Thematische Bibliographien / Scottish soldiers

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Scottish soldiers“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Scottish soldiers"

Macdonald, Alastair J. „Courage, Fear and the Experience of the Later Medieval Scottish Soldier“. Scottish Historical Review 92, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2013): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2013.0174.

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This article examines aspects of the experience of the later medieval Scottish soldier, in particular courage, fear and the factors that shaped these responses. In many respects the story sketched fits into wider patterns of warriors’ lives elsewhere in Latin Christendom. Similar influences served to encourage the soldier and the prospect of similar afflictions might spread fear. There are also particularities in the Scottish case. The Scots had especially acute problems to overcome, notably in comparison to their regular enemies, the English, in maintaining fortitude in armed forces that featured a relatively wide social spread, with attendant implications for protective equipment and rudimentary training for the occasional soldiers who usually made up the majority of the Scottish host. The circumstances of Scotland's wars with England, meanwhile, led to greater than usual dangers of captivity, injury and death, and a greater level of equality of risk across the social spectrum in Scottish armies. Full-scale battlefield encounters with England brought the most acute challenges to the collective courage of Scottish soldiers and it is testament to their severity that even a renowned figure like William Wallace suffered a failure of resolve when faced with battle at Falkirk in 1298.

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COOKSON, J. E. „EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY SCOTTISH MILITARY PENSIONERS AS HOMECOMING SOLDIERS“. Historical Journal 52, Nr. 2 (15.05.2009): 319–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x09007481.

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ABSTRACTThis article makes use of the data-rich sources, little used by historians, relating to rank and file soldiers, especially those who became Chelsea Hospital outpensioners. It particularly seeks to find out the migration history of such men in the years after Waterloo, focusing on Scots. The conclusion is that Scots were under-represented among soldiers who became imperial settlers. There appear to be good reasons for Scots finding colonial conditions uncongenial, and, in this respect, there was little difference between the ‘Napoleonic’ soldiery and the succeeding generation who belonged more definitely to an imperial service army. Most, in fact, returned to Scotland, and then to that part of the country familiar to them. Moreover, they refute an image of veterans as marginalized men. They are shown, on the whole, to have settled back into civilian society with surprising ease, law-abiding rather than lawless, respected rather than despised or feared.

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Murphy, Neil. „The Duke of Albany's Invasion of England in 1523 and Military Mobilisation in Sixteenth-century Scotland“. Scottish Historical Review 99, Nr. 1 (April 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2020.0432.

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In November 1523 a Scottish army, led by John Stewart, duke of Albany, invaded England for the first time since the battle of Flodden. While this was a major campaign, it has largely been ignored in the extensive literature on Anglo-Scottish warfare. Drawing on Scottish, French and English records, this article provides a systematic analysis of the campaign. Although the campaign of 1523 was ultimately unsuccessful, it is the most comprehensively documented Scottish offensive against England before the seventeenth century and the extensive records detailing the expedition advances broader understanding of military mobilisation in medieval and early modern Scotland. While the national mobilisation drive which sought to gather men from across the kingdom was ultimately unsuccessful, the expedition witnessed the most extensive number of French soldiers yet sent to Scotland. Finally, the article considers how an examination of the expedition enhances understanding of regency rule and the political conditions in Scotland in the years after Flodden.

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Peers, Douglas M. „Soldiers, Scholars, and the Scottish Enlightenment: Militarism in Early Nineteenth-Century India“. International History Review 16, Nr. 3 (September 1994): 441–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1994.9640683.

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Mcneil, Kenneth. „“Petticoated devils”: Scottish highland soldiers in British accounts of the Indian rebellion“. Prose Studies 23, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2000): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440350008586717.

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BONNER, ELIZABETH. „FRENCH NATURALIZATION OF THE SCOTS IN THE FIFTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH CENTURIES“. Historical Journal 40, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1997): 1085–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x96007066.

