Dissertationen zum Thema „Sedimentary bassin“
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Paquet, Fabien. „Evolution morphostructurale des bassins de marge active en subduction : l'exemple du bassin avant arc de Hawke Bay en Nouvelle-Zélande = Morphostructural evolution of active subduction margin basins : the example of the Hawke Bay forearc basin, New Zealand /“. Rennes : CNRS, Université de Rennes, 2008. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20080225.224857.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle"Thése de Doctorat de l'Université de Rennes 1 réalisée en co-tutelle avec l'Université de Canterbury (Christchurch, Nouvelle-Zélande)." "Soutenue le 9 novembre 2007." Includes bibliographical references. Also available via WWW.
Razafimbelo, Eugène. „Le bassin de morondava (madagascar) : synthese geologique et structurale“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHeilbronn, Gloria. „Évolution paléogéographique et paléotopographique du Tian Shan Chinois au Mésozoïque“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S112/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Tian Shan is an intracontinental range located in Central Asia. The structure of the range formed during the Paleozoic through the accretion of several blocks. Recently the range has been reactivated due to far-field effects of the collision between India and Asia. The topographic and tectonic evolution of the range in-between these two major relief-building phases (Late Paleozoic and Cenozoic) is still poorly understood. Two different approaches are combined in this work, in order to determine the Mesozoic topographic evolution of the area, in a qualitative way.The Late-Paleozoic range has been progressively eroded until the Upper Triassic/Lower Jurassic. Tectonic activity was relatively quiet during the Jurassic characterised by low exhumation rates. We suggest that the tectonic regime was dominated by transtension in the Tian Shan area. This period is linked to a regional peneplanation in Central Asia. At the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary, the occurrence of alluvial fan deposits shows a reactivation of the range, though not strong enough to be recorded by low-temperature thermochronology. This period is characterised by an overall extensional tectonic regime all over Central Asia, with the opening of the Caspian Basin further west. It precedes the phase of very slow exhumation that occurs during the Lower Cretaceous. From 100 Ma and during the Upper Cretaceous, the range is progressively reactivated. We suggest that this correspond to a delayed answer of the Lhassa bloc collision (140 - 120 Ma). Around 65 - 60 Ma, a new phase of rapid exhumation attests of a stronger reactivation, localised along the major faults. This is contemporary of bloc collisions along the south-west margin of Asia, such as the Kohistan Block, the Dras arc or the Afghan Block. In the Tian Shan area, the development of calcrete features in the Paleocene suggests the end of tectonic activity, before the new reactivation in the Neogene.The combination of low temperature thermochronology on the basement rocks and facies sedimentology in the various basins indicate that while during the Mesozoic, the Palaeo-Tian Shan topography generally flattens, some small-scale tectonic events driven by far-field effects of major geodynamic processes around the edges of Asia did occur. However, those tectonic movements did not induce enough exhumation to be recorded by low temperature thermochronometers. Only the sediment record allows their detection and detailed description
Xia, Wenjing. „Sedimentary and structural characteristics of the Triassic Nanpanjiang Basin (Southwest China). New insights on the regional tectonic evolution“. Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2040/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRanks as the largest sedimentary basin in the South China during the Triassic, The Nanpanjiang basin attracts a large attention of the geology community for a long time. After many years study, there still exist several debates on i) the provenance of the sedimentary detritus, ii) the time of the change of the tectonic regime from extension to compression, iii) the type of the basin and its geodynamic background. In this thesis, a multidisciplinary study including analysis of sedimentary facies, paleo-current, frame work detritus mode, heavy mineral combinations and their geochemistry feature, rock magnetism and Zircon-baddeleyite isotopic dating on diabase was conducted to rebuild the evolution of the basin.The results show a three-stage evolution, i) during the Late Permian to the Early Triassic, the 269Ma diabase intruding into the basin announces the opening of the basin, the sedimentary environment became deeper. ii) During the late stage of the Early Triassic (~245 Ma) to the Middle Triassic, owing to the influences of the Xuefengshan orogen and the Indochina orogen which are located to the east and south of the basin, the basin evolved into a foreland basin. The diabase ceased emplacement in this period. The detritus and paleo-current analysis indicate that during this stage, the provenances of the East part and the South part of the basin were Xuefengshan Orogen and Indochina Orogen respectively. iii) During the Late Tirassic, the depth of the sedimentary environment decrease drasticly, indicating that the basin began to shrink owing to the compression of the Xuefengshan Orogen and the Indochina Orogen
Haile-Meskale, Mezmure. „Une étude intégrée de la quantité et de la qualité de l'eau souterraine dans la partie basse du bassin de la Santa Lucia, Uruguay /“. Thèse, Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 1990. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCette thèse à été réalisée à l'Université du Québec à Montréal dans le cadre du programme de doctorat en ressources minérales extensionné de l'Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Monnier, Damien. „Dynamique de mise en place des réseaux d'intrusions sableuses dans les bassins sédimentaires : impact sur l'évolution post-dépôt des réservoirs et le réseau de migration associé“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSand intrusions (or injectites) are most often the product of post-depositional remobilization of sand leading to its injection into the surrounding rocks. While injectites were recognized for the first time nearly 200 years ago, their emplacement process has been studied for a couple of decades only, since the concepts of deep sea depositional environments have allowed us to better understand their emplacement processes. However, these processes are still relatively poorly understood. Our approach is based on the study of injectites in the Lower Congo Basin from seismic and well data, which we compare to a fossil system in the SE France basin. We have shown that:(1) In buried turbidite channel systems draping deposits on the channel flanks and terraces of channels have the same geophysical signature as ‘wing-like' injectites. Finally, the only criterion for identifying seismic injectites is the presence of bedding-discordant seismic reflections, and in the best case the associated uplift of the overlying seismic reflectors.(2) Seismic-scale conical and saucer-shaped sand injectites have been identified in the Lower Congo Basin. The remobilization is likely due to overpressuring induced by the buoyancy effect of hydrocarbons trapped in the margins of a lobe buried underneath 160 m of sediment, followed by the sudden injection of fluidized sand associated with fault reactivation of faults (with a possible role of nearby salt diapirs).(3) A network of injectites (dykes, sills/wings and laccoliths) was formed in the Vocontian basin during the late Albian and/or early Cenomanian, from a lower-middle Albian turbidite channel. The emplacement is probably due to the early compartmentalization of the channel during its burial and the increase of the sedimentation rate generating overpressure; and the subsequent large influx of deep fluids triggering injection. The injection of sand was polyphased: a first episode formed the sills and another emplaced the dykes. Sills/wings and dykes propagated about 2 km laterally away from the parent sand body and about 200 m up to the surface, revealing a much more extended lateral than vertical reach, contrary to the classically accepted idea from the interpretation of seismic data.(4) The emplacement of this large network of injectites was governed by hydrofracturing. Therefore, its morphology is dependent on the host rock heterogeneity (isotropy, fractures), the paleo-stress orientation (σ3 = NW-SE) and the burial depth of the source (300-600 m) at the time of injection. The study of this fossil network allows us to define the relationship between morphology of the injected network and stress state at the time of injection. This relationship can be extrapolated to constrain the morphology of subsurface networks beyond seismic visibility.(5) Sands injected into low permeability lithologies bear evidence to a major event of fluid escape in the studied basin, but also channeled fluids long after their formation. In this way, injectites both attest to specific episodes of fluid migration in sedimentary basins and contribute to long-lived re-routing of migrating fluids once emplaced.The injection of sand is associated with the sudden escape of fluids, probably resulting from a significant tectonic and/or sedimentary event; in addition, the architecture of injectite networks is governed by the local paleo-stress and heterogeneity in the host rock. Consequently, characterizing injectite networks is an important step in understanding the plumbing systems of continental margins, i.e. the post-depositional evolution of sedimentary basins
Pegaz-fiornet, Sylvie. „Etude de modèles pour la migration des hydrocarbures dans les simulateurs de bassin“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHydrocarbon migration modeling in sedimentary basins aims to localize and to quantify hydrocarbon accumulations in geological formations in order to estimate their petroleum potential. In this thesis, we study “Darcy” migration models and also simplified migration models such as “ray-tracing” and “invasion percolation”; the purpose is to conduct a critical analysis and to offer improvements while providing a guide for a relevant use on case studies.We start by a review of migration mechanisms from the pore scale to the basin scale, then we present each model.In a following part, we propose two invasion percolation algorithms: the first one is suited to structured grids, the second one allows to take better account of unstructured grids.In a third part, we take an interest in the comparison between the different models and particularly between “Darcy” and “invasion percolation” approaches. First we devote our attention to numerical aspects supported by several use cases; then we realize a formal comparison by studying the asymptotic limit of the “Darcy” model large time solution. Afterwards, we present several applications including the study of a 3D real case in complex geometry.Finally, we conclude this work with two articles. The first one shows an evolution of “Darcy” models by using the method of local grid refinement with an illustration on a case study from northern Kuwait. The second one synthesizes the main results on “Darcy” and “invasion percolation” methods
Oh, Chun Hyuck. „Géochimie minérale et organique et métallogénie du gisement uranifère de Goesan, bassin d'Ogcheon (Corée)“. Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE3030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDentzer, Jacques. „Forçages environnementaux et contrôles structuraux sur le régime thermique actuel du bassin de Paris : enjeux pour la compréhension du potentiel géothermique en Ile-de-France“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066187/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe acquisition of measurements of temperature and of thermal conductivity has enriched the understanding of the thermal regime of the Paris sedimentary basin and brought to light spatial and temporal thermal heterogeneities. In order to understand them better, these variations need to be integrated into a multidisciplinary vision of the basin by comparing data against models. The bibliographic review made it possible to integrate data of diverse sorts, to compare them using GIS and to investigate the knowledge base. This study has highlighted and reinterpreted the vertical variations of geothermal flux. Simulations carried out based on diffusive palaeoclimatic scenarios show that the system has retained a memory of the effects of palaeoclimates. Furthermore, for the first time, a systematic decline of the geothermal flux has been identified at the level of the main aquifer formations. Transitory thermo-hydraulic simulations of palaeoclimatic phenomena show the development in the sedimentary basin of cold and hot zones according to the areas of flow. An explanation of the temperature anomaly of over 20°C between the geothermal installations located to the north and south of Paris in the Bathonian is put forward. The models produced clearly show the potential contribution of fractured zones, as well as that of the faults, to the heterogeneity observed in the temperature field of the basin by allowing flow constrained by the regional charge gradient and unstable densities. This work has shown the link between the formations in the basin which are exploited for their resources or used as a storage medium
Laurent, Dimitri. „Marqueurs de la dynamique des fluides associée à l'enfouissement des bassins sédimentaires : Exemples du Bassin Permien de Lodève (France) et du North Viking Graben (Mer du Nord)“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS170/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focus on the characterization of the source and dynamic of compactional fluids during sedimentary burial, through two complementary examples of late orogenic oil-field half-grabens: The exhumed Lodève Permian Basin and a deep buried Jurassic basin in the North Viking Graben (North Sea).Constituting the main part of the thesis, a multi-disciplinary approach was conducted in the Lodève Basin where Ba-F-Cu-Pb polymetalic mineralized systems are trapped into synrift faults and paleokarsts in the carbonate basement at the hinge point of the roll-over. The source, timing and P/T conditions of fluid migration were deduced from the analysis of the microfabric, the fluid inclusions microthermometry, and the isotopic (Sr, S, O, H) and Rare Earth Element (REE) signature. Results are then crossed with a structural and thermal modeling that consolidates the sequence and dynamics of fluid during burial.A similar approach was conducted in the North Viking Graben where fluid markers are restricted to 3D seismic and well core data. Comparable Ba-Pb-Zn veins are reported in basin margin, plugging one of the most important siliciclastic hydrocarbon reservoir in the substratum. This analysis provides additional constraints on basinal fluid behavior and allows us to propose a global dynamic model for various compositions of fluids and reservoirs.We conclude to a polyphase fluid sequence history including:(a) In the carbonate basement of the Lodève Basin, karstic paleocanyon incisions and associated cavities coupled to synrift fault, act as major drain for fluids. These structures are early affected by hypogen-sulfuric karstification in response to the interaction between bacterial oxidation of sulfides entrapped within Lower Permian blackshales and the basement oxidizing aquifer.(b) Disequilibrium compaction initiates overpressure-driven basinal fluid migration towards basin margins, characterized by temperatures around 150-180°C and salinities between 9 et 18wt%eq.NaCl. Isotopic (Sr, S, O) and REE analyses reveal that Ba-M+-rich mineralizing fluids derived mainly from buried blackshales diagenesis. External Fluids coming from the lower crust are also identified that play a key role in fluorite precipitation by the leaching of late hercynian granites (mean temperature of 250°C and salinity > 20wt%eq.NaCl).(c) During the synrift period, fluid overpressure is responsible for the periodic reactivation of fault plane according to seismic-valve process, bedded-control shearing and hydraulic brecciation at the basement-seal interface. These mechanisms induce cyclic polymetallic mineralization by the mixing between in situ formation water and deep ascending basinal fluids.(d) Thermogenic fluids expulsion starts with last basinal fluids during late burial stage. Hydrocarbons thus migrate along the same regional pathways up to the rollover crest, where they are partly rerouted by the previous mineralized baffle.(e) In the Lodève basin, post-rift exhumation of the margins led to the remobilization of synrift deposits by subaerial biochemical processes at the sulfate-methane transition. The latter results from the interaction between the still active hydrocarbon dysmigration with a playa lake sulfate-rich aquifer. Secondary low-temperature barite fronts precipitate then within basement meteoric karsts.In addition to the « source to sink » model of basinal fluids, this work provides new insights on the early plugging of hydrocarbon reservoirs and for the metallogenesis of Mississippi Valley-Type deposits
Do, Couto Damien. „Evolution géodynamique de la Mer d’Alboran par l’étude des bassins sédimentaires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066019.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Alboran Sea is a back-arc basin located at the western end of the Mediterranean Sea, and has been affected by complex tectonic settings during its history. Based on a multidisciplinary "land-sea" approach, this work focuses on two major research topics: it aims (1) to better understand the opening and deformation processes of two key sedimentary basins during the Neogene, and (2) to study the effects and imprints of the Messinian Salinity Crisis onto the basins.Tectonic and stratigraphic analysis of the thickest sedimentary accumulation called Western Alboran Basin (WAB) led to build an original tectonic scenario in the Miocene. Inception of extension was triggered by major crustal shear zones favoring the exhumation of the metamorphic basement. Then, the subsidence became most probably controlled by the slab-pull effect of the underlying oceanic slab. In the Betic Cordilleras, a second generation of sedimentary basins, as the Sorbas Basin, developed along metamorphic core complexes exhumed during an extension regime. A set of paleogeographic maps proposes to explain the formation of the Alboran basins in relation with deep geodynamic processes.Field studies evidenced that peripheral basins bounding the Alboran Sea have been affected by a significant subaerial erosional phase in response to the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Stratigraphic analysis of seismic profiles demonstrated the onshore/offshore continuity of fluvial canyon morphologies recognized on land. A new scenario is then proposed to explain the reopening of the worldwide oceanic connection with the Mediterranean realm after more than 160.000 years of emersion
Meslé, Margaux. „GéoMicrobiologie de la méthanogenèse dans les schistes immatures du bassin de Paris“. Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0800.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe exploitation of natural unconventional resources in substitution for petroleum is one of the challenges of the 21st century. In situ microbial transformation of these resources in methane is one of the most promising pathway currently developed, although its application needs to be demonstrated. My objectives were to demonstrate the existence of a microbial conversion into methane of the organic matter (OM) of immature shales, and to quantify it in order to extrapolate the potential for methane production of the rocks at the sedimentary basin scale. A method of detection and monitoring of methanogenic consortia from paper shales in microcosms, combining quantitative PCR, GC-FID and Rock-Eval pyrolysis, was developed and validated. It was used to study the spatial distribution of methanogens in paper shales of the Paris Basin and to demonstrate the methanization of the OM of these rocks. The results show the conversion of the soluble fractions of the OM (bitumen) by methanogenic consortia isolated from shales, but also the transformation of a more complex fraction (kerogen). No strict correlation was established between lithology and presence of active methanogens, which makes the extrapolation of methane production to the basin scale more difficult. However, the localization of methanogens in both OM-rich and OM-poor zones constitute an advantage in the perspective of an economic exploitation of these resources. This work demonstrates a great potential for microbial methane production in the Paris Basin and paves the way to studies of economic feasibility and profitability on the scale of a production site
Dentzer, Jacques. „Forçages environnementaux et contrôles structuraux sur le régime thermique actuel du bassin de Paris : enjeux pour la compréhension du potentiel géothermique en Ile-de-France“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066187.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe acquisition of measurements of temperature and of thermal conductivity has enriched the understanding of the thermal regime of the Paris sedimentary basin and brought to light spatial and temporal thermal heterogeneities. In order to understand them better, these variations need to be integrated into a multidisciplinary vision of the basin by comparing data against models. The bibliographic review made it possible to integrate data of diverse sorts, to compare them using GIS and to investigate the knowledge base. This study has highlighted and reinterpreted the vertical variations of geothermal flux. Simulations carried out based on diffusive palaeoclimatic scenarios show that the system has retained a memory of the effects of palaeoclimates. Furthermore, for the first time, a systematic decline of the geothermal flux has been identified at the level of the main aquifer formations. Transitory thermo-hydraulic simulations of palaeoclimatic phenomena show the development in the sedimentary basin of cold and hot zones according to the areas of flow. An explanation of the temperature anomaly of over 20°C between the geothermal installations located to the north and south of Paris in the Bathonian is put forward. The models produced clearly show the potential contribution of fractured zones, as well as that of the faults, to the heterogeneity observed in the temperature field of the basin by allowing flow constrained by the regional charge gradient and unstable densities. This work has shown the link between the formations in the basin which are exploited for their resources or used as a storage medium
Accarie, Hugues. „Dynamique sedimentaire et structurale au passage plate-forme/bassin : les facies cretaces et tertiaires du massif de la maiella (abruzzes, italie)“. Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHassani, Moulay Idriss. „Hydrogéologie d'un bassin endoréique semi-aride : le bassin versant de la grande Sebkha d'Oran (Algérie)“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00760562.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYahiaoui, Brahim. „Maillage dynamique tridimensionnel pour la simulation de l'écoulement dans un bassin sédimentaire“. Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0034/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo target more profitable oil and gas deposits, the numerical simulation is of growing interest in the oil sector. In this context, two main types of applications are distinguished: reservoir engineering where geological models are defined as static and exploration for the simulation of hydrocarbons formation. The latter application requires dynamic basins models. For this type of simulation, mathematical and numerical modeling has been an important advance in recent years. However, the construction of meshes needed for the simulations is a difficult task in the case of complex and dynamic geometries. The difficulty is reflected by the characteristic of the domain to mesh, which is defined from the mechanics of granular media which are almost incompressible and heterogeneous environments. In addition, the seismic data represent non-implicit surfaces modeling volume blocks. In this context, we focus on Lagrangian hex-dominant mesh generation of basins with complex geometry. The desired mesh must contain a layer of almost hexahedral meshes between two horizons and conform to fault surfaces through these horizons. A novel methodology based on the construction of an unfolded space is introduced. The desired mesh is then seen as a constrained 3D grid in this novel space. Several mesh optimization techniques are also proposed
Calderón, Ysabel. „Architecture structurale, bilans sédimentaires et potentiel hydrocarburifère d'une zone de transition "wedgetop-foredeep" de rétro-bassin d'avant-pays : exemple des bassins Marañon et Huallaga du Nord-Pérou“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30038/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis, through its multidisciplinary approach and the interpretation of a large amount of industrial data, brings new elements in the understanding of foreland basin systems, especially in the Andino-Amazonian field of northern Peru. It proposes a new stratigraphic and structural model of this region, reconstructs and quantifies the history of the deformation and sedimentation that constitutes the key data to model the petroleum systems and to reduce the risks in exploration. The results show that the structural architecture of the Marañon Foreland Basin, the largest of the central Andes, evolves laterally from a wedgetop zone in the SE to a foredeep zone in the NW. In the SE, it forms a thrust wedge partly eroded, connected to the wedgetop basins of Huallaga and Moyabamba. This set constitutes a single foreland basin system, deformed by the interference of an east-verging thin-skinned tectonics and a largely west-verging tectonics. The total horizontal shortening varies between 70 and 76 km. The western vergence of this thick-skinned tectonics is controlled by the inheritance of the Gondwanide orogeny (Middle Permian). We show that it is at the origin of the important crustal and destructive earthquakes in the Moyabamba basin. The east-verging thin-skinned tectonics shows a strong shortening and is confined to the wedgetop basins of Huallaga and Moyabamba, where it is controlled by the geographical distribution of a large level of Late Permian evaporites sealing the structures of the Gondwanide orogenesis. Towards the NW, the deformation of the Marañon basin is progressively amortized, which is reflected in the transition to a foredeep type deposition zone. The deformation, although not very important, is still active and responsible for shallow earthquakes. From a sedimentary point of view, this thesis has made it possible to differentiate four foreland mega-sequences in the Marañon basin, defined from well stratigraphic correlations and regional discontinuities identified in seismic. A structural section through the Marañon-Huallaga system has been restored in three stages since the Middle Eocene to reconstruct and quantify the propagation of the foreland basin system. The four foreland mega-sequences and the sequential restoration show that the Marañon-Huallaga system developed since the Albian during two stages separated by an important period of erosion during the Middle Eocene. They recorded successively the uplifts of the western and eastern Cordilleras of the Andes of northern Peru, and that of the Arch of Fitzcarrald. From a quantitative point of view, the calculated sedimentation rates show a gradual increase since the Albian, interrupted by the erosion of the Middle Eocene. The 2D petroleum modeling, carried out from a revision of the petroleum systems and the sequential restoration of the Huallaga-Marañon system, valorizes a large part of the results obtained in this thesis by simulating the expulsion of the hydrocarbons at the different stages of the deformation of the Huallaga-Marañon system, and showing its potential trapping areas
Mourlot, Yannick. „Contrôles sur la répartition des argiles organiques dans les bassins profonds : cas de l'Atlantique central au Crétacé“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30058/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe distribution heterogeneities of Cretaceous organic matter (OM) in the Central Atlantic Ocean are often related to geodynamic and paleoceanographic factors. However, the high proportion of terrestrial OM questions the hegemony of these mechanisms and shows the need to better constrain the sedimentary dynamics of organic-rich sediments. Using a source-to-sink approach coupling a geochemical provenance study with a basin study from subsurface data, we show a reorganization of drainage on the West African Craton and the Guyana Shield, characterized by a gradual extension of watersheds to the inner areas during the Upper Cretaceous. In the African deep basin, this process is coeval to a break of the turbiditic sedimentation from the Turonian and to its decrease in the Guyana-Suriname deep basin. In both cases, these changes were unfavorable to the enrichment of OM in the deep oceanic domain of the Central Atlantic
Blanc, Eric. „Transect plate-forme-bassin dans les séries carbonatées du Berriasien supérieur et du Valanginien inférieur (domaines jurassien et nord-vocontien) : chronostratigraphie-transferts des sédiments“. Grenoble 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10110.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKende, Julia. „Tectonique et hydrologie en mer de Marmara : histoire de l'ouverture de la mer de Marmara et reconstitution de la réponse hydrologique aux variations climatiques depuis le dernier interglaciaire“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Marmara Sea is the keystone of a complex hydrological system between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. There, the balance between inputs and outputs has been disturbed during glacial periods when the global ocean level dropped below the sill depths, isolating the Marmara Sea. The alternation of marine and lacustrine sediments reflects these variations. The Sea of Marmara is also an active tectonic structure cut by the North-Anatolian fault northern branch. The ruptures of this continental dextral transform fault, one of the longest in the world, are regularly causing massive earthquakes. Many scientific studies are aiming at characterizing the fault structure and its functioning in the hope of being able to foresee the next earthquake close to Istanbul. This thesis presents two studies tackling this subject.The first one presents an interpretation of the crust geometry based on the analysis of a 3D crustal model built from the inversion of gravity data corrected from the influence of sedimentary basins. From the model, we quantify the role of extension in the basin opening and show the existence of ductile flows, in the lower crust, that spread the thinning away from the basins. The second study purpose was to confirm or reverse the sedimentary age models available in the Marmara Sea through the direct study of the sediments constituting the first main reflector interpreted in the models. We used a broad range of methods to build a new age model for one core such as geophysics, paleo-magnetism, tephrochronology and a paleo-environmental characterization. The results give a date for the first main reflector that is younger than the one assessed by previous studies
Rat, Juliette. „Evolution du contenu sédimentaire détritique au cours d'un cycle orogénique“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSurface processes changes resulting from tectonics and climate interactions are potentially preserved by the sedimentary record. Here we focus on the North Iberian plate, which records each phases of the alpin cycle. In order to study the detrital content evolution from rifting to mountain formation we use a combination of low temperature thermochronometers. First, results allow us to constrain the tectono-thermal and detrital histories of the Cameros inverted mesozoic rift basin over 100 Ma. Then, new thermochronological, petrological and geochronological data lead us to extend this observation at the Ebro basin regional scale and to explore the detrital thermochronology potential bias on the source signal. Finally, these results are integrated into a reconstruction proposal of the Iberian paleogeography, from the Oxfordian to the late Miocene
Morosanu, Gabriela Adina. „La dynamique hydro-sédimentaire du bassin de la rivière Jiu. Approche systèmique et multi-échelles“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe doctoral thesis titled “The Hydro-sedimentary dynamics of the Jiu River Watershed. A systemic and multi-scale approach” aimed to investigate the dynamics of liquid and solid flows at various temporal and spatial scales, in the Jiu River Basin. The study area is located in southwestern Romania, Jiu River (339 km long) being one of the most important Carpathian tributaries of the Danube river.In the current context, marked by the need to elaborate integrated watershed management plans, the present study offers valuable and original information on the hydro-sedimentary dynamics in the Jiu River watershed, that stems from a cross-disciplinary research carried out at different temporal and spatial scales.The watershed under study is characterized by complex geographical particularities, determined by a great diversity of natural and socio-economic factors. From an economic standpoint, the element that individualizes Jiu’s watershed is the presence and exploitation of coal in its upper sector (black coal) and middle sector (lignite), activities that have left their mark on the hydrological characteristics of the rivers in the basin. The presence of coal resources has been relied upon in this paper in order to investigate the hydro-sedimentary dynamics on the basis of an analysis, carried out through different laboratory methods, of the coal associated elements’ content in the alluvium samples collected in the riverbeds of Jiu and its main tributaries.The present research seeks to answer the following two major questions:(i) Which are the natural and human factors that contribute to the production and transfer of the solid and liquid fluxes within the Jiu River basin?(ii) What is the importance of spatial and temporal scales in the analysis of the hydro-sedimentary dynamics with regards to sediment sources, extreme hydrological events, transfer paths and the most favorable accumulation areas?The scientific methodology that we adopted followed a perspective that shifted from the general to the specific.In the first part of the thesis, the analysis was carried out at the scale of the whole basin, in order to highlight the physico-geographical factors, as well as the man-made ones, controlling the liquid and solid fluxes. The issues that we approached refer to the connectivity between sources – transfer – accumulation areas, hydrological variability and the relationship between the solid and the liquid discharge, the geomorphological mapping of alluvium-generating processes.In the second part of the thesis, we shifted from the systemic perspective of the whole Jiu River Basin towards a smaller scale, both spatially and temporally, able to reflect the role of the largest floods recorded in Jiu River Basin in the hydro-sedimentary dynamics and the contribution of its main sub-catchments in the sediment transfer. From a methodological point of view, in this part of the thesis we moved from the classical, geographical and hydrological methods, employed in the first part (based on mapping and GIS analysis, as well as by statistical processing of data series) towards a complex methodology, integrating hydrological analysis (on the basis of flood indices), field research and the complex analysis of fine sediments in the laboratory (through techniques belonging to colorimetric tracing, geochemistry, organic petrology).The results of our research connected the elements and factors behind the hydro-sedimentary dynamics at various spatial and temporal scales into a systemic vision. The laboratory analyses of the sediment and coal samples, the study of flood events and the hydrological and geomorphological analyses of Jiu watershed’s particularities have contributed to a better understanding of the hydro-sedimentary dynamics, offering original insight into potential sediment sources, the composition and quantity of sediments and the transfer paths they follow in the system of Jiu River’s watershed
Malam, Abdou Moussa. „Etats de surface et fonctionnement hydrodynamique multi-échelles des bassins sahéliens ; études expérimentales en zones cristalline et sédimentaire“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims at characterizing and comparing the hydrodynamical functioning at several spatial scales within the granitic-basement and sedimentary zones of Western Niger. Then, a simple hydrological model that could be suitable for use at larger scales is proposed and tested.Qualitatively, the two geological domains have common and specific surface features.The experimental work carried out onto common surface features (biological crust, BIOL; erosion crust, ERO; fallow structural surface, ST and cultivated, C) shows that, at the point scale, ERO has the same hydraulic conductivity K value in both contexts. On the other hand, surfaces features C and especially ST have lower K values in granitic context.Monitoring of the ST and C sites along the rainy season proved the stationarity of the ST conductivity value. On the contrary, K varies widely with the amount of rain received from an initial value of 170 mm/h after weeding down to 20 mm/h (i.e. the ST measured value) after 70 mm of rain and even 10 mm/h after 180 mm of rain. This variation shows the short-term benefit of weeding onto infiltration but a degradation of the soil surface on the long term.At the plot scale (10 m2), runoff measurements are consistent with point measurements. ERO has the same runoff coefficient (Kr) in granitic and sedimentary zones while ST and C surfaces have a higher Kr in granitic context.Runoff monitoring of the granitic site cultivated plots showed that from a total of 63 rain events between 2011 and 2013, 22 had a Kr value higher than the average value (0.25) from which 2/3 are observed after the surface had received more than 70 mm rain after weeding.Results obtained at the two scales (point and 10-m2 plot) are thus consistent and show that the cultivated surface gets crusted and may produce runoff more than fallow ST sites and as much as ERO features.At the basin scale (5 ha), Kr values are higher in the granitic site, not only because of the higher Kr value for a given surface feature but also because of the specific low-infiltrating surfaces which are granite outcrops and gravel crusts (Kr = 0.58).At the three previous scales (point, plot and small basin), runoff volume was found independent of soil initial moisture.Using the previous point-scale results in a Green-Ampt infiltration model led to calibrate the wetting front pressure head for each surface feature and to satisfactorily describe runoff volumes obtained at the plot scale.By estimating runoff with the Green-Ampt infiltration model at any given point, basin-scale hydrograms were obtained by adding the contribution of all elementary surfaces. Assuming no re-infiltration of runoff water within the basins, a simple transfer function was chosen accounting for the distance of each surface to the hydrological network, a constant water velocity of 0.05 m.s-1 and a volume of 3-4 mm of water necessary to fill the kori sand cover, which is much less than that in the sedimentary context. Finally, simulated hydrograms reproduce nicely the measured ones, which offers the perspective of applying some principles of the model to larger basins
Vieira, Lucas Valadares. „Arquitetura de fáceis e estratigrafia de sequências em alta resolução do sistema eólico fluvial e marinho raso da Formação Piauí, carbonífero da Bacia do Parnaíba, Brasil“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/182022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Piauí Formation records the deposition of aeolian, fluvial and shallow marine systems accumulated in a cratonic sag basin. Characterization of the facies associations and sequence stratigraphic framework was done by detailed description of sedimentary facies and logging of outcrops. The facies were classified based on grain texture (size and selection) and sedimentary structures observed. Paleocurrent orientations were measured from cross-strata. Stratigraphic sections were measured at a 1:50 scale at outcrops with good vertical exposure. Six facies associations were recognized: aeolian dunes and interdunes, aeolian sandsheets, fluvial channels, tidally-influenced fluvial channels, upper shoreface and lower shoreface. Through correlation of stratigraphic surfaces the facies associations were organized in system tracts, which formed eight high frequency depositional sequences, bounded by subaerial unconformities. These sequences are composed of a lowstand system tract (LST), that is aeolian-dominated or fluvial-dominated, a transgressive system tract (TST) that is formed by tidally-influenced fluvial channels and/or upper and lower shoreface deposits with retrogradational stacking, and a highstand system tract (HST), which is formed by lower and upper shoreface deposits with progradational stacking. Two low frequency cycles were determined by observing the stacking of the high frequency cycles. Both sequences are formed by an initial regression followed by a progressive transgression. The main control on sedimentation in Piauí Formation was glacioeustasy, which was responsible for the changes in relative sea level. Even though, climate changes were associated with glacioeustatic phases and influenced the aeolian and fluvial deposition.
Abrahami, Rachel. „Erosion et flux sédimentaires associés dans un bassin versant soumis à un régime de mousson : l'exemple de la Tista (Inde), du Sikkim au mégafan“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU031/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding the relative strengths of tectonic and climatic forcing, as well as the interactions between these controls, at different spatial and temporal scales is important to understand the evolution of orogenic topography. The Himalayas, subjected to both tectonic and climatic phenomena very active, is one of the most popular sites for the study of these interactions. The focus of this project is to understand (1) the evolution of orogenic topography of Sikkim (India), (2)the processus of formation and development of th quaternary Tista megafan. Our results show that long-term exhumation rates obtained by thermochronology (apatite fission tracks) do not correlate with any geomorphic or climatic parameters. We suggest a tectonic control where high rates in southwest Sikkim (1.2±0.6 mm/yr) may be linked to the building of the lesser Himalaya Rangit Duplex. The highest erosion rates recorded at millennial timescales (10Be ∼5 mm/yr) occur in catchments spanning the Main Central Thrust Zone but appear to be strongly influenced by recent landsliding. High erosion rates (1-2 mm/yr) also occur in north Sikkim and may be linked to a strong glacial inheritance on the landscape, as attested by high channel-steepness values close to the maximum extent of glaciers during the Last Glacial Maximum. In contrast, variations in precipitation rate do not seem to strongly influence either short-term erosion or long-term exhumation rates in Sikkim. The Tista megafan spreads over more than 16 000 km2 form the mountain front, where it is strongly incised, to the confluence of the Tista River with the Brahmaputra River, and stores sediments produced in the Sikkim Himalaya. We propose a scenario for the formation and abandonment of the Tista megafan based on new Infra-Red Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) and 10Be cosmogenic age constraints. We suggest that two distal lobes developed successively downstream from a common proximal lobe. Deposition took place since ~50 ka assuming a constant sedimentation rate of 0.88±0.10 mm.yr-1 and incision began at 〖4.0〗_(-0.4)^(+0.6) ka at an average rate of 〖10.5〗_(-1.8)^(+0.6) mm yr-1. The western distal lobe of the megafan was deposited early in the history of the megafan, possibly when the Sikkim Himalaya catchments were drained by rivers that where tributaries of the Ganga River, and was abandoned in the early Holocene (10-11 ka). The eastern poorly incised and recent (<1ka) may have been built when the main Tista drainage system had shifted eastward through possible nodal avulsions. Tectonic processes seem to play a minor role in guiding the Tista River course and driving incision of the megafan deposits. Abandonment and incision of megafan surfaces and hinterland terraces appears associated to both the onset and the ending of phases of strong monsoon precipitation, during which the balance between water and sediment discharge changes rapidly. Petrographic ans isotopic (Nd and Sr) used to constrain sources of the megafan deposits display a significant difference with sediments actually transported by the Tista River, which could be explained by the influenced of tethyan sedimentary rocks exposed North to Sikkim, and actually drained by the Kosi River. This suggests that this area has been recently (4000 years) captured by the Kosi River, inducing a recent and important incision of the megafan in its proximal part due to the balancing of the river profile. This preliminary hypothesis could also explain the higher size of the megafan comparing to the one of its catchment. Otherwise, our results show that the variations of erosion and chemical alteration respond to global and regional climatic variations. Periods of strong summer monsoon and heavy rainfall are traduced in Sikkim by the more penetration of precipitation into the relief and a strong chemical weathering. Since the Last Glacial maximum, the Sikkim Himalaya is characterised by an augmentation of erosion and chemical weathering
Albertao, Gilberto. „Control of the submarine palaeotopography on the turbidite system architecture : an approach combining structural restorations and sedimentary process-based numerical modeling, applied to a Brazilian offshore case study“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14064/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe dynamic of gravity-driven turbidity currents is strongly influenced by the morphology of the seafloor. The resulting turbidites constitute important hydrocarbon reservoirs in sedimentary basins throughout the world. The main objective of the present work is thus to understand the way the paleorelief controls turbidite reservoir architectures, with application in a specific study area with Cretaceous reservoirs in Campos Basin (Brazilian offshore). The tectonics in this Basin was partly controlled by halokinesis. The first approach was describing the local Cretaceous sedimentary sequence architecture, from seismic and well data, and performing structural restorations. Six regional horizons and four reservoir-scale units were identified and mapped in order to build a multi-2D geological model. Structural restorations highlighted the structural evolution and allowed the related horizon palaeotopography to be obtained. The results of this work step suggest that the halokinesis-related listric faults regulated the distribution of the basal reservoirs. Moreover, at the top of the Albian carbonates, a canyon was identified, which, in association with the tectonic structures, forms the palaeotopographic constraints for the upper reservoir geometry. The second approach was analyzing the role of flow controlling parameters by performing stratigraphic (Dionisos) and cellular automata-based (CATS) numerical simulations. The latter provided a more appropriate reservoir scale-simulation process than Dionisos. A restored surface, considered as reference for the deposition of the reservoir units, was used as the palaeotopography for CATS simulations, having as constraints the reservoir data. This pioneer use of cellular automata simulations in a real subsurface case study produced coherent results when compared with the actual reservoir distribution. This work sheds light on the importance of tectonic-sedimentation interactions and of palaeotopography for the distribution of turbidite reservoirs
Capanni, Romain. „Étude et gestion intégrée des transferts sédimentaires dans le système Gapeau/rade d'Hyères“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10187/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Var beaches have been gradually reduced during the second half of the twentieth century and they survive mostly thanks to costly artificial recharge. In this context, the response of the environment and the risk intensity depend primarily on the sedimentary support provided by the coastal rivers. This study looks to quantify the role of sediments transported by the Gapeau with particular reference to its mouth and neighbouring beaches during flood and storm events. We study the solid load measured in the river, theoretical transport equations in the literature and the evolution of the channel and Hyeres’s coastal bathymetry during the last century and during events. These analyses reveal important retraction and erosion that has impacted upon the area since 1896 and the current low sediment supply. The estimated average annual sediment losses along the coast are higher than the average annual river sediment supply
Lafosse, Manfred. „Distribution et enregistrement de la déformation en contexte de convergence oblique : évolution géodynamique de la marge marocaine du bassin d’Alboran au Plio-Quaternaire“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066651.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe oblique convergence of the tectonic plates with respect to the continental margins leads to the distribution of the deformation between raised zones and subsidence zones. In this context, vertical movements can be controlled by the structural inheritance and can influence the architecture of the sedimentary deposits of the continental shelf and the deep basin. Seismic reflection profiles and high resolution bathymetry allow to image the continental shelf and the deep basin. In the western Mediterranean, the African-Eurasian convergence and the back-arc context have controlled the deformation of the Alboran domain since the Miocene. The oblique convergence led to the formation of large transpressive structures crossing the Alboran basin and Miocene strike-slips faults reusing locally the boundaries of the thrust sheet set up during the Oligo-Miocene collision. Three aspects are developed in this thesis: 1) the characterization of the Pleistocene tectonic structures associated with the Nekor basin, a peripheral basin of the Alboran domain situated on its southern margin, with an emphasis on the importance of the alpine inheritance in the evolution of this basin, 2) the decoding of the architecture of the Nekor basin sedimentary platform, to propose an age model of deposited sequences for the last 500 000 years, demonstrating the influence of the tectonic segmentation of the margin on the geometry of the sedimentary platform, 3) the history of the evolution of folds and faults affecting the deep basin from the Pliocene and the chronology of the tectonic structures from the Messinian Salinity Crisis to present-day
Laggoun-Defarge, Fatima. „Etude de la diagenese organique des series paleozoiques du bassin de sbaa (algerie) : approche geochimique et petrologique“. Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMICHEL-NOEL, GERARD. „Mecanismes et evolution de l'extension intracontinentale des "basin and range", et developpement tectonique des bassins sedimentaires“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066419.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlanc, Eric. „Transect plate-forme-bassin dans les séries carbonatées du Berriasien supérieur et du Valanginien inférieur (domaines jurassien et nord-vocontien) : chronostratigraphie-transferts des sédiments“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723723.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTahi, Ignace. „Palynologie et caractérisation de la matière organique des dépôts Albo/Aptien-Crétacé Supérieur du bassin sédimentaire de Côte d’Ivoire“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS464.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe deposits of Albian- Upper Cretaceous age in the Ivory Coast offer significant hydrocarbon potential. Previous palynological work carried out on this sedimentary basin does not provide consistent and complete biostratigraphic scales. 167 cores samples from 20 wells and a 98 ditch cuttings samples were the subject of this palynological study. The material yielded an abundance of dinocysts (46 species) and sporomorphs (148 species). A qualitative and quantitative inventory was carried out. For biostratigraphy, thirteen biozones were characterized: the palynozone PCI-I with Cerodinium granulostriatum from the Upper Maastrichtian; palynozone PCI-II with Andalusiella ivoirensis of the lower Maastrichtian; upper to middle Campanian palynozone PCI-III with Xenascus ceratioides; Early Campanian palynozone PCI-IV with Trichodinium castanea; Santonian palynozone PCI-V with Oligosphaeridium complex; palynozone PCI-VI with Droseridites senonicus of the Coniacian; the palynozone PCI-VII of Tricolpites microstriatus from the Turonian; Upper Cenomanian palynozone PCI-VIII with Classopollis classoides; palynozone PCI-IX with Triorites africaensis of the Middle Cenomanian; the PCI-X palynozone with Elaterocolpites castelainii of the Lower Cenomanian-Upper Albian; palynozone PCI-XI from Upper Albian with Lusatisporis dettmannae- Callialasporites dampieri; the palynozone PCI-XII of Appendicisporites spp.-Elaterosporites spp. for Upper-middle Albian and palynozone PCI-XIII of Lower-middle Albian with Callialasporites trilobatus-Afropollis spp. Climate change since the Albian sees the microflora of continental origin dominated until the establishment of marine conditions open to the Turonian. The development of algae phytoplankton of marine origin begins and evolves until the Maastrichtian. Four major paleoenvironments: an environment of fluvio-lacustrine facies with a marine littoral is associated with deposits of the Lower-middle Albian; an internal neritic environment characterizes deposits from the Upper-middle-Albian to Lower Cenomanian-Upper Albian; an internal to external neritic environment will reign from the Turonian to the Santonian and an external neritic environment to upper bathyal characterizing the Campanian-Maastrichtian will mark this climatic fluctuation. In general, the values of the Hydrogen Index (HI) are less than 300 mg HC g / TOC in the samples studied, and the type of kerogen indicates a predominance of organic matter Type III likely to contain source rocks in the Lower Senonian, Cenomanian and Albian. Cenomanian and Albian source rocks are mature for the generation of hydrocarbons
Podkhlebnik, Yvette. „Subsidence et régime thermique des bassins intracratoniques et des marges continentales passives = Subsidence and thermal regime of intracratonic basins and continental passive margins /“. Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGirault, Jean-Baptiste. „Exhumation du prisme collisionnel Ouest Alpin et évolution du bassin molassique : nouvelles données thermochronologiques et tectono-sédimentaires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS086.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew thermochronological data (AFT, ZHe, and ZFT) on the Belledonne and Grandes Rousses ECMs basement show a similar and relatively rapid exhumation dynamic around 18 Ma for all the External Cristalline Massifs. However, the exhumation of southern massifs (e.g., Oisans) could start earlier, from 25 Ma suggesting a diachronous exhumation along the Alpine Arc. This also suggests a progressive localization of deformations along the crustal ramps between ~25 and 18 Ma. Finally, the rapid exhumation starting at around 18 Ma seems to correspond to the limit of mega-sequences in the molassic basin. Field analysis, borehole data and seismic lines show that the basin was deformed as early as the Oligocene (25 Ma). This also allows the calculation of the sediment volumes preserved within the West Alpine Molassic Basin. Finally, a preliminary study of the source to sink in the West Alpine basins is approached from petro-detritic analyses, detrital thermochronology and calculation from the seismic lines. These results highlighted the progressive denudation of the Variscan crust of the upper plate whose detrital signal has been present since the Eo-Oligocene in the peri-alpine basins. The late Miocene appearance in the West Alpine Molassic basin of a tertiary thermochronological signal suggests a change in surface dynamics and/or a different sedimentary routing over time, but also significant differences compared to the basins located north of the Alps
Cruaud, Perrine. „Influence des communautés microbiennes sédimentaires sur la répartition faunistique dans les sites hydrothermaux et les zones d'émissions de fluides froids du bassin de Guaymas“. Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0059/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhereas the deep-sea environment is often considered to be a desert, hydrothermal vents andcold seeps provide “oases” of biological activity on the ocean floor. Vent and seep ecosystems support complex food webs based on microbial chemoautotrophic primary production. These hydrothermal vent and cold seeps ecosystems both release hydrocarbon- and sulfide-rich fluids,fueling various surface assemblages such as mat-forming giant bacteria or symbiont-bearinginvertebrates (e.g. bivalves, tubeworms). In the Guaymas Basin, the nearby presence at a few tens of kilometers of cold seeps and hydrothermal vents coupled with comparable sedimentary settings and depths offer a unique opportunity to assess and compare the microbial community composition of these ecosystems. Tobetter understand their overall functioning, we studied sedimentary microbial communities associated with cold seep and hydrothermal vent areas in the Guaymas Basin. The diversity of microbial communities inhabiting sediments was studied using high throughput sequencing (454pyrosequencing), combined with complementary approaches, such as FISH and quantitative PCR. This study reveals that sediments found in the Guaymas Basin were colonized by microbial communities typically found in these types of ecosystems. Our results revealed a high similarity between microbial communities composition associated with the cold seep and hydrothermal vent areas as a probable consequence of the sedimentary context. Nonetheless, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic lineages (e.g.: Thermodesulfobacteria, Desulfurococcales, etc) were exclusively identified in hydrothermally influenced sediments highlighting the strong influence of temperature gradients and other hydrothermally-related factors on microbial community composition. Furthermore, sediments populated by different surface assemblages show distinct porewater geochemistry features and are associated with distinct microbial communities. Indeed, in the sediments underlying microbial mats characterized by high methane porewater concentrations,microbial communities were dominated by anaerobic methane oxidizers (ANME), known to produce sulfide which provides high fluxes of sulfide to the seafloor. In contrast, sediment associated microbial communities underlying faunal assemblages were characterized by a lower biomass and lower methane porewater concentrations in sediments, limiting porewater sulfide concentrations. Without elevated and toxic sulfide concentrations, faunal assemblages can colonize the surface. Together, geochemical and microbial surveys indicate that porewater methane concentrations play an important role in the microbial community structure and subsequently in the establishment of the surface colonizers. Furthermore, presence and activity of the surface colonizers influence the underlying microbial communities probably because of modification of energy source availabilities. Finally, the existence of similar microbial populations between the two ecosystems also raises the question of their dispersal mechanisms. Our results support the hypothesis of a potential continuity among deep-sea ecosystems. In absence of physical borders, environmental conditions (temperature, specific compounds associated withhydrothermal fluids) might select specific and highly adapted microorganisms from the pool of microorganisms dispersed globally across the seafloor
Newman, Robert. „Mechanics of sedimentary basin extension“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305480.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOlivier, Marie. „Environnements mixtes fluviatiles et éoliens : facteurs de contrôle et de préservation des dépôts éoliens en domaines endoréique et côtier : exemples du Permien du Sud de la Mer du Nord et du Sud-Est de l’Utah (USA)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S173.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePermian is the last period of the Paleozoic era and is marked by the final buildup of Pangea, implying a continentalization of large areas, to an extent that had no equivalent in geological times. This increase in continentality, together with the Early Permian deglaciation, lead to an aridification that is traduced by the sedimentation of aeolian deposits. Due to the particularly good preservation of these deposits, Permian series offer the unique opportunity to study continental (aeolian and fluvial) sedimentation in both endoreic and exoreic contexts. This work aims to better constrain the allocyclic and autocyclic processes controlling the preservation of aeolian deposits within mixed aeolian - fluvial sedimentary series, in two Permian basins: (1) the Paradox Basin in south-east Utah, USA; and (2) the Upper Rotliegend II series in the offshore domain of Netherlands, which is part of the Permian basins of the North Sea. These two basins recorded the sedimentation of mixed aeolian and fluvial series, respectively in an exoreic context for the Paradox Basin, and in an endoreic context for the Upper Rotliegend II series. Field-based sedimentological analyses of several sections of the Early Permian series from the Paradox Basin (SE Utah, USA) allowed (1) to demonstrate the occurrence, through the entire sedimentary succession, of marine deposits previously underestimated and attributed to aeolian dunes in the recent literature; (2) to perform high-resolution correlation used to propose a stratigraphic scheme showing the evolution of the paleoenvironments through time and space; and (3) to demonstrate the control of eustatic and climatic processes (development of paleosols, variations of fluvial sedimentary flux) on coastal aeolian dunes preservation. Subsurface data analyses (sedimentary core analyses and well-logging) of the Upper Rotliegend II series (North Sea), allowed (1) from detailed core descriptions, to demonstrate that aeolian dune deposits had been overestimated in the study area; (2) to perform high resolution well-log correlations and propose a stratigraphic scheme; (3) to define genetic unit sets, major and minor stratigraphic cycles controlled by variations of climate and sediment supplies within the basin and the source areas; and (4) to demonstrate the influence of fluvial flux on reworking and preservation of aeolian deposits, which was, until now, underestimated
Bouyahiaoui, Boualem. „Structure profonde et réactivation de la marge est-algérienne et du bassin adjacent (secteur d'Annaba), contraintes par sismique réflexion multitrace et grand-angle terre-mer“. Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4116/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this study, we determine the deep structure of the eastern Algerian basin and its southern margin in the Annaba region (easternmost Algeria), to better constrain the plate kinematic reconstruction in this region. This study is based on new geophysical data collected during the SPIRAL cruise in 2009 that included a wide-angle, 240-km-long, onshore-offshore seismic profile, multichannel seismic reflection lines, and gravity and magnetic data, which was complemented by the available geophysical data for the study area. The analysis and modeling of the wide-angle seismic data using travel-times and amplitudes, and integrated with the multichannel seismic lines, reveal the detailed structure of an ocean-to-continent transition. In the deep basin, there is an ~5.5-km-thick oceanic crust that is composed of two layers. The upper layer of the crust is defined by a high velocity gradient and P-wave velocities between 4.8 km/s and 6.0 km/s from the top to the bottom. The lower crust is defined by a lower velocity gradient and P-wave velocity between 6.0 km/s and 7.1 km/s. The Poisson ratio in the lower crust deduced from S-wave modeling is 0.28, which indicates that the lower crust is composed mainly of gabbros. Below the continental edge, a typical continental crust with P-wave velocities between 5.2 km/s and 7.0 km/s from the top to the bottom shows a gradual seaward thinning of ~15 km over an ~35-km distance
Païenda, Osman. „Les dépôts carbonatés oxfordiens de la bordure occidentale du Bassin parisien : lithostratigraphie, microfaciès, paléogéographie“. Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePelletier, Jonathan. „Faciès, architecture et dynamique d’un système margino-littoral tidal : exemple de la Formation du Dur At Talah (Eocène supérieur, Bassin de Syrte, Libye)“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAH016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis manuscript provides the first exhaustive sedimentological study of the Dur At Talah escarpment (≈120 m high and ≈150 km length). This latter is exposed in the Abu Tumayam Trough, in the southern Sirt Basin (Libya). The Dur At Talah Formation forms a 2nd order regressive sequence, from shallow marine to fluviatile deposits, dated as upper Eocene. This exceptional outcrop allows an extensive and detailed sedimentological analysis (lithofaciès, ichnofaciès, geometries and sequence stratigraphy) leading to a multi-scale characterization of nearshore to paralic environments dominated by tidal dynamic. Among outstanding results, two sedimentary processes have been recognized and characterized: the progradation is expressed by large-scale clinoform structures and the lateral accretion is characterized by inclined heterolithic stratifications (IHS). Several sedimentary bodies are, thus, unequivocally distinguishable such as heterolithic mouth-bars and tidal channel point-bars. Thorough analysis of these sedimentary bodies allows to define diagnostic criteria to recognize them. They can be replaced in a consistent stratigraphic framework explaining their architecture and their vertical evolution in order to be used as reservoir analog
Watkinson, Matthew Philip. „Triassic to Middle Jurassic sequences from the Lusitanian Basin Portugal, and their equivalents in other North Atlantic margin basins“. Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKerdjidj, Kamel. „Application de la petrographie et de la geochimie organique a l'histoire thermique de la partie sud-est du bassin triasique du sahara nord-oriental (algerie)“. Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWilson, N. P. „Thermal studies in sedimentary basins“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383208.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTurner, Jonathan David. „The subsidence of sedimentary basins“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13150.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLee, Jimin. „Earthquake site effect modeling in sedimentary basins using a 3-D indirect boundary element-fast multipole method“. Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenCerqueda, Marcelle Lemos Amorim de. „Caracterização do conteúdo orgânico e posicionamento palinoestratigráfico de sedimentos eocretáceos na área de Aramari Bacia do Recôncavo“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8942.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleO presente estudo baseou-se na análise do conteúdo orgânico do furo de sondagem rasa do poço 9-FBA-69-BA localizado na Bacia do Recôncavo. Foram utilizadas 126 amostras para análise de COT e 35 pares de lâminas para as análises palinológicas e palinofaciológicas. As análises palinofaciológicas mostraram que os componentes orgânicos particulados são dominados por material orgânico amorfo em praticamente toda a seção. Representantes alóctones estão pontualmente presentes e representados por fitoclastos, grãos de pólen e esporos. Os resultados de COT mostram valores percentuais acima de 1% em praticamente todo o intervalo estudado. Através da observação à luz de microscopia branca transmitida e luz incidente, foi possível individualizar três palinofácies distintas para a seção, levando-se em conta os tipos e o grau de preservação da matéria orgânica. A análise do ICE (Índice de Coloração dos Esporos) apresenta valores de maturação entre 4,5 a 5, caracterizando um grau de maturação térmica próximo da janela de geração de hidrocarbonetos. A associação palinoflorística mostra uma baixa diversidade de representantes, onde dentre os 292 palinomorfos com 28 gêneros e 11 espécies de grãos de pólen e esporos, 167 são representados somente pela espécie Classopollis classoides. Baseado na associação palinoflorística presente e na análise litológica do poço podemos inferir que a sedimentação ocorreu em um paleoambiente fluvial deltaico- lacustre, sob um clima árido a semiárido visto a abundante presença de formas Rimuladas. Apesar da não detecção das formas guias diagnósticas de idade, que definem as palinozonas do arcabouço palinoestratigráfico válido para seções cretáceas brasileiras, a associação palinológica recuperada, com formas típicas do eocretáceo (Classopollis classoides, Araucariacites australis, Equisetosporites sp.), aliado a presença da espécie Vitreisporites pallidus, e ausência de formas do neocretáceo, nos permitiu posicionar a seção na palinozona Vitreisporites pallidus considerada de idade Aratu
The present study was based on analysis of the organic content of the shallow survey of well 9-69-BA-FBA located in the Recôncavo Basin. 126 samples for TOC and 35 pairs of blades were used for palynological and palynofacies analysis. The palynofacies analysis showed that particulate organic components are dominated by amorphous organic material in almost any section. Alien representatives are occasionally present and represented by phytoclasts, pollen grains and spores. The results of TOCshows percentages above 1% in almost the entire range studied. Through observation with white transmitted light and UV lightmicroscopy, it was possible to distinguish three distinct palynofacies section, considering the type and the degree of preservation of the organic material. The analysis of SCI (Spores Color Index) has maturation values between 4.5 to 5, featuring a degree of thermal maturation close to the window of hydrocarbons generation. The palynoflora association shows a low diversity of representatives, where among 292 palynomorphs with 28 genera and 11 species of pollen grains and spores, 167 are represented only by the species Classopollis classoides. Based on the present palynoflora association and the lithological analysis of the well, we can infer that sedimentation occurred in a fluvial-lacustrine deltaic paleoenvironment, under an arid to semi-arid atmosphere represented by the presence of abundant forms Rimuladas. Despite the non-detection of diagnostic forms of age guides, which define the palynozones of the paleostratigraphic framework valid for the Brazilian section of the lower Cretaceous (Classopollis classoides, Araucariacites australis, Equisetosporites sp.), the palynoflora recovered association indicates that these deposits are part of the Vitreisporites pallidus palynozone considered of age Aratu
Paulsen, Geir. „GPU Computing for Efficient Sedimentary Basin Simulations“. Thesis, KTH, Numerisk analys, NA, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148169.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDen här uppsatsen presenterar PDEer som beskriver sedimentering av ett system av diffusion och transport ekvationer. Dessa PDEerna blir implementerade med en halvimplicit metod och löst med en grafikprocessor (GPU). Ekvationerna är lösta med iterativa lösare (CG och BiCGStab) från mjukvaran ViennaCL. Tidsmätningarna från dessa operationerna blir jämförda med en CPU-implementation. För användandet av de iterativa lösarna blir en gles matris och en vektor på höger sida satt. Den glesa matrisen och vektorn blir effektivt uppdaterat av GPUen. De implicita termerna blir lagrat i den glesa matrisen och de explicita termerna i vektorn på höger sida. Den glesa matrisen är sparat i det komprimerade glesa rad (CSR) formatet. Algoritmer för att uppdatera den glesa matrisen för PDEs som har Neumann, eller Neumann och Dirichlet randvillkor blir presenterade. Eftersom värdena i den glesa matrisen beror på värdena från det förra resultatet, måste den glesa matrisen uppdateras ofta. Avsevärt med tid sparas av att uppdatera den glesa matrisen på GPUen istället för på CPUen (långsamma data överföringar mellan CPU och GPU reduceras). Accelerationen för GPU-implementationen konstaterades vara 8-10 och 12-18 för GPUena GTX 590 och K20m beroende på storleken på rutnätet. Den höga accelerationen beror på att CPU-modellen som användes till tidmätning är en äldre modell. Om en nyare CPU modell användes, ville accelerationen bli lägre. På grund av begränsad tillgång till nyare hårdvara, har inte mer exakta värden för acceleration kunnat uppdrivas. Indikationer visar dock att GPU-implementationen är snabbare än den sekventiella CPU-implementationen.
Collier, Richard E. Ll. „Sedimentary facies evolution in Continental fault-bounded basins formed by crustal extension : the Corinth Basin, Greece“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2616/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleO, Burrola Francisco de la. „Étude pétrographique et géochimique intégrée du charbon et de shale à gaz du bassin Sabinas et de Chihuahua au Nord du Mexique : estimation des ressources en gaz méthane“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0233/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis comprehensive characterization study was performed using organic petrology and geochemistry conducted in the Sabinas basin and Chihuahua in northern Mexico. This information allowed a numerical modeling of gas formation, considering the thermal subsidence of coal and carbonaceous shales.The objectives of this thesis are: establish a characterization methodology for the studied rocks ; estimate potential gas generator and its regional distribution ; estimate the methane gas resources. For the development of this project, we conducted an intensive campaign representative sampling of coal, carbonaceous shales and coal gas "in situ". For the Sabinas basin were studied 97 samples and 114 samples in the basin of Chihuahua. The analyses carried out that were used on the samples analyzed allowed to characterize the kerogen and gas. The methodology used to cross petrographic and geochemical information to analyze the petroleum system by numerical modeling. Analyses were: Petrographic, reflectance %Ro, elemental analysis and immediate, Rock Eval6 ® (Bulk rock), isotopic analysis, [delta]13C, [delta]D, (coal gas), scanning electron microscopy, image analysis and analysis of macerals fluid inclusions. The analyzes that were used on the samples allowed to characterize the sample, the kerogen and gas. The methodology used to cross petrographic and geochemical information for analyze the oil system by numerical modeling. Analyses were: Petrographic, reflectance% Ro, elemental analysis and immediate, Rock Eval6 ® (Bulk rock), isotopic analysis, d13C, dD, (coal gas), scanning electron microscopy, image analysis and analysis of macerals fluid inclusions. A computer program was constructed to cross the information with the analysis of samples of artificial maturation experiments in the laboratory. This approach allowed estimation of methane gas resources generated by coal and carbonaceous shales. [...] In conclusion, between the two basins studied, the Sabinas basin, generates more gas for industrial exploitation. However, the rocks of the basin of Chihuahua unconventional types (shale gas) show good potential for hydrocarbon generation. The methodology used for the study of kerogen and gas in the two basins is in our opinion the most appropriate to meet the objectives proposed in this thesis. This allows to characterize the thermal evolution of coal, carbonaceous shale (shale gas), coal gas and hydrocarbon source rocks
Brüch, André Reinert. „Simulação numérica das deformações induzidas por sequências tectônicas em bacias sedimentares“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/60628.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of sedimentary basins is of great economic importance, since they can serve as natural reservoirs of water, hydrocarbons and valuable minerals. In this context, motivated mainly by the oil industry, significant advances have been made in the area of computational engineering, seeking a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of basins in order to optimize costs and minimize risks in their exploration. This work is devoted to modeling of purely mechanical aspects of the formation, compaction and deformation of sedimentary basins. The simulation can be divided into three characteristic phases: the sediments deposition, its compaction due to gravitational forces and pore pressure dissipation, and its deformations imposed by extensional and compressive tectonic motion. The poromechanical constitutive law is formulated in the framework of finite irreversible strains, accounting for hydromechanical and elasticity-plasticity couplings. The numerical simulation is performed using the finite element method. An algorithm developed in Fortran code is used to perform two-dimensional simulations in plane strain state. Two phenomena are presented for different basin ages: the sedimentary rock subsidence, in the case of extensional tectonics, and the basin inversion (uplift), in the case of compressive tectonics. Different analyses and comparisons are made for all cases: gravitational compaction and tectonic-driven compaction.