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1
Pee, K. C., C. E. Johnson, E. W. Bush und E. A. Drummond. „SUB-OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE GERMINATION OF 15 WATERMELON CULTIVARS“. HortScience 25, Nr. 8 (August 1990): 862a—862. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.8.862a.
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Seed of 15 watermelon cultivars were evaluated for germinating ability at sub-optimum temperatures. Seeds of each cultivar were exposed to 12.8, 15.6, 18.3, 21.1, and 30.0°C for 8 days in a germinator in accordance to standard seed testing rules. Radical emergence was evaluated on day 5 and day 8. None of the cultivars germinated at 12.8C after 8 days exposure. At 15.6°C, 'Red-N-Sweet' and `Blackstone' had germinations of 54 and 40 percent respectively on day 5, and both increased to over 80 percent on day 8. At 18.3°C `Red-N-Sweet' and `Blackstone' exhibited at least 90 percent germination after 5 days while the other 14 cultivars ranged from 2.5 to 86 percent. At 21.1°C all cultivars except `Black Diamond' and `Allsweet' had germinations of 80 percent or higher on day 5. Germination increased to 90 percent or above by day 8 except for `Black Diamond' at 83 percent. There were no significant differences among cultivars at the 30°C optimum germinating temperature with cultivars having 89.5 percent or higher germination.
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Chiu, S. N., und M. P. Quine. „Central limit theorem for germination-growth models in ℝd with non-Poisson locations“. Advances in Applied Probability 33, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2001): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1011994026.
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Seeds are randomly scattered in ℝd according to an m-dependent point process. Each seed has its own potential germination time. From each seed that succeeds in germinating, a spherical inhibited region grows to prohibit germination of any seed with later potential germination time. We show that under certain conditions on the distribution of the potential germination time, the number of germinated seeds in a large region has an asymptotic normal distribution.
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Chiu, S. N., und M. P. Quine. „Central limit theorem for germination-growth models in ℝd with non-Poisson locations“. Advances in Applied Probability 33, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2001): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800011162.
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Seeds are randomly scattered in ℝ d according to an m-dependent point process. Each seed has its own potential germination time. From each seed that succeeds in germinating, a spherical inhibited region grows to prohibit germination of any seed with later potential germination time. We show that under certain conditions on the distribution of the potential germination time, the number of germinated seeds in a large region has an asymptotic normal distribution.
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Liu, Mengzhou, Ning Qiao, Bing Zhang, Fengying Liu, Yuan Miao, Ji Chen, Yanfeng Sun, Peng Wang und Dong Wang. „Differential responses of the seed germination of three functional groups to low temperature and darkness in a typical steppe, Northern China“. PeerJ 10 (01.12.2022): e14485. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14485.
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Seed germination is a key stage in the life history of plants, which has a crucial effect on plant community structure. Climate change has substantially altered the surface soil temperature and light availability, which can affect seed germination. However, whether the seed germination of different functional groups is affected by the interactions of light and temperature remains unclear. Under laboratory conditions, we examined the effects of low temperature and darkness, as well as their interaction, on the seed germination of 16 species belonging to three plant functional groups (annual and biennials, perennial grasses, and perennial forbs) in a typical steppe, Northern China. We found that low temperature had a significant negative effect on seed germination of all species. Low temperature significantly decreased the final germination percentage and germinative force of the three plant functional groups, and the germination duration of perennial grasses. Darkness significantly decreased the germinative force of perennial forbs and total seeds, and the germination duration of perennial grasses. The interactive effects of light and temperature on the seed final germination percentage and germinative force of perennial grass indicated that darkness strengthened the inhibitory effect of low temperature on the seed germination of the grass functional group. Our study indicate that the seed germination of different plant functional groups varied greatly in response to changing environmental conditions. Our results suggest that future climate change could alter the regeneration and species composition of plant communities through changing seed germination.
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M. Olivas, Regine. „SEED GERMINATION OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) USING PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) FRUIT EXTRACTS AS NATURALLY OCCURRING GERMINATION INHIBITOR AND GIBBERELLIC ACID IN VARIOUS SEED TREATMENTS“. International Journal of Advanced Research 9, Nr. 11 (30.11.2021): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13822.
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Seed Germination is a vital process in plant growth and development. It is very crucial in crop production. Control of seed germination can proceed if there are presence of naturally occurring germination inhibitors such as papaya fruit extracts. Promotion of seed germination on the other hand, can be obtain from plant growth hormones such as gibberellic acid. Various seed treatments used in the experiment were the following: T1-unwashed, fresh T2-washed, fresh T3-washed, air-dried T4-washed, fresh and T5-washed, fresh.Twenty (20) seeds were counted for each treatment. Distilled water as the germinating medium for the seeds were T1, T2 and T3. In T4 and T5, 100ppm of GA3 and papaya fruit extracts were used as germinating media respectively. The highest and the lowest percent germination was shown in T2 and T5 respectively.InT1 and T3 on the other hand, had 75% and 80% germination respectively.Papaya fruit extracts (T5) is considered as a naturally occurring germination inhibitorin tomato.
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Wartidiningsih, N., und Robert L. Geneve. „IMPROVEMENT IN SEED GERMINATION IN PURPLE CONEFLOWER (ECHINACEA PURPUREA) AFTER COLD STRATIFICATION OR OSMOTIC PRIMING.“ HortScience 25, Nr. 9 (September 1990): 1088c—1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1088c.
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Germination was evaluated in six seed lots of purple coneflower purchased from four different seed companies. Standard germination percent ranged from 28% to 90% depending on the seed lot. For seed collected in 1989, seed size and stage of development of the seed at harvest could not account for the wide variability in seed germination observed in the purchased seed lots. preconditioning the seed with either cold stratification (10°C for 10 days) or osmotic priming (PEG or salt solution at -5 bars for 5 days) increased the rate of germination and the overall percent germination for all seed lots and dramatically improved germination in the poor germinating seed lots. Preconditioning appears to overcome either a shallow physiological dormancy or compensates for seeds with poor vigor or quality. In either case, seed preconditioning drastically improved seed germination (rate and percent) in greenhouse and field tests for purple coneflower.
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Zhang, Heng, Guang Chen, Heng Xu, Sasa Jing, Yingying Jiang, Ziwen Liu, Hua Zhang, Fulin Wang, Xiangyang Hu und Ying Zhu. „Transcriptome Analysis of Rice Embryo and Endosperm during Seed Germination“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, Nr. 10 (13.05.2023): 8710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108710.
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Seed germination is a complex, multistage developmental process that is an important step in plant development. In this study, RNA-Seq was conducted in the embryo and endosperm of unshelled germinating rice seeds. A total of 14,391 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the dry seeds and the germinating seeds. Of these DEGs, 7109 were identified in both the embryo and endosperm, 3953 were embryo specific, and 3329 were endosperm specific. The embryo-specific DEGs were enriched in the plant-hormone signal-transduction pathway, while the endosperm-specific DEGs were enriched in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. We categorized these DEGs into early-, intermediate-, and late-stage genes, as well as consistently responsive genes, which can be enriched in various pathways related to seed germination. Transcription-factor (TF) analysis showed that 643 TFs from 48 families were differentially expressed during seed germination. Moreover, 12 unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway genes were induced by seed germination, and the knockout of OsBiP2 resulted in reduced germination rates compared to the wild type. This study enhances our understanding of gene responses in the embryo and endosperm during seed germination and provides insight into the effects of UPR on seed germination in rice.
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Faúndez, Ángela, Carlos R. Magni, Eduardo Martínez-Herrera, Sergio Espinoza, Suraj Vaswani, Marco A. Yañez, Iván Gréz, Oscar Seguel, Betsabé Abarca-Rojas und Iván Quiroz. „Effect of the Soil Matric Potential on the Germination Capacity of Prosopis chilensis, Quillaja saponaria and Cryptocarya alba from Contrasting Geographical Origins“. Plants 11, Nr. 21 (02.11.2022): 2963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212963.
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As a consequence of the megadrought in Central Chile, it is expected that most of the distribution of woody species will be narrowed in the northern limits because of restrictions imposed by soil matric potential on seed germination. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the soil matric potential on seed germination and initial recruitment of the sclerophyllous species Prosopis chilensis, Quillaja saponaria and Cryptocarya alba from contrasting geographic origins (i.e., seed sources). We evaluated the germination capacity (%) under different matric potentials (i.e., 0, −6, −33, −750 and −1250 kPa) for 100 days. Soil matric potential of −1250 kPa negatively affected the germination capacity of the three species. P. chilensis seeds stopped germinating under soil matric potential close to −1200 kPa, whereas in Q. saponaria and C. alba the complete inhibition of germination was under −1000 kPa. Seed sources also differed in their germination capacity by soil matric potential: northern seed sources of P. chilensis germinated with the lowest soil matric potential. There was no clear trend in Q. saponaria and C. alba, but in general, southern seed sources performed better than the northern ones. The results showed that Ѱm in the soil played an important role in the germinative capacity against different seed source origins, but not in soils with a north–south gradient.
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Ling-Yun, Wu, Yan Jun, Huang Zhi-wu, Wan Yan-Hui und Zhu Wei-Min. „Solid matrix priming improves cauliflower and broccoli seed germination and early growth under the suboptimal temperature conditions“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 10 (03.10.2022): e0275073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275073.
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Seed priming is an effective method for imparting stress tolerance to plants. This study aimed to analyze the effects of solid matrix priming (SMP) on cauliflower and broccoli seed germination and early seedling growth under suboptimal temperature conditions. The SMP method used in this study included the following steps: (1) mixing seeds with vermiculite and water at a ratio of 2:3:2.5 (w/w/v) and incubating for 2 days in the dark at 20°C; (2) drying the SM-primed seed; (3) germinating the SM-primed and the nonprimed seeds at 10, 15, 20, and 25°C; (4) analyzing the antioxidant enzyme activities of SM-primed and nonprimed germinating broccoli and cauliflower seeds in the early germination stage at 10, 15, 20, and 25°C; and (5) testing the emergence of SM-primed and nonprimed control seeds in the early spring glasshouse. The results showed that the SMP improved seed germination vigor and early seedling growth and increased the activities of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase in the germinating cauliflower and broccoli seeds under the suboptimal temperature conditions in the early germination stage compared with nonprimed seeds. It was observed that the suboptimal temperature conditions (i.e., 10 and 15°C) suppressed SM-primed and nonprimed seed germination and early seedling growth of cauliflower and broccoli. Inside a greenhouse, the SMP improved the emergence of cauliflower and broccoli seeds during the early spring season. SMP is an effective method for improving seed germination and the emergence of cauliflower and broccoli under suboptimal temperature conditions.
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Foolad, Majid R., Prakash Subbiah und Liping Zhang. „Common QTL Affect the Rate of Tomato Seed Germination under Different Stress and Nonstress Conditions“. International Journal of Plant Genomics 2007 (10.02.2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/97386.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the rates of tomato seed germination under different stress and nonstress conditions were under common genetic controls by examining quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting such traits. Seeds of BC1 progeny of a cross between a slow-germinating tomato breeding line and a rapid-germinating tomato wild accession were evaluated for germination under nonstress as well as cold, salt, and drought stress conditions. In each treatment, the most rapidly-germinating seeds were selected, grown to maturity, and subjected to molecular marker analysis. A selective genotyping approach detected between 6 and 9 QTL affecting germination rate under each of the four conditions, with a total of 14 QTL identified. Ten QTL affected germination rate under 2 or 3 conditions, which were considered germination-related common QTL. Four QTL affected germination rate only in one treatment, which were considered germination-related, condition-specific QTL . The results indicated that mostly the same QTL affected seed germination under different stress and nonstress conditions, supporting a previous suggestion that similar physiological mechanisms contribute to rapid seed germination under different conditions. Marker-assisted selection for the common QTL may result in progeny with rapid seed germinability under different conditions.
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Tan, Jia W., Sharon T. Kester, Kai Su, David F. Hildebrand und Robert L. Geneve. „Seed Priming and Pericarp Removal Improve Germination in Low-Germinating Seed Lots of Industrial Hemp“. Crops 2, Nr. 4 (21.10.2022): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops2040028.
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Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is experiencing a resurgence in North America as an agricultural commodity. Germplasm improvement for locally adapted and stable cannabinoid production is an industry priority. This study used seed priming and pericarp removal to recover seedlings in low-germinating seed lots that could prove important for plant breeding and germplasm conservation. Both seed priming and pericarp removal improved early seed germination, but pericarp removal was more effective in improving overall final germination percentages. On average, pericarp removal improved final germination in low-germinating seed lots by approximately 38% compared to intact seed germination. In seeds with the pericarp removed, the initial germination substrate had an impact on normal seedling development following transplanting: those germinated for 2 to 3 days on rolled towels produced more normal seedlings compared to those started in Petri dishes. There was a dramatic increase in abnormal seedlings produced in the low-germinating seed lot initially germinated in a Petri dish wetted with 6 mL water where nearly 80% never transitioned to normal actively growing seedlings.
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Nikolić, Biljana, Sonja Braunović, Filip Jovanović, Saša Eremija, Marija Marković und Ljubinko Rakonjac. „Seed germination tests in Achillea genus from the Pirot County (Southeastern Serbia)“. Etnobotanika 2, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2022): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/etnbot22.145n.
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Conditions in Serbia are favorable for the successful cultivation of high-quality varieties of yarrow. The paper examines the germination of seeds of four species of the genus Achillea (A. clypeolata, A. coarctata, A. crithmifolia, A. millefolium), which grow wild in the Pirot County, in order to investigate their potential cultivation. The seeds were first placed in Krstić’s germinator for germination without prior stratification, where, apart from A. crithmifolia seeds, the seeds of the other species did not germinate. After maintaining the seeds for 24 h in a refrigerator, treatment with hot water and a 20% solution of bleach had a favorable effect on the seed germination of all four Achillea species, especially white-flowered yarrow (A. crithmifolia and A. millefolium). In particular, pouring hot water on A. crithmifolia increased the germination energy by 65% and seed germination for 43.8%, while the seed of A. millefolium, reach the germination energy increased 78% and germination 81%, so this type of seed treatment is recommended before sowing.
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Zhao, Jia, Wenjun Li, Shan Sun, Liling Peng, Zhibo Huang, Yongqi He und Zhoufei Wang. „The Rice Small Auxin-Up RNA Gene OsSAUR33 Regulates Seed Vigor via Sugar Pathway during Early Seed Germination“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 4 (04.02.2021): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041562.
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Seed vigor affects seed germination and seedling emergence, and therefore is an important agronomic trait in rice. Small auxin-up RNAs (SAURs) function in a range of developmental processes, but their role in seed vigor remains unclear. Here, we observed that disruption of OsSAUR33 resulted in reduced germination rates and low seed uniformity in early germination. Expression of OsSAUR33 was higher in mature grains and early germinating seeds. RNA-seq analysis revealed that OsSAUR33 modulated seed vigor by affecting the mobilization of stored reserves during germination. Disruption of OsSAUR33 increased the soluble sugar content in dry mature grains and seeds during early germination. OsSAUR33 interacted with the sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase OsSnRK1A, a regulator of the sugar signaling pathway, which influences the expression of sugar signaling-related genes during germination. Disruption of OsSAUR33 increased sugar-sensitive phenotypes in early germination, suggesting OsSAUR33 likely affects seed vigor through the sugar pathway. One elite haplotype of OsSAUR33 associated with higher seed vigor was identified mainly in indica accessions. This study provides insight into the effects of OsSAUR33 on seed vigor in rice.
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Pahl, M. D. „Design of a seed surface disinfection apparatus“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, Nr. 1 (01.01.1993): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-020.