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French naturalization of the Scots appears to have evolved from lands granted to individual Scots by Charles VII during the Hundred Years War, and it would seem that the libertas testandi associated with these grants in the fifteenth century was an early form of what were later called lettres de naturalité in the sixteenth century. French naturalization was granted not only to individual Scots but to all Scottish subjects by certain French monarchs from Charles VII to Louis XIV and had its origins in the ‘Auld Alliance’, as the Scots referred to their relationship with France, and the establishment of the garde écossaise by Charles VII in 1445. The sixteenth century saw a continuation of Scottish military service to the kings of France as well as a continuation of grants of lands, pensions, titles and privileges accorded by grateful French monarchs to Scottish soldiers in the main, but other Scots as well, many of whom were, and others who became by letters patent of naturalization, loyal subjects of the king of France.

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White, Jason. „State Power, Local Autonomy, and War in Scotland, 1625–9“. Journal of Scottish Historical Studies 36, Nr. 2 (November 2016): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jshs.2016.0183.

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The existence, nature, and scope of the pre-Covenanting state in Scotland has been a source of much historiographical debate. This article contributes to this debate by examining the early modern Scottish state through the lens of a short period of war at the start of Charles I's reign. Upon assuming the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1625, Charles I looked to intervene in the ongoing Thirty Years' War on behalf of his sister and brother-in-law Elizabeth and Frederick of Bohemia. While the direct involvement of the three Stuart kingdoms in the war did not last long, Scotland played an important role as the supplier of soldiers to allied armies, especially Denmark and Sweden. The near constant demand for soldiers intensified the contact between centre and localities and provided opportunities for Scots at the local level to participate, thanks to print, in debates on a national scale.

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Ellis, Harold. „Mary Seacole: Self Taught Nurse and Heroine of the Crimean War“. Journal of Perioperative Practice 19, Nr. 9 (September 2009): 304–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045890901900907.

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Mary Jane Seacole was born Mary Grant in Kingston Jamaica in 1805. Her father was a Scottish army officer and her mother a free Jamaican black, (slavery was not fully abolished in Jamaica until 1838). Her mother ran a hotel, Blundell Hall, in Kingston and was a traditional healer. Her skill as a nurse was much appreciated, as many of her residents were disabled British soldiers and sailors. It was from her mother that Mary learned the art of patient care, and she also assisted at the local British army hospital.

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Millard, Andrew R., Richard G. Annis, Anwen C. Caffell, Laura L. Dodd, Roman Fischer, Christopher M. Gerrard, C. Pamela Graves et al. „Scottish soldiers from the Battle of Dunbar 1650: A prosopographical approach to a skeletal assemblage“. PLOS ONE 15, Nr. 12 (21.12.2020): e0243369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243369.

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After the Battle Dunbar between English and Scottish forces in 1650, captured Scottish soldiers were imprisoned in Durham and many hundreds died there within a few weeks. The partial skeletal remains of 28 of these men were discovered in 2013. Building on previous osteological work, here we report wide-ranging scientific studies of the remains to address the following questions: Did they have comparable diet, health and disease throughout their lives? Did they have common histories of movement (or lack of movement) during their childhoods? Can we create a collective biography of these men? Strontium and oxygen isotope analysis of tooth enamel investigated childhood movement. Carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of incrementally sampled dentine addressed childhood diet and nutrition. Metaproteomic analysis of dental calculus investigated oral microbiomes and food residues; this was complemented by microscopic analysis of debris in calculus from ingested materials. Selected individuals were examined for dental microwear. The extent of hydroxylation of proline in collagen was examined as a potential biomarker for scurvy. An osteobiography for each man was created using the full range of data generated about him, and these were synthesised using an approach based on the historical method for a collective biography or prosopography. The childhood residences of the men were primarily within the Midland Valley of Scotland, though some spent parts of their childhood outside the British Isles. This is concordant with the known recruitment areas of the Scottish army in 1650. Their diets included oats, brassicas and milk but little seafood, as expected for lowland rather than highland diets of the period. Childhood periods of starvation or illness were almost ubiquitous, but not simultaneous, suggesting regionally variable food shortages in the 1620s and 1630s. It is likely there was widespread low-level scurvy, ameliorating in later years of life, which suggests historically unrecorded shortages of fruit and vegetables in the early 1640s. Almost all men were exposed to burnt plant matter, probably as inhaled soot, and this may relate to the high proportion of them with of sinusitis. Interpersonal violence causing skeletal trauma was rare. Based on commonalities in their osteobiographies, we argue that these men were drawn from the same stratum of society. This study is perhaps the most extensive to date of individuals from 17th century Scotland. Combined with a precise historical context it allows the lives of these men to be investigated and compared to the historical record with unprecedented precision. It illustrates the power of archaeological science methods to confirm, challenge and complement historical evidence.

