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1
Lonely children and adolescents: Self-perceptions, social exclusion, and hope. New York: Springer, 2010.
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2
Lau, Joseph Cho-yam. Self-Organisation Shapes Travel Behaviours and Social Exclusion in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods of China. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2252-9.
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3
Truuvert, Kaarel. A self-stabilizing first-come-first-served mutual exclusion algorithm with small shared variables. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.
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4
Roy Burman, J. J., 1955-, Hrsg. Social dynamics in contemporary North-East India: A study of regional exclusion, self-determination movements, and ethnic violence. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 2013.
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5
Fréchette, Lucie. Entraide et services de proximité: L'expérience des cuisines collectives. Sainte-Foy, Qué: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2000.
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6
Group bullying: Exclusion and ganging up. New York: PowerKids Press, 2013.
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7
United States. Congress. House. A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow individuals a refundable credit against income tax for health insurance costs, to allow employees who elect not to participate in employer subsidized health plans an exclusion from gross income for employer payments in lieu of such participation, and for other purposes. Washington, D.C: United States Government Printing Office, 1999.
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8
Allen, Ashley Batts, Michelle R. vanDellen und W. Keith Campbell. Individual Differences in Responses to Social Exclusion: Self-Esteem, Narcissism, and Self-Compassion. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398700.013.0020.
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9
Gingrich, Luann Good. Contesting social exclusion: An interrogation of its self-imposed expressions. 2006.
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10
Margalit, Malka. Lonely Children and Adolescents: Self-Perceptions, Social Exclusion, and Hope. Springer, 2011.
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11
Nationalism Before the Nation State: Literary Constructions of Inclusion, Exclusion, and Self-Definition. BRILL, 2020.
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12
Lau, Joseph Cho-yam. Self-Organisation Shapes Travel Behaviours and Social Exclusion in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods of China. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2021.
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13
Lau, Joseph Cho-yam. Self-Organisation Shapes Travel Behaviours and Social Exclusion in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods of China. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2020.
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14
Linkenbach, Antje, und Vidhu Verma. State, Law, and Adivasi:Shifting Terrains of Exclusion. SAGE Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/978-93-5479-528-2.
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This volume presents an overview of the relationship between the state, law, and Adivasis that have experienced a profound political shift due to privatization of natural resources. It discusses the role of the corporates and its impact on livelihoods of the Adivasis in India. For the Indian state, a significant challenge is to establish a new normative framework for indigenous autonomy based on the values of equality and sustainability. This calls for recognition of the right to self-determination and exercise of collective rights of the Adivasis. The chapters in this volume examine: • ‘Exclusion’ as a useful framework for analyzing the various axes of inequality that affect the Adivasi communities • How state, development, and Adivasi politics play out in entangled ways in the social, political and legal domains The interplay of and the deep tension between the promise of legal protection and the realities of inadequate implementation.
15
Dishion, Thomas J. An Evolutionary Framework for Understanding Coercion and Aggression. Herausgegeben von Thomas J. Dishion und James Snyder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324552.013.6.
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This chapter proposes an evolutionary framework for understanding the link between social exclusion and deep marginalization in the development of aggression and violence. It argues that (1) the evolution of language in the primate lineage provides unique capabilities for forming social groups and communities and also defining and signaling exclusion, marginalization, and social rejection; and (2) exclusion and marginalization in humans have historically been salient predictors of mortality and are evocative of self-organization into deviant social groups. The life history perspective offers a macrolevel explanation of the developmental cascade from early childhood defiance to more serious antisocial behavior and violence. An evolutionary framework also provides perspective about which interventions are most likely to be effective at specific points in development and which are potentially limited in effectiveness, or worse, iatrogenic.
16
Ferguson, Addy. Group Bullying: Exclusion and Ganging Up. Rosen Publishing Group, 2013.
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17
McLaughlin, Rob. United Nations Security Council Practice in Relation to Use of Force in No-Fly Zones and Maritime Exclusion Zones. Herausgegeben von Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0012.
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This chapter examines UN Security Council practice with respect to the use of force in no-fly zones and maritime exclusion zones. It considers whether the law governing the zone is based or not based on the law of armed conflict (LOAC) and whether the law on the use of force inside the zone is essentially the same as that outside it. It also assesses the effect of the Security Council’s act of declaring or acquiescing in the zone on the law that is normally applicable in the ocean or airspace enclosed by the zone. The chapter also analyses whether the Security Council can authorize the use of lethal force for the purpose of enforcing a mandate despite the absence of LOAC authorization. It discusses the notion of a ‘third paradigm’ for use of lethal force and the concept of ‘self-defence’ endorsed by the Security Council (and the UN more generally).
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Tofighi, Fatima. Unveiling the European Woman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722618.003.0027.
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In recent years, many biblical scholars have tried to uncover the unethical readings of scriptures. Despite the relatively high prevalence of ethical exegesis, the ramifications of biblical scholarship for people outside Judaism and Christianity have yet to be taken into account. In this essay, I will focus on the interpretation of the veil in ecclesiastical literature and what it entails for both European self-understanding and the exclusion of the veil from the public. I will start by a survey of the reception history of 1 Corinthians 11:5–16, where Paul admonishes women to cover their heads veil praying or prophesying. Then, I will show how the reinterpretation of this passage in modern literature was tantamount to the exclusion of the veil as foreign to European identity.
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User Involvement in Cancer Care: Exclusion and Empowerment. Policy Pr, 2000.
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20
Brown, Kirk Warren, Daniel R. Berry und Jordan T. Quaglia. The Hypo-Egoic Expression of Mindfulness in Social Life. Herausgegeben von Kirk Warren Brown und Mark R. Leary. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328079.013.10.
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Ego-based functioning is underscored by a sense of separateness of oneself from other people. This apparent separateness can manifest in maladaptive behavior, particularly in interpersonal contexts when the sense of self is threatened, and can inhibit adaptive, prosocial responses that depend on perceived interpersonal connection. This chapter draws on the science of mindfulness to show how mindful attention can attenuate distress and defensive responses to socially derived threats to the egoic self and promote greater social inclusiveness. It describes how mindfulness can reduce ego-involvement through an observant stance on self-relevant mental events and discusses empirical evidence demonstrating that mindfulness fosters more benign responses to social threats, including social exclusion and social evaluation, and catalyzes greater social inclusiveness, reflected in prosocial action. The chapter closes by addressing concerns about the potential interpersonal costs of mindfulness and offering directions for further research in this nascent area of investigation.
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Newman, M. E. J., und R. G. Palmer. Modeling Extinction. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159455.001.0001.
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Developed after a meeting at the Santa Fe Institute on extinction modeling, this book comments critically on the various modeling approaches. In the last decade or so, scientists have started to examine a new approach to the patterns of evolution and extinction in the fossil record. This approach may be called "statistical paleontology," since it looks at large-scale patterns in the record and attempts to understand and model their average statistical features, rather than their detailed structure. Examples of the patterns these studies examine are the distribution of the sizes of mass extinction events over time, the distribution of species lifetimes, or the apparent increase in the number of species alive over the last half a billion years. In attempting to model these patterns, researchers have drawn on ideas not only from paleontology, but from evolutionary biology, ecology, physics, and applied mathematics, including fitness landscapes, competitive exclusion, interaction matrices, and self-organized criticality. A self-contained review of work in this field.
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Dragojević, Mila. Amoral Communities. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739828.001.0001.
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This book examines how conditions conducive to atrocities against civilians are created during wartime in some communities. It identifies the exclusion of moderates and the production of borders as the main processes. In these places, political and ethnic identities become linked and targeted violence against civilians becomes both tolerated and justified by the respective authorities as a necessary sacrifice for a greater political goal. The book augments the literature on genocide and civil wars by demonstrating how violence can be used as a political strategy, and how communities, as well as individuals, remember episodes of violence against civilians. It focuses on Croatia in the 1990s, and Uganda and Guatemala in the 1980s. In each case, it is considered how people who have lived peacefully as neighbors for many years are suddenly transformed into enemies, yet intracommunal violence is not ubiquitous throughout the conflict zone; rather, it is specific to particular regions or villages within those zones. As the book describes, the exclusion of moderates and the production of borders limit individuals' freedom to express their views, work to prevent the possible defection of members of an in-group, and facilitate identification of individuals who are purportedly a threat. Even before mass killings begin, the book finds, these and similar changes will have transformed particular villages or regions into amoral communities, places where the definition of crime changes and violence is justified as a form of self-defense by perpetrators.
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Bruno, G. Anthony, Hrsg. Schelling's Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812814.001.0001.
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Despite F. W. J. Schelling’s relative exclusion from the ongoing German idealist renaissance in Anglophone scholarship, recent critical and historical engagement with idealist texts affords an unprecedented opportunity to discover the richness and value of his thinking. This volume provides a wide-ranging presentation of Schelling’s original contribution to and internal critique of the basic insights of German idealism, his role in shaping the course of post-Kantian thought, and his sensitivity and innovative responses to questions of lasting metaphysical, epistemological, ethical, aesthetic, and theological importance. The contributing authors offer compelling reasons to regard Schelling as one of Kant’s most incisive interpreters, a pioneering philosopher of nature, a resolute philosopher of human finitude and freedom, a nuanced thinker of the bounds of logic and self-consciousness, and perhaps Hegel’s most effective critic.
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Petrie, Malcolm. Radicalism and Respectability in Working-class Political Culture. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474425612.003.0003.
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Class, for some on the radical left, and especially those in the Communist Party, was not just an economic identity. It was also one earned through conduct, particularly a commitment to political activism, sobriety and self-improvement. This was, of course, a culture that had always enjoyed a limited appeal; during the inter-war period, however, this appeal was restricted further by the rise of mass democracy, which undermined the necessary sense of political exclusion. This chapter charts the social and cultural limits of Communism in Scotland, exploring the Party’s appeal by focusing on the criminal trials of activists charged with sedition, the role played by religion and gender within the Party, and the changing nature of independent working-class education, especially within the labour college movement, during the 1920s and 1930s.
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Hoegaerts, Josephine, Tuire Liimatainen, Laura Hekanaho und Elizabeth Peterson, Hrsg. Finnishness, Whiteness and Coloniality. Helsinki University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33134/hup-17.
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This multidisciplinary volume reflects the shifting experiences and framings of Finnishness and its relation to race and coloniality. The authors centre their investigations on whiteness and unravel the cultural myth of a normative Finnish (white) ethnicity. Rather than presenting a unified definition for whiteness, the book gives space to the different understandings and analyses of its authors. This collection of case-studies illuminates how Indigenous and ethnic minorities have participated in defining notions of Finnishness, how historical and recent processes of migration have challenged the traditional conceptualisations of the nation-state and its population, and how imperial relationships have contributed to a complex set of discourses on Finnish compliance and identity. With an aim to question and problematise what may seem self-evident aspects of Finnish life and Finnishness, expert voices join together to offer (counter) perspectives on how Finnishness is constructed and perceived. Scholars from cultural studies, history, sociology, linguistics, genetics, among others, address four main topics: 1) Imaginations of Finnishness, including perceived physical characteristics of Finnish people; 2) Constructions of whiteness, entailing studies of those who do and do not pass as white; 3) Representations of belonging and exclusion, making up of accounts of perceptions of what it means to be ‘Finnish’; and 4) Imperialism and colonisation, including what might be considered uncomfortable or even surprising accounts of inclusion and exclusion in the Finnish context. This volume takes a first step in opening up a complex set of realities that define Finland’s changing role in the world and as a home to diverse populations.
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Zehmisch, Philipp. The Politics of Voice and Silence. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199469864.003.0010.
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Chapter 8 aims to offer alternative ways to understand the Ranchis’ disenfranchisement by bringing hegemonic modes of explanation in dialogue with silenced subaltern perspectives. The first section examines how prevailing conditions of speech deepened the Ranchis’ exclusion from the lines of social mobility. It demonstrates that the attempts of community leaders, bureaucrats, politicians, NGO workers, and the Catholic Church to include Ranchis into welfare and development programmes largely failed because no appropriate form of communication between subalterns and these hegemonic actors was found. The second part of the chapter shows that the Ranchis’ marginalization must also be regarded as a result of their own forms of silent resistance against state interference. Referring to theories of anarchist anthropology, the author puts forward the argument that the Ranchis’ preference for self-rule has triggered their conscious evasion from interaction with the state.
27
White, Stephen. The Centrality of One’s Own Life. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808930.003.0012.
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We are all, to some degree or other, self-centered; we tend to concentrate on our own needs and interests to the relative exclusion of most other people’s. This chapter explores the prospects for justifying such partiality on grounds of individual autonomy. Two versions of this approach are considered. The first develops the idea that, to be autonomous, an agent must have available a significant range of morally permissible options. This approach is rejected in favor of a second, according to which a strong duty of impartial beneficence would objectionably render an agent subject to the wills of other agents. That is, insofar as a person is entitled to a special authoritative status in relation to what she does, that person will bear the primary responsibility for how well her life goes. The chapter concludes by considering the implications for our understanding of morally required beneficence.
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Underwood, Marion K., Samuel E. Ehrenreich und Diana J. Meter. Methodological Approaches to Studying Relational Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0005.
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Relational aggression hurts because it damages friendships and social status (Crick & Grotpeter, 1995). The subtlety of behaviors such as malicious gossip, social exclusion, and relationship manipulation poses serious challenges for researchers seeking to measure relational aggression in reliable and valid ways. This chapter will review the methods used to measure relational aggression: self-reports, parent reports, teacher reports, peer nominations and ratings, diary and experience-sampling methods, observational approaches, and innovative experimental methods. Advantages and disadvantages of each method will be discussed, and evidence for validity will be presented. The chapter will also highlight why choices about methods of measuring relational aggression matter by noting key research questions that are answered in different ways, depending on the method used. The chapter will conclude with a summary of where we stand in terms of evidence for validity and inter-rater agreement and will also offer suggestions for future research.
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Baldridge, David, Joy Beattie, Alison M. Konrad und Mark E. Moore. People with Disabilities. Herausgegeben von Regine Bendl, Inge Bleijenbergh, Elina Henttonen und Albert J. Mills. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199679805.013.21.
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Disability status continues to have a significant negative impact on employment outcomes, even in countries with nondiscrimination policies, and outcomes differ by gender and age. These subpar outcomes can be linked to both environmental and psychological factors. The design of jobs and workplaces often limits the ability of workers with disabilities to contribute to their fullest capacity, while stigmatization reduces employer willingness to hire workers with disabilities and make reasonable accommodations to allow them to perform effectively. Exclusion and stigmatization create barriers to the development of a positive self-identity as a person with a disability. Considerably more research is needed to understand how the actions of organizations, leaders, and teams affect the employment outcomes of workers with disabilities and how impacts differ by gender and age. But based upon extant knowledge, there are many actions employers can take to improve outcomes for this group of workers.
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Condon, Louise, und Julie Mytton. Gypsy/Traveller, migrant, and refugee children. Herausgegeben von Alan Emond. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788850.003.0026.
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Children living in special circumstances due to migration or refugee status, or being of Gypsy, Roma, or Traveller ethnicity, have extra health needs and difficulty in accessing universal and specialist health services. Migrant, refugee, and Traveller children belong to diverse ethnic and social groups, but share characteristics which increase their need for targeted health promotion. All groups are subsections of the population with poor self-reported health and access to health services, and higher numbers of dependent children. It is well recognized that they experience discrimination and social exclusion which adversely impacts health. There is overlap between groups, for example, refugees are migrants who have left their country of origin to avoid persecution, and Roma are migrants who are of Gypsy ethnicity. This chapter identifies the reasons why children from these groups require focused health promotion; it summarizes their health needs, describes interventions to improve their physical and mental health through the child health programmes, and discusses factors that influence their ability to access preventive services.
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Lipton, Gregory A. Ibn ‘Arabi and the Metaphysics of Race. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190684501.003.0005.
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This chapter reveals a buried order of politics underneath the Perennialist cosmology of religious universalism ironically constituted through long-held European discursive strategies of racial exclusion. Through a detailed comparison of Frithjof Schuon’s discursive practices with that of nineteenth-century Aryanist discourse, this chapter argues that although Schuon claims to recognize the universal validity of all religions beyond the limits of exoteric exclusivity, his work consistently presents as self-evident the metaphysical superiority of an Indo-European spiritual typology over that of the Semitic. Here, Ibn ‘Arabi’s “Semitic” propensity for subjectivism is understood as lacking the enlightened objectivity necessary to consistently discern the transcendent formlessness of essential truth from religious particularism. The extent to which Ibn ‘Arabi is thus decoupled from so-called Semitic subjectivism is the extent to which he is claimed to be an enlightened representative of Islam and authentic purveyor of the universal core of all religions—the religio perennis.
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Zellinger, Elissa. Lyrical Strains. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469659817.001.0001.
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In this book, Elissa Zellinger analyzes both political philosophy and poetic theory in order to chronicle the consolidation of the modern lyric and the liberal subject across the long nineteenth century. In the nineteenth-century United States, both liberalism and lyric sought self-definition by practicing techniques of exclusion. Liberalism was a political philosophy whose supposed universals were limited to white men and created by omitting women, the enslaved, and Native peoples. The conventions of poetic reception only redoubled the sense that liberal selfhood defined its boundaries by refusing raced and gendered others. Yet Zellinger argues that it is precisely the poetics of the excluded that offer insights into the dynamic processes that came to form the modern liberal and lyric subjects. She examines poets—Frances Sargent Osgood, Elizabeth Oakes Smith, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Edna St. Vincent Millay, and E. Pauline Johnson—whose work uses lyric practices to contest the very assumptions about selfhood responsible for denying them the political and social freedoms enjoyed by full liberal subjects. In its consideration of politics and poetics, this project offers a new approach to genre and gender that will help shape the field of nineteenth-century American literary studies.
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Silva, Jennifer M. We're Still Here. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888046.001.0001.
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The economy has been brutal to American workers. The chance to provide a better life for one’s children—the promise at the heart of the American Dream—is slipping away. In the face of soaring economic inequality and mounting despair, we might expect struggling Americans to rise up together and demand their fair share of opportunity. And yet, the groups who stand to gain the most from collective mobilization appear the least motivated to act in their own self-interest. This book examines why disadvantaged people disable themselves politically. Drawing on in-depth interviews with over one hundred black, white, and Puerto Rican residents in a declining coal town in Pennsylvania, We’re Still Here demonstrates that many working-class people are fiercely critical of growing inequality and of the politicians who have failed to protect them from poverty, exploitation, and social exclusion. However, the institutions that historically mediated between personal suffering and collective political struggle have not only become weak, but have become sites of betrayal. In response, working-class people turn inward, cultivating individualized strategies for triumphing over pain. Convinced that democratic processes are rigged in favor of the wealthy, they search for meaning in internet conspiracy theories or the self-help industry—solitary strategies that turn them inward, or turn them against each other. But as visions of a broken America unite people across gender, race, and age, they also give voice to upended hierarchies, creative re-imaginings of economic justice, and yearnings to be part of a collective whole.
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Kitcher, Philip, Jan-Christoph Heilinger, Rahel Jaeggi und Susan Neiman. Moral Progress. Herausgegeben von Amia Srinivasan. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197549155.001.0001.
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The overall aim of this book is to understand the character of moral progress, so that making moral progress may become more systematic and secure, less chancy and less bloody. Drawing on three historical examples—the abolition of chattel slavery, the expansion of opportunities for women, and the increasing acceptance of same-sex love—it asks how those changes were brought about and seeks a methodology for streamlining the kinds of developments that occurred. Moral progress is conceived as pragmatic progress, progress from rather than progress to, achieved by overcoming the problems and limits of the current situation. Two kinds of problems are distinguished: problems of exclusion, found when the complaints of some people (the oppressed) are ignored; and problems of false consciousness, present when the oppressed adopt judgments from the ambient society and do not protest their condition. The proposed methodology advocates procedures for listening to voiced complaints and for systematically reviewing the way in which particular self-conceptions, ideals, and identities are taken to be appropriate for various groups of people. Through outlining a picture of moral practice, at both the individual and the societal levels, the book seeks to orient moral philosophy away from metaethical questions of realism and toward moral methodology.
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Bleck, Thomas P. Assessment and management of seizures in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0232.
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In previously conscious patients seizures are usually easily detected. Critically-ill patients are frequently sedated and a proportion are paralysed with neuromuscular blocking agents, in such patients it may be hard or impossible to detect seizures clinically. An urgent electroencephalogram (EEG) should be obtained whenever seizures are witness or suspected, especially if the patient does not rapidly return to baseline, when non-convulsive status epilepticus must be excluded. Unless the cause of the seizure activity is already known, an urgent CT, or MRI is indicated. If central nervous system infection is suspected a lumbar puncture may be needed. Status epilepticus is diagnosed when there is recurrent or continued seizure activity without intervening recovery. Most seizures are self-limiting and stop after 1–2 minutes, seizures that continue for more than 5 minutes should be treated. Treatment priorities for any seizure are to stop the patient hurting either themselves or anyone else. General supportive measures include attention to the airway, breathing, circulation, exclusion of hypoglycaemia and an EEG to exclude non-convulsive status epilepticus. A variety of drugs can be used to terminate seizures; parenteral benzodiazepines are the most commonly used agents although propofol and barbiturates are alternatives. Emergent endotracheal intubation may well be necessary, hypotension can be expected and may need treatment with intravenous fluids and vasopressors.
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Üskül, Ayse K., und Shigehiro Oishi, Hrsg. Socio-Economic Environment and Human Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.001.0001.
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This edited volume underlines the value of attending to socioecological approaches in understanding the relationship between the economic environment and human psychology by including state-of-the art research that focuses on the role played by (a) type of ecology and associated economic activity/structure (e.g., farming, herding), (b) socioeconomic status and inequality (e.g., poverty, educational attainment), (c) economic conditions (e.g., wealth, urbanization), and (d) ecological and economic threat (e.g., disasters, resource scarcity) in the shaping of different psychological processes including subjective well-being, construction of the self, endorsement of honor, cognitive styles, responses to social exclusion, food intake, decision-making, health behaviors, and academic outcomes, among others. By doing so the book highlights the importance of situating the individual directly in the everyday realities afforded by economic conditions and settings that provide the material basis of psychological outcomes and contribute to bridging the psychological with the external circumstances. The volume brings together research from different subfields of psychology (cultural, social, developmental) but also from economics, anthropology, evolutionary sciences, and epidemiology that recognizes the importance of individuals’ daily economic realities and their psychological adjustment to those. Reflecting the different (inter)disciplinary approaches presented across the contributions, this volume also showcases the different methods researchers utilize including archival, experimental (lab-based and field), correlational, observational, and agent-based modeling. The findings summarized in this volume have important policy implications, as they point to specific policy agendas that might help improve the psychological and physical health of citizens.
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Heinz, Annelise. Mahjong. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190081799.001.0001.
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Mahjong: A Chinese Game and the Making of Modern American Culture illustrates how the spaces between tiles and the moments between games have fostered distinct social cultures in the United States. When this mass-produced game crossed the Pacific it created waves of popularity over the twentieth century. Mahjong narrates the history of this game to show how it has created a variety of meanings, among them American modernity, Chinese American heritage, and Jewish American women’s culture. As it traveled from China to the United States and caught on with Hollywood starlets, high society, middle-class housewives, and immigrants alike, mahjong became a quintessentially American pastime. This book also reveals the ways in which women leveraged a game for a variety of economic and cultural purposes, including entrepreneurship, self-expression, philanthropy, and ethnic community building. One result was the forging of friendships within mahjong groups that lasted decades. This study unfolds in two parts. The first half is focused on mahjong’s history as related to consumerism, with a close examination of its economic and cultural origins. The second half explores how mahjong interwove with the experiences of racial inclusion and exclusion in the evolving definition of what it means to be American. Mahjong players, promoters, entrepreneurs, and critics tell a broad story of American modernity. The apparent contradictions of the game—as both American and foreign, modern and supposedly ancient, domestic and disruptive of domesticity—reveal the tensions that lie at the heart of modern American culture.
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Varty, Anne. Women, Poetry and the Voice of a Nation. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474489843.001.0001.
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This book explores how poetry by women acquired the public authority necessary to take on a role in the cultural leadership of the United Kingdom and Ireland. By scrutinising the careers of four poets, Gillian Clarke, Carol Ann Duffy, Liz Lochhead and Paula Meehan, it assesses how each one was elected to Poet Laureate or National Poet roles and what changed as a result of their concurrent tenures in these public offices during 2013-2016. It presents historic rifts between women, poetry and nation which prevailed before and during the twentieth century and which contributed to the marginalisation of women’s voices. It looks at how the careers of these poets accommodated campaigns for inclusive and diverse poetic voices and subject matters which overturned a 400 year exclusion of women from the UK laureate role. The book explores how poetry by Clarke, Duffy, Lochhead and Meehan intervenes in questions of contemporary geopolitics and national self-understanding, particularly in light of the 2014 referendum on Scottish independence, and the 2016 referendum on Brexit. The authority of their poetry extends to the prescribed study of their works on school curricula, and this book examines the often fraught relationship between these poets’ work, and the way it has been placed on the school syllabus. It considers how their pioneering careers help to shape the articulation of national belonging in four-nations Britain and Ireland, and cultural landscapes of the future.
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Lamont, Michèle, Graziella Moraes Silva, Jessica S. Welburn, Joshua Guetzkow, Nissim Mizrachi, Hanna Herzog und Elisa Reis. Getting Respect. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691183404.001.0001.
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Racism is a common occurrence for members of marginalized groups around the world. This book illuminates their experiences and responses to stigmatization and discrimination by comparing three countries with enduring group boundaries: the United States, Brazil and Israel. The book delves into what kinds of stigmatizing or discriminatory incidents individuals encounter in each country, how they respond to these occurrences, and what they view as the best strategy—whether individually, collectively, through confrontation, or through self-improvement—for dealing with such events. The book draws on more than 400 in-depth interviews with middle- and working-class men and women residing in and around multiethnic cities to compare the discriminatory experiences of African Americans, Black Brazilians, and Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel, as well as Israeli Ethiopian Jews and Mizrahi (Sephardic) Jews. Detailed analysis reveals significant differences in group behavior: Arab Palestinians frequently remain silent due to resignation and cynicism while Black Brazilians see more stigmatization by class than by race, and African Americans confront situations with less hesitation than do Ethiopian Jews and Mizrahi Jews, who tend to downplay their exclusion. The book accounts for these patterns by considering the extent to which each group is actually a group, the sociohistorical context of intergroup conflict, and the national ideologies and other cultural repertoires that group members rely on. The book opens many new perspectives into, and sets a new global agenda for, the comparative analysis of race and ethnicity.
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Kahn, S. Lowell. Creation of a Flow-Modulating Stent Using Multilayered Wallstents for Aneurysm Exclusion. Herausgegeben von S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan und Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0011.
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Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a common pathology that is found in 4–9% of patients in the developed world. Risk factors for AAAs include age, male sex, family history, comorbid cardiovascular disease, and smoking. Despite the male predominance of the disease, rupture occurs at a smaller diameter in females, and the outcomes are poorer in this subgroup. Flow-modulating stents are a relatively new development and consist of multilayered bare-metal self-expanding stents. Despite the inherent porosity of the stents, the interconnected stent matrix features flow-diverting properties that preserve luminal and branch vessel flow while simultaneously depressurizing the aneurysm sac, resulting in shrinkage and thrombosis. Flow-modulating stents are unavailable in the United States. This chapter discusses in vivo construction of a flow-modulating stent and its potential applications and complications.
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Gosewinkel, Dieter. Struggles for Belonging. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846161.001.0001.
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Citizenship was the mark of political belonging in Europe in the twentieth century, while estate, religion, party, class, and nation lost political significance in the century of extremes. This thesis is demonstrated by examining the legal institution of citizenship with its deciding influence on the limits of a political community in terms of inclusion and exclusion. Citizenship determines a person’s protection, equality, and freedom and thus his or her chances in life and survival. This book recounts the history of citizenship in Europe as the history of European statehood in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, doing so from three vantage points: as the development of a legal institution crucial to European constitutionalism; as a measure of an individual’s opportunities for self-fulfilment ranging from freedom to totalitarian subjugation; and as a succession of alternating, often sharply divergent, political regimes, considered from the perspective of their inclusivity and exclusivity, and their justification. The European history of citizenship is discussed for six selected countries: Great Britain, France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Russia. For the first time, a joint history of citizenship in Western and Eastern Europe is told here, from the heyday of the nation-state to our present day, which is marked by the crises of the European Union. It is the history of a central legal institution that significantly represents and at the same time determines struggles over migration, integration, and belonging. One of the central concerns of this book is the lessons that can be learned from it regarding the future chances of European citizenship.
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Beauchamps, Marie. Modelling the self, creating the other: French denaturalisation law on the brink of World War II1. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526107459.003.0011.
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Adding a historical note to a practice that has recently garnered renewed attention, this chapter looks at the policy of denaturalisation in France at the beginning of World War II. Denaturalisation law as a juridical political discourse centres on the deprivation of citizenship; it draws on security rhetoric in order to rewrite the limits of inclusion and exclusion regarding citizenship and is a means to model the national community. Based on archival material collected at the French National Archives, the chapter argues that denaturalisation law is at the core of the security/mobility dynamic: emphasising a fear of movement on the one hand, and the operationalisation of adaptable juridical practices on the other hand, denaturalisation interrupts our capacity of dissent while fixing the means to govern beyond democratic control. The analysis contributes to a better understanding of the politics of nationality where notions of selfhood and otherness are being shaped, mobilised and transformed.