaces.
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Bach, Joachim S. „ENVIRONMENTAL CONTOUR ESTABLISHMENT BASED ON OPENLY AVAILABLE EMODNET WAVE AND WIND DATA FOLLOWING HEFFERNAN AND TAWN METHODOLOGIES“. Coastal Engineering Proceedings, Nr. 37 (01.09.2023): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.waves.37.
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In this paper, I present methodologies and routines for inference of environmental contours based on openly available data from the European EMODnet service, specifically wind and wave timeseries from oil platform 6200146. The conditional marginal distribution models, known as environmental contours, is established based on measured wind and wave heights, at platform 6200146 located in the North Sea. The data is provided through the openly available data platform, EMODnet. The environmental contour model is established by fitting univariate distributions to each data-series independently, whereafter an extremal dependence structure is established following methodologies outlined in (Janet E. heffernan, 2004).
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Freedman, Eric G. „The Role of Diatonicism in the Abstraction and Representation of Contour and Interval Information“. Music Perception 16, Nr. 3 (1999): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285797.
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Previous research on melody recognition indicates that listeners can recognize contour information when melodies are retained for brief intervals and can recognize interval information of melodies held in longterm memory. However, past research has failed to control for the diatonicism and familiarity of the melodies. In three experiments, the relative contributions of contour and interval information during the abstraction of novel diatonic and nondiatonic sequences are examined. Listeners recognize the melodic contours of melodies held over an extended retention interval. Additionally, listeners use the diatonic context to recognize both the contour and interval information. In nondiatonic contexts, listeners rely predominantly on the contour information. In addition, musically experienced listeners can recognize both the contour and interval information, whereas musically inexperienced listeners rely predominantly on the contour information. Recognition of melodic contour remained relatively accurate during a 24-hr retention interval. Thus, the results indicate that the diatonic scale mediates the abstraction of interval information. Listeners seem to acquire a musical schema for diatonic melodies.
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Lakshmanan, N., B. K. Raghuprasad, N. Gopalakrishnan, R. Sreekala und G. V. Rama Rao. „Comparative study on damage identification from Iso-Eigen-Value-Change contours and smeared damage model“. Structural Engineering and Mechanics 35, Nr. 6 (20.08.2010): 735–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2010.35.6.735.
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Zhao, Rongchang, Min Wu, Xiyao Liu, Beiji Zou und Fangfang Li. „Orientation Histogram-Based Center-Surround Interaction: An Integration Approach for Contour Detection“. Neural Computation 29, Nr. 1 (Januar 2017): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00911.
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Contour is a critical feature for image description and object recognition in many computer vision tasks. However, detection of object contour remains a challenging problem because of disturbances from texture edges. This letter proposes a scheme to handle texture edges by implementing contour integration. The proposed scheme integrates structural segments into contours while inhibiting texture edges with the help of the orientation histogram-based center-surround interaction model. In the model, local edges within surroundings exert a modulatory effect on central contour cues based on the co-occurrence statistics of local edges described by the divergence of orientation histograms in the local region. We evaluate the proposed scheme on two well-known challenging boundary detection data sets (RuG and BSDS500). The experiments demonstrate that our scheme achieves a high [Formula: see text]-measure of up to 0.74. Results show that our scheme achieves integrating accurate contour while eliminating most of texture edges, a novel approach to long-range feature analysis.
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Zamorov, V., M. Zamorova, D. Krupko, N. Matvienko, Y. Leonchyk und Y. Kvach. „Shape Analysis of Otoliths of the Round goby, Neogobius melanostomus (Gobiiformes, Gobiidae), from the Black Sea Basin“. Zoodiversity 55, Nr. 4 (2021): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2021.04.317.
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The aim of this study was to assess the discriminability of the stocks of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus based on the shape of its otoliths. Recent otolith-shape-based species and stock discrimination studies were using otolith contours in sagittal plane and we are following this approach. We hypothesized the possibility of existence of several geographically separated populations of the round goby. Round gobies have been sampled from different locations of the North-Western Black Sea, otoliths were removed in course of the full biological analysis and photographed in sagittal plane. Principal components of the otolith contour were processed by linear discriminant analysis aiming to cross-validate the discriminability of round gobies placed at different geographical locations. This would allow demonstration of different stocks or populations. This research allows to conclude the limited applicability of otolith contours for discrimination of stocks or populations of round goby based on multiple annual samples. However, neither classification matrices of discriminant analysis nor cluster analysis dendrograms showed a single pattern except for the high year to year otoliths variability. This allows to hypothesise a strong response of contour formation to habitat and feeding conditions. However, this assumption needs to be verified by further studies.
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Weisbuch, François, und Jirka Schatz. „Characterizing interlayer edge placement with SEM contours“. Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 18, Nr. 02 (15.04.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmm.18.2.021203.
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Lehar, Steven. „Directional Harmonic Theory: A Computational Gestalt Model to Account for Illusory Contour and Vertex Formation“. Perception 32, Nr. 4 (April 2003): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5011.
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Visual illusions and perceptual grouping phenomena offer an invaluable tool for probing the computational mechanism of low-level visual processing. Some illusions, like the Kanizsa figure, reveal illusory contours that form edges collinear with the inducing stimulus. This kind of illusory contour has been modeled by neural network models by way of cells equipped with elongated spatial receptive fields designed to detect and complete the collinear alignment. There are, however, other illusory groupings which are not so easy to account for in neural network terms. The Ehrenstein illusion exhibits an illusory contour that forms a contour orthogonal to the stimulus instead of collinear with it. Other perceptual grouping effects reveal illusory contours that exhibit a sharp corner or vertex, and still others take the form of vertices defined by the intersection of three, four, or more illusory contours that meet at a point. A direct extension of the collinear completion models to account for these phenomena tends towards a combinatorial explosion, because it would suggest cells with specialized receptive fields configured to perform each of those completion types, each of which would have to be replicated at every location and every orientation across the visual field. These phenomena therefore challenge the adequacy of the neural network approach to account for these diverse perceptual phenomena. I have proposed elsewhere an alternative paradigm of neurocomputation in the harmonic resonance theory (Lehar 1999, see website), whereby pattern recognition and completion are performed by spatial standing waves across the neural substrate. The standing waves perform a computational function analogous to that of the spatial receptive fields of the neural network approach, except that, unlike that paradigm, a single resonance mechanism performs a function equivalent to a whole array of spatial receptive fields of different spatial configurations and of different orientations, and thereby avoids the combinatorial explosion inherent in the older paradigm. The present paper presents the directional harmonic model, a more specific development of the harmonic resonance theory, designed to account for specific perceptual grouping phenomena. Computer simulations of the directional harmonic model show that it can account for collinear contours as observed in the Kanizsa figure, orthogonal contours as seen in the Ehrenstein illusion, and a number of illusory vertex percepts composed of two, three, or more illusory contours that meet in a variety of configurations.
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Kodur, V. K. R., B. A. Ghani, M. A. Sultan, T. T. Lie und M. El-Shayeb. „A model for evaluating the fire resistance of contour-protected steel columns“. Structural Engineering and Mechanics 12, Nr. 5 (25.11.2001): 559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2001.12.5.559.
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Shi, Y. J., S. Wang, Z. J. Jakubek und B. Simard. „A vacuum ultraviolet laser single-photon zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopic study of the 2E3/2 ground electronic state of CH3Br+“. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 82, Nr. 6 (01.06.2004): 1077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v04-051.
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The vacuum ultraviolet laser single-photon zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectrum of the [Formula: see text]2E3/2 ground electronic state of the methyl bromide cation is reported. The spectrum is dominated by the origin band 000 of the transition [Formula: see text]2E3/2 ← [Formula: see text]1A1. In addition, the 210 band and the 311 hot band are observed. All observed bands show similar rotational contours. Simulation of the rotational contour of the origin band yields the first ionization energy of methyl bromide (85 031.2 ± 1.0 cm1) and the rotational constants of the cation in its ground electronic state. Key words: methyl bromide, vacuum ultraviolet laser, single-photon excitation, zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Wardani, Dianita, Agus Khumaidi, Rizal Fahmi, Imah Luluk Kusminah und Basuki Rahmat. „Coating Inspection on Sea Transportation Equipment (Ship) Using Image Processing“. Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research 2, Nr. 2 (22.06.2024): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.69693/ijim.v2i2.133.
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Research in the last decade, particularly in this research there are methods and steps for completion, namely 4 process steps, including: First of all, take samples and image data from the parts of the ship that are being repaired and maintained, Then, in making the prototype tool resulting from the coating, it is assembled using several tools, mini PC is installed with a web camera, next the image for the observation further processes and processed using the edge method contours detection with the help of cany to obtain the contrast and contour from the ship's hull. For next process, uses Neural Network for image creation processes taken from prototype plating or plating on observed ship parts. Some mixed results from the process. The images taken areand thenthe data obtained is processed and its form is observedfor shape, pattern,corrosion, contour and so on layers formed. There are two classifications of RGB and GLCM results, the rejected results can match the corrosion spot found on the hull, and the accepted results mean no corrosion spot found.
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Bravo, Mary, Randolph Blake und Sharon Morrison. „Cats see subjective contours“. Vision Research 28, Nr. 8 (Januar 1988): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(88)90095-8.
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Croonen, W. L. M., und P. F. M. Kop. „Tonality, Tonal Scheme, and Contour in Delayed Recognition of Tone Sequences“. Music Perception 7, Nr. 1 (1989): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285448.
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Two experiments were conducted to test Bartlett and Dowling's conclusion (1980) that the key of a tone sequence strongly influences recognition for short retention intervals, that the influence decreases with increasing retention time, and that the importance of the melodic interval information increases during the retention interval. Five different retention times were used (1,5,8,15, and 30 sec), together with standard tone sequences with a clear tonal scheme and two different contours (two or four directional contour changes). Subjects with moderate musical experience were able to discriminate tonal imitations and transpositions of the standards at all retention times; the number of contour changes did not influence the responses. It was concluded that interval information can be extracted from sequences with strong cues for a particular key within a very short period of time and that one of the major dimensions of tone sequences is not tonality or nontonality, but rather the degree of tonal clarity. This characteristic even may be superior to the number of contour changes.
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Bonta, Steven. „The lens of firstness: Shamanic/Aboriginal culture as cosmos-sign“. Semiotica 2018, Nr. 221 (26.03.2018): 143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0139.
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AbstractHaving identified previously (Bonta 2015) the Peircean Category Firstness as the semiotic basis (or cultural Prime Symbol) for Australian Aboriginal culture, this paper examines the “lens” of Firstness as it is manifest in a variety of aboriginal (or “Shamanic”) cultures worldwide. By studying the semiotic contours of religion, language, social organization, and art, we find systemic prioritization of Firstness in its various manifestations, across a wide range of aboriginal cultures from Australia to the Indian Subcontinent to aboriginal Siberia and the New World. Shamanic culture, despite its ethnic and geographic variety, may therefore be represented as a semiotic type – and, in addition, one that, in its pristine form, is nearly extinct.
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XIE, ZHIFENG. „NULL ZIG-ZAG WILSON LOOPS IN $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM“. Modern Physics Letters A 25, Nr. 08 (14.03.2010): 627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310032093.
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In planar [Formula: see text] supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory we have studied one kind of (locally) BPS Wilson loops composed of a large number of light-like segments, i.e. null zig-zags. These contours oscillate around smooth underlying spacelike paths. At one-loop in perturbation theory, we have compared the finite part of the expectation value of null zig-zags to the finite part of the expectation value of non-scalar-coupled Wilson loops whose contours are the underlying smooth spacelike paths. In arXiv:0710.1060 [hep-th] it was argued that these quantities are equal for the case of a rectangular Wilson loop. Here we present a modest extension of this result to zig-zags of circular shape and zig-zags following non-parallel, disconnected line segments and show analytically that the one-loop finite part is indeed that given by the smooth spacelike Wilson loop without coupling to scalars which the zig-zag contour approximates. We make some comments regarding the generalization to arbitrary shapes.
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Yoo, Joon-Taek, Kyum Joon Park, Kyunglee Lee und Dasom Lee. „A First Study on Distribution Characteristics of Common Dolphin in Korean Waters: A Study Using Data Collected during the Past 20 Years“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, Nr. 9 (22.08.2023): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091635.
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The common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) is the second-most bycaught species in Korean waters. To provide key information about their habitat boundaries and hotspots for spatial conservation and management, the spatial use of this species was examined using data obtained from sighting and bycatch surveys of cetaceans in the past 20 years. The 95% minimum convex polygon and 95% density contour of fixed-kernel analysis suggested that the boundary of the home range of common dolphins is limited to the coastal region (Busan–Sokcho) of the East Sea/Sea of Japan. From 50% density contours drawn by kernel density estimation, it was suggested that their hotspots are around the coast of Ulsan–Pohang, Doghae, and Sokcho within the home range. Common dolphins were not observed in the Yellow Sea. Hence, shallow waters in the geographic area of the coastal region of the Yellow Sea are likely not a suitable habitat for common dolphins in this region.
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Prabowo, Aditya Rio, Dong Myung Bae und Jung Min Sohn. „Behavior Prediction of Ship Structure due to Side Impact Scenario by Dynamic-Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 862 (Januar 2017): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.862.253.
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The development of safety has become issue especially for marine and ocean vessels. However, the limitless possibilities of various phenomenon on the sea, make the observation and prediction of ship structure are continuously needed. Side impact is one of those phenomenon. Due to the complexity of ship structure, this phenomenon occurs and produces high nonlinearities, which influence the extent and contour of structural behavior. Such interesting phenomenon was reviewed and studied in present paper using dynamic finite element analysis as the effect of the dependent characteristic of phenomenon to time. Several side scenario models were used to obtain different results in respect of impact location. The kinetic and total energies were presented together with the contours of stress and displacement at two sides of side constructions. Results indicated that the contribution of construction arrangement was significantly affected stress distribution in longitudinal direction of ship hull, while displacement contour from certain scenario produced high intensity on longitudinal member of side construction.
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Chernomorets, Darya Andreevna, Andrey Alekseevich Chernomorets, Evgeniya Vitalievna Bolgova und Maria Aleksandrovna Petina. „On estimating the size of informative fragments in the sea surface images“. Research result. Information technologies 9, Nr. 2 (28.06.2024): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2518-1092-2024-9-2-0-1.
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The paper proposes a solution to one of the problems arising in the construction of modern traffic safety systems in marine areas, namely, estimating the size of informative fragments in the image, which it seems advisable to use when detecting foreign objects on the sea surface image. It is proposed to estimate the size of informative fragments based on calculating the average distance between the contours of the wave elements visible in the image, such as their crests, depressions, etc. The contours of these wave elements are determined based on the Canny operator. The estimation of the sizes of informative fragments is performed along the columns and rows of the analyzed image. Computational experiments have been carried out to illustrate the developed algorithm efficiency. The obtained estimates of the sizes of informative fragments of sea surface images seem appropriate to use in their analysis, in particular, when solving problems of detecting foreign objects on sea surface images.
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Gervino, Gianpiero, Giovanni Mana und Carlo Palmisano. „The ellipsoidal nested sampling and the expression of the model uncertainty in measurements“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, Nr. 15 (16.06.2016): 1541002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215410027.
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In this paper, we consider the problems of identifying the most appropriate model for a given physical system and of assessing the model contribution to the measurement uncertainty. The above problems are studied in terms of Bayesian model selection and model averaging. As the evaluation of the “evidence” [Formula: see text], i.e., the integral of Likelihood × Prior over the space of the measurand and the parameters, becomes impracticable when this space has [Formula: see text] dimensions, it is necessary to consider an appropriate numerical strategy. Among the many algorithms for calculating [Formula: see text], we have investigated the ellipsoidal nested sampling, which is a technique based on three pillars: The study of the iso-likelihood contour lines of the integrand, a probabilistic estimate of the volume of the parameter space contained within the iso-likelihood contours and the random samplings from hyperellipsoids embedded in the integration variables. This paper lays out the essential ideas of this approach.
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Danilatos, G. D. „Gas-flow field in the environmental SEM“. Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, Nr. 2 (August 1992): 1298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100131127.
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The study of the gas flow in the environmental SEM (ESEM) is important both for the instrument design and for determining the environmental conditions around the specimen. Some results from such a study were published previously and the present report is a continuation from the same work. The Monte Carlo simulation method for the gas flow was used. Of particular importance is the question on the flow field contours as the specimen approaches the pressure limiting aperture (PLA) and the question on the mass density of the supersonic jet formed above the plane of the PLA and on the mass density immediately below the aperture.A conically shaped PLA is preferred for several reasons; one such reason is that it allows the preservation of a stagnation pressure environment over the specimen surface for a short distance down to one PLA diameter (D): In Fig. 1 the specimen is placed 1.2 mm (i.e. 3 PLA diameters) below the aperture, and from the number density contours no effect is observed over the specimen surface.
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Wei, Xueyun, Wei Zheng, Caiping Xi und Shang Shang. „Shoreline Extraction in SAR Image Based on Advanced Geometric Active Contour Model“. Remote Sensing 13, Nr. 4 (10.02.2021): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040642.
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Rapid and accurate extraction of shoreline is of great significance for the use and management of sea area. Remote sensing has a strong ability to obtain data and has obvious advantages in shoreline survey. Compared with visible-light remote sensing, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the characteristics of all-weather and all-day working. It has been well-applied in shoreline extraction. However, due to the influence of natural conditions there is a problem of weak boundary in extracting shoreline from SAR images. In addition, the complex micro topography near the shoreline makes it difficult for traditional visual interpretation and image edge detection methods based on edge information to obtain a continuous and complete shoreline in SAR images. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a method to detect the land–sea boundary based on a geometric active contour model. In this method, a new symbolic pressure function is used to improve the geometric active-contour model, and the global regional smooth information is used as the convergence condition of curve evolution. Then, the influence of different initial contours on the number and time of iterations is studied. The experimental results show that this method has the advantages of fewer iteration times, good stability and high accuracy.
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Oktaviani, Nadya, Prayudha Hartanto, Ratna Sari Dewi, Danang Budi Susetyo, Sandi Aditya, Irmadi Nahib und Hollanda Arief Kusuma. „Coastline Accuracy Assessment Developed By Using Multi Data Source“. Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 7, Nr. 1 (18.02.2023): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v7i1.4761.
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Coastline Modeling Accuracy Assessment Developed By Using from Multi-Source Data. The coastal regions need to be developed because many big cities in Indonesia are located in these areas. However, it is crucial to determine the distance from the beach that is safe as the requirement for development along the coastal zone. The term of the beach is very closely affiliated with the coastline. The method of determining the coastline continues to be developed to fulfill the many needs related to the coastline. The coastline has a dynamic position. The land contour along the coast and the tide's state become several things that affect the coastline. Therefore, a dynamic model is required to define coastline positioning because both conditions are easy to change. The coastline determination from multi-source data modeling using DEM results is rarely done. In this study, coastline determination uses land height contours combined with sea depth contours and uses Mean Sea Level (MSL) value for vertical reference using the DEM model. The model's accuracy is tested by comparing the coastline delineation model and the Geospatial Information Agency coastline to test the DEM model generated before determining the coastline using this model as the reference. Based on this study, the compared shoreline models and delineation have gaps. This gap might be influenced by the data source, the model's resolution, and the data collection method.
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Li, Ce, Yunyan Du, Fuyuan Liang, Jiawei Yi und V. Chris Lakhan. „A GIS-based method for depicting the characteristics of mesoscale eddies: a case study in the Northern South China Sea“. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, Nr. 9 (September 2015): 746–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0177.
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The paper presents a geographical information system (GIS)-based method for depicting the characteristics, particularly the internal structures and evolutionary processes, of mesoscale eddies. This was done by examining topologic relations among closed sea surface height (SSH) contours that were reconstructed from the Naval Research Laboratory Navy layered ocean model (NLOM). Different scenarios of the topological relations among the contour lines permitted the identification of the outermost outline of eddies and the depiction of the number of cores in each mesoscale oceanic eddy. With full consideration of the internal structure of the eddies, we then reconstructed the evolutionary processes of these eddies, and the results were compared with empirical observations on three long-lived mesoscale eddies in the northern South China Sea (SCS). Tracking results were similar, thereby validating our method as being efficient and robust in reconstructing mesoscale ocean eddies, especially their evolutionary processes based on their internal structures.
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Musekamp, Jens, Thorsten Reiber, Holger Claus Hoche, Matthias Oechsner, Matthias Weigold und Eberhard Abele. „Influence of LPBF-Surface Characteristics on Fatigue Properties of Scalmalloy®“. Metals 11, Nr. 12 (06.12.2021): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11121961.
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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has indisputable advantages when designing new components with complex geometries due to toolless manufacturing and the ability to manufacture components with undercuts. However, fatigue properties rely heavily on the surface condition. In this work, in-process surface parameters (three differing contour parameter sets) and post-process surface treatments, namely turning and shot peening, are varied to investigate the influence of each treatment on the resulting fatigue properties of LPBF-manufactured specimens of the aluminium–magnesium–scandium alloy Scalmalloy®. Therefore, metallographic analysis and surface roughness measurements, as well as residual stress measurements, computer tomography measurements, SEM-analyses, tensile and fatigue tests, along with fracture surface analysis, were performed. Despite the fact that newly developed in-process contour parameters are able to reduce the surface roughness significantly, only a minor improvement in fatigue properties could be observed: Crack initiation is caused by sharp, microscopic notches at the surface in combination with high tensile residual stresses at the surface, which are present on all in-process contour parameter specimens. Specimens using contour parameters with high line energy show keyhole pores localized in the subsurface area, which have no effect on crack initiation. Contours with low line energy have a slightly positive effect on fatigue strength because less pores can be found at the surface and subsurface area, which even more greatly promotes an early crack initiation. The post-process parameter sets, turning and shot peening, both improve fatigue behaviour significantly: Turned specimens show lowest surface roughness, while, for shot peened specimens, the tensile residual stresses of the surface radially shifted from the surface towards the centre of the specimens, which counteracts the crack initiation at the surface.
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Tinney, Charles. „The effect of nozzle contour on the vibroacoustic loads that form from high area ratio rocket nozzles during sea level launch“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, Nr. 3_supplement (01.03.2023): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018085.
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An accurate assessment of the vibro-acoustic loads that form during startup of large area ratio rocket nozzles is important for sea-level launch vehicle design and certification. These loads are driven principally by various flow and shock patterns that form inside the nozzle, which are unique to the nozzle contour. This presentation will review a number of laboratory-scale measurements of different nozzle contours and configurations reported by Baars and Tinney, Exp. Fluids, (2013), Donald et al. AIAA Journal (2014), Canchero etal. AIAA Journal (2016), and Rojo et al. AIAA Journal (2016) as it relates to launch platforms of current interest. In particular are the various sources of noise pertaining to transonic resonance, broadband shock associated noise, and the end-effects-regime (EER). The latter of these is unique to the thrust-optimized parabolic contour nozzle as is used on the current Space Launch System vehicle. This EER event occurs when the annular flow structure is in a partial restricted-shock separated (RSS) flow state and is categorized by an onset of relatively low frequency energy driven by intermittent buffeting between RSS flow and partial free shock separated flow at the nozzle lip.
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Colas-Blaise, Marion. „Texte, textualisation et pratique : Le devenir de l'énonciation“. Semiotica 2017, Nr. 219 (27.11.2017): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0065.
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RésuméConvoquant le cadre théorique de la sémiotique (post-)greimassienne, cette contribution se propose de cibler quelques-unes des étapes ayant marqué la réflexion sur l’énonciation depuis les années 1970–1980, avant d’esquisser les contours d’une sémiotique de l’énonciation comme pratique située. Ainsi, après avoir rappelé que la théorie de l’énonciation « énoncée » (Greimas et Courtés 1979) invite à repérer les marques laissées dans le texte par l’énonciation, qui est présupposée, virtuelle et hypothétique, nous visons à rendre compte de la dynamique de la constitution du texte (textualisation) en mettant l’accent, d’une part, sur l’énonciation « vivante » (Fontanille 2003 [1998] ; cf. la conversion de la marque en trace) et, d’autre part, sur le geste énonciatif d’une instance sensible pourvue d’une corporalité (cf. la conversion de la marque en empreinte, Fontanille 2011). Enfin, une sémiotique de l’énonciation comme acte ou pratique nous conduit à prendre en considération d’autres strates du parcours de l’expression (Fontanille 2008) que celle du texte, en particulier celle du support-objet. L’accent est également mis sur l’environnement (le cadre institutionnel, socioéconomique et culturel). Dans ce contexte, nous cherchons à évaluer la portée et la pertinence du concept de dispositif.
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Wei, Hui, und Jingmeng Li. „Computational Model for Global Contour Precedence Based on Primary Visual Cortex Mechanisms“. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception 18, Nr. 3 (31.07.2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3459999.
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The edges of an image contains rich visual cognitive cues. However, the edge information of a natural scene usually is only a set of disorganized unorganized pixels for a computer. In psychology, the phenomenon of quickly perceiving global information from a complex pattern is called the global precedence effect (GPE). For example, when one observes the edge map of an image, some contours seem to automatically “pop out” from the complex background. This is a manifestation of GPE on edge information and is called global contour precedence (GCP). The primary visual cortex (V1) is closely related to the processing of edges. In this article, a neural computational model to simulate GCP based on the mechanisms of V1 is presented. There are three layers in the proposed model: the representation of line segments, organization of edges, and perception of global contours. In experiments, the ability to group edges is tested on the public dataset BSDS500. The results show that the grouping performance, robustness, and time cost of the proposed model are superior to those of other methods. In addition, the outputs of the proposed model can also be applied to the generation of object proposals, which indicates that the proposed model can contribute significantly to high-level visual tasks.
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Azisah, Nadya Nur, Kaharuddin Kaharuddin und Abdul Muis Said. „SUPRASEGMENTAL SOUNDS PRODUCED BY THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT AT UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR“. English Language Teaching for EFL Learners 3, Nr. 1 (31.03.2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/elties.v3i1.19091.
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This study aims to see the extent the ability of students to pronounce English words who have studied English for many years and studied phonetics, then compare it with the pronunciation of native English speakers. The benefit of this research is that it can increase students' awareness in improving their speaking skills by trying to find new strategies to support their skill improvement. Phonetic and phonology theory is used as concept of this study. The research uses descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through recording to retrieve the audio of the samples and native English speaker, then insert it into the gold wave editor to then see the high and low amplitude of the sound. This study focuses on suprasegmental sound especially stress and intonation.The findings of this study showed two things i.e. first, for the stress level, the English students pronounced the words slower and clearer and they also pauses within two words more frequently than the English native speaker and it indicates that the word is stressed with primary or secondary stress. In contrast, the native English speaker pronounced the English words faster than between a word and the coming word and more frequently than the English student. And it indicates that the word is stressed with unstressed (weak stress). Second, the difference of the intonation contour The English native speaker pronounces some words and juncture within two words more frequently, so the intonation contours of her utterances are more falling than rising. On the other hand, English students pronounce the words slower, clearer and gave pause within two words, consequently the amplitude of the words were higher and at the result the rising intonation contour more than falling intonation contour.
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Li, Da, Botao Xie, Tao Liu, Zhuolantai Bai, Bigui Huang und Junrong Wang. „Response Extremes of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Based on Inverse Reliability and Environmental Contour Method“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, Nr. 6 (20.06.2024): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12061032.
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Floating structures are subject to complex marine conditions. To ensure their safety, reliability analysis needs to be conducted during the design phase. However, because of the complexity of traditional full long-term analysis, the environmental contour method (ECM) based on the inverse reliability method, which can combine accuracy and efficiency, is extensively used. Due to the unique environment in the South China Sea, the probabilistic characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) environmental parameters of wind, wave and current are investigated. The ECs of the target sea are established via the ECM based on both the inverse first-order reliability method (IFORM) and inverse second-order reliability method (ISORM). It is found that the sea state forecasted by ISORM is more extreme and may lead to a more conservative design than IFORM. Furthermore, the wind–wave–current combination coefficient matrixes developed using the 3D ECs are proposed for the design of FOWTs in the South China Sea. The validity and practicality of the contours and matrixes are tested by using a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) as a numerical example. Then, the short-term response of the structure under the combined wind, wave and current conditions is calculated, providing a theoretical reference for the design of FOWTs.
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Alakoz, V. V. „The development and implementation of programs for the use and protection of agricultural lands in the regional projects for the development of agriculture and agricultural clusters, and state regulation of agricultural lands fertility“. Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), Nr. 5 (19.04.2021): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2105-01.
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Land legislation - the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law " Land Management", the Federal Law "Turnover of Agricultural Lands", the Federal Law "State Regulation of Agricultural Lands Fertility" proclaimed the obligation of state authorities, local governments, legal entities and individuals realize their activities with preservation of land as the most important component of the environment and a natural resource, and carry out measures for the reproduction of the fertility of agricultural lands. There are proclamations, but no effective economic, administrative mechanisms and institutions of enforcement to save productive land and soil fertility. Regulations for the environmentally safe use of separately cultivated plots of arable land, contours of hayfields and pastures with spatial identification of the boundaries of their action on the map for land management have not been established – we can see negative impacts of excessive cultivation of arable land. The proposed measures to ensure the fertility of agricultural lands are aimed not at land use with soil-saving agricultural technologies in the process of agricultural activities when growing crops (in accordance with the established regulations), but at restoration of soil fertility after depletion of agricultural land use through reclamation and other measures for agrochemical services. This article proposes to restore the compulsory land management activities in case of identification of lands with water and wind erosion and other negative impacts with the development of regulations for environmentally safe agricultural land use for each field or part of it, the contour of hayfields and pastures exposed to negative impacts of anthropogenic or natural load. It is easier to prevent than to cure.
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Lin, Manqing, Lan Zhang, Xiqi Liu, Yuanyou Xia, Jiaqi He und Xiaosu Ke. „The Meso-Analysis of the Rock-Burst Debris of Rock Similar Material Based on SEM“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (03.04.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9168908.
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In order to explore the specimen failure characteristics during rock-burst under different gradient stress conditions, in this paper, a novel experimental technique was proposed; a common series of tests under two gradient stress paths were conducted on rock similar material specimens using the true-triaxial gradient and hydraulic-pneumatic combined test apparatus. And plaster was used as the rock similar material. In the experimental process, several rock-burst debris with area sizes of 100 mm2 were collected, and the fractal dimensions of typical detrital section crystal contours were analyzed and calculated using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method. The results showed that the specimens’ failure characteristics which had been induced by the two gradient stress processes were various. Also, the mesoscopic morphology of the rock-burst detrital section had effectively reflected its macroscopic failure characteristics. It was found that the fractal dimensions of the crystal contours of the specimen’s detrital section had fractal characteristics, and the box-counting dimension based on the SEM image could quantitatively describe the rock-burst failure characteristics. Furthermore, under the same magnification, the fractal dimensions of the crystal contours of the splitting failures were found to be relatively smaller than those of the shearing failures.
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Sethi, Gaurav, und B. S. Saini. „Computer Aided Diagnosis of Abdomen Diseases Using Curvelet Transform“. International Journal of Image and Graphics 16, Nr. 03 (Juli 2016): 1650013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467816500133.
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Abdomen related diseases are responsible of many deaths every year. These deaths can be reduced by early diagnosis of abdomen diseases. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) can play vital role in early detection of diseases. Hence, a novel CAD is proposed in this paper that can diagnose abdomen diseases like Hepatocellular carcinoma, cysts and Calculi using statistical curvelet texture descriptors. The proposed CAD is divided into four stages: (a) Image segmentation using active contours, (b) feature extraction, (c) feature selection and (d) abdomen disease classification. The regions of interest (ROIs) are segmented from 120[Formula: see text]CT images using active contour models. The statistical features are extracted from segmented ROIs. Further, the classifiers are used to evaluate the ability of feature set in diagnosis various diseases of abdomen. The performance metrics indicates that the proposed CAD achieves accuracy of 87.9% using curvelet coefficient features and neural network as classifier.
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陆, 佳艳. „License Plate Location Based on Morphology and Contour Recognition“. Software Engineering and Applications 10, Nr. 04 (2021): 542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/sea.2021.104058.
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Weinberger, Norman M., und Thomas M. McKenna. „Sensitivity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex to Contour: Toward a Neurophysiology of Music Perception“. Music Perception 5, Nr. 4 (1988): 355–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285407.
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The responses of single neurons in the primary (AI) and secondary (AII) auditory cortical fields of waking cats were recorded during presentation of sequences of five iso-intensity tones. Tonal contour was varied by employing sequences that either increased or decreased monotonically in frequency, or in which contour was non-monotonic. The vast majority of neurons in both auditory fields (84%) exhibited sensitivity to tonal contour, that is, the response to at least one frequency (usually more) in a sequence differed significantly between two or more types of contour. Although all of the mechanisms involved have not been identified, the serial position of a tone within a sequence could explain some of the findings. Responsivity may also depend upon the magnitude of the interval difference between two consecutive tones. Additionally, contour per se could be effective even for neurons that were not sensitive to differences in type of contour; for example, responses to the same tones could be facilitated when presented in sequences of different frequencies compared to sequences of the same frequency. Further, the range of frequency response and the best frequency of a neuron may depend upon whether these parameters are determined using isolated tones or contoured sequences. Finally, omission of one tone within a sequence produced significant modification of response to other tones in most (87%) cells, with effects extending up to 3 sec following the the gap. Neurons in both primary and secondary auditory cortical fields displayed all effects, the only difference was that neurons in All were more likely to exhibit sensitivity to tone omission than those in AI. The findings are discussed with reference to neurophysiological and psychophysical data. We conclude that the effects of contour and other aspects of tonal sequences are detectable at the level of single neurons in auditory cortex of waking animals and that the use of dynamic stimuli is likely to be critical for a neurophysiological account of music perception and the perception of other complex acoustic stimuli.
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Purghé, Franco. „Privileged Directions for Subjective Contours: Horizontal and Vertical versus Tilted“. Perception 18, Nr. 2 (April 1989): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p180201.
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Subjective contours and brightness enhancement in Ehrenstein-like situations are affected by pattern orientation. If a classic Ehrenstein pattern (with four inducing elements for every gap at intersection points) is observed, a number of anomalous illusory patches usually appear in these gaps, but if the same pattern is observed tilted by 45° the patches disappear and it is possible to see an illusory grid of horizontal and vertical ‘streets’. These two perceptual results are mutually exclusive. In a Koffka-cross variant of this pattern, the illusory patches, which are usually square, appear more rounded in the tilted pattern. All these results were confirmed in two experiments by means of a magnitude estimation procedure. It is suggested that the formation of a subjective contour is easier along horizontal and vertical directions and more difficult in an oblique direction, and that this phenomenon, as well as other visual acuity oblique effects, depends in part on the basic functioning of the visual system at the level of sensation.
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Mulder, Thierry, Emmanuelle Ducassou, Vincent Hanquiez, Mélanie Principaud, Kelly Fauquembergue, Elsa Tournadour, Ludivine Chabaud et al. „Contour current imprints and contourite drifts in the Bahamian archipelago“. Sedimentology 66, Nr. 4 (25.03.2019): 1192–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sed.12587.
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Abraham, Zubin, Pang-Ning Tan, Perdinan, Julie A. Winkler, Shiyuan Zhong und Malgorzata Liszewska. „Contour regression: A distribution-regularized regression framework for climate modeling“. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining: The ASA Data Science Journal 7, Nr. 4 (13.06.2014): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sam.11222.
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Rojas Villalobos, Hugo Luis, Luis Carlos Alatorre Cejudo, Blair Stringman, Zohrab Samani und Christopher Brown. „Topobathymetric 3D model reconstruction of shallow water bodies through remote sensing, GPS, and bathymetry“. TECNOCIENCIA Chihuahua 12, Nr. 1 (12.11.2018): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54167/tch.v12i1.129.
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Since there are no mathematical models that can calculate the Laguna de Bustillos’ water storage levels, water balance requires this data to understand the connectivity between this water body and the Cuauhtemoc aquifer. This article presents a new three-dimensional reconstruction technique based on a time series of multispectral remote sensing images, bathymetry, a topographic survey with high precision GPS, and regional contours. With the images of Landsat ETM+/OLI and Sentinel 2A from 2012 to 2013, 2016, and 2017, the contours of the water surface were extracted using the MNDWI and were associated with an elevation received from GPS. An Autonomous Surface Vehicle was also used to obtain the bathymetry of the lake. A topographic survey was carried out using GPS in populated areas, and the contour lines extracted from the INEGI Continuous Elevations Model 3.0. A DEM was constructed using ArcGIS 10.5.1, and surfaces and volumes were calculated at different elevations and compared with 16 Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI multispectral images from 1999 to 2018. The results showed that the mean of the average intersection area between the test images and the area extracted from the 3D model is above 90.9% according to the confidence interval, kappa overall accuracy 95.2–99.7 %, and a coefficient 89.9–99.3 %. This model proved to be very accurate on a regional scale when the water level exceeded 1971.32 meters above mean sea level and useful to evaluate and administer water resources. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v12i1.129
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Zhang, He Yu, Fan Lei und Fei Huang. „GIS Based Coal Seam Floor DEM Construction According to Floor Contours and Considering Faults Distribution“. Advanced Materials Research 1046 (Oktober 2014): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1046.516.
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Coal seam floor contours are one of the most important 8 mine maps, and was usually used for coal mine decision-making. However, the graph, which was expressed as lines, has many disadvantages, including inadequate intuitive, poor visibility, and weak in expression of three-dimensional morphology formation. Thus, the readers have to spend more time to reveal the spatial distribution of coal deposits. According to the coal seam floors contours, and considering the constraints of faults in coal seams, the following steps were implemented to acquire coal seam floor DEM, which are: 1) contours discrete; and 2) interpolation using Inverse Distance Weighted method (IDW). The process was easy-manipulated, and the results could reflect the spatial distribution of coal seams in an objective, intuitively, and strong visibility manner. The method could facilitate and guide the analysis of mine design and coal production.
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Shaker, Atheel Sabih. „Fully Automated Magnetic Resonance Detection and Segmentation of Brain using Convolutional Neural Network“. Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 34, Nr. 4 (20.10.2021): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/34.4.2710.
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The brain's magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is tasked with finding the pixels or voxels that establish where the brain is in a medical image The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) can process curved baselines that frequently occur in scanned documents. Next, the lines are separated into characters. In the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) can process curved baselines that frequently occur in scanned documents case of fonts with a fixed MRI width, the gaps are analyzed and split. Otherwise, a limited region above the baseline is analyzed, separated, and classified. The words with the lowest recognition score are split into further characters x until the result improves. If this does not improve the recognition score, contours are merged and classified again to check the change in the recognition score. The features for classification are extracted from small fixed-size patches over neighboring contours and matched against the trained deep learning representations this approach enables Tesseract to easily handle MRI sample results broken into multiple parts, which is impossible if each contour is processed separately Hard to read! Try to split sentences. The CNN inception network seem to be a suitable choice for the evaluation of the synthetic MRI samples with 3000 features, and 12000 samples of images as data augmentation capacities favors data which is similar to the original training set and thus unlikely to contain new information content with an accuracy of 98.68%. The error is only 1.32% with the increasing the number of training samples, but the most significant impact in reducing the error can be made by increasing the number of samples.