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SIRENKO, BORIS. „A small collection of rare and new chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery“. Zootaxa 5325, Nr. 3 (09.08.2023): 359–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5325.3.3.
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A collection of rare, mainly deep-sea species of chitons collected from South Australia, Tasmania and Heard Island has been processed. In the materials there was a second find of Belknapchiton opiparus, which made it possible to significantly supplement the previous descriptions of this species. For the first time, species of genus Stenosemus have been found for Australia and Macquarie Island. Two new species (Leptochiton australis n. sp. and Belknapchiton gowlettholmesae n. sp.) have been described. A high degree of endemism of the faunas of chitons of the family Leptochitonidae of Australia and New Zealand has been confirmed.
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DZYBA, Anzhela. „STRUCTURES OF THE DENDROFLORA OF PARK-MONUMENTS OF LANDSCAPE ART IN THE UKRAINIAN POLISSYA“. AgroLife Scientific Journal 12, Nr. 1 (30.06.2023): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17930/agl202319.
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This article is devoted to the study of the systematic, biomorphological, and ecological classifications of the dendroflora of eleven park-monuments of landscape art established in the second half of the 20th century in the Ukrainian Polissya. In the protected parks, we identified 193 taxa of woody plants that belong to 82 genera and 34 families. The most common one was the family Rosaceae Juss. Among encountered woody plants, 14.2% species were indigenous and occurred in 5-11 parks. Fifty-nine woody plant species, among which 64.4% were rare, were associated with a single park and were represented by 1-7 specimens. At the same time, 69 woody plant species were associated with 2-4 parks, with 40.4% rare and 17.4% indigenous plant species. Life forms were represented by phanerophytes (36, 63, and 76 species of megaphanerophytes, mesophanerophytes, and micro- and nanophanerophytes, respectively) and a chamaephyte. In turn, the ecological structure was dominated by mesophytes (39.8%), hemisciophytes (46.6%), and mesotrophs (51.7%). Except for Bairak PMLA and Novostavskyi dendropark, the dendroflora of the surveyed parks was diverse.
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Abdullaeva, Elmira B. „DAGESTAN PROFESSIONAL MUSICAL ART IN HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT: THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX - BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY“. History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 17, Nr. 2 (01.07.2021): 363–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch172363-386.
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The article describes the patterns and features of the development of the musical art of Dagestan at different stages of its evolution over more than half a century of history. We have analyzed the components of the musical and professional tradition, giving a holistic view of it, versatile reflecting both the originality and originality, and historical variability. These include: genre-species differentiation and systemic connections, stylistics and means of musical expression.The multifaceted study and the possibility of interpreting the data obtained allows one to create an idea of the ways of the formation and development of the musical art of Dagestan during the period under consideration. The initial premises of the study can be summarized as follows.The structure of musical art is formed on the basis of the interrelationships of composer's creativity, performing practice and various cultural interchanges that undergo stylistic and genre-specific changes.The second premise was the look at the musical art of Dagestan as an actual part of modern culture. Therefore, the main source has become various forms of broadcasting musical culture (listening practice and analytical observations at concerts of classical music).Reliance on contemporary musical material and direct observation of the musical process in the field of classical, pop and other spheres of culture presupposes the study of the phenomenon in a synchronic aspect. The presence of publications by different authors and our own research experience make it possible to a certain extent to make diachronic comparisons.The important regularities in the development of the Dagestan academic musical art identified by us can form the basis for further research of genre phenomena in different historical periods.
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Popiołek, M., und J. Kotusz. „A checklist of helminth fauna of weatherfish, Misgurnus fossilis (Pisces, Cobitidae): state of the art, species list and perspectives of further studies“. Helminthologia 45, Nr. 4 (01.12.2008): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-008-0036-x.
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AbstractThe helminth fauna of weatherfish (Misgurnus fossilis) in natural range is reviewed. Several helminth species reported in weatherfish are discussed with reference to host specificity and their geographical distribution. The current list of helminth parasites of the weatherfish includes 37 species. Most (15) are digenean trematodes, half of them being larval stages. Only one species of trematode — Allocreadium transversale is more specific parasite of weatherfish. Second largest group are Monogenea, with 10 species. Two of them (Gyrodactylus strelkovi and G. misgurni) are found only in the genus Misgurnus. Tapeworms (6 species) and Nematodes (6 species) are less numerous. No Acanthocephala, however, were ever found.
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S., ALAN THOMAS, und P. SUNOJKUMAR. „Lectotypification of the basionym of Isodon kurzii and Isodon nilgherricus“. Phytotaxa 496, Nr. 1 (09.04.2021): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.1.6.
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Isodon (Schrad. ex Bentham 1832: 40) Spach (1840: 162), belonging to the family Lamiaceae, comprises about 100 species (Chen et al. 2016). Formerly, the species of this genus were included in the genus Plectranthus L’Héritier (1788: 84). In this article, we are designating the lectotype for Plectranthus kurzii Prain (1890: 296) and Plectranthus nilgherricus Bentham (1848: 57), basionyms of Isodon kurzii (Prain) Hara (1985: 234) and Isodon nilgherricus (Benth.) Hara (1985: 236), respectively. The lectotypification of Plectranthus nilgherricus is a second-step lectotypification as per Art. 9. 17 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018).
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Patil, Sheetal S., Suhas H. Patil, Avinash M. Pawar, Netra S. Patil und Gauri R. Rao. „Automatic Classification of Medicinal Plants Using State-Of-The-Art Pre-Trained Neural Networks“. Journal of Advanced Zoology 43, Nr. 1 (17.10.2022): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v43i1.116.
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Now a days every mankind is suffering due to infections. Ayurveda, the science of life helped to take preventive measures which boost our immunity. It is plant-based science. Many medicinal plants found useful in daily life of common people for boosting immunity. Identifying the plant species having medicinal plant is challenging, it requires botanical expert. In the process of manual identification, botanical experts use various plant features as the identification keys, which are examined adaptively and progressively to identify plant species. The shortage of experts and trained taxonomist created global taxonomic impediment problem which is one of the major challenges. Various researchers have worked in the field of automatic classification of plants since the last decade. The leaf is considered as primary input as it is available throughout the whole year. The research paper mainly focuses on the study of transfer learning approach for medicinal plant classification, which reuse already developed model at the starting point for model on a second task. Transfer learning approach is a black box approach used for image classification and many more applications by extracting features from an image. Some of the transfer learning models are MobileNet-V1, VGG-19, ResNet-50, VGG-16. Here it uses Mendeley dataset of Indian medicinal plant species which is freely available. Output layer classifies the species of leaves. The result provides evaluation and variations of above listed features extracted models. MobileNetV1 achieves maximum accuracy of 98%.
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Khadanga, Sagar, Karuna Tadepalli, Pravat Kumar Thatoi, Rina Mohanty und Namita Mohapatra. „Physician’s dilemma in treating Acinetobacter baumanii: A combination of art and science“. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, Nr. 2 (15.09.2014): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10405.
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Acinetobacter are gram negative coccobacilli and ubiquitous in nature1. Quiet frequently they are recovered from inpatients who are hospitalized for prolonged illness and often multiple times. Although originally considered to be a low grade opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter species has emerged to be one of the common nosocomial pathogen. These isolates are often MDR1. It still remains a physician’s dilemma whether to treat or not such isolates, considering them pathological or commmensals. In one of our case it was isolated as a commensal and the patient did not require any antibiotic. On the hand the second case succumbed just after we started the susceptible antibiotic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.10405Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 105-107
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SUVOROVA, ANNA A. „Modes of Monstrosity in Visionary and Outsider Art: From divine to Machine and Back“. Art and Science of Television 19, Nr. 3 (2023): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30628/1994-9529-2023-19.3-177-199.
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The art of visionaries and outsiders is a space of fantastic narratives, authorial mythologies, and hybrid identities. Their personal religious doctrines and pseudohistorical epics generate monstrous bodies and entities combined with characteristics of the divine, human, and machine. The article examines the representations of monstrosity in visionary and outsider art, art brut, and art of the insane of the 20th and early 21st centuries, investigating the representations of monsters in the artworks of Karl Brendel (Karl Genzel), Bernard Schatz (L-15), and Allen Christian. The general characteristics of monstrosity in visionary and outsider art of the 20th and early 21st centuries are the visionary nature of images, multiculturalism, hybridity, the combination of the scientific, pseudoscientific and religious narratives and popular culture. In the early 20th century, religion had a significant impact, manifested in the hybridization of religious images and pseudo-anthropomorphic distortion in art. In the second half of the 20th century, space narratives had a great influence and were embodied in images of aliens, the cosmos, etc. The turn of the 20th and 21st centuries was the time for rethinking technology, and the symbiosis of human and technology, the origin of species and alternative theories of evolution became popular themes.
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Zicler, E., O. Parisel, F. Pauzat, Y. Ellinger, M. C. Bacchus-Montabonel und J. P. Maillard. „Search for hydrogen-helium molecular species in space“. Astronomy & Astrophysics 607 (November 2017): A61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731441.
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Context. Helium, the second most abundant element in the Universe, with a relative abundance of He/H ~ 1/10, has never been observed in any other form than that of a neutral atom (He) or an ion (He+) in the interstellar medium. Since He is a noble gas its non-observation as part of neutral molecular systems is understandable, but it is very surprising for a positively charged species such as HeH+ that is a stable diatomic ion whose spectral signatures are well known in the laboratory. Aims. This non-observation, even in hydrogen rich regions, could imply that HeH+ is not a proper target and that alternatives have to be considered, such as small HeHn+ clusters. The present study aims at finding whether the leading term HeH3+ fulfills the conditions required. Methods. We addressed the question with state-of-the-art numerical simulations. We determined a two-dimension ab initio potential energy surface (PES) of the HeH3+ cluster along the He...H3+ and HeH+...H2 reaction coordinates. The calculations rely on complete active space configuration interaction followed by a second order perturbation treatment (CAS-PT2). This surface was used for the evaluation of the two radiative associations rate constants by means of a quantum treatment of the collision between the interacting fragments. Results. These calculations show unambiguously that HeH3+ is the most stable point on the corresponding global PES. Then, we determined the rate constants of the radiative associations HeH+ + H2 and He + H3+ leading to HeH3+. Conclusions. Significative values were obtained that reach up to 2 × 10-18 cm3 s-1, which should stimulate new tentatives to detect molecular helium in astrophysical objects.
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Poorhaydari, Kioumars. „Examination of Neutral Intervals and Parent Scales in Persian Art Music: A Step toward the Standardization of the Musical System“. Music Theory and Analysis (MTA) 9, Nr. 1 (15.05.2022): 28–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/mta.9.1.2.
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Neutral intervals between minor and major intervals have been used in Persian/Iranian art music for centuries or even millennia. During the medieval era in the Muslim world, several scholars proposed ratios for the various intervals used in their recognized musical species and presented systematized parent scales. However, this did not result in unanimously accepted or standardized neutral interval sizes or fretting systems in practice, either in the past or in modern times. This article examines neutral intervals and parent scales in Persian art music in four sections. First, the neutral intervals according to the main medieval theorists of the Muslim world (specifically, from the eighth through the fifteenth centuries) are reviewed. Second, the opinions of several twentieth-century mu sicologists and their measured/proposed neutral intervals are critically examined. Third, several ratios for neutral seconds are considered based on different theoretical approach es, and a unique ratio, close to the current practice, is proposed. Finally, the arithmetic mean calculation method is directly applied to an 18-tone scale (for the fretting of a Persian tār/sitār) as an example of a standardized parent scale.
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Liñán Lafuente, Alfredo. „El delito de caza furtiva en tiempo de veda. Comentario a la STS 3566/2020, de 3 de noviembre“. Revista de Derecho Penal y Criminología, Nr. 24 (13.05.2021): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdpc.24.2020.29070.
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La Sala Segunda del Tribunal Supremo en su sentencia nº 3566/2020, de 3 de noviembre, ha concluido que la caza de una especie no protegida en temporada de veda es constitutiva de un delito del art. 335.1 CP. En el presente artículo se analiza la sentencia, el artículo 335 1. y 2 CP y se plantean las consecuencias que se pueden derivar de la interpretación la que opta el Tribunal Supremo.The Second Chamber of the Supreme Court in its judgment No. 3566/2020, of 3 November, has concluded that the hunting of an unprotected species during the season closed to hunting is always an offence under art. 335.1 CP. This article assesses the judgment and article 335.1. and 2 of the Penal Code and it raises the consequences that can stem from the interpretation chosen by the Supreme Court.
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Boyle, Cameron. „The silence of the huia: Bird extinction and the archive“. Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 7, Nr. 2 (01.10.2019): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00008_1.
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Abstract In this article, I argue that art can enable a critique of museological conventions, along with related ideas of natural history and extinction, which together have structured practices of preserving and representing departed species as scientific specimens. I draw on the case of the huia specifically, a bird species endemic to New Zealand, which became extinct in the early twentieth century, as a result of multiple ecological, cultural, political and economic forces stemming from colonization. I suggest the preservation of individual huia birds in the form of scientific specimens demonstrates how Victorian aesthetics and ideas about the natural world shaped the modality through which non-human life was, and to some extent still is, recorded and portrayed according to particular archival norms. Utilizing concepts from recent scholarship in the field of extinction studies, I critically consider how the works of two artists which feature the huia, challenge the traditions of the museum and the archive. First, I examine how Fiona Pardington's photography of huia specimens frames the species as a life form that became extinct in a context scarred by the complex and violent entanglement of people and nature. Second, I show how a work of sound art by Sally Ann McIntyre, which is centred on the inaudible recordings of huia specimens played on Kapiti Island, the bird's original habitat, highlights that extinction results in the loss of multispecies relationality.
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Sekhar, V., E. Wong, H. A. Elhassan und N. Singh. „Moffett's muted mules: the science of laryngology in the art of war“. Journal of Laryngology & Otology 132, Nr. 11 (29.10.2018): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215118001950.
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AbstractBackgroundMules and other equine species have been used in warfare for thousands of years to transport goods and supplies. Mules are known for ‘braying’, which is disadvantageous in warfare operations. This article explores the fascinating development of surgical techniques to stop military mules from braying, with particular emphasis on the key role played by the otolaryngologist Arthur James Moffett in devoicing the mules of the second Chindit expedition of World War II.MethodThe PubMed database (1900–2017) and Google search engine were used to identify articles related to devoicing mules in the medical and veterinary literature, along with information and images on the Chindit expedition.ResultsThis paper reviews the surgical techniques aimed at treating braying in mules, ranging from ventriculectomy and arytenoidectomy to Moffett's approach of vocal cordectomy.ConclusionMoffett's technique of vocal cordectomy provided a quick, reproducible and safe solution for devoicing mules. It proved to be advantageous on the battlefield and demonstrated his achievements outside the field of medicine.
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Iamonico, Duilio, und Daniel B. Montesinos-Tubée. „The Genus Paronychia (Caryophyllaceae) in South America: Nomenclatural Review and Taxonomic Notes with the Description of a New Species from North Peru“. Plants 12, Nr. 5 (27.02.2023): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12051064.
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All the names in Paronychia described from South America are investigated. Five names (P. arbuscula, P. brasiliana subsp. brasiliana var. pubescens, P. coquimbensis, P. hieronymi, and P. mandoniana) are lecto- or neotypified on specimens preserved at GOET, K, LP, and P. The typification of nine names, first proposed by Chaudhri in 1968 as the “holotype” are corrected according to Art. 9.10 of ICN. Three second-step typifications (Art. 9.17 of ICN) are proposed for P. camphorosmoides, P. communis, and P. hartwegiana. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: P. arequipensis comb. et stat. nov. (basionym: P. microphylla subsp. microphylla var. arequepensis), P. compacta nom. nov. pro P. andina (Philippi non Gray; Art. 53.1 of ICN), P. jujuyensis comb. et stat. nov. (basionym: P. hieronymi subsp. hieronymi var. jujuyensis), P. compacta subsp. boliviana comb. nov. (basionym: P. andina subsp. boliviana), and P. compacta subsp. purpurea comb. nov. (basionym: P. andina subsp. purpurea). A new species (P. glabra sp. nov.) is proposed based on our examination of live plants and herbarium specimens. P. johnstonii subsp. johnstonii var. scabrida is synonymized (syn. nov.) with P. johnstonii. Finally, P. argyrocoma subsp. argyrocoma is excluded from South America since it was based on misidentified specimens (deposited at MO) of P. andina subsp. andina. A total of 30 species (43 taxa including subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, and forms) are recognized, highlighting that for some (Paronychia chilensis, P. communis, P. setigera) we provisionally accept Chaudhri’s infraspecific classification, since the high phenotypic variability of these taxa is quite complicated and further investigations need to solve their taxonomy.
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Zawistowska, Monika. „Teatr czasu wojny 1939–1945 w świetle zadań i wartości“. Dydaktyka Polonistyczna 15, Nr. 6 (2020): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/dyd.pol.15.2020.14.
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The publication describes the activity of Polish theater during the Second World War. It is an attempt to look at theater from the perspective of the tasks and values it presented in this particularly difficult period. The article describes the functioning of open and underground theaters and theaters operating in concentration camps. The above-mentioned activities cannot be reduced to one formula or a specific species. In these conditions, the artistic level and innovation of many performances amaze. Paradoxically, this most dramatic theater achieved its greatest autonomy during the occupation. It has become a useful tool for restoring human dignity and art.
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VILLAR, JOSE LUIS, Mª ÁNGELES ALONSO, ANA JUAN und MANUEL B. CRESPO. „Corrections on the previous typifications of some names in Tamarix (Tamaricaceae)“. Phytotaxa 289, Nr. 1 (20.12.2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.1.10.
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In two recent publications (Villar et al. 2014, 2015), we made comments on 24 nomenclatural types in Tamarix Linnaeus (1753: 270). However we overlooked Schiman-Czeika’s (1964) Tamaricaceae treatment for the Flora Iranica, which included mention to all the types of the species recognized by the author. In fact, Schiman-Czeika (1964) always referenced a “type” to a concrete specimen, and then isotypes, if found, in different herbaria. According to the Melbourne Code (ICN, McNeill et al. 2012), most of those designations of type (Schiman-Czeika 1964) must be corrected to lectotype (Art. 9.9 of the ICN), and have priority (Art. 7.10 of the ICN) over later type designations in our previous publications or those taken as a base for them (Baum 1966, Qaiser 1981, Villar et al. 2014, 2015). As a consequence, 7 out of the 24 names treated in our two previous works on Tamarix types (Villar et al. 2014, 2015) need of corrections after considering the Schiman-Czeika’s type designations. As a result, seven lectotypes first designated by Schiman-Czeika (1964) are recovered here, and second step lectotypes are designated in four cases, according to Art. 9.17 of the ICN.
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Levandovska, S., und V. Khryk. „Dendrobiotic diversity of the «Fastivskyi» landscape park of local significance, its scientific value and preservation state“. Agrobìologìâ, Nr. 1(187) (24.05.2024): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2024-187-1-70-81.
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The inventory results and comprehensive analysis of tree and shrub plantations of the park-monument of horticultural art of local importance «Fastivskyi» are highlighted. It was established that the park dendroflora is represented by 43 species belonging to 33 genera, 21 families, two classes and two divisions. The division Pinophyta includes 7 species, which are grouped into 6 genera, 3 families, 2 orders, one subclass and one class. The department Magnoliophyta includes 36 species, which are grouped into 27 genera, 18 families, 14 orders, 4 subclasses, and one class. The families Rosaceae (18,6%) and Aceraceae (11,6%) dominate by the number of species. The genus Acer has the greatest species diversity (5 species). Most of the territory of the landmark park (94,12%) is covered with forest, with the predominance of plantations of artificial origin. Forest massifs are mainly formed by Quercus robur L. (50,8 %) and Pinus sylvestris L. (21,3 %). The predominance of woody plant species number over the number of shrub species in the dendroflora indicates the forest type of the park landscape. The park landscape corresponds to the second stage of recreational digression. The landmark park acquires a special natural value due to the oak stands of 101-106 years old and medieval dendroexotics Catalpa bignonioides Walt., Cuninghamia lanceolata Hook., Larix decidua Mill., Pinus strobus L., Phellodеndron amurеnse Maxim. The results of a comprehensive assessment of the park's plantings indicate its significant dendrological value. The lowest is the assessment based on the criteria of the sanitary condition of tree plantations. It was established that the general sanitary condition of park plantations is unsatisfactory: the share (46,0%) of weakened, very weakened and drying trees outweighs the share of healthy ones (35,0%). A significant number of dead trees (19,0%) was found, which indicates the need for immediate reconstruction of the protected object and restoration works. Key words: park-monument of horticultural art, taxonomic composition of dendroflora, introducers, ancient trees, stages of recreational digression, forest pathology examinations, sanitary condition.
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Soltani, Salim, Olga Ferlian, Nico Eisenhauer, Hannes Feilhauer und Teja Kattenborn. „From simple labels to semantic image segmentation: leveraging citizen science plant photographs for tree species mapping in drone imagery“. Biogeosciences 21, Nr. 11 (14.06.2024): 2909–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2909-2024.
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Abstract. Knowledge of plant species distributions is essential for various application fields, such as nature conservation, agriculture, and forestry. Remote sensing data, especially high-resolution orthoimages from unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs), paired with novel pattern-recognition methods, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), enable accurate mapping (segmentation) of plant species. Training transferable pattern-recognition models for species segmentation across diverse landscapes and data characteristics typically requires extensive training data. Training data are usually derived from labor-intensive field surveys or visual interpretation of remote sensing images. Alternatively, pattern-recognition models could be trained more efficiently with plant photos and labels from citizen science platforms, which include millions of crowd-sourced smartphone photos and the corresponding species labels. However, these pairs of citizen-science-based photographs and simple species labels (one label for the entire image) cannot be used directly for training state-of-the-art segmentation models used for UAV image analysis, which require per-pixel labels for training (also called masks). Here, we overcome the limitation of simple labels of citizen science plant observations with a two-step approach. In the first step, we train CNN-based image classification models using the simple labels and apply them in a moving-window approach over UAV orthoimagery to create segmentation masks. In the second phase, these segmentation masks are used to train state-of-the-art CNN-based image segmentation models with an encoder–decoder structure. We tested the approach on UAV orthoimages acquired in summer and autumn at a test site comprising 10 temperate deciduous tree species in varying mixtures. Several tree species could be mapped with surprising accuracy (mean F1 score =0.47). In homogenous species assemblages, the accuracy increased considerably (mean F1 score =0.55). The results indicate that several tree species can be mapped without generating new training data and by only using preexisting knowledge from citizen science. Moreover, our analysis revealed that the variability in citizen science photographs, with respect to acquisition data and context, facilitates the generation of models that are transferable through the vegetation season. Thus, citizen science data may greatly advance our capacity to monitor hundreds of plant species and, thus, Earth's biodiversity across space and time.
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Miler, Krzysztof, und Filip Turza. „“O Sister, Where Art Thou?”—A Review on Rescue of Imperiled Individuals in Ants“. Biology 10, Nr. 11 (22.10.2021): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10111079.
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Altruism is defined as an action that decreases the lifetime direct fitness of an actor and benefits one or more recipients. This phenomenon, which is generally difficult to understand and explain, requires special research attention. The subject of this review, rescue, is a type of altruistic behavior in which the actor puts itself at risk to save another individual, the recipient, that is in danger. The highest numbers of published empirical works have been devoted to rescue behavior in ants and they have enormous potential for further study. We review studies devoted to the subject and group them into four main areas of research on ant rescue actions: (1) variation in rescue behavior activity on a between-individual scale, (2) factors contributing to the evolution of rescue behavior on a between-species scale, (3) rescue behavior releaser signals and (4) rescue behavior benefits and costs. We highlight the progress in research on rescue behavior in ants, indicate that this behavior is probably much more common than previously thought yet thus far demonstrated in only a few species, and uncover research gaps and open questions that remain unexplored. We additionally point out some gaps in knowledge that become evident when research devoted to rescue behavior in rats, the second most studied group of animals in this context, is briefly overviewed. We hope to help navigate among studies on rescue behavior and provide the most up-to-date summary of the relevant literature. Moreover, we hope to encourage and facilitate researchers in behavioral ecology and other subdisciplines to further experimentally analyze rescue behavior, not only in ants but also in other taxa.
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Bilkis, Itzhak, Israel Silman und Lev Weiner. „Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Photosensitizers and their Modes of Action on Proteins“. Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, Nr. 40 (21.01.2019): 5528–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180104153848.
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In this review, we first survey the mechanisms underlying the chemical modification of amino acid residues in proteins by singlet oxygen elicited by photosensitizers. Singlet oxygen has the capacity to cause widespread chemical damage to cellular proteins. Its use in photodynamic therapy of tumors thus requires the development of methodologies for specific addressing of the photosensitizer to malignant cells while sparing normal tissue. We describe three targeting paradigms for achieving this objective. The first involves the use of a photosensitizer with a high affinity for its target protein; in this case, the photosensitizer is methylene blue for acetylcholinesterase. The second paradigm involves the use of the hydrophobic photosensitizer hypericin, which has the capacity to interact selectively with partially unfolded forms of proteins, including nascent species in rapidly dividing or virus-infected and cancer cells, acting preferentially at membrane interfaces. In this case, partially unfolded molten globule species of acetylcholinesterase serve as the model system. In the third paradigm, the photodynamic approach takes advantage of a general approach in ‘state-of-the-art’ chemotherapy, by coupling the photosensitizer emodin to a specific peptide hormone, GnRH, which recognizes malignant cells via specific GnRH receptors on their surface.
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Rosińska, Monika, und Agata Szydłowska. „ZOEPOLIS. W stronę dizajnu poza paradygmatem antropocentrycznym“. Kultura Popularna 2, Nr. 52 (28.12.2017): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7052.
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The article provides an introductory discussion on design practice that contributes to a possible constitution of an expanded community composed of humans, non-human animals and other species. It starts with an examination of existing approaches to design and art that take into consideration relationships between humans and non-humans. We divide them into three types: one, which is focused on a wildlife protection, second which reflects on an animal perspective and third, which recognizes animals as creators. Departing from a critique of given approaches we propose a new one basing on theories of Will Kymlicka and Sue Donaldson, Donna Haraway, Joanna Bednarek and Bruno Latour. Thus the concept of zoepoliscould be defined as a city and a community of living creatures. It would be based not on a hierarchy but on relations on various levels. This concept leads us to a formulation of possible questions and challenges of this expanded community for design practice where material environment could mediate between species and facilitate the cohabitation.
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Tetlie, O. E., und J. A. Dunlop. „A redescription of the Late Carboniferous eurypterids Adelophthalmus granosus von Meyer, 1853 and A. zadrai Přibyl, 1952“. Fossil Record 8, Nr. 1 (01.01.2005): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-8-3-2005.
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The earliest named, and type species, of the Middle Devonian–Middle Permian eurypterid genus <i>Adelophthalmus</i>, the monotypic, Late Carboniferous <i>A. granosus</i> von Meyer, 1853, is redescribed as a first step towards resolving the number of species and phylogenetic relationships within the adelophthalmid clade. A second Late Carboniferous monotypic species, <i>A. zadrai</i> Přibyl, 1952, is also redescribed, since the part of the holotype was discovered in the Berlin collection under an erroneous manuscript name. The two species are different, but can only be separated using characters whose validity and stability must be tested against a wider spectrum of taxa. A list of described adelophthalmids is presented together with an overview of the synonyms previously suggested, with discussions of the validity of at least some of the species currently synonomised. <br><br> Der historisch früheste Nachweis von der vom Devon bis zum Perm überlieferten Eurypteriden-Gattung <i>Adelophthalmus</i>, die monotypische Typus-Art <i>A. granosus</i> von Meyer, 1853, wird revidiert. Es ist dies ein erster Schritt, um die Anzahl der Arten und die phylogenetischen Verhältnisse innerhalb des Adelophthalmiden-Clades zu klären. Eine zweite monotypische Art, <i>A. zadrai</i> Přibyl, 1952, wird ebenfalls neu beschrieben, nachdem ein Teil des Holotypus in der Berliner Sammlung unter einem fehlerhaften Manuskript-Namen wieder aufgefunden wurde. Beide Arten lassen sich derzeit nur durch Merkmale unterscheiden, deren Gültigkeit erst noch vor dem Hintergrund eines weiteren Spektrum von Taxa überprüft werden muss. Die bisher beschriebenen Adelophthalmiden, einschließlich bisherige vorgeschlagenen Synonyme, werden aufgelistet; die Gültigkeit wenigstens einiger dieser Synonyme wird diskutiert. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200410001" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.200410001</a>
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Apostólico, Lígia Haselmann, und José Eduardo Amoroso RodriguezMarian. „Cephalopod mating systems as models for the study of sexual selection and alternative reproductive tactics: a review“. Bulletin of Marine Science 96, Nr. 2 (01.04.2020): 375–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2019.0045.
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Cephalopods are a remarkable group for studies on sexual selection, due to their complex reproductive behavior, pronounced sexual dimorphism, polygamous behavior, as well as cumulative evidence of pre- and postcopulatory male-male competition and female choice in the group. is paper provides a review of sexual selection studies on cephalopods, with an emphasis on the loliginid squid mating system. In this system, males may adopt alternative reproductive tactics (ART) and display male intrasexual dimorphism, with each morph generally exhibiting distinct behaviors and ejaculate traits. Consort males typically transfer ejaculates to the female mantle cavity, while sneaker males typically transfer ejaculates to the female buccal region, where a sperm storage organ is located. Each site provides distinct fertilization environments for the ejaculates of each morph, differing in the availability of eggs, gamete protection, and timing between mating and fertilization. Accordingly, the ejaculates of each morph show putative adaptations for each site, differing in size, morphology, sperm release duration, and sperm behavior. Although solid evidence is lacking for most loliginids, cryptic female choice may occur in this system through, for example, spermatangia removal or egg string manipulation during fertilization. In addition, recent evidence for one loliginid species indicates that adoption of male ART is ontogenetic and may represent two alternative pathways: from immature males (i) directly to consort phenotype or (ii) going through a sneaker phase, then switching to consort morph. The second pathway would, therefore, imply striking change in behavior, physiology, and ejaculates. Moreover, data on the age of this species suggests that the adoption of sneaker tactic early in life may be associated with extending the male mating period by 25%. With such a peculiar system, loliginids should prove useful not only for comprehending the evolution of female promiscuity and ART in cephalopods, but also as an emerging nonvertebrate and nonarthropod model for testing sperm competition models.
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Terec-Vlad, Loredana. „Aspects Regarding Cooperation within the European Union – Learning Integration through Art 87 of the TFEU“. Moldavian Journal for Education and Social Psychology 6, Nr. 1 (10.01.2023): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/mjesp/6.1/37.
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The origins of the idea of an United Europe are lost in the mists of time; the Roman conquests in the Antiquity reflect a series of trends of European unity, but in the Middle Ages, religious conflicts divided Europe: on the one hand we talk about pontifical unity, and on the other hand about imperial unity (Pascariu, 2020). The European Union is presented as more than an international organization with many specifications, but it is less than a state. The European Union, as an area, has been built over several decades and is constantly strengthening its institutions. Thus, after the end of the Second World War, after the atrocities of the Holocaust that resulted in the death of millions of people, the decision was made to create a space of peace and stability. In order to have an overall picture of what the Holocaust represented, it is necessary to emphasize the fact that the human species was divided into two categories: the Aryan race and the others (this category included Jews, Roma, people with physical or mental disabilities, etc.).
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Levchenko, Illia. „On image agency“. Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, Nr. 1 (2023): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2023.1.10.
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Horst Bredekamp is an art historian and representative of the science of images (Bildwissenschaft), known for his research on the image agency. In the two reviewed works, the image appears as an independent agent that operates in the political space and essentially creates this political space. In the study "Image Act. A Systematic Approach to Visual Agency" (2018), Bredekamp attempts to systematize the methods of image action. The types of acts singled out by the researcher exist outside of linear chronology and are ways of manifesting an image. The image can combine several different types of acts. First, Bredekamp considers the image as a determinant of man as a species, a manifestation of the cognitive revolution, man's ability to act of differentiation, and his ability to transform nature. Despite this, the researcher goes to the meaning of Charles Darwin's teaching "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" (1872) to develop the concept of "pathosformel" (pathosformel) of Aby Warburg. After all, Brellekamp concludes images of nature continue human images, not oppose them. The second of the analyzed works, "Leviathan: Body politic as visual strategy in the work of Thomas Hobbes" (2020), is built around the analysis of the frontispiece to Hobbes's treatise "Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil" (1651). Bredekamp constructs research by involving an impressive source complex, thus demonstrating that a work of art is both an actor involved in society. Combining the analysis of these two works in one text makes it possible to see how Bredekamp's theory can be applied to the specific source material.
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Arumugam, Manikandan, Sudharshini Jayaraman, Arun Sridhar, Vignesh Venkatasamy, Paul B. Brown, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias und Thirumurugan Ramasamy. „Recent Advances in Tilapia Production for Sustainable Developments in Indian Aquaculture and Its Economic Benefits“. Fishes 8, Nr. 4 (24.03.2023): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8040176.
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Tilapia is a widely cultured species native to Africa; these fish are prolific breeders and constitute an economically important fish species supplying higher-quality protein. To meet the global food demand and achieve the UN’s Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDG), the aquaculture industry has conceived of productive solutions with the potential for adaptability, palatability, and profitability. Tilapia may play a vital role with respect to the possibility for sustainability in the nutrition and aquaculture sectors. India contributes to the promotion of aquacultural practices through a structural framework focused on agricultural, environmental, geographical, and socio-economic factors that provide opportunities for tilapia farming. Globally, the Indian aquaculture sector is currently the second largest in terms of aquacultural production but is moving toward different species that meet SDG and facilitate international marketing opportunities. The farming of aquacultural species with innovative technology constitutes an efficient use of resources. Productive research on feeding, disease management, construction, and layout helps overcome the challenges faced in aquaculture. These focused and sustained factors of the aquaculture industry offer a latent contribution to global food security. This review reports on the state of the art, the challenges regarding tilapia aquaculture in India, and the Indian government’s schemes, missions, subsidies, projects and funding related to tilapia production.
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Marjanić, Suzana. „Od devedesetih: aktivističke i artivističke prakse – hrvatski slučaj“. Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne, Nr. 17 (06.11.2019): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pss.2019.17.6.
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The article documents the relation of performance art, actions, interventions, happenings, and the democracy of capital for the ruling power through double optics. The first optics constitutes a niche within which art is treated as a crime, as in the case of e.g. the individual guerrilla action Black Peristyle (Crni Peristil) from 1998, the author of which was summoned for interrogation at the Department for Terrorism and War Crimes.The second optics constitutes a niche within the framework of which art engagingly views what is political, what is criminal, what is taking place in this Balkan planetarium of ours – thus demonstrating that personal is (indeed) political – on the example of the independent scene on the one hand (Močvara Club and ATTACK!; I only address the independent scene of Zagreb on this occasion), but also the concept of “Green Democracy” (whereby I used the syntagma by Vandana Shiva) on the example of the activist practice of Animal Friends, as well as the examples of the artistic practice of multimedia artist Ivan Mesek, who also sought to indicate the suffering of animals on the barbed wire (Hungarian-Croatian and Slovenian-Croatian borders). With the aforementioned examples from the niche of animal rights, I sought to document the refugee crisis on the Balkan Route through the optics of equalising speciesism (species-based discrimination) and racism.
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IVIE, MICHAEL A. „Additions and corrections to Borowski and Węgrzynowicz’s world catalogue of Bostrichidae (Coleoptera)“. Zootaxa 2498, Nr. 1 (08.06.2010): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2498.1.2.
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Nomenclatural additions to, and corrections necessitated by the publication of, Borowski and Węgrzynowicz’ (2007) recently published “World Catalogue of [the] Bostrichidae” are presented. The type species of Bostrychopsis Lesne, 1899 is designated under ICZN Art. 70.3 as Bostrychopsis villosula Lesne, 1905, which is the replacement name for the misidentified type species designation by Chûjô (1937) of Bostrychopsis cephalotes sensu Lesne 1899, not Olivier, 1790. Bostrychopsis Lesne, 1905 is removed from synonymy with Apate Fabricius. A neotype is designated for Bostrichus cephalotes Olivier, 1790 and Bostrichus cephalotes is made a junior synonym of Bostrichus cornutus Olivier 1790, removing it from synonymy with Apate congener Gerstäcker 1855, which is again considered a valid name. Dominikia Borowski and Węgrzynowicz, 2007 is synonymized with Bostrychopsis Lesne new synonymy. Lesne’s 1938b nomen nudum was validated as Amintinus Anonymous, 1939: 240 [type species Amintinus tenuis Lesne 1938b, by original designation]. Amintinus Borowski and Węgrzynowicz’ 2007: 16 (not Anonymous, 1939) [type species Amintinus aethiopicus Lesne 1938b, by original designation] is a new synonymy and junior homonym. Borowski and Węgrzynowicz’ 2007 invalid designation of Sinoxylon sericans LeConte as the type species of Dendrobiella Casey is corrected to Sinoxylon asperum LeConte under ICZN Art. 69.2. Neotypes are designated for Ligniperda tenebrans Pallas, 1772 and Apate hamatus Fabricius, 1787, based on male and female respectively of what is now known as Apate tenebrans (Pallas) new synonymy. Apate bicaudatus Say, 1824 is designated a nomen protectum relative to Apate aspericollis Germar, 1824 (nomen oblitum) and Apate serricollis Germar, 1824 (nomen oblitum), and recognized as the species also known as Amphicerus hamatus auctorum (not Fabricius) under the combination Amphicerus bicaudatus (Say). Schistoceros Lesne, 1899 is shown to be an unjustified replacement name for Amphicerus LeConte (not Amphiceras Gray) and therefore an objective synonym with the same type species. Its recognition as the name of a second subgenus of Amphicerus is invalid. Amphicerus is recognized with no valid subgenera. Dermestes muricatus Linnaeus, 1767 is declared a nomen oblitum relative to its synonym Bostrichus sexdentatus Olivier, 1790, which is likewise declared a nomen protectum, and recognized as Sinoxylon sexdentatum (Olivier). A neotype is designated for Dermestes muricatus Linnaeus, 1767, based on a specimen of what is now known as Sinoxylon sexdentatum (Olivier). Several additional minor corrections regarding first synonymization, type species designations, and correct type repositories are identified.
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Sumpor, Svjetlana. „“Utopian” and “Dystopian” in the Context of Visual Arts“. Život umjetnosti, Nr. 110 (Juli 2022): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31664/zu.2022.110.03.
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The paper explores the interdisciplinary trajectory of the terms "utopian" and "dystopian". It acknowledges the fact that "utopia" and "dystopia" are originally terms from literary theory that refer to specific literary genres. In the light of a recent crossover of the term "dystopian" into the vocabulary of art criticism (exhibition reviews and catalogues), as well as a current curatorial fashion of devising exhibitions on the basis of binary opposites of "utopian" and "dystopian", the paper aims to define the range of meanings, connotations and denotations of the terms "utopian" and "dystopian" in visual arts, by means of discussing the particular contexts in which they are used. The use of the term "dystopian" is discussed in the context of the following artists: Alexis Rockman, Michael Kerbow, Fabrice Monteiro, Kushal Tikle, Alice Tye, Jon Rafman, as well as in the context of Croatian artists Jasenko Rasol and Sebastijan Dračić. The term "utopian" is discussed in the context of theoretical discussions about avant-garde art, the socially engaged artistic actions of artists from the second half of the 20th century (in particular, Joseph Beuys), as well as in the context of Croatian art, specifically of Ivan Rabuzin's paintings. The paper argues that, though the terms "utopian" and "dystopian" are transmedia terms, their range of meaning differs in relation to a particular kind of art they refer to. During the approximately last one hundred years, the term "utopian" has been used in theoretical considerations as a means of describing art movements, practices and works. Sometimes it refers to a specific artistic principle, that is, an "impulse" or intention of art that implies a desire for social change through art; at other times, it refers to the visual aspect of an artwork, implying idealistic and/or idealising imagining and visualization. The term "dystopian" has been employed in the context of visual arts only recently, that is, approximately in the last ten years. It is used with the aim of describing a certain mood or atmosphere. It is usually related to the specific iconographical aspect of a work of art. Art works described as "dystopian" most often explore the themes of ecology, consumerism, oppressive social and political systems, power relations and inter-species dynamics. Both utopian and dystopian art is created as a critical response to social reality.
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Zhao, Peng, Zhen-Yu Li und Cheng-Kun Wang. „Wood Species Recognition Based on Visible and Near-Infrared Spectral Analysis Using Fuzzy Reasoning and Decision-Level Fusion“. Journal of Spectroscopy 2021 (22.07.2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6088435.
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A novel wood species spectral classification scheme is proposed based on a fuzzy rule classifier. The visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectral reflectance curve of a wood sample’s cross section was captured using a USB 2000-VIS-NIR spectrometer and a FLAME-NIR spectrometer. First, the wood spectral curve—with spectral bands of 376.64–779.84 nm and 950–1650 nm—was processed using the principal component analysis (PCA) dimension reduction algorithm. The wood spectral data were divided into two datasets, namely, training and testing sets. The training set was used to generate the membership functions and the initial fuzzy rule set, with the fuzzy rule being adjusted to supplement and refine the classification rules to form a perfect fuzzy rule set. Second, a fuzzy classifier was applied to the VIS and NIR bands. An improved decision-level fusion scheme based on the Dempster–Shafer (D-S) evidential theory was proposed to further improve the accuracy of wood species recognition. The test results using the testing set indicated that the overall recognition accuracy (ORA) of our scheme reached 94.76% for 50 wood species, which is superior to that of conventional classification algorithms and recent state-of-the-art wood species classification schemes. This method can rapidly achieve good recognition results, especially using small datasets, owing to its low computational time and space complexity.
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Rodriguez-Dominguez, Marco A., Dennis Konnerup, Hans Brix und Carlos A. Arias. „Constructed Wetlands in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review of Experiences during the Last Decade“. Water 12, Nr. 6 (18.06.2020): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061744.
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The review aims to report the state-of-the-art constructed wetlands (CW) in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region not limited to national and local conditions. The aim is with a broader view, to bring updated and sufficient information, to facilitate the use of the CW technology in the different countries of LAC. Thus, 520 experiences extracted from the 169 reviewed documents in 20 countries were analyzed. According to the data, horizontal subsurface flow wetlands are the most reported CW in the region (62%), the second most common CW technology in the region is free water surface CW (17%), then vertical flow systems (9%), followed by intensified constructed wetlands (8%), and finally French systems (4%). The performance for nutrient removal is analyzed, finding that the mean of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorous (TP) removal efficiencies varies from 65% to 83%, 55% to 72%, and 30% to 84%, respectively. The results suggest a generally good performance for COD and TN removal, but a low performance for TP removal. Regarding plant species used for CWs, 114 different plant species were reported, being until now the most extensive report about plant species used in CWs in the LAC region.
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Poorter, Hendrik, Fabio Fiorani, Mark Stitt, Uli Schurr, Alex Finck, Yves Gibon, Björn Usadel et al. „The art of growing plants for experimental purposes: a practical guide for the plant biologist“. Functional Plant Biology 39, Nr. 11 (2012): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp12028.
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Every year thousands of experiments are conducted using plants grown under more-or-less controlled environmental conditions. The aim of many such experiments is to compare the phenotype of different species or genotypes in a specific environment, or to study plant performance under a range of suboptimal conditions. Our paper aims to bring together the minimum knowledge necessary for a plant biologist to set up such experiments and apply the environmental conditions that are appropriate to answer the questions of interest. We first focus on the basic choices that have to be made with regard to the experimental setup (e.g. where are the plants grown; what rooting medium; what pot size). Second, we present practical considerations concerning the number of plants that have to be analysed considering the variability in plant material and the required precision. Third, we discuss eight of the most important environmental factors for plant growth (light quantity, light quality, CO2, nutrients, air humidity, water, temperature and salinity); what critical issues should be taken into account to ensure proper growth conditions in controlled environments and which specific aspects need attention if plants are challenged with a certain a-biotic stress factor. Finally, we propose a simple checklist that could be used for tracking and reporting experimental conditions.
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Chen, Jing, und Jia Huang. „A novel network aligner for the analysis of multiple protein-protein interaction networks“. Computer Science and Information Systems, Nr. 00 (2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis200909030c.
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The analysis of protein-protein interaction networks can transfer the knowledge of well-studied biological functions to functions that are not yet adequately investigated by constructing networks and extracting similar network structures in different species. Multiple network alignment can be used to find similar regions among multiple networks. In this paper, we introduce Accurate Combined Clustering Multiple Network Alignment (ACCMNA), which is a new and accurate multiple network alignment algorithm. It uses both topology and sequence similarity information. First, the importance of all the nodes is calculated according to the network structures. Second, the seed-and-extend framework is used to conduct an iterative search. In each iteration, a clustering method is combined to generate the alignment. Extensive experimental results show that ACCMNA outperformed the state-of-the-art algorithms in producing functionally consistent and topological conservation alignments within an acceptable running time.
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Gomes, Jacó C., und Díbio L. Borges. „Insect Pest Image Recognition: A Few-Shot Machine Learning Approach including Maturity Stages Classification“. Agronomy 12, Nr. 8 (22.07.2022): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081733.
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Recognizing insect pests using images is an important and challenging research issue. A correct species classification will help choosing a more proper mitigation strategy regarding crop management, but designing an automated solution is also difficult due to the high similarity between species at similar maturity stages. This research proposes a solution to this problem using a few-shot learning approach. First, a novel insect data set based on curated images from IP102 is presented. The IP-FSL data set is composed of 97 classes of adult insect images, and 45 classes of early stages, totalling 6817 images. Second, a few-shot prototypical network is proposed based on a comparison with other state-of-art models and further divergence analysis. Experiments were conducted separating the adult classes and the early stages into different groups. The best results achieved an accuracy of 86.33% for the adults, and 87.91% for early stages, both using a Kullback–Leibler divergence measure. These results are promising regarding a crop scenario where the more significant pests are few and it is important to detect them at earlier stages. Further research directions would be in evaluating a similar approach in particular crop ecosystems, and testing cross-domains.
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Zotkina, Lydia, Kseniya Kolobova, Roman Davydov, Sergey Sutugin und Dmitriy Malikov. „Approaches to Taxonomic Determination of Animal Images (Based on Siberian Petroglyphs)“. Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, Nr. 2 (25.04.2023): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp232143153.
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The article discusses the possibilities of taxonomic determinations of zoomorphic rock representations and the significance of these data for further interpretations, indirect dating and other scientific tasks. In addition to the applied method of zoomorphological description on the depicted animal’s exterior features, two approaches to the analysis of proportions have been proposed. The first basic-zoological approach is focused on the animal as a biological object and describes the ratio of animal body measurements according to the zoological standard of body measurements of large mammals. The second comparative-zoological approach requires the selection of proportions that are significant for each particular species, based on the morphological features of the animal exterior features. Both approaches have been tested on a sample of 30 petroglyphs from the rock art sites Kalbak-Tash I and Shalabolino, representing images of wild boars and bears. The obtained data on the proportions were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA), which allowed to verify the degree of differentiation between the images of the two selected species. As a result, we conclude that the comparative-zoological approach as a tool aimed at distinguishing the most significant features for taxonomic definitions of rock images is expedient.
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Zhao, Wenting, Shufeng Kong, Junwen Bai, Daniel Fink und Carla Gomes. „HOT-VAE: Learning High-Order Label Correlation for Multi-Label Classification via Attention-Based Variational Autoencoders“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, Nr. 17 (18.05.2021): 15016–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i17.17762.
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Understanding how environmental characteristics affect biodiversity patterns, from individual species to communities of species, is critical for mitigating effects of global change. A central goal for conservation planning and monitoring is the ability to accurately predict the occurrence of species communities and how these communities change over space and time. This in turn leads to a challenging and long-standing problem in the field of computer science - how to perform accurate multi-label classification with hundreds of labels? The key challenge of this problem is its exponential-sized output space with regards to the number of labels to be predicted. Therefore, it is essential to facilitate the learning process by exploiting correlations (or dependency) among labels. Previous methods mostly focus on modelling the correlation on label pairs; however, complex relations between real-world objects often go beyond second order. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for multi-label classification, High-order Tie-in Variational Autoencoder (HOT-VAE), which performs adaptive high-order label correlation learning. We experimentally verify that our model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches on a bird distribution dataset on both conventional F1 scores and a variety of ecological metrics. To show our method is general, we also perform empirical analysis on seven other public real-world datasets in several application domains, and Hot-VAE exhibits superior performance to previous methods.
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Phillips, Jessica. „Proximities and Cross-Species Empathies in Laura Jean McKay's The Animals in That Country“. Narrative 31, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2023): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nar.2023.a908401.
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ABSTRACT: This essay asks: what is the value of cross-species empathy in a time of ecological crisis and how can contemporary fiction help along new thinking about human relationships with other animals? I make the case that empathy, in the dominant sense, fetishizes closeness. Empathy has become positive and valuable because it is said to narrow the distance between self and others. I develop the idea that the dominant view of empathy gives limited consideration to how degrees and kinds of difference complicate this view, while disregarding the enduring presence of other animals in scientific and philosophical treatments of empathy. In my close reading, I examine a concept routinely connected to empathy in existing scholarship: proximity. I investigate how different kinds of proximities manifest and complicate empathies between humans and other animals in Laura Jean's 2020 novel, The Animals in That Country . My methodology differs from traditional treatments of empathy in Literary Studies in two significant ways. First, I do not define cross-species empathy upfront, but look to McKay's text to produce new ways of thinking about empathy through the different kinds of proximities (spatial, linguistic, geographical, species) that unfold. And second, I do not examine how a reader's empathy for humans or other animals is encouraged or stifled by the text. Rather, I view McKay's text, as an art form and a critical tool, as David Herman instructs, "for reconsidering—for critiquing or reaffirming, dismantling, or reconstructing" what cross-species can be and do in the here and now.
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Schmidt, Jeremy J. „Glacial Deaths, Geologic Extinction“. Environmental Humanities 13, Nr. 2 (01.11.2021): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-9320156.
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Abstract In 2019 several funerals were held for glaciers. If enough glaciers die, could they go extinct? Is there geologic extinction? Yes. This article develops three arguments to support this claim. The first revisits Georges Cuvier’s original argument for extinction and its reliance on geology, especially glaciers. Retracing connections to glaciers and the narrowing of extinction to biological species in the nineteenth century, the author argues that anthropogenic forcing on how the Earth system functions—the Anthropocene—warrants rethinking extinction geologically. The second argument examines the specificity of ice loss and multiple practices responding to this loss: from art exhibits at United Nations climate change meetings to anticolonial claims for the right to be cold. The third argument consolidates a theme built across the article regarding how Isabelle Stengers’s notion of ecologies of practices provides an approach to geologic extinction that recognizes both relational and nonrelational loss.
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CONTI, FABIO, LAURA GUGLIELMONE, RICCARDO PENNESI und FABRIZIO BARTOLUCCI. „Typification of the name Astragalus vulnerarioides, basionym of Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. vulnerarioides (Fabaceae), and notes on its distribution“. Phytotaxa 261, Nr. 3 (20.05.2016): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.12.
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Astragalus vulnerarioides Allioni (1785a: 343) was first described from Mt. Cenis, between the Cottian and Graian Alps (western Alps, France), probably based on herbarium specimens collected by Allioni. The author cited two illustrations in the protologue, which are consequently original material for the name (Art. 9.3 of the ICN, McNeill et al. 2012). The illustrations were drawn by F. Peyrolery. The first was published in the third volume of Flora Pedemontana (T. XIX, Fig. 2, Allioni 1785b), while the second is an unpublished illustration from the Iconographia Taurinensis (Vol. XV, T. 79, Fig. 2, 1765), a collection of watercolours from the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries, housed in the Library of the Department of Plant Biology of the University of Torino (Forneris 2008). Both these illustrations match Allioni’s’ diagnosis, were cited in the protologue and correspond to the current concept of the species.
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Iamonico, Duilio, und Maurizio Bovio. „Studies on the genus Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) in Italy VII. Atriplex micrantha and A. oblongifolia“. Hacquetia 22, Nr. 1 (07.02.2023): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2022-0010.
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Abstract A population of Atriplex micrantha subsp. micrantha was found in Valle d’Aosta region representing the first north-western Italian record and the second one at national level. The newly found population (about 100 individuals) covers an area of about 200 m2, and grows on uncultivated and saline lands at 950 m. Despite the inland locality (the species naturally grows in saline places), its occurrence is probably linked to the use of salt-spreading vehicles. Concerning A. oblongifolia, only one Italian record was published up to now (in 1898 in Emilia-Romagna region) but neither any herbarium specimen was traced nor plants were discovered after field surveys. Finally, we studied in detail the types of A. micrantha subsp. micrantha, A. oblongifolia, and A. heterosperma. Lectotypes were designated for A. micrantha and A. oblongifolia (Ledebour’s and Waldstein & Kitaibel’s illustrations), whereas we correct Schwarz’s typification for A. heterosperma (Art. 9.10 ICN).
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Katagiri, Tomoyuki, Lars Söderström, Anders Hagborg und Matt Von Konrat. „Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 63. Validation of the family Phyllothalliaceae (Pallaviciniales, Jungermanniopsida, Marchantiophyta)“. Phytotaxa 183, Nr. 4 (24.10.2014): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.183.4.12.
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When Hodgson (1964) proposed the new family Phyllothalliaceae together with the initially monotypic genus Phyllothallia Hodgson (1964: 247) based on Phyllothallia nivicola Hodgson (1964: 247), she mentioned “This new family is not a splinter entity from any already recognized family, but is originated to contain a genus which in vegetative characters at least is completely different from any known genus. The characters of the family are those of the genus”. The first sentence specifies the features in which Phyllothalliaceae is different from the other families but not how these features differ and so it does not satisfy the requirement of Art. 38.1(a) for a description/diagnosis (see: Art. 38. 2. Ex. 4). Although Grolle (1972: 216) discussed the validity of the family and considered the second sentence fulfil the requirements for the valid publication, ICN (McNeill et al. 2012) allows a single description/diagnosis for monotypic genus and species only. Hence, the family Phyllothalliaceae lacked a description/diagnosis which was needed when proposed and it has never been validly published until now. In order to be able to use the name in the forthcoming world checklist of Hornworts and Liverworts (Söderström et al., in prep.), the family is validated here. Note that a Latin description is no longer needed under the current ICN (McNeill et al. 2012).
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Offerhaus, A., E. de Haas, H. Porck, A. Kardinaal, R. Ek, O. Pokorni und T. van Andel. „The Zierikzee Herbarium: contents and origins of an enigmatic 18th century herbarium“. Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 66, Nr. 1 (31.07.2021): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.01.01.
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The Municipal Museum of Zierikzee (The Netherlands) houses a loose-leafed herbarium containing 354 plant specimens, of which the provenance, age and maker were until recently unknown. By studying the plant specimens, paper, decorations and labels, an image was conveyed of an early 18th century herbarium that matched the description of a herbarium from the legacy of Jacob Ligtvoet (1684–1752), gardener in the Hortus botanicus of Leiden (The Netherlands) from 1703 till his death in 1752. This herbarium is one of the oldest garden herbaria of its kind and contains 306 unique species, of which 201 are currently native to the Netherlands. Exotic species come from the Mediterranean (81 spp.), South Africa (8), the Americas (10) and tropical Asia (7) and for the larger part from Europe and temperate Asia. Based on our comparison of names on the oldest labels, this collection of dried plants was probably started after publication of the first garden catalogue by the prefect of the Leiden hortus and professor of botany Herman Boerhaave (1710), but before the second edition in 1720. This historic herbarium reflects the state-of-the-art of botanical science and the international network of Dutch botanical gardens in the early 18th century.
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Agrillo, Christian, und Angelo Bisazza. „Understanding the origin of number sense: a review of fish studies“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, Nr. 1740 (Januar 2018): 20160511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0511.
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The ability to use quantitative information is thought to be adaptive in a wide range of ecological contexts. For nearly a century, the numerical abilities of mammals and birds have been extensively studied using a variety of approaches. However, in the last two decades, there has been increasing interest in investigating the numerical abilities of teleosts (i.e. a large group of ray-finned fish), mainly due to the practical advantages of using fish species as models in laboratory research. Here, we review the current state of the art in this field. In the first part, we highlight some potential ecological functions of numerical abilities in fish and summarize the existing literature that demonstrates numerical abilities in different fish species. In many cases, surprising similarities have been reported among the numerical performance of mammals, birds and fish, raising the question as to whether vertebrates' numerical systems have been inherited from a common ancestor. In the second part, we will focus on what we still need to investigate, specifically the research fields in which the use of fish would be particularly beneficial, such as the genetic bases of numerical abilities, the development of these abilities and the evolutionary foundation of vertebrate number sense. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The origins of numerical abilities’.
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Corrias, A., X. Jie, L. Romero, M. J. Bishop, M. Bernabeu, E. Pueyo und B. Rodriguez. „Arrhythmic risk biomarkers for the assessment of drug cardiotoxicity: from experiments to computer simulations“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, Nr. 1921 (28.06.2010): 3001–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0083.
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In this paper, we illustrate how advanced computational modelling and simulation can be used to investigate drug-induced effects on cardiac electrophysiology and on specific biomarkers of pro-arrhythmic risk. To do so, we first perform a thorough literature review of proposed arrhythmic risk biomarkers from the ionic to the electrocardiogram levels. The review highlights the variety of proposed biomarkers, the complexity of the mechanisms of drug-induced pro-arrhythmia and the existence of significant animal species differences in drug-induced effects on cardiac electrophysiology. Predicting drug-induced pro-arrhythmic risk solely using experiments is challenging both preclinically and clinically, as attested by the rise in the cost of releasing new compounds to the market. Computational modelling and simulation has significantly contributed to the understanding of cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias over the last 40 years. In the second part of this paper, we illustrate how state-of-the-art open source computational modelling and simulation tools can be used to simulate multi-scale effects of drug-induced ion channel block in ventricular electrophysiology at the cellular, tissue and whole ventricular levels for different animal species. We believe that the use of computational modelling and simulation in combination with experimental techniques could be a powerful tool for the assessment of drug safety pharmacology.
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Moreira, Leonardo Marmo, Fábio Vieira dos Santos, Juliana Pereira Lyon, Maira Maftoum-Costa, Cristina Pacheco-Soares und Newton Soares da Silva. „Photodynamic Therapy: Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines as Photosensitizers“. Australian Journal of Chemistry 61, Nr. 10 (2008): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08145.
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The present work is focussed on the principles of photodynamic therapy (PDT), emphasizing the photochemical mechanisms of reactive oxygen species formation and the consequent biochemical processes generated by the action of reactive oxygen species on various biological macromolecules and organelles. This paper also presents some of the most used photosensitizers, including Photofrin, and the new prototypes of photosensitizers, analysing their physicochemical and spectroscopic properties. At this point, the review discusses the therapeutic window of absorption of specific wavelengths involving first- and second-generation photosensitizers, as well as the principal light sources used in PDT. Additionally, the aggregation process, which consists in a phenomenon common to several photosensitizers, is studied. J-aggregates and H-aggregates are discussed, along with their spectroscopic effects. Most photosensitizers have a significant hydrophobic character; thus, the study of the types of aggregation in aqueous solvent is very relevant. Important aspects of the coordination chemistry of metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines used as photosensitizers are also discussed. The state-of-the-art in PDT is evaluated, discussing recent articles in this area. Furthermore, macrocyclic photosensitizers, such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines, are specifically described. The present review is an important contribution, because PDT is one of the most auspicious advances in the therapy against cancer and other non-malignant diseases.
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Di Fidio, Nicola, Filippo Minonne, Claudia Antonetti und Anna Maria Raspolli Galletti. „Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus: A Versatile Whole-Cell Biocatalyst for the Production of Single-Cell Oil from Agro-Industrial Wastes“. Catalysts 11, Nr. 11 (27.10.2021): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11111291.
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Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus is an oleaginous yeast with several favourable qualities: It is fast growing, accumulates high amounts of lipids and has a very broad substrate spectrum. Its resistance to hydrolysis by-products makes it a promising biocatalyst for custom tailored microbial oils. C. oleaginosus can accumulate up to 60 wt.% of its biomass as lipids. This species is able to grow by using several compounds as a substrate, such as acetic acid, biodiesel-derived glycerol, N-acetylglucosamine, lignocellulosic hydrolysates, wastepaper and other agro-industrial wastes. This review is focused on state-of-the-art innovative and sustainable biorefinery schemes involving this promising yeast and second- and third-generation biomasses. Moreover, this review offers a comprehensive and updated summary of process strategies, biomass pretreatments and fermentation conditions for enhancing lipid production by C. oleaginosus as a whole-cell biocatalyst. Finally, an overview of the main industrial applications of single-cell oil is reported together with future perspectives.
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MEDLIN, LINDA K., MARINA MONTRESOR, EDNA GRANELI, BEATRIX REUGERA, ROBIN RAINE, BENTE EDVARDSEN, JANE LEWIS, CHRIS ELLIOTT, YOLANDA PAZOS und LUCIE MARANDA. „MIDTAL (Microarrays for the Detection of Toxic Algae)“. Phytotaxa 127, Nr. 1 (29.08.2013): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.19.
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Microalgae in marine and brackish waters of Europe regularly cause harmful effects, considered from the human perspective, in that they cause economic damage to fisheries and tourism. Cyanobacteria cause similar problems in freshwaters. These episodes encompass a broad range of phenomena collectively referred to as harmful algal blooms (HABs). For adequate management of these phenomena, monitoring of microalgae is required. However, present day monitoring is time consuming and based on morphology as determined by light microscopy, which may be insufficient to give definitive species and toxin attribution. In the European Union (EU) FP7 project MIDTAL (microarrays for the detection of toxic algae), we will first target rapid species identification using rRNA genes. The variable regions of the rRNA genes can be used for probe design to recognize species or even strains. Second, a toxin based microarray will be developed that includes antibody reactions to specific toxins produced by these microalgae because even when cell numbers are low, toxins can be present and can accumulate in the shellfish. Microarrays are the state of the art technology in molecular biology for the processing of bulk samples for detection of target RNA/DNA sequence. Existing rRNA probes and antibodies for toxic algal species/strains and their toxins will be adapted and optimized for microarray use. The purpose of MIDTAL is to support the common fisheries policy and to aid the national monitoring agencies by providing new rapid tools for the identification of toxic algae and their toxins so they can comply with EU directive 91/1491/CEE to monitor for toxic algae, and reduce the need for the mouse bioassay.
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D'Oro, Giuseppina. „Beauties of Nature and Beauties of Art: On Kant and Hegel's Aesthetics“. Hegel Bulletin 17, Nr. 01 (1996): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200003165.
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This paper is an attempt to sketch the general framework of Kant and Hegel's Aesthetics, which are dealt respectively in sections I and II. The first section considers Kant's stated aims in the introduction to the Critique of Judgment, his location of judgments of taste within the problematic of reflective judgment, his treatment of reflective aesthetic judgments in the analytic of the beautiful and the distinction between objective reality and subjective universal validity. The second section provides a sketch of Hegel's division of artistic beauty into symbolic, classical and romantic art in the attempt to explain how Hegel's restriction of the subject matter of aesthetics to fine art, may shed light on his critique of Kantian ‘subjectivism’. Kant's discussion of aesthetics is located within the problematic of reflective judgment in general, that is, within a discussion of the suitability of nature for cognition. Reflective judgments are first contrasted with determinant judgments and then divided into two kinds, aesthetic and teleological. The distinction between aesthetic and teleological reflection, captures the distinction between a kind of pleasure which arises from the conformity or harmony of imagination and the understanding, and a kind of pleasure which arises from the conformity or harmony of the understanding with reason. The fact that pleasure arises in reflective judgments in general, and is not an exclusive feature of aesthetic reflection, is not transparent from Kant's introduction, but is suggested by the claim that although the acknowledgment that the various empirical laws of nature are amenable to systematic categorization, no longer gives rise to pleasure, this is simply due to the fact that the repeated experience of the systematic unity of empirical laws, is no longer an occasion for surprise: It is true that we no longer notice any decided pleasure in the comprehensibility of nature, or in the unity of its divisions into genera and species, without which the empirical concepts, that afford us our knowledge of nature in its particular laws, would not be possible. Still it is certain that the pleasure appeared in due course, and only by reason of the most ordinary experience being impossible without it, has it become gradually fused with simple cognition, and no longer arrests particular attention.
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Kokhanovsky, V. M., M. M. Barna, L. S. Barna und T. I. Melnyk. „МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ДЕКОРАТИВНОСТІ ДЕРЕВНИХ РОСЛИН ВІДДІЛУ PINOРHYTA ЗА СУКУПНІСТЮ МОРФОЛОГІЧНИХ ОЗНАК ТА ОЗНАК ЖИТТЄЗДАТНОСТІ“. Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 79, Nr. 1-2 (06.06.2020): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.20.1-2.3.
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A new methodology for determination of the ornamental value of woody plants of the Pinoрhyta division is developed. According to their decorative features, gymnosperms may be divided into two groups: the group of morphological features directly forming the decorativeness of coniferous plants and the group of features which indirectly influences the decorativeness of plants. The first group includes seven characteristics: architectonics of the stem and crown, crown shape, length of kweenie crown, color of the needles, a profusion of discoverproven, cones color, the aroma of pine needles and cones. To the second group belong: winter hardiness, frost resistance and damaging of the coniferous plants.
The 5-point scale has been developed for each of the ten characteristics of ornamental conifers. The total sum of which determines the degree of decoration of the species of Pinoрhyta division.
In ontogeny of conifers by the example of Picea abies (L.) Karst., landscape architecture, design and the art of gardening can fully satisfy the morphological condition of the coniferous at the early, young and middle-aged generative stages. In this period the viability of individual species as its external condition (external view), as a rule, aesthetically and emotionally sublime positively perceived by the majority of passers-by or observers. These stages of ontogenesis conifers are characterized by rather high or even maximum decorative value.
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Bothwell, Tobias. „Prospective Optical Lattice Clocks in Neutral Atoms with Hyperfine Structure“. Atoms 12, Nr. 3 (05.03.2024): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms12030014.
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Optical lattice clocks combine the accuracy and stability required for next-generation frequency standards. At the heart of these clocks are carefully engineered optical lattices tuned to a wavelength where the differential AC Stark shift between ground and excited states vanishes—the so called ‘magic’ wavelength. To date, only alkaline-earth-like atoms utilizing clock transitions with total electronic angular momentum J=0 have successfully realized these magic wavelength optical lattices at the level necessary for state-of-the-art clock operation. In this article, we discuss two additional types of clock transitions utilizing states with J≠0, leveraging hyperfine structure to satisfy the necessary requirements for controlling lattice-induced light shifts. We propose realizing (i) clock transitions between same-parity clock states with total angular momentum F=0 and (ii) M1/E2 clock transitions between a state with F=0 and a second state with J=1/2, mF=0. We present atomic species which fulfill these requirements before giving a detailed discussion of both manganese and copper, demonstrating how these transitions provide the necessary suppression of fine structure-induced vector and tensor lattice light shifts for clock operations. Such realization of alternative optical lattice clocks promises to provide a rich variety of new atomic species for neutral atom clock operation, with applications from many-body physics to searches for new physics.