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Accurate germination tests often require control of fungal and bacterial contamination in germinating seeds. However, disinfection of seed surfaces to reduce contamination can be time consuming. A new seed surface disinfection apparatus was designed to save time and reduce the variability between seed lots. Key words: Germination tests, seed surface disinfection
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Vrzalová, Jana, und Pavel Knot. „The effect of seed age and treatment by Proradix method on germinability and initial growth of selected meadow grass (Poa pratensis) varieties“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, Nr. 5 (2011): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159050309.
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The goal of the study conducted in 2008 and 2010 at the Research Forage Production Station in Vatín was to investigate the influence of seed age and seed treatment by Proradix method on the germination dynamics, total germinating capacity and initial growth rate of selected meadow grass varieties. The testing was carried out in controlled conditions on the germinator. Our results indicate that the age of seed significantly affects both the germination dynamics and the total germinating capacity. On day 7 after the establishment of the trial, a significantly higher germinating capacity was observed in the 4-year old seed (33.3%) as compared with the 2-year old seed (17.4%). Nevertheless, from day 13, higher germination values were recorded in the younger seed and its total achieved germinating capacity was significantly higher too (+7.2%). Interesting was a finding that the older seed of most varieties showed a more readily oncoming germination, which may play a quite important role in some cases namely in meadow grass, which is known by slow initial growth. The older seed exhibited significantly lower values of both above-ground biomass and the biomass of roots. The Proradix method appeared as efficient in boosting the total germinating capacity. It significantly increased germination rate as well as total germinating capacity. At the same time, a positive effect was observed of treatment by this method on the length of both shoot and root parts; the difference was statistically insignificant though.
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Tyagi, A. P., M. Taylor und P. C. Deo. „Seed germination and seedling development in Taro (Colocasia esculenta)“. South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 22, Nr. 1 (2004): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp04007.
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Two taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. esculenta) cultivars from Fiji and Papua New Guinea were grown at the University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Fiji to produce seeds for seed storage experiments. Gibberellic acid at a 500ppm concentration was used to induce flowering. Very few flowering shoots (inflorescence) were observed in the Fiji cultivar and all pollinations were unsuccessful. However the PNG cultivar flowered well and was used to obtain seed after hand pollination. Hand pollination was carried out to ensure seed setting in developing fruits in the inflorescence. Seeds were extracted in the laboratory after harvesting mature inflorescences. Experiments were conducted on seed moisture content, desiccation, germination, seedling development and seed storage behaviour of taro (Colocasia esculenta) seeds. Seed moisture content was determined using oven methods and air-drying. Results demonstrated that taro seeds have a moisture content of 12-13% after air-drying for three to four weeks. Seeds were dried to desired moisture contents in a desiccator over silica gel. After drying to 5% moisture content seed viability was tested by germinating seeds on moist filter paper at room temperature with 65% relative humidity and seven to eight hours day length. Preliminary seed germination tests demonstrated up to 83% germination for seeds with 13% moisture content. Germination occurred within five to seven days. Maximum germination was achieved within 21 days. The highest germination (80%) was achieved with seeds with 12% moisture content. Results indicated there was no relationship between moisture content and seed germination. Normal seedling development and growth was recorded after germination.
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Ribeiro-Oliveira, João Paulo, Marco Aurélio Bosseli und Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva. „Acceleration in Germination Sensu stricto Plays a Central Role on Seedling Vigor in Post-Germination“. Plants 10, Nr. 10 (11.10.2021): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102151.
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An obvious relationship between germination sensu stricto and seedling development during post-germination has been considered, but not explained concerning vigor. Taking this into account, we used measurements of water dynamics in germinating seeds and seedling development to clarify that relationship. The biological model was soybean seeds, since it is the most relevant ‘true seed’ produced around world. Our findings suggest that the way energy is used (acceleration) and not its input (velocity) is the main aspect relating seed germination and seedling development, especially when considering vigor. However, velocity and acceleration can be complementary in analyses of seed physiology. Other measurements proposed here also have potential uses for testing vigor in seed lots, such as seedling vigor index and biological activity in the lot. Therefore, water dynamics in germinating seeds can be an interesting way for testing seed lots, because it is an easier, faster and cheaper method in relation to other non-destructive procedures.
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Liu, Yongjie, und Fujiang Hou. „Effects of three-dimensional soil heterogeneity on seed germination in controlled experiments“. Journal of Plant Ecology 14, Nr. 1 (19.10.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa070.
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Abstract Aims Seed germinations react to their local growing conditions, but the impacts of soil heterogeneity on seed germinations are not well known. Methods Effects of three-dimensional soil heterogeneity on seed germinations of grasses species were explored, where two levels of such soil heterogeneity were created via alternatively filling nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich substrate in pot in all directions. Patch sizes of the two heterogeneity levels are around 7.5 and 15 cm, respectively. Fifty seeds of each of the grasses species (Lolium perenne and Elymus nutans) were set either in these heterogeneous soils or in petri dishes with distilled water. Seed germinations of these species were daily recorded. Important Findings We found that pots with smaller patches had relatively lower germination rate, which is consistent with our expectation that shorter distance between nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor patches in pots with smaller patches allows plants to reduce their germination rates and delay their germination, in order to reduce the negative impacts of the strong variation of soil resources in these pots. Our results also revealed that pots with smaller patches yielded more heterogeneous seed germination, i.e. seed germinations highly diverged among these pots. These findings highlight that the realistic three-dimensional design can improve our understanding of seed germination as driven by soil spatial heterogeneity.
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Tabatabaei, S. A. „The Changes of Germination Characteristics and Enzyme Activity of Barley Seeds under Accelerated Aging“. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 48, Nr. 2 (01.06.2015): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0030.
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Abstract Seed aging is the main problem of seed storage. Changes of enzyme activity and reduction of seedling growth are consequence of seed deterioration. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of accelerated aging on germination indexes and enzyme activity of barley seeds. Seeds were incubated in closed plastic boxes for the accelerated aging treatments at 41°C. Three accelerate aging regimes were performed by placing seeds at 41°C and relative humidity (RH) of 90-100 % for 0, 4 and 8 day periods. Our results showed that increasing aging duration resulted higher reduction in germination percentage, germination index, mean time to germination, normal seedling percentage, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. The highest germination percentage, germination index, normal seedling percentage and enzyme activity were achieved in control conditions (0 day of aging). Under aging conditions, germination percentage, means time to germination, germination index, normal seedling percentage and enzyme activity decrease significantly. Also, our results indicated that seed aging is related to decrease of enzymes and may contribute to low germination efficiency. The general decreases in enzyme activity in the seed lowers the respiratory capacity, which in turn lowers both the energy (ATP) and assimilates supply of the germinating seed, also decrease in antioxidant enzymes is linked to an increased accelerated ageing and decreased germination characteristics. Subsequently, proposed a positive relationship between antioxidant enzyme capacity and the vigour of the seed
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Barney, Danny L. „Germination Characteristics of Thin-leaved Huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum)“. HortScience 32, Nr. 3 (Juni 1997): 538B—538. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.538b.
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Seeds of V. membranaceum germinated in petri dishes fresh (undried), airdried for 7 days, or cold-stored for 1 or 6 years exhibited similar germination vs. time curves. Dry storage at 0–4°C for 1 or 6 years did not reduce the percentage of germination compared to fresh seeds. Cold stratification at 0–4°C slowed germination by extending the initial lag phase compared to unstratified seed. Stratification for 28 to 56 days delayed germination by ≈2 weeks. This pattern held true for fresh (undried) seed, seed air-dried for 7 days, and seed cold-stored for 6 years. Surface sterilization for 20 or 30 minutes with a 0.5% aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite reduced fungal and bacterial contamination of germinating seeds without adversely impacting germination. Treatment of V. membranaceum seeds with captan or mancozeb fungicide inhibited germination by extending the lag phase and reducing the germination vs. time slope of the exponential phase. Mancozeb-treated seeds exhibited a lower percentage of germination than did controls, and often developed necrotic radical tips.
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Awopegba, T. M., und Augustine A. Matthew. „Impact of Maize Seed Moisture Content Reduction on Germination Parameters as Influenced by Sun Drying“. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 8, Nr. 4 (2023): 046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.84.6.
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When growing seedlings for commercial purposes, excellent seed quality is crucial. Seed quality influences germination rate because seeds that sprout slower typically produce lower-quality seedlings. In numerous plants, seed moisture content has a significant impact on seed germinating speed. This study investigates the impact of various moisture content (MC) reductions on maize germination parameters and determines the moisture content level essential for maize germination. A comprehensive laboratory experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and three replicates. The treatment levels were maize seeds not sun-dried after collection (control), maize seed sun-dried for 3 days, maize seed sun-dried for 6 days, maize seed sun-dried for 9 days, and maize seed sun-dried for 12 days. Data were obtained on shoot length, root length, seedling length, germination percentage (GP), germination energy (GE), mean germination time (MGT), and seedling vigour index (SVI). All germination parameters were taken and calculated and the experiment was terminated two weeks after planting (WAP). Results indicated that the control significantly (p<0.05) performed better than other treatments for all the germination parameters. It was determined that maize with moisture content of 9.4% and below had low germination ability. This study concludes that the impacts of reduced moisture content on maize's physical properties (quality, texture, shape), chemical composition (fat and starch content), and biological characteristics (seed viability) resulted in the low germination ability of maize seeds.
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Paynter, BH, und KW Dixon. „Propagation of yellow bells (Geleznowia verrucosa Turcz., Rutaceae) from seed“. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, Nr. 5 (1991): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9910901.
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Geleznowia verrucosa Turcz. (Rutaceae) is a commercially important, bush-picked wildflower that has no known commercial means of propagation. This study examined factors influencing seed dormancy and likely to restrict germination of the species. Germination of entire, untreated seed was low (less than 2%), but removal of a small portion of the testa at or near the radicle end of the seed improved germination. This response was affected by the temperature under which the seed germinated, but was unaffected by exposure of the seed to light while germinating. The percentage germination of nicked seeds 52 days after sowing increased from 8% to 16-19% by increasing the temperature from 15/10�C to 20/15�C; 55-60% of nicked seed germinated when the germination temperature was increased to 23/15�C. The germination of nicked seed was reduced by leaching in running tap water. Following 1 week of leaching the germination percentage of nicked seed at day 52 in the glasshouse was reduced from 16% to 9%, with a further decrease to 5% after 2 weeks of leaching. There was also no stimulatory effect on the germination of entire seeds by stratifying the seed at 5�C after periods of solarisation. It is concluded that dormancy of fresh seeds of G. verrucosa is caused, in part, by the mechanical restriction of the testa on embryo growth and elongation.
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Khaiper, Mamta, Preety Verma, Monika Jangra, Anil Kumar, Arun Kumar Kagra, Gulab, Ishu Redhu und Ajay. „Biorationals and Chemical Treatments to Overcome the Dormancy in Tree spp.“ International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, Nr. 3 (01.03.2023): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i31683.
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Dormancy in seeds is defined as the failure of seeds to germinate despite the presence of all necessary conditions for germination. It is caused by the impermeability of the hard seed coat or a lack of availability and activity of germination-essential enzymes. Seeds undergo a variety of physical and chemical pre-treatments to break their dormancy. It results into lower seed germination rate and poor growth. To overcome this drawback various treatments are given to the seeds before sowing this study reviews some of the pre-sowing practices and the effects they have on seed germination and growth. Scientists are quite concerned about seed dormancy; hence it is a research topic of interest to develop an effective solution. All viable seeds are capable of germinating if the proper pre-sowing treatment is used.
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Michael, Pippa J., Kathryn J. Steadman und Julie A. Plummer. „Seed development in Malva parviflora: onset of germinability, dormancy and desiccation tolerance“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, Nr. 6 (2007): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06078.
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Seed development was examined in Malva parviflora. The first flower opened 51 days after germination; flowers were tagged on the day that they opened and monitored for 33 days. Seeds were collected at 12 stages during this period and used to determine moisture content, germination of fresh seeds and desiccation tolerance (seeds dried to 10% moisture content followed by germination testing). Seed moisture content decreased as seeds developed, whereas fresh (max. 296 mg) and dry weight (max. 212 mg) increased to peak at 12–15 and ~21 days after flowering (DAF), respectively. Therefore, physiological maturity occurred at 21 DAF, when seed moisture content was 16–21%. Seeds were capable of germinating early in development, reaching a maximum of 63% at 9 DAF, but germination declined as development continued, presumably due to the imposition of physiological dormancy. Physical dormancy developed at or after physiological maturity, once seed moisture content declined below 20%. Seeds were able to tolerate desiccation from 18 DAF; desiccation hastened development of physical dormancy and improved germination. These results provide important information regarding M. parviflora seed development, which will ultimately improve weed control techniques aimed at preventing seed set and further additions to the seed bank.
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Gundala, Belangie Tuahte, Eny Widajati und Satriyas Ilyas. „The Development of Germination Tests and Breaking Dormancy Techniques of Bitter Seeds (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees)“. Journal of Tropical Crop Science 10, Nr. 02 (28.06.2023): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.10.02.124-132.
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Bitter seed (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees) is a medicinal species used in phyto pharmacy and known as ‘the king of bitterness’. Bitter seeds contain andrographolide,
a diterpenoid lactone which is widely used in Indian medicine for snake bites and for the treatment of hepatitis. The research was conducted at the Seed Management Unit experimental field of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Plants Research Institute (IMACRI) and at the Seed Quality Testing Laboratory of IPB University, Indonesia, from January until May 2021. The objectives of the study is to determine the best germination test and effective breaking dormancy techniques to increase the germination percentage of bitter seeds. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with two-factors. The first factor was seed treatments, i.e., control/untreated, chemical scarification with 5% H2SO4 for 10 minutes, and 5% H2SO4 followed by a 100 ppm GA3 soaking treatment. The second factor conducted was germination test methods according to International Seed Testing Association, i.e., germinating the seeds on the top of paper and in pleated paper. Our study demonstrated that seed treatment with H2SO4 can break seed dormancy and speed up seed germination. Bitter seed germination on the pleated paper was higher than with the top-of-paper method. Bitter seed germination with the top-of-paper method was at 65 DAS and the final germination was at 80 days after sowing (DAS), and the final germination was 55.2%. With the pleated paper method, the seeds germinated at 30 DAS and the final germination was at 70 DAS, and the final the germination of 59.2%.
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Fernando, Nimesha, Talia Humphries, Singarayer K. Florentine und Bhagirath S. Chauhan. „Factors Affecting Seed Germination of Feather Fingergrass (Chloris virgata)“. Weed Science 64, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2016): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-15-00212.1.
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Laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the effect of several environmental factors on seed germination of feather fingergrass, one of the most significant emerging weeds in warm regions of the world. Seed germination occurred over a broad range of temperatures (17/7, 25/10, and 30/20 C), but germination being highest at alternating temperatures of 30/20 C under both 12 h light/12 h dark and 24 h dark conditions. Although seed germination was favored by light, some seeds were capable of germinating in the dark. Increasing salt stress decreased seed germination until complete inhibition was reached at 250-mM sodium chloride. Germination decreased from 64 to 0.7% as osmotic potential decreased from 0 to −0.4 MPa, and was completely inhibited at −0.6 MPa. Higher seed germination (> 73%) was observed in the range of pH 6.4 to 8 than the other tested pH levels. Heat shock had a significant effect on seed germination. Germination of seeds placed at 130 C for 5 min was completely inhibited for both dry and presoaked seeds. The results of this study will help to develop protocols for managing feather fingergrass, and to thus avoid its establishment as a troublesome weed in economically important cropping regions.
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Valšíková, Magdaléna, Jaroslav Jedlička, Ivana Mezeyová und Seda Guler. „Influence Of Magnetic Field On Onion Seed Germination“. Acta Horticulturae et Regiotectuare 18, Nr. 1 (01.05.2015): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ahr-2015-0003.
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Abstract Dynamics of onion seeds germination with different germinability and magnetic field influence with variable intensity on onion germinative activity was determined in trials. Amika F1 hybrid marked low germinative activity. On 21th day after trial foundation it reached germinability of 34–46%. Halftime of this germination was reached on fourth to fifth day after trial foundation. Exhibition variety had convenient germination activity, 70–91%. Halftime of its germinability was reached on sixth to eighth day after trial foundation. On the base of submitted results there can be said that the seed with low germinative activity has faster initial start of germination. The seed with suitable germinative activity has more regular course of germinability from the beginning till the end of germination. Seeds of varieties Amika F1 and Exhibition achieved significantly lower germination in the radiation intensity of 20 mT compared to other variants with the radiation intensity of 40 mT, 55 mT and the control one. Between the variants of 40 mT, 55 mT and the control one the differences were not significant.
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Edo-Tena, Eva, Russ W. Gesch und Aritz Royo-Esnal. „Germination Patterns in Seeds Produced in Apical and Basal Fruits of Two Thlaspi arvense Populations“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 5 (25.05.2020): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050756.
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The aim of the present work is to study possible differences in the germination behavior of apical and basal seeds (produced in the upper and lower fruits of the infruitescence), of two populations of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense), both produced in a Mediterranean and a continental temperate climate. The results showed that among the three studied factors (population, seed type, production site), only the production site was relevant for the total germination, germinating those produced in Morris in a greater amount than those produced in Lleida. Germination models could be applied only to seeds produced at Morris (>10% germination), and despite the lack of differences in the total germination percentage, germination rates (speed—b parameter—and time to 50% germination—G50) differed between population and seed types—apical seeds from the Spanish population germinated faster (lower b parameter) than the rest, while apical seeds of both populations germinated faster than the corresponding basal seeds (lower G50). The results show, on the one hand, the importance of the seed production site if this species was considered as a commercial oilseed crop and, on the other hand, differences that will help seed selection for seed germination and establishment improvement of pennycress.
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Dawar, Rakesh, Vishwanath Rohidas Yalamalle, Ram Swaroop Bana, Ramanjit Kaur, Yashbir Singh Shivay, Anil K. Choudhary, Teekam Singh et al. „Seed Dormancy Dynamics and Germination Characteristics of Malva parviflora L.“ Agriculture 14, Nr. 2 (07.02.2024): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020266.
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Little mallow (Malva parviflora L.) is a notorious weed that causes substantial yield losses in winter crops. For effective weed management and seed testing, a deeper understanding of seed dormancy, germination behavior, and dormancy-breaking methods is necessary. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of seed treatments, i.e., mechanical scarification, acid scarification, hot water treatment, and different germinating temperatures, i.e., 15 °C, 20 °C, or alternating 15–20 °C (16/8 h), on the seed dormancy in M.parviflora. A large proportion of M. parviflora seeds were physically dormant, with just 10.90% germination. Seed treatments had a significant influence on seed germination, seedling dry weight, vigor index, and water absorption (p ≤ 0.01). Among the various treatments, mechanical scarification enhanced germination by 32%, the vigor index by 487% and water uptake by 34%, and decreased percent hard seeds by 34%. Among the various germination temperatures, alternating 15–20 °C temperatures (16/8 h) gave the most significant result for germination and the lowest percent hard seeds. The findings of this study will serve as a valuable reference for seed testing and the development of suitable weed control strategies for M. parviflora.
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Bakei, S. K. „Seed germination of invasive plant species of the genus Goldenrod (Solidago)“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 64, Nr. 1 (18.02.2019): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2019-64-1-107-111.
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The germination of seeds of invasive compaction of plant species of the genus Solidago was studied in 38 samples selected within the Minsk (17 samples) and Novogrudok (21 samples) Upland in the autumn (14 samples), winter (11 samples) and spring (13 samples) periods 2017–2018 years. Germination of seeds varies in a wide range from 0 to 95%. Also, when registering the results, they revealed the presence of undeveloped seeds, the number of which in the samples ranges from 2 to 95 %. A pronounced feedback was established between the germination of seeds and the number of undeveloped seeds (correlation coefficient –0.97). Between autumn, winter and spring samples there were no statistically significant differences in seed germination and the number of undeveloped seeds. Between the samples selected within the Minsk and Novogrudok Upland, statistically significant differences were revealed both for seed germination (р = 0.00018) and for the number of undeveloped seeds (р = 0.00032). Thus, the dependence of germinating seed germination on seasonal climatic changes is not revealed. For seed germination, stratification is not required and they are resistant to frost. It is also necessary to conduct additional studies to identify the factors affecting the formation of seeds.
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Salomé-Díaz, Julieta, Jordan Golubov, Luis E. Eguiarte und Alberto Búrquez. „Difference in Germination Traits between Congeneric Native and Exotic Species May Affect Invasion“. Plants 13, Nr. 4 (07.02.2024): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13040478.
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Germination traits are components of invasion potential, and comparing seed traits in sympatric native and invasive species can offer insights into the invasion process. We characterized seed germination traits and how they influenced the success of Eragrostis mexicana, a native species, and Eragrostis tenuifolia, an exotic species (Poaceae) in Mexico, in the context of their potential for biological invasion. Seeds from both species were collected from four sites in a natural protected area in Mexico City, and the germination of seeds of different ages was conducted in experiments at different temperatures. E. tenuifolia exhibited higher germination percentages than the native E. mexicana across all treatments. Seed age had differential effects, with older seeds of the native E. mexicana germinating better, while E. tenuifolia performed better with younger seeds. Temperature positively impacted germination for both species, although E. mexicana was limited at lower temperatures. Exotic E. tenuifolia can germinate over a wider temperature range with earlier germination rates, and generate a seed bank lasting several years, which may contribute to naturalization. The importance of germination traits in the context of invasive species establishment underscores the potential role of seed banks in facilitating biological invasions.
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Naylor, R. E. L. „An analysis of the differences in germination of seed lots of perennial ryegrass in response to artificial ageing“. Journal of Agricultural Science 112, Nr. 3 (Juni 1989): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600085804.
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SummaryStatistically sound methods for analysing the results of germination tests were used to quantify and assess differences between seed lots of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) subjected to accelerated ageing. Ageing altered not only the proportion of seed not germinating but also the mean germination time and the synchrony of germination. Seed lots differed in these three parameters before and after ageing. The responses to ageing of mean germination time and synchrony were not regular and a simulation of trie possible effects of ageing on germination suggested this irregularity might be due to changes in the proportion of viable seeds and to a non-normal distribution of seed ages.
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Curtis, Marnelle, Katherine Chi und Brenda Molano-Flores. „Seed ecology ofSynthyris bullii(Plantaginaceae), a rare endemic of the midwestern USA“. Botany 91, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2013): 884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0024.
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Many rare plant species are declining owing to habitat destruction and degradation. Because many populations of rare species suffer low recruitment, a good understanding of seed ecology is crucial for developing effective conservation and management plans. In this study, we examine the effects of shading, seed longevity, and soilless mixes on seed germination for the rare midwestern USA endemic Synthyris bullii (Eaton) A. Heller. Seed germination studies were conducted in a greenhouse environment utilizing seeds from populations collected in Illinois in 2008, 2009, and 2010. In the shading study, both control (66.7% ± 1.3%) and green wrap (63.7% ± 1.3%) had similar and greater percent seed germination than the solid white wove paper (59.5% ± 1.3%). Percent seed germination was similar for seeds collected in 2010 and 2009 (59.5% ± 3.3% and 55.1% ± 4.4%, respectively) in the longevity study, but germination was lower for seeds collected in 2008 (27.1% ± 4.0%) compared with both of the other years. For the soilless mixes study, seeds sown in only one of the three media, Fafard Super-Fine Germinating Mix, emerged (3.5% ± 1.0%). Results from these studies suggest that for S. bullii, (i) seeds may be shade tolerant, (ii) seed viability lessens with age, and (iii) seedlings require a special soilless mix to grow. The information generated by this study can provide guidelines for better seed storage and germination protocols for the conservation of this rare plant species.
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Doucet, Colleen, und Paul B. Cavers. „Induced dormancy and colour polymorphism in seeds of the bull thistleCirsium vulgare(Savi) Ten.“ Seed Science Research 7, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1997): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500003810.
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AbstractTo colonize newly disturbed areas, weedy species must disperse their seeds in space and/or in time.Cirsium vulgarehas poor dispersal in space, but can form a persistent seed bank. Fresh seeds are capable of germinating in either light/dark or constant dark conditions under favourable diurnal temperatures of 25°C: 10°C. Despite this lack of dormancy, a large proportion of seeds do not germinate in the autumn after dispersal. Variation in germination requirements according to seed colour was also examined. Fresh seeds were placed under one of two overwintering treatments at 5°C, alternating light/dark or constant darkness. Some seeds of all colours: white, light, intermediate, dark and black germinated under these conditions. Six months later, ungerminated seeds subjected to the light/dark treatment did not require light for germination when placed under optimal temperatures. However, most seeds that had overwintered in constant darkness required light for germination. In the field, this induced dormancy would prevent seeds from germinating if buried or located in deep shade. Such seeds have the potential of forming a persistent seed bank. The proportion of dormant seeds did not appear to be associated with seed colour. Seeds incubated at 10°C following overwintering under light/dark conditions germinated to a higher percentage than seeds overwintered in darkness, regardless of the light conditions for germination. The results of this study help to explain the contradiction between delayed germination in the field and the lack of seed dormancy.
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MURUGESAN, P., G. RAVICHANDRAN und M. SHAREEF. „Seed germination and ultra structural changes in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) hybrid seed influenced by heat treatments“. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, Nr. 11 (17.11.2015): 1419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i11.53668.
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Seed dormancy in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is considered as one of the major causes for low and erratic germination. Oil palm hybrid seeds (dura × pisifera) were subjected to heat treatment for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days in a heating room at 39 + 1ºC and germination response, ultrastructural changes in embryo, endosperm and operculum structures were observed. The results revealed that seed heating for 50, 60 and 70 days and incubation in germination room (25 to 27 ºC) resulted in germination of 90.4, 93.6 and 94.8%, respectively. Heating of seeds for 0, 10 and 20 days had no effect on germination. Structural changes of dormant and germinating seeds were investigated through microtome sectioning and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Endosperm above the embryo is demarcated by several layers of small cells. During the break of seed dormancy, endosperm cleaves in the micropylar region through the small cells. Enlargement of embryo facilitates the dislocation of the operculum during the germination. It is confirmed that heat treatment for 60 to 70 days to be optimum for obtaining maximum oil palm seed germination. Nevertheless, heating oil palm seeds at 50oC is recommended for maximum germination in a short time.
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Cezar Tannure Faria, Julio, Caius Ribeiro-Kumara, Alana Chocorosqui Fernandes, Olívia Alvina Oliveira Tonetti und Lucas Amaral de Melo. „Physiological quality of Moquiniastrum polymorphum seeds processed with a general seed blower“. Advances in Forestry Science 9, Nr. 4 (27.12.2022): 1903–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34062/afs.v9i4.11950.
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This study evaluates the physiological quality of Moquiniastrum polymorphum seeds, processed by a General seed blower, based on their germinability at different temperatures and on the imbibition curve, aiming to support future studies of M. polymorphum seeds processed by a General seed blower. Seeds were characterized regarding moisture, purity, germinability and thousand seed weight. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD). To characterize the triphasic process of germination, the imbibition curve during seed germination was modelled using 2 samples of seeds weighing 0.05 g. Physiological seed quality was assessed using a thermogradient table at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C (with constant light supply) and by calculating the germination speed index (GSI), along with the time to reach 50% germination (T50) and uniformity of germination (U75-25). Each temperature treatment included 4 replications of 50 seeds each. It was found that the optimum temperature for germination was 30 °C with constant light supply, resulting in higher means of normal seedlings, GSI, T50 and U75-25. Moreover, the imbibition curve at 30 °C and constant light supply exhibited a triphasic pattern common to seed germination. In conclusion, the new findings on the germinative potential of M. polymorphum seeds processed by a General seed blower uncovered here can be applied in the methodology of future studies of M. polymorphum or used as recommendations for species of the same genus
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Kumar, Prabal, Kalpana Tyagi, Manish Singh und Devendra Kumar. „Effect of Temperature, Media and Light on Germination of Prinsepia utilis Royle Seeds“. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28 (2022): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i07s.057.
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Effect of temperature and media was studied on seed germination of Prinsepia utilis Royle (bhekal). Germination tests were conducted at four different temperatures viz. 5±1 o C, 15±1 o C, 25±1 o C and ambient room temperature with three germination media viz. top of germination paper (TP), between of paper (BP) and quartz sterilized sand at 90±5% relative humidity in a seed germinator for 21 days. Media and Temperature significantly affected seed traits. Seeds germinated well over wide range of temperature 15±1 o C, to ambient room. Significantly, higher germination percentage, germination value (GV) and minimum mean germination time (MGT) were obtained at 25±1 o C. lower than 25±1 o C and higher temperature (ambient room temperature) had adverse effect on germination of bhekal seeds. Among media, between paper (BP) was found the best in which maximum germination percentage, minimum MGT and maximum GV was recorded. Sand media was found inferior as compared to between and top of paper. Seed germination was unaffected with light.
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Xia, Qiong, Marine Saux, Maharajah Ponnaiah, Françoise Gilard, François Perreau, Stéphanie Huguet, Sandrine Balzergue et al. „One Way to Achieve Germination: Common Molecular Mechanism Induced by Ethylene and After-Ripening in Sunflower Seeds“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, Nr. 8 (20.08.2018): 2464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082464.
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Dormancy is an adaptive trait that blocks seed germination until the environmental conditions become favorable for subsequent vegetative plant growth. Seed dormancy is defined as the inability to germinate in favorable conditions. Dormancy is alleviated during after-ripening, a dry storage period, during which dormant (D) seeds unable to germinate become non-dormant (ND), able to germinate in a wide range of environmental conditions. The treatment of dormant seeds with ethylene (D/ET) promotes seed germination, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment reduces non-dormant (ND/ABA) seed germination in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus). Metabolomic and transcriptomic studies have been performed during imbibition to compare germinating seeds (ND and D/ET) and low-germinating seeds (D and ND/ABA). A PCA analysis of the metabolites content showed that imbibition did not trigger a significant change during the first hours (3 and 15 h). The metabolic changes associated with germination capacity occurred at 24 h and were related to hexoses, as their content was higher in ND and D/ET and was reduced by ABA treatment. At the transcriptional level, a large number of genes were altered oppositely in germinating, compared to the low-germinating seeds. The metabolomic and transcriptomic results were integrated in the interpretation of the processes involved in germination. Our results show that ethylene treatment triggers molecular changes comparable to that of after-ripening treatment, concerning sugar metabolism and ABA signaling inhibition.
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Martínková, A., A. Honěk und F. Pudil. „Seed size and dormancy in Rumex obtusifolius“. Plant Protection Science 35, No. 3 (01.01.1999): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/9707-pps.
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We tested the hypothesis, suggested by literature data, that in Rumex obtusifolius L. the germination of matured seeds harvested from dry standing shoots and achene morphology are correlated. In these seed materials the level of germination is determined by the incidence of primary seed dormancy. The regression of the percentage of germinating seeds on achene, perianth and seed size and mass were calculated for seed materials of 30 plants. The materials in which achene morphology was investigated were selected ex post from a set of seed materials of 241 plants to cover the range of variation of germinability of individual plants which was between 0-66%. There was no relationship between any characteristic of achene quality and germination except for a positive correlation between germination percentage and achene mass calculated only for seed materials of plants which pro duced germinable seeds (i.e. when plants with 0% germination were excluded from the analysis). The second part of the study investigated the effects of size variation on germinability among seeds harvested from one plant and after removal from the perianth. This variation was tested using sets of 20 size-assorted groups of 50 seeds, each originating from a particular plant; materials from six plants were tested. There were significant differences in the average germination between plants. However, in the material from the same plant there was no consistent relationship between seed mass and percentage of germination. We conclude that there exists no direct relationship between achene, perianth or seed size or mass and incidence of primary seed dormancy.
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Tognacca, Rocío Soledad, Karin Ljung und Javier Francisco Botto. „Unveiling Molecular Signatures in Light-Induced Seed Germination: Insights from PIN3, PIN7, and AUX1 in Arabidopsis thaliana“. Plants 13, Nr. 3 (30.01.2024): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13030408.
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Light provides seeds with information that is essential for the adjustment of their germination to the conditions that are most favorable for the successful establishment of the future seedling. The promotion of germination depends mainly on environmental factors, like temperature and light, as well as internal factors associated with the hormonal balance between gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA), although other hormones such as auxins may act secondarily. While transcriptomic studies of light-germinating Arabidopsis thaliana seeds suggest that auxins and auxin transporters are necessary, there are still no functional studies connecting the activity of the auxin transporters in light-induced seed germination. In this study, we investigated the roles of two auxin efflux carrier (PIN3 and PIN7) proteins and one auxin influx (AUX1) carrier protein during Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination. By using next-generation sequencing (RNAseq), gene expression analyses, hormonal sensitivity assays, and the quantification of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels, we assessed the functional roles of PIN3, PIN7, and AUX1 during light-induced seed germination. We showed that auxin levels are increased 24 h after a red-pulse (Rp). Additionally, we evaluated the germination responses of pin3, pin7, and aux1 mutant seeds and showed that PIN3, PIN7, and AUX1 auxin carriers are important players in the regulation of seed germination. By using gene expression analysis in water, fluridone (F), and ABA+F treated seeds, we confirmed that Rp-induced seed germination is associated with auxin transport, and ABA controls the function of PIN3, PIN7, and AUX1 during this process. Overall, our results highlight the relevant and positive role of auxin transporters in germinating the seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Nosratti, Iraj, Samira Soltanabadi, Saeid J. Honarmand und Bhagirath S. Chauhan. „Environmental factors affect seed germination and seedling emergence of invasive Centaurea balsamita“. Crop and Pasture Science 68, Nr. 6 (2017): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17183.
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Centaurea balsamita is a problematic and invasive weed of agricultural fields in western Iran. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different environmental factors on germination and seedling emergence of this weed species. Results revealed that seed germination occurred over a wide range of temperatures (from 5°C to 35°C) with the highest germination at 25°C. Seed germination of C. balsamita was similar between light and dark conditions. Germination decreased with increased in water stress levels, but some seeds were capable of germinating at –1.4 MPa osmotic potential. Seed germination was sensitive to salt stress and complete inhibition occurred at 150 mM sodium chloride. Seed germination of C. balsamita occurred over a pH range of 4–10 with lowest seed germination at pH 4. Seed germination was inhibited by increasing concentrations of potassium nitrate. No seedlings emerged when seeds were buried in the soil at depths greater than 6 cm, suggesting that using a sweep cultivator in crops and deep tillage would be beneficial in managing C. balsamita. The ability of C. balsamita to germinate under a wide range of temperature regimes and high levels of osmotic potential shows that this weed is well adapted to invade other cropping regions, especially rain-fed fields in western Iran.
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Liu, Jia, Sumei Qiu, Liping Yang, Can Yang, Tingting Xue und Yingdan Yuan. „Germination of pecan seeds changes the microbial community“. PeerJ 11 (13.12.2023): e16619. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16619.
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Endophytes are core of the plant-associated microbiome, and seed endophytes are closely related to the plant growth and development. Seed germination is an important part of pecan’s life activities, but the composition and changes of microbes during different germination processes have not yet been revealed in pecan seeds. In order to deeply explore the characteristics of endophytes during the germination process of pecan, high-throughput sequencing was performed on seeds at four different germination stages. Findings of present study was found that the diversity and composition of microorganisms were different in different germination stages, and the microbial richness and diversity were highest in the seed endocarp break stage. It was speculated that the change of endophytes in pecan seeds was related to the germination stage. By evaluating the relationship between microbial communities, the core microbiota Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria (bacterial) and Anthophyta and Ascomycota (fungal) core microbiota were identified in germinating pecan seeds. Finally, biomarkers in different germination processes of pecan seeds were identified by LEfSe analysis, among which Proteobacteria, Gamma proteobacteria and, Cyanobacteria and Ascomycota and Sordariomycetes were most abundant. Thus, this study will help to explore the interaction mechanism between pecan seeds and endophytes in different germination processes, and provide materials for the research and development of pecan seed endophytes.
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Pacheco, Mauro Vasconcelos, Vilmar Luciano Mattei, Valderez Pontes Matos und Lucia Helena de Moura Sena. „Germination and vigor of Dimorphandra mollis benth. seeds under different temperatures and substrates“. Revista Árvore 34, Nr. 2 (April 2010): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622010000200002.
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The Dimorphandra mollis Benth. - Caesalpiniaceae is a native forest species coming from the Cerrado and Caatinga due to its economical and ecological use, which justifies the studies on seed germination. In this work, germinative performance of D. mollis seeds were studied in different conditions of temperature regime and substrate. The experimental delineation used was completely randomized in factorial 4 x 4 (4 substrates -sand, coconut fiber, vermiculite and paper towel; and 4 temperatures: 25, 30, 35 and 20-30ºC), with four replications of 25 seeds each. The following parameters were evaluated: seed moisture content, final germination, first germination count, germination speed index, length and dry matter weight. The best germination and vigor is obtained at 30 and 35ºC. The substrates paper towel and vermiculite allow satisfactory germinative performance of seeds, being suitable to evaluate the physiological quality of D. mollis seeds.
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Findura, Pavol, Patryk Hara, Agnieszka Szparaga, Sławomir Kocira, Ewa Czerwińska, Peter Bartoš, Janusz Nowak und Krzysztof Treder. „Evaluation of the Effects of Allelopathic Aqueous Plant Extracts, as Potential Preparations for Seed Dressing, on the Modulation of Cauliflower Seed Germination“. Agriculture 10, Nr. 4 (10.04.2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10040122.
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Allelopathic plants can be widely used in bio-farming considering their potential role in the improvement of seed germination. The study presented in this work was designed to evaluate the effects of two extraction methods and the effects of allelopathic aqueous extracts from twenty plants as seed dressing preparations on the number of germinating and infested seeds of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea convarietas L. botrytis var. botrytis). Plant extracts (in the form of cold-soaked macerates and infusions) were used for seed dressing. The percentages of normally germinating, non-germinating, and pathogen-infested seeds were determined in a paper test. Of the 20 herbal plant species used in the study, the biopreparations extracted from Zea mays L. moles were the most effective as they evoked the most beneficial effects on both seed germination and reduction of infestation by microbial pathogens. The study also showed that infusions used for seed treatment were better at improving cauliflower seed germination than were macerates. This method of extract preparation probably enabled an increase both in the availability and activity of allelochemical compounds.
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Sarić-Krsmanović, Marija, Lyuben Zagorchev, Jelena Gajić Umiljendić, Miloš Rajković, Ljiljana Radivojević, Denitsa Teofanova, Dragana Božić und Sava Vrbničanin. „Variability in Early Seed Development of 26 Populations of Cuscuta campestris Yunck.: The Significance of Host, Seed Age, Morphological Trait, Light, Temperature, and Genetic Variance“. Agronomy 12, Nr. 3 (23.02.2022): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030559.
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Efficient approaches aimed at restricting Cuscuta campestris distribution can be based on the control of seed germination. Thus, data on effects of environmental factors, seed age, seed longevity and viability, and hosts on C. campestris seed germination and emergence would provide valuable information in that context. Seeds of 26 populations of C. campestris were collected from different locations in Serbia during the field season August–October between 2005 and 2019. Seeds were collected in three major agronomic regions in Serbia: Banat (13 populations), Srem (11 populations), and Macva (2 populations). The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of different temperatures and light on seed germination and seedling growth of populations of C. campestris, determine possible correlations between seed age or hosts and total germination and seedling growth, and survey the morphological diversity and genetic variability of seeds of this parasitic plant. Large variability of germination patterns was observed within each agronomic region, and the high variance of seed germination patterns within regions reflects the ability of C. campestris to adapt to local agricultural management practices. For practical purposes, populations that start and complete their emergence earlier are considered harder to control. Thus, farmers should implement effective mechanical and chemical management measures for early-germinating populations.
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Jeammuangpuk, Parinee, Parichart Promchote, Juangjun Duangpatra, Tanapon Chaisan, Damrongvudhi Onwimol und Craig K. Kvien. „Enhancement of Tainan 9 Peanut Seed Storability and Germination under Low Temperature“. International Journal of Agronomy 2020 (28.10.2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8813285.
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Low temperature condition during December to January can limit seed emergence and seedling establishment for peanut production in Thailand. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of peanut seed priming on seed germination and vigor under optimal and low temperature conditions before and after 9 months of storage. Tainan 9 peanut seeds were primed with salicylic acid (SA), ascorbate (ASA), CaCl2, or chitosan and tested for germination at 25°C (optimal temperature) and 15°C (low temperature) before and after a 9-month storage period. Seed priming with 50 mg·L−1 SA and 50 mg·L−1 ASA for 12 hours before germinating improved germination at 15°C when compared to untreated seeds both before and after 9-month storage. The high seed quality, illustrated by high germination percentage, high seed vigor, and low mean germination time related to the low autoxidation substrates: lipoxygenase (LOX), malondialdehyde (MDA), and high antioxidants: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). It suggests that peanut seed priming with salicylic acid and/or ascorbate can improve seedling emergence and growth under low temperature conditions.
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Chen, Yanfeng, Yan Liu, Lan Zhang, Lingwei Zhang, Nan Wu und Huiliang Liu. „Effect of salt stress and nitrogen supply on seed germination and early seedling growth of three coastal halophytes“. PeerJ 10 (07.10.2022): e14164. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14164.
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Due to high salinity and low nutrient concentrations, the coastal zone is considered as one of the most vulnerable of the earth’s habitats. Thus, the effect of salt and nitrogen on growth and development of coastal halophytes has been extensively investigated in recent years, but insufficient attention has been paid to the crucial stages of plant establishment, such as seed germination and seedling growth. Thus, we carried out a field experiment to evaluate the effects of salt stress (6, 10 and 20 g/kg NaCl) and nitrogen supply (0, 6 and 12 gm−2year−1) on seed germination and seedling growth of three coastal halophytes (including two dominant herb species Glehnia littoralis and Calystegia soldanella, one constructive shrub species Vitex rotundifolia) from September 2020 to June 2021. The results of our experiment showed that seeds of G. littoralis exhibited an explosive germination strategy in the early spring of 2021 with 70% of the seeds germinating. Conversely, the seeds of V. rotundifolia exhibited slow germination in the late spring of 2021 with only 60% of the seeds germinating. C. soldanella seed germination exhibited two obvious peak periods, but only 6% of the seeds germinated, which means that most seeds may be stored in the soil by stratification or died. All three halophytes showed greater sensitivity to nitrogen than salt stress during the seed germination stage. Nitrogen supply significantly delayed seed germination and reduced the cumulative germination percentage, particularly for G. littoralis. Despite the large impact of nitrogen on seed germination, nitrogen had a larger impact on seedling growth suggesting that the seedling growth stage of halophytes is more vulnerable to changes in nitrogen supply. Moreover, nitrogen supply significantly reduced the individual biomass of G. littoralis, C. soldanella and V. rotundifolia, with greater decreases seen in the dominant species than in the constructive species. Conversely, nitrogen supply increased underground biomass allocation of G. littoralis and C. soldanella, suggesting that the constructive species were less sensitive to nitrogen and exhibited a stronger anti-interference ability than the dominant species. Therefore, increasing nitrogen supply may firstly affect the seed germination and seedling growth of the dominant species, but not the constructive species.
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Ta, Na, Lisha A, Siriguleng Bai, Xiyele Mu, Li Bai, Rure A, Lan Feng und Minghai Fu. „Morphological and Seed Germination Behavior of Three Herba Swertiae Species from Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia: Temperature and Substrate Effects“. Seeds 1, Nr. 4 (20.09.2022): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/seeds1040019.
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The Mongolian medicinal herb Herba Swertiae is a group of critically endangered medicinal herbs that are difficult to obtain from the wild. This is due to their low percentage of seed germination and difficult domestication. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitable germination conditions for enabling large-scale cultivation and improving the breeding efficiency of these herbs. We used the seeds of Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries ex Nym, Gentianopsis barbata (Froel.) Ma., and Parnassis palustris L. to study their morphological characteristics and the required germination temperature and substrate. Results showed that there were aages outside the seed coats of all three Herba Swertiae collected from Hulunbuir, which had a binding effect on the primary root breaking through the seed coat to form seedlings. In addition, the seeds showed a significantly higher germination rate at 25 °C, and the percentage of seeds germinating in the mixed medium of soil and vermiculite at a 1:1 ratio was significantly higher than on filter paper. We conclude that the morphological characteristics of the seeds have great significance in promoting seed germination. Germination substrate, as an important medium, and temperature, as an important environmental condition, play crucial roles in plant seed germination.
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Sinkkonen, Aki. „Modeling the Effect of Density-Dependent Chemical Interference upon Seed Germination“. Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology, Medicine 3, Nr. 2 (01.04.2005): nonlin.003.02.0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2201/nonlin.003.02.004.
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A mathematical model is presented to estimate the effects of phytochemicals on seed germination. According to the model, phytochemicals tend to prevent germination at low seed densities. The model predicts that at high seed densities they may increase the probability of seed germination and the number of germinating seeds. Hence, the effects are reminiscent of the density-dependent effects of allelochemicals on plant growth, but the involved variables are germination probability and seedling number. The results imply that it should be possible to bypass inhibitory effects of allelopathy in certain agricultural practices and to increase the efficiency of nature conservation in several plant communities.
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Boyd, N. S., und A. Hughes. „Germination and Emergence Characteristics of Spreading Dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium)“. Weed Science 59, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2011): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-11-00022.1.
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Spreading dogbane is an important weed of wild blueberry fields that decreases yields and hinders harvest operations. A range of experiments was conducted to evaluate the impact of abiotic factors on dogbane seed germination. Freshly harvested seeds were largely nondormant with viability ranging between 67 and 84%. Prolonged exposure to light neither promoted nor inhibited germination. Germination rates and total seed germination varied with temperature and osmotic potential. Significantly fewer seeds germinated at 5 C compared with 10, 15, and 20 C. There was a significant quadratic relationship between dogbane germination and osmotic potential, with significant numbers of seeds germinating at levels as low as −0.5 MPa. Emergence rates declined exponentially with depth in the soil and as many as 9% of seeds germinated but were unable to reach the soil surface. Results indicate that substantial seed germination in blueberry fields is possible and primary dispersal without wind occurs over a very short distance.