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Allan, David. „Manners and Mustard: Ideas of Political Decline in Sixteenth-Century Scotland“. Comparative Studies in Society and History 37, Nr. 2 (April 1995): 242–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500019654.

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With an acidity wholly typical of the Dictionary of the English Language (1755), Samuel Johnson was to observe that “oats,” which “in England is commonly given to horses … in Scotland supports the people.” It has not unnaturally been the assumption of posterity that most eighteenth-century Scotsmen, by then the self-confident inhabitants of a newly civilised and enlightened community, would have been suitably offended by what has since become a notorious imputation of national plainness and pauperism. Yet there are, I want to suggest, substantial grounds for doubting this apparently straightforward conclusion. The meagreness of the early-modern Scottish diet had in fact always been a matter for the most determined moral pride. The elderly Jacobite, Mackintosh of Borlum, for example, had as recently as the 1720s responded to the increasing sophistication of the post-Union table with open disdain: “Formerly I had been served with two or three substantial dishes of beef, mutton, and fowl, garnished with their own wholesome gravy,” the suspicious old laird complained, but “I am now served up little expensive ashets with English pickles, Indian mangoes, and anchovy sauces.” Robert Monro of Opisdale, too, writing nearly a century before, in the 1630s, had described with palpable moral outrage the flagrant indiscipline and consequent military weakness of those Scottish soldiers in the armies of Gustavus Adolphus whose “stomackes could not digest a Gammon of Bacon or cold Beefe without mustard, so farre [they] were out of use.” And in Sir Walter Scott's Waverley (1814), surely the most influential examination of the national culture ever composed, it is also obvious that that patriotic pedant, the Baron of Bradwardine, offering hospitality to his young visitor at Tully-Veolan, the seat of ancient Scottish virtue, finds himself by no means embarrassed at being unable to “rival the luxuries of [his] English table.”

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Scottish soldiers"

MacInnes, Iain Andrew. „Scotland at war : its conduct and the behaviour of Scottish soldiers, 1332-1357“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU503572.

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The Second Scottish War of Independence has proved an increasingly popular subject of analysis for historians of fourteenth-century England and Scotland. In spite of this interest, little academic analysis has been undertaken regarding the military activities of Scottish soldiers during this conflict. This study provides the first academic analysis of the military history of Anglo-Scottish warfare during the years 1332-1357. By re-analysing the activities of Bruce Scottish troops during this phase of conflict and by establishing the context in which Bruce Scottish troops fought (why men served, who was in charge, how troops were armed), the author has attempted to establish the type of war being fought. By analysing the behaviour of Scottish troops, the impact of the war on the people most affected by it, and the perception of war amongst both war commentators and the warriors themselves, the author has attempted to demonstrate the extent to which Scottish behaviour was in accordance with accepted contemporary norms, and the factors which were at work in controlling the activities of those who made war their occupation. Research has proven that Bruce Scottish military activities was well-organised and led either by the king or his representatives. Bruce Scottish military actions could be fought on both small and large scale, and the ability to recover from defeat was a major facet in Scottish survival against the combined Balliol/English threat. Although French assistance was important to the survival of David II and his commanders, Scottish survival was inherently dependent upon the outbreak of the Hundred Years War. And Scottish conduct was consistent with English behaviour in what was, in spite of its various complications, a standard contemporary conflict.

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Glozier, Matthew Robert, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College und School of Humanities. „A nursery for men of honour : Scottish military service in France and The Netherlands, 1660-92“. THESIS_CAESS_HUM_Glozier_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/67.

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The thesis examines individual Scottish soldiers and Scottish regiments abroad in the second half of the seventeenth century, with particular focus on Scottish military service in France and the Netherlands, c.1660-92. The study contends that privately contracted units, of the sort common in the period of the Thirty Years' War (1618-48), evolved into regular standing regiments by the end of the seventeenth century. This process is visible in the altered conditions experienced by professional Scottish officers and ordinary soldiers who served abroad in this period. This study proposes that Britain's foreign policy was primarily affected by that of her two most potent neighbours: France and the Netherlands profoundly affected the attitude of the Stuart monarchs towards their subjects fighting abroad.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Hepburn, William Stuart. „17 letters to my brother : a Scottish soldier writes home“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6489/.

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This thesis takes the form of three linked works centred around the fictionalised story of a young Scottish soldier of the 4th Cameron Highlanders from the years 1938 to 1946. These three works are: 1. An epistolary novella comprising the 17 letters of a found manuscript. 2. A feature film screenplay adapted from the letters. 3. A reflective essay on the creative process. The fictionalized narrative is based on the real life experiences of a small group of Scottish soldiers from several different regiments of the 51st Highland Division catalogued in books, memoirs and in personal recollections. They were amongst the 9,000 men who surrendered at St Valery-en-Caux on June 12th 1940 , and subsequently escaped. Through a varied range of routes, they made their way back to Britain. An even smaller group joined the re-formed 51st, and after bloody campaigns in North Africa, took part in the D-Day invasion. On the 2nd of September, 1944, the battalions of The 5th Camerons and the 5th Seaforths returned to the scene of their surrender, and liberated St Valery-en-Caux. Their collective experience encapsulates one small but little known part of the story of World War II.

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MacInnes, Iain Andrews. „Scotland at war : its conduct and the behaviour of Scottich soldiers, 1332-1357“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495001.

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Hilderbrandt, Scott Andrew. „The Highland soldier in Georgia and Florida a case study of Scottish Highlanders in British military service, 1739-1748 /“. Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0003019.

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Hilderbrandt, Scott. „THE HIGHLAND SOLDIER IN GEORGIA AND FLORIDA: A CASE STUDY OF SCOTTISH HIGHLANDERS IN BRITISH MILITARY SERVICE, 1739-1748“. Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3748.

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This study examined Scottish Highlanders who defended the southern border of British territory in the North American theater of the War of the Austrian Succession (1739-1748). A framework was established to show how Highlanders were deployed by the English between 1745 and 1815 as a way of eradicating radical Jacobite elements from the Scottish Highlands and utilizing their supposed natural superiority in combat. The case study of these Highlanders who fought in Georgia and Florida demonstrated that the English were already employing Highlanders in a similar fashion in North America during the 1730s and 1740s. British government sources and correspondence of colonial officials and military officers were used to find the common HighlanderÂ s reactions to fighting on this particular frontier of the Empire. It was discovered that by reading against what these officials wrote and said was the voice of the Highlander found, in addition to confirming a period of misrepresentation of Highland manpower in the colony of Georgia during the War of JenkinsÂ Ear that adhered to the analytical framework established.
M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Humanities
History MA

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Millard, A. R., R. G. Annis, A. C. Caffell, L. L. Dodd, R. Fischer, C. M. Gerrard, C. P. Graves et al. „Scottish soldiers from the Battle of Dunbar 1650: a prosopographical approach to a skeletal assemblage“. 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18278.

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Yes
After the Battle Dunbar between English and Scottish forces in 1650, captured Scottish soldiers were imprisoned in Durham and many hundreds died there within a few weeks. The partial skeletal remains of 28 of these men were discovered in 2013. Building on previous osteological work, here we report wide-ranging scientific studies of the remains to address the following questions: Did they have comparable diet, health and disease throughout their lives? Did they have common histories of movement (or lack of movement) during their childhoods? Can we create a collective biography of these men? Strontium and oxygen isotope analysis of tooth enamel investigated childhood movement. Carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of incrementally sampled dentine addressed childhood diet and nutrition. Metaproteomