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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Scrubland“

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Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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1

Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., und Laura Pañinao-Monsálvez. „First record of giant Beelzebub bee-eater Mallophora leschenaulti (Diptera: Asilidae) in Chile“. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 79, Nr. 4 (28.12.2020): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25085/rsea.790410.

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In this note we report the presence of Beelzebub bee-eater fly Mallophora leschenaulti Macquart, 1938 (Diptera: Asilidae) from northern Chile. A female was collected from highland scrublands in Chapiquiña town, Arica y Parinacota region. In addition, two females are reported from Lluta valley near Peru border. This is the second Mallophora species registered in Chile, distributed in scrubland and cropland ecosystems. We discuss some native carpenter bees and bumblebees as potential preys

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Fanelli, Giuliano, Fabio Attorre, Matteo Del Giudice, Ermelinda Gjeta und Michele De Sanctis. „Phlomis fruticosa scrublands in the central Mediterranean region: syntaxonomy and ecology“. Phytocoenologia 45, Nr. 1 (01.07.2015): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2015/0041.

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Phlomis fruticosa is a weakly lignified shrub which colonizes large expanses in Albania and Greece in overgrazed areas, and is also present throughout the northern Mediterranean region from Italy to Cyprus. It is characteristic for species-rich vegetation, with up to 65 species on 50 m2. We assembled a dataset of 129 original and published relevés and analyzed the floristic variability and the ecology of vegetation containing Phlomis fruticosa in the central Mediterranean region. We floristically and ecologically differentiated three previously described associations: a) the Salvio fruticosae-Phlomidetum fruticosae, distributed in Sicily, is characterized by high species richness of nano-phanerophytes, and is restricted to the warmest and more oceanic part of the range of P. fruticosa; b) the Sideritido italicae-Phlomidetum fruticosae is characterized by high chamaephyte richness, and occurs in cooler, relatively oceanic areas; c) the Allio pulchelli-Phlomidetum fruticosae is very rich in therophytic species and occupies the drier, more continental part of the distribution area of P. fruticosa. The vegetation syntaxa of the P. fruticosa scrubland belong to two structural types: a relatively low scrubland with a poorly developed herb layer on limestone boulders, and a taller, more open scrubland with a rich herb layer that grows in pastures and abandoned fields. Our results suggest that scree and boulders is the primary habitat of low-growing P. fruticosa scrublands (first structural type), from which the species colonized overgrazed areas and abandoned fields, after humans cleared the primeval Mediterranean forest.

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Bustamar, A., Juniarti, O. Emalinda, Gusnidar und D. Fiantis. „Assessing soil organic carbon stock under different land-uses in Koto XI Tarusan District, West Sumatra“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1160, Nr. 1 (01.04.2023): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1160/1/012033.

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Abstract Organic carbon in soil can be utilized to assess soil quality and aid to climate change mitigation. Soil organic carbon stock assessment in West Sumatra is still limited. This research focused on soil organic carbon stock distribution in various land-uses in Duku, Koto XI Tarusan, Pesisir Selatan Regency. Research area included secondary forest, scrubland, paddy field, and dryland agriculture. Soil samples were obtained by stratified sampling. Samples were taken at depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm from each land-use type with the same slope and soil type. A soil unit polygon was randomly selected for sampling. 21 samples were collected and analyzed for bulk density, texture, soil respiration, total nitrogen content, and organic carbon. Secondary forest had the highest soil organic carbon storage (128.82 - 294.09 tons per hectare), followed by paddy fields (16.99 - 227.14 tons per hectare), dryland agriculture (10.40 - 65.43 tons per hectare), and scrubland (13.39 - 53.19 tons per hectare). Nitrogen content was higher in secondary forest>paddy soil>scrubland>dry land. Bulk density was found to be higher in scrubland than in dry land, paddy soils, and secondary forest. Soil pH was greater in paddy soil>scrubland>dryland>forest.

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Barrantes Barrantes, Edwin Alberto, und Víctor Hugo Méndez Estrada. „Wealth of water resources and its relation to vegetation cover in the Forest Reserve Greece, Alajuela, Costa Rica.“ UNED Research Journal 8, Nr. 1 (10.06.2016): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v8i1.1215.

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Ecosystems provide various environmental services such as key recharge and ow of the water resource, but they can be damaged by human activity. Understanding vegetation cover allows administrators to predict the effects of such changes on groundwater and the actions needed in ad- ministration. Grecia Forest Reserve is a 2000-hectare zone in Costa Rica that affects eleven settlements in the region. There we measured vegetation cover and water volume in all water springs (N=70). We identified four vegetation groups: secondary forest, scrubland, pasture and pine forest; and an overall mean ow of 1,12 l/s/ha. Most water springs were found in secondary forest, which had the highest vegetation cover; however, scrublands had higher flows.

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Prawito, Priyono, Impetus Hasada Windu Sitorus, Zainal Muktamar, Bandi Hermawan und Welly Herman. „Soil Properties Variability Under Various Agroecosystems In Ultisols Of Bengkulu“. TERRA : Journal of Land Restoration 4, Nr. 2 (18.12.2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/terra.4.2.53-59.

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Understanding the relation of agroecosystem types, ages, and soil properties are vital in maintaining good quality soil. This study aims to explore the variation of selected soil properties with agroecosystem types and ages. The research has been conducted in North Bengkulu, Indonesia. Soil properties on agroecosystems of 5-yr, 10-yr, 15-yr oil palm plantation, 5-yr, 10-yr, 15-yr rubber plantation, food cropland, and scrubland were evaluated. The study found that soil in oil palm and rubber plantations of any age have a similar texture, bulk density (BD), and actual soil moisture (ASM). All plantation agroecosystems and scrubland have higher clay and lower silt content than that in food cropland. In addition, the scrubland has the highest ASM content among the agroecosystems. On the other hand, both agroecosystems enhances soil chemical properties than food cropland and scrubland as indicated by the improvement of organic-C, total-N, available P, exchangeable K and CEC of Ultisols. Older plantation also provides higher soil chemical improvement than younger one. This finding is significant for management of sub optimal soil mainly Ultisols for oil palm and rubber plantation.

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Román, J., G. Ruiz, M. Delibes und E. Revilla. „Factores ambientales condicionantes de la presenciade la lagartija de Carbonell Podarcis carbonelli (Pérez-Mellado, 1981) en la comarca de Doñana“. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 29, Nr. 1 (01.06.2006): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2006.29.0073.

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Environmental factors determining the presence of the Carbonell lizard Podarcis carbonelli (Pérez-Mellado, 1981) in the Doñana area The Carbonell lizard (Podarcis carbonelli) is an Iberian endemism. The region of Doñana is its southernmost and more isolated stronghold. We used logistic regressions to investigate the factors conditioning the presence of this lizard in Doñana. All selected models retained the distance to the coast as the main variable. This variable is related with less humidity and more continental climatic conditions, including more extreme temperatures, when further from the coast. This climatic factor was observed both spatially and temporarily, with adult lizards drastically reducing their activity both in winter and in summer. We observed juveniles from June to January, with a maximum in September. Scrubland management was another important environmental factor affecting the presence of lizards. The probability of finding this species was higher where the scrubland was partially cleared, and lower in areas with a high plant cover (hygrophytic scrubland) or in areas with sparse vegetation (dune scrubland), probably due to a lower amount of incident light and less protection when moving between refuges, respectively.

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Juárez-Pérez, Alicia, Alicia Melgoza-Castillo, Carmelo Pinedo-Álvarez und Eduardo Estrada-Castillón. „Classification of plant communities in Sierra Rica, Manuel Benavides, Chihuahua, Mexico“. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 13, Nr. 1 (23.07.2019): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v13.i1.842.

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Sierra Rica is a mountain island located in the plains of the northeastern region of the Chihuahua Desert and has a diversity of vegetation patterns. To study this patterns the vegetation was characterized using GIS and cluster analysis, which identified five community types: pine forest (780 ha), oak forest (1640 ha), grassland (550 ha), desert scrub (866 ha), and rosetophyllous desert scrubland (628 ha). By the use of TWINSPAN software, four main vegetation groups containing 10 main plant associations were identified: (1) Pinus-Quercus forest, (2) grassland, (3) pine forest, (4) Rhus-Juniperus, (5) Pinus-Quercus and xeric species, (6) grassland-desert scrub, (7) desert microphyll scrub, (8) Quercus-Aloysia-Bouteloua association, (9) Acacia constricta scrubland, and (10) Larrea tridentata scrubland. The association among groups and species was significant (P < 0.0001). The subsequent analysis shows a high dependence among species inside the main groups and independence between groups.

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Torre, Ignasi, Tomàs Pulido, Marc Vilella und Mario Díaz. „Mesocarnivore Distribution along Gradients of Anthropogenic Disturbance in Mediterranean Landscapes“. Diversity 14, Nr. 2 (14.02.2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14020133.

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Wildfires are important sources of landscape change in Mediterranean environments, creating large patches of low-growth natural habitats (i.e., scrublands) inside protected areas, whereas woodland patches remain mostly near well protected human settlements. Landscape patterns resulting from these gradients influence habitat suitability for mesocarnivores regarding food and shelter. In winter and summer 2019, we sampled 16 independent line-transects with four camera traps each (64 cameras overall), covering the main habitats of the study area (woodlands, scrublands, and crops). Cameras were baited to compensate for the low detectability of target species, and mesocarnivore contacts were analysed by means of GLMMs and occupancy models. Our results showed a positive and stronger association of wild species with woodland habitats, despite the low proportion of habitat available, higher presence of competitors (other mesocarnivores), and potential predators (human pets, i.e., dogs), and low natural prey availability than in scrubland (i.e., small mammals). However, mesocarnivores will find protection against predators and resting sites in forests as well as other food opportunities in crops and urban areas, despite the possible interference with humans and their pets. Potential cascading effects linked to ecological roles of Mediterranean mesocarnivores on the succession of Mediterranean landscapes would imply longer-term effects of human disturbance on landscape trends.

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Dupont, L. M., T. Caley, J. H. Kim, I. Castañeda, B. Malaizé und J. Giraudeau. „Glacial-interglacial vegetation dynamics in South Eastern Africa coupled to sea surface temperature variations in the Western Indian Ocean“. Climate of the Past 7, Nr. 4 (09.11.2011): 1209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1209-2011.

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Abstract. Glacial-interglacial fluctuations in the vegetation of South Africa might elucidate the climate system at the edge of the tropics between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. However, vegetation records covering a full glacial cycle have only been published from the eastern South Atlantic. We present a pollen record of the marine core MD96-2048 retrieved by the Marion Dufresne from the Indian Ocean ∼120 km south of the Limpopo River mouth. The sedimentation at the site is slow and continuous. The upper 6 m (spanning the past 342 Ka) have been analysed for pollen and spores at millennial resolution. The terrestrial pollen assemblages indicate that during interglacials, the vegetation of eastern South Africa and southern Mozambique largely consisted of evergreen and deciduous forests. During glacials open mountainous scrubland dominated. Montane forest with Podocarpus extended during humid periods was favoured by strong local insolation. Correlation with the sea surface temperature record of the same core indicates that the extension of mountainous scrubland primarily depends on sea surface temperatures of the Agulhas Current. Our record corroborates terrestrial evidence of the extension of open mountainous scrubland (including fynbos-like species of the high-altitude Grassland biome) for the last glacial as well as for other glacial periods of the past 300 Ka.

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Dupont, L. M., T. Caley, J. H. Kim, I. Castaneda, B. Malaizé und J. Giraudeau. „Glacial-interglacial vegetation dynamics in south eastern Africa depend on sea surface temperature variations in the west Indian Ocean“. Climate of the Past Discussions 7, Nr. 4 (06.07.2011): 2261–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-2261-2011.

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Abstract. Glacial-interglacial fluctuations in the vegetation of South Africa might elucidate the climate system at the edge of the tropics between Indian and Atlantic Ocean. However, vegetation records covering a full glacial cycle have only been published from the eastern South Atlantic. We present a pollen record of the marine core MD96-2048 retrieved by the Marion Dufresne from the Indian Ocean ~120 km south of the Limpopo River mouth. The sedimentation at the site is slow and continuous. The upper 6 m (down till 342 ka) have been analysed for pollen and spores at millennial resolution. The terrestrial pollen assemblages indicate that during interglacials the vegetation of eastern South Africa and southern Mozambique largely consisted of evergreen and deciduous forests. During glacials open mountainous scrubland dominated. Montane forest with Podocarpus extended during humid periods favoured by strong local insolation. Correlation with the sea surface temperature record of the same core indicates that the extension of mountainous scrubland primarily depends on sea surface temperatures of the Agulhas Current. Our record corroborates terrestrial evidence of the extension of open mountainous scrubland (including elements with affinity to the Cape Flora) for the last glacial as well as for other glacial periods of the past 300 ka.

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González-Morales, María, Mª Ángeles Rodríguez-González und Luis Fernández-Pozo. „Status of Ecosystem Services in Abandoned Mining Areas in the Iberian Peninsula: Management Proposal“. Toxics 11, Nr. 3 (17.03.2023): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030275.

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An abandoned sphalerite mining area in the southwest (SW) of the Iberian Peninsula was studied to evaluate the impact that the presence of metal(loid)s has on soil and ecosystem health. Five zones were delimited: sludge, dump, scrubland, riparian zone, and dehesa. Critical total levels of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), thallium (Tl), and chromium (Cr), well above the limit indicative of toxicity problems, were found in the areas close to the sources of contamination. Pb-Zn concentrations were very high in the riparian zone, reaching values of 5875 mg/kg Pb and 4570 mg/kg Zn. The whole area is classifiable as extremely contaminated with Tl, with concentrations above 370 mg/kg in the scrubland. Cr accumulation mainly occurred in areas away from the dump, with levels up to 240 mg/kg in the dehesa. In the study area, several plants were found growing luxuriantly despite the contamination. The measured metal(loid)s content is the cause of a significant decrease in ecosystem services, resulting in unsafe soils for food and water production, so the implementation of a decontamination program is advisable. The plant species Retama sphaerocarpa, present in the sludge, scrubland, riparian zone, and dehesa, is postulated as suitable for use in phytoremediation.

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Guerrero-Casado, José, und Ramón H. Zambrano. „The worrisome conservation status of ecosystems within the distribution range of the Spectacled Bear Tremarctos ornatus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ursidae) in Ecuador“. Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, Nr. 10 (26.07.2020): 16204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5517.12.10.16204-16209.

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The distribution range of Spectacled Bear in Ecuador has been strongly fragmented owing to human activities, thus studying the conservation status of the remaining patches in which this species inhabits is essential to ensure its conservation. We performed a descriptive analysis of the conservation status of the ecosystems that form part of the Spectacled Bear distribution range in Ecuador, using values of five indicators (fragmentation, connectivity, threat, vulnerability and fragility) provided by the Ecuadorian Ministry of Environment. Moreover, we compared the conservation status between scrubland & pastures and evergreen forest ecosystem according to the five indicators. Overall, the Spectacled Bear distribution in Ecuador is covered by a greater surface area of ecosystems classified with a medium level of fragmentation (58.8%), low connectivity (45.1%), high fragility (45.6%), high (38.2%) and medium threat (39.2%), as well as high (33.7%) and medium (33.1 %) vulnerability. Scrubland and pastures ecosystems had worse conservation status than evergreen forests, with 98% of their surface classified as having low or very low connectivity, 77.3% as high fragility and 77.4% as high threat. These results showed the worrisome conservation status of the ecosystems shaping the distribution range of Spectacled Bear in Ecuador, particularly the scrubland and pastures, and therefore, a wider national strategy (inside and outside the limits of the bear distribution range) should be applied to ensure the preservation of these ecosystems.

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CASTRO ANTUNES, João Henrique, und José Carlos Costa. „Novidades fitossociológicas do nordeste alentejano (Portugal)“. Acta Botanica Malacitana 36 (01.12.2011): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v36i1.2822.

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Phytosociological novelties of the Northeast Alentejo (Portugal) Palavras chave. Stauracanthus lusitanicus, Sedum marianum, matos, Ulici argentei-Cistion ladaniferi, Cicendion. Key words. Stauracanthus lusitanicus, Sedum marianum, scrubland, Ulici argentei-Cistion ladaniferi, Cicendion.

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Lozano, J. „Habitat use by European wildcats (Felis silvestris) in central Spain: what is the relative importance of forest variables?“ Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 33, Nr. 2 (2010): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2010.33.0143.

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Habitat preferences of wildcats are controversial. Although they are usually considered a forest species, alternative environments such as scrubland can be preferred. In this study we compared five habitat types in relation to wildcat occurrence. Sampling was carried out between 2001 and 2002 on a series of transects in search of wildcat scats to calculate an abundance index. Structural variables of landscape and rabbit abundance were also estimated and summarised as orthogonal factors using a principal component analysis (PCA). A priori contrasts showed that wildcats tended to be more abundant in areas with Mediterranean mountain vegetation, although agricultural steppes also provided suitable habitat. The forest variables were not included in the general linear model (GLM) obtained, indicating that wildcats are mainly associated with scrubland mosaics with rabbits in this region.

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RAM, SEWAK. „Watershed Prioritization based on LULC Characteristics using GIS and TOPSIS: A case of Chathe watershed“. Annals of Plant and Soil Research 24, Nr. 3 (01.08.2022): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10201.

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Watershed prioritization based on land use and land cover demonstrated the role of different features on possibilities of soil erosion. Sub-watershed prioritization is more crucial to restrict the soil erosion as well as loss of nutrients from the top soil. The study assigned the weight to various LULC features based on their role in soil erosion. Finally with the help of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), LULC-based prioritization index has been constructed and prioritized the seven sub-watersheds.Highest acreage of agricultural fallow land and barren scrubland with less amount of forest coverage in WS5 turns into more susceptible category compared to others, whereas lower acreage of barren scrubland, agricultural fallow land and cropland with higher coverage of forest in WS6 turns into lower susceptible category.

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RAM, SEWAK. „Watershed Prioritization based on LULC Characteristics using GIS and TOPSIS: A case of Chathe watershed“. Annals of Plant and Soil Research 24, Nr. 3 (01.08.2022): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2022.10201.

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Watershed prioritization based on land use and land cover demonstrated the role of different features on possibilities of soil erosion. Sub-watershed prioritization is more crucial to restrict the soil erosion as well as loss of nutrients from the top soil. The study assigned the weight to various LULC features based on their role in soil erosion. Finally with the help of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), LULC-based prioritization index has been constructed and prioritized the seven sub-watersheds.Highest acreage of agricultural fallow land and barren scrubland with less amount of forest coverage in WS5 turns into more susceptible category compared to others, whereas lower acreage of barren scrubland, agricultural fallow land and cropland with higher coverage of forest in WS6 turns into lower susceptible category.

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Coppins, Brain J., und William M. Malcolm. „A New Belonia From New Zealand and a Second Record of B. Mediterranea.“ Lichenologist 30, Nr. 06 (November 1998): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282992000550.

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AbstractBelonia pellucidasp. nov. is described from coastal scrubland in North Island, New Zealand. This is the third report of the genusBelonia(Gyalectales) from the Southern Hemisphere.Belonia mediterraneais reported for the second time, from Mallorca.

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Marfil, Carlos, Sacramento Moreno, L. Javier Palomo, Viviane Morlanes und M. Carmen Fernández. „Impacto de la gestión del hábitat sobre la comunidad de micromamíferos del Parque Nacional de Doñana (SO de España)“. Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy 21, NE (31.12.2009): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2009.ne.a17.

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Scrubland clearcutting forms one of main management techniques conducted in the Doñana National Park, and has the aim of creating open areas where rabbits can feed, as these animals are the basic prey of lynx and imperial eagle. This management measure has produced a deep change in scrubland structure, without its effect on other species characteristic of this habitat, such as small mammals, remains unknown. This study evaluated shrub removal by controlled burning on the micromammal community, and analysed its richness and temporal evolution in different environments. The study was conducted from the summer of 2006 to spring of 2007 using a capture-mark-recapture approach in 6 controlled burning plots (3 recents and 3 four years old) and in 3 control plots which were left untreated. Species richness was quite low, with only 4 species captured: Algerian mouse (Mus spretus), Wood Mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), Greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) and Garden dormouse (Eliomys quercinus). Abundance values were highly varied depending on the species, time of year and plot type. However, the most abundant species by far was Mus spretus. The comparison of the results obtained in the managed plots respect to the control ones, suggest that burning of scrub is a management technique that favours not only rabbit populations but also small mammals community, mainly due to edge effect caused by fire. The scrubland clearcutting would have to be realised of rotatory form and favoring the creation of zones of contact between both habitats.

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Coppins, Brain J., und William M. Malcolm. „A New Belonia From New Zealand and a Second Record of B. Mediterranea“. Lichenologist 30, Nr. 6 (November 1992): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1998.0168.

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AbstractBelonia pellucida sp. nov. is described from coastal scrubland in North Island, New Zealand. This is the third report of the genus Belonia(Gyalectales) from the Southern Hemisphere. Belonia mediterranea is reported for the second time, from Mallorca.

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Gomez-Naranjo, M. Vianey, M. Angel León-Tapia und Yolanda Hortelano-Moncada. „Mammals of the Tamaulipeco Thorny Scrubland, Northwestern Coahuila, Mexico“. Therya 8, Nr. 1 (30.01.2017): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-17-445.

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Mondal, I., V. K. Srivastava, P. S. Roy und G. Talukdar. „Using logit model to identify the drivers of landuse landcover change in the Lower Gangetic Basin, India“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (28.11.2014): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-853-2014.

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The Lower Gangetic Basin is one of the most highly populated areas of India, covering an area of 286,899 km<sup>2</sup> with a population density of 720 persons per km<sup>2</sup>. 64 % of the area is covered under agriculture which is supported by the highly fertile alluvial soil. Landuse and landcover (LULC) changes due to an ever increasing human population, natural disasters induced by climate change can alter agricultural productivity which in turn can affect the food security of the region. The current study found out the change in LULC over a span of 20 years (1985–2005), and identified the factors driving this change. LULC data was generated from geo-corrected satellite data of LANDSAT-MSS, IRS LISS-I and IRS LISS-III for pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons for the years 1985–86, 1994–95 and 2004–05 respectively, using onscreen visual interpretation at 1 : 250,000 scale. We used cross-tabulation matrix to investigate landuse and landcover transformation. The most significant transformation has been to built-up category, contributed by agricultural land (515 km<sup>2</sup>) and scrubland (53 km<sup>2</sup>). The other notable transformations are from agriculture to plantation (247 km<sup>2</sup>), fallow to scrubland (838 km<sup>2</sup>) and from water body to scrubland (407 km<sup>2</sup>). We generated change no-change matrix and analyzed it using logistic regression to investigate the drivers of LULC change. We identified availability of water for irrigation, literacy, sexratio and the availability of different sources of livelihoods, as the major drivers of LULC change in the Lower Gangetic Basin.

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Tolunay, Ahmet, Elif Adıyaman, Ayhan Akyol, Duygu İnce, Türkay Türkoğlu und Veysel Ayhan. „An Investigation on Forage Yield Capacity of Kermes Oak (Quercus cocciferaL.) and Grazing Planning of Mediterranean Maquis Scrublands for Traditional Goat Farming“. Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/398479.

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This study investigated grazing capacities of maquis scrubland and preparation principles of grazing management in forest resources. Kermes oak (Quercus cocciferaL.), which is widespread as a main shrub species in maquis vegetation in Turkey, and pure hair goats (Capra hircusL.) feeding on shoots and leaves of this shrub were selected for study. The study was conducted in two stages. Green leaf and shoot samples were taken from kermes oaks in the first stage and the amount of green herbage yield (g*m−1) and dry matter yield (kg*ha−1) that may be obtained per unit area from these samples was identified. The considered amount of dry matter consumed by pure hair goats daily and the number of goats being fed within 1 year on land of 1 ha according to different land coverage rates of kermes oaks (goat head*ha*yr) were calculated. In the second stage, grazing capacities of sample areas where kermes oak spread were identified and compared with the grazing plan prepared by the forestry administration for this area. Forage yield variance according to land coverage rates of maquis scrublands should be considered when determining optimum animal numbers for grazing per area for sustainable goat farming.

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Izhaki, I., und U. N. Safriel. „The Effect of Some Mediterranean Scrubland Frugivores Upon Germination Patterns“. Journal of Ecology 78, Nr. 1 (März 1990): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261036.

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Estruch, Carme, Petr Macek, Cristina Armas, Nuria Pistón und Francisco I. Pugnaire. „Species identity improves soil respiration predictions in a semiarid scrubland“. Geoderma 363 (April 2020): 114153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114153.

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Moreno, Sacramento, und M. Beatriz Kufner. „Seasonal patterns in the wood mouse population in Mediterranean scrubland“. Acta Theriologica 33 (12.08.1988): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.88-7.

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Thapa, Kanchan, Gokarna Jung Thapa, Ugan Manandhar, Maheshwar Dhakal, Shant Raj Jnawali und Tek Narayan Maraseni. „Carbonated tiger-high above-ground biomass carbon stock in protected areas and corridors and its observed negative relationship with tiger population density and occupancy in the Terai Arc Landscape, Nepal“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 1 (25.01.2023): e0280824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280824.

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Healthy natural forests maintain and/or enhances carbon stock while also providing potential habitat and an array of services to wildlife including large carnivores such as the tiger. This study is the first of its kind in assessing relationships between above-ground biomass carbon stock, tiger density and occupancy probability and its status in protected areas, corridors, and forest connectivity blocks. The dataset used to assess the relationship were: (1) Converged posterior tiger density estimates from camera trap data derived from Bayesian- Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture model from Chitwan National Park; (2) Site wise probability of tiger occupancy estimated across the Terai Arc Landscape and (3) Habitat wise above-ground biomass carbon stock estimated across the Terai Arc Landscape. Carbon stock maps were derived based on eight habitat classes and conservation units linking satellite (Landsat 7 ETM+) images and field collected sampling data. A significant negative relationship (r = -0.20, p<0.01) was observed between above-ground biomass carbon stock and tiger density in Chitwan National Park and with tiger occupancy (r = -0.24, p = 0.023) in the landscape. Within protected areas, we found highest mean above-ground biomass carbon stock in high density mixed forest (~223 tC/ha) and low in degraded scrubland (~73.2 tC/ha). Similarly, we found: (1) highest tiger density ~ 0.06 individuals per 0.33 km2 in the riverine forest and lowest estimates (~0.00) in degraded scrubland; and (2) predictive tiger density of 0.0135 individuals per 0.33 km2 is equivalent to mean total of 43.7 tC/ha in Chitwan National Park. Comparatively, we found similar above-ground biomass carbon stock among corridors, large forest connectivity blocks (~117 tC/ha), and within in tiger bearing protected areas (~119 tC/ha). Carbon conservation through forest restoration particularly in riverine habitats (forest and grassland) and low transitional state forests (degraded scrubland) provides immense opportunities to generate win-win solutions, sequester more carbon and maintain habitat integrity for tigers and other large predators.

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Labra, Antonieta, und Mario Rosenmann. „Comparative Diel Activity of Pristidactylus Lizards from Forest and Scrubland Habitats“. Journal of Herpetology 26, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1992): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565131.

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BREHME, CHERYL S., JEFF A. TRACEY, LEROY R. MCCLENAGHAN und ROBERT N. FISHER. „Permeability of Roads to Movement of Scrubland Lizards and Small Mammals“. Conservation Biology 27, Nr. 4 (14.06.2013): 710–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12081.

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Cardoso, Pedro, Sérgio S. Henriques, Clara Gaspar, Luis C. Crespo, Rui Carvalho, Jesper B. Schmidt, Pedro Sousa und Tamás Szűts. „Species richness and composition assessment of spiders in a Mediterranean scrubland“. Journal of Insect Conservation 13, Nr. 1 (11.10.2007): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-007-9116-3.

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Chavada, Pratikkumar, P. J. Bhatt, Bhagyashri V. Dangar, Kunjan Balai und Rajesh Raviya. „Land use change and their implications in Barda Sanctuary, Gujarat, India“. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, suppl (2024): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i01s.007.

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Barda Sanctuary is located between Porbandar and Devbhumi Dwarka district of Gujarat. This research deals with the land use pattern of Barda sanctuary, Gujarat. The data from the year 2020, 2021, and 2022 was downloaded from Sentinel-2 by the means of ESRI land cover explorer. All the downloaded data was processed in QGIS software. The results indicate 2.3687 km2 increase in scrubland and 2.3092 km2 decrease in trees. Increase of

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Alessi, Nicola, Camilla Wellstein, Duccio Rocchini, Gabriele Midolo, Klaus Oeggl und Stefan Zerbe. „Surface Tradeoffs and Elevational Shifts at the Largest Italian Glacier: A Thirty-Years Time Series of Remotely-Sensed Images“. Remote Sensing 13, Nr. 1 (03.01.2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010134.

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Biodiversity loss occurring in mountain ecosystems calls for integrative approaches to improve monitoring processes in the face of human-induced changes. With a combination of vegetation and remotely-sensed time series data, we quantitatively identify the responses of land-cover types and their associated vegetation between 1987 and 2016. Fuzzy clustering of 11 Landsat images was used to identify main land-cover types. Vegetation belts corresponding to such land-cover types were identified by using species indicator analysis performed on 80 vegetation plots. A post-classification evaluation of trends, magnitude, and elevational shifts was done using fuzzy membership values as a proxy of the occupied surfaces by land-cover types. Our findings show that forests and scrublands expanded upward as much as the glacier retreated, i.e., by 24% and 23% since 1987, respectively. While lower alpine grassland shifted upward, the upper alpine grassland lost 10% of its originally occupied surface showing no elevational shift. Moreover, an increase of suitable sites for the expansion of the subnival vegetation belt has been observed, due to the increasing availability of new ice-free areas. The consistent findings suggest a general expansion of forest and scrubland to the detriment of alpine grasslands, which in turn are shifting upwards or declining in area. In conclusion, alpine grasslands need urgent and appropriate monitoring processes ranging from the species to the landscape level that integrates remotely-sensed and field data.

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Martín, D., P. Campos, I. Cañellas und G. Montero. „Extended cost-benefit analysis of holm oak dehesa multiple use and cereal-grass rotations“. Forest Systems 10, Nr. 3 (01.12.2001): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/736.

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The historical formation of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) dehesa woodlands has often resulted in either rapid deforestation episodes by means of clear cuts or slower depletion of oak woodlands due to tree natural mortality and the absence of tree natural regeneration. Consequently, holm oak woodlands have been progressively converted into rough pasturelands, cereal croplands and scrublands. Whilst this tendency of holm oak exhaustion was not socially questioned, scientists and conservationists defending oak woodland conservation providing long run economic and environmental arguments were regarded as romantics ignoring the necessity for social progress and development. Today, these romantics are perceived as nature conservation pioneers and many of their arguments and concepts have been included in science and politics. This paper shows that cereal cropping and permanent grassland uses are more profitable to Extremadura’s landowners than holm oak artificial plantations and monitored holm oak natural regeneration. Increasing social demand for recreational and conservation services have been taken into account by Spanish and European public authorities. Along last decade, the European Union and the Spanish government have financed oak reforestation over extensive-use croplands of West and Southwest Spain, resulting in an unprecedented net increase in holm oak woodlands. The presented extended cost-benefit analysis shows that even after incorporating estimated income derived from public and private consumption of environmental services, uses associated to treeless cropland, pastureland and scrubland are still preferred to traditional extensive multiple use associated to dehesa holm oak woodlands.

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Banda-Leal, Javier, David Lazcano, Carlos Barriga-Vallejo und Manuel Nevárez-de los Reyes. „New records of Gerrhonotus parvus Knight & Scudday, 1985 (Squamata, Anguidae) in the state of Coahuila, México“. Check List 14, Nr. 3 (01.06.2018): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/14.3.523.

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We document the first records of Gerrhonotus parvus in the state of Coahuila, México. From March 2012 to March 2017, 6 males and 2 females were found in pine forest and submontane scrubland plant communities in the Sierra de Zapalinamé Natural Protected Area, which is located in the municipalities of Saltillo and Arteaga. These records extend the known distribution of the species 28–44 km west of the nearest occurrences in the state of Nuevo León.

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Torre, Ignasi, und Mario Díaz. „Assessing the Effects of Landscape Change on the Occupancy Dynamics of the Greater White-Toothed Shrew Crocidura russula“. Life 12, Nr. 8 (14.08.2022): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12081230.

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Land-use change is the main driver of biodiversity loss in the Mediterranean basin. New socio-economic conditions produced a rewilding process so that cultural landscapes are being invaded by more natural habitats. We analyze the effects of landscape change on the demography and the spatial distribution of Crocidura russula in six protected areas of the western Mediterranean basin. The study was conducted in the period 2008–2020 on 19 live trapping plots representing the three main natural habitats of the area (scrubland, pinewood, and holm oak woodland). We used a multiscale approach to ensure that the scale of response matched landscape structure (from plot to landscape) using either vegetation profiles (LiDAR) and land use data obtained from years 2007 and 2017. Statistical models (multiple-season single-species occupancy models) showed that C. russula populations were strongly associated to habitat features at the plot level. These models were used to predict occupancy at sampling units for the whole study area (850 km2), showing contrasting trends that shifted at relatively small spatial scales (expansions and retractions of species ranges). Parks showing extreme scrubland encroachment (−8% of area) and afforestation (+6%) significantly reduced habitat suitability for shrews and reductions in occupancy (−5%). Results would indicate faster changes in the spatial distribution of the target species than previously expected on the basis of climate change, driven by fast landscape changes.

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Tello-Balderas, J. Jesús, und Edmundo García-Moya. „El maguey (Agave, subgénero Agave) en el altiplano potosino-zacatecano“. Botanical Sciences, Nr. 48 (05.04.2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1350.

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This research deals with the taxonomy, geographical and ecological distribution, and the forms of utilization and available empirical knowledge of Agave spp., subgenus Agave, in San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas. The following taxa were found: wild species: Agave salmiana ssp. crassispina, A. scabra ssp. potosiensis, A. parrasana; semicultivated species: A. americana var. oaxacensis; cultivated species: A. mapisaga var. mapisaga, three forms of A. salmiana var. salmiana. A. salmiana ssp. crassispina is the most widely distributed and abundant. It is found from 1 800 to 2 400 m altitude, on igneous and sedimentary substrates, euthric Litosol, and it is an element of the cactus and desert scrubland. It is used to produce mezcal and for the preparation of the edible flowering stem (quiote) . It is the Agave most used as forage, and it is also utilized as construction material, as fuel, in soil conservation, as ornament and as hedge plant. A. mapisaga var. mapisaga and A . salmiana var. salmiana are cultivated principally to the NNW of the city of San Luis Potosí, at 1 880 m, on a deteriorated cactus scrubland. Aguamiel, pulque and honey are elaborated from the natural or fermented juice extracted from the meristem of the plant. There is considerable amount of empirical knowledge regarding the management of this resource. However due to several problems its current use is reduced.

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Bender, Louis C., und Jessica R. Piasecke. „Population Demographics and Dynamics of Colonizing Elk in a Desert Grassland–Scrubland“. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 1, Nr. 2 (01.11.2010): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/102009-jfwm-013.

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Abstract Elk Cervus elaphus are rare in Southwestern desert grassland and desert-scrub habitats, and these habitats are anecdotally considered unsuitable for elk. We studied a colonizing herd in a Southwestern desert grassland–scrubland in northwestern New Mexico to determine the condition and population dynamics of elk in this habitat type. We radiotracked ≤ 24 adult (1.5 y and older) cows and ≤ 8 calves annually, 2003–2006; the sample of radiocollared cows in this study was very close to a census of the entire population for 2004–2006 based on repeated surveys and monitoring. Mean body fat of lactating cows in autumn was 10.6–13.2% in 2003–2004, indicating that lactating elk were acquiring high moderate–low good nutrition, but dropped to 5.6% in 2005 and 6.8% in 2006, indicating poor nutrition for these years of low precipitation. We found adult female survival of 0.94–1.00 and calf survival of 0.38–1.00. Calf survival was related to maternal size, maternal condition, and cumulative annual precipitation through parturition; all calf mortality occurred at or near parturition. Pregnancy rates averaged 0.33 for yearling cows and 0.86 for ≥ 2.5-y-olds, 2003–2006, and pregnancy was positively related to body mass for ≥ 2.5-y-old adults. Lactation rates of ≥ 2.5-y-olds averaged 0.59, 2003–2005, but dropped to 0.30 in 2006, due to poor maternal condition and low precipitation. Since colonization, elk have increased from about 20 to ≥ 53 individuals, a mean rate of increase of 18%/y prior to 2006, but decreasing to ≤ 4% in 2006. The high sustained rate of increase (with few exceptions) indicates that desert grassland–scrubland habitats are suitable for elk and merit consideration in elk management plans of Southwestern agencies.

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Dunn, Archibald. „The exploitation and control of woodland and scrubland in the Byzantine world“. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 16, Nr. 1 (Januar 1992): 235–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030701392790204021.

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Blendinger, Pedro G. „Foraging behaviour of birds in an arid sand-dune scrubland in Argentina“. Emu - Austral Ornithology 105, Nr. 1 (März 2005): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu03050.

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Dunn, Archibald. „The exploitation and control of woodland and scrubland in the Byzantine world“. Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 16 (1992): 235–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307013100007631.

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A welcome and necessary aspect of the renewal of studies of the Byzantine economy has been the analysis, sometimes in both the technical and the broader organisational aspects, of the production and redistribution of particular goods.

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Kantsa, Aphrodite, Robert A. Raguso, Adrian G. Dyer, Stefanos P. Sgardelis, Jens M. Olesen und Theodora Petanidou. „Community-wide integration of floral colour and scent in a Mediterranean scrubland“. Nature Ecology & Evolution 1, Nr. 10 (04.09.2017): 1502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0298-0.

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Cerdà, A. „Seasonal changes of the infiltration rates in a Mediterranean scrubland on limestone“. Journal of Hydrology 198, Nr. 1-4 (November 1997): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(96)03295-7.

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Rosete Vergés, Fernando Antonio, Alejandro Velázquez, Gerardo Bocco und Ileana Espejel. „Multi-scale land cover dynamics of semiarid scrubland in Baja California, Mexico“. Regional Environmental Change 14, Nr. 4 (27.12.2013): 1315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0574-8.

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Swart, R. C., J. S. Pryke und F. Roets. „Optimising the Sampling of Foliage Arthropods from Scrubland Vegetation for Biodiversity Studies“. African Entomology 25, Nr. 1 (März 2017): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4001/003.025.0164.

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Scott, Neal A., Joseph D. White, Jackie A. Townsend, David Whitehead, John R. Leathwick, Graeme MJ Hall, Michael Marden, Graeme ND Rogers, Alex J. Watson und Patrick T. Whaley. „Carbon and nitrogen distribution and accumulation in a New Zealand scrubland ecosystem“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, Nr. 8 (01.08.2000): 1246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-048.

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Reversion of agricultural land to native woody vegetation can sequester carbon (C), influencing regional and global C budgets. We examined whole-ecosystem differences in C and nitrogen (N) storage and distribution, and sapwood - leaf area relationships in a scrubland vegetation chronosequence in New Zealand dominated by manuka (Leptospermum scoparium J.R. et G. Forst) and kanuka (Kunzea ericoides var. ericoides (A. Rich.) J. Thompson). At 25 years, manuka dominated, and vegetation C was 6.5 kg C·m-2. In the 55-year-old stand, stem density was similar for the two species, and vegetation C storage was 15.1 kg C·m-2, similar to the 35-year-old stand (p = 0.9). Foliar biomass comprised 3-5% of vegetation C stock but contained 26%-37% of vegetation N. Root biomass was 10-15% of total and varied little with stand age. The sapwood - leaf area relationship differed significantly for the two species (p < 0.05). Mineral soil C and N (to 0.30 m) did not vary with stand age, but forest floor C and N were highest in the 55-year-old stand (2 kg C·m-2; p < 0.01). Soil and forest floor C/N ratios were significantly higher in the 35-year-old stand (p < 0.04), possibly because of high interspecific competition for N. While the sampling intensity was too limited to allow spatial extrapolation, our results suggest that carbon accumulation in this scrubland is rapid and similar to plantation forests, suggesting that land abandonment could significantly impact New Zealand's C budget.

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Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Ángel Benítez, Fabián Reyes-Bueno, David A. Donoso und Augusta Cueva. „Biocrust structure responds to soil variables along a tropical scrubland elevation gradient“. Journal of Arid Environments 124 (Januar 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.06.015.

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Mangas, Julián G., Jorge Lozano, Sara Cabezas-Díaz und Emilio Virgós. „The priority value of scrubland habitats for carnivore conservation in Mediterranean ecosystems“. Biodiversity and Conservation 17, Nr. 1 (29.09.2007): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9229-8.

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Stalling, Thomas, Ionuț Ștefan Iorgu und Dragan Petrov Chobanov. „The ant cricket Myrmecophilus orientalis on the Dodecanese Islands, Greece (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae)“. Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 63, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/travaux.63.e49546.

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This study reports the occurrence of the ant cricket Myrmecophilus orientalis Stalling, 2010 on the Dodecanese Islands Kos and Tilos, Greece. This is the first evidence of M. orientalis from Greece and Europe. The species lives in ant nests under stones and in dead wood in open scrubland and pine forests. The adults were found in the nests of large Camponotus species, while the juveniles were found in the nests of small ant species of the genera Crematogaster and Lepisiota. We assumed that the species changes the host ant species during its life cycle.

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Tinajero, Romeo, Felipe Barragán und Leonardo Chapa-Vargas. „Raptor Functional Diversity in Scrubland-Agricultural Landscapes of Northern-Central-Mexican Dryland Environments“. Tropical Conservation Science 10 (Januar 2017): 194008291771242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082917712426.

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Bisceglia, S. B. C., J. A. Pereira, P. Teta und R. D. Quintana. „Rodent selection by Geoffroy’s cats in a semi-arid scrubland of central Argentina“. Journal of Arid Environments 75, Nr. 11 (November 2011): 1024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.03.016.

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Aldezabal, A., und I. Garin. „Browsing preference of feral goats (Capra hircus L.) in a Mediterranean mountain scrubland“. Journal of Arid Environments 44, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0573.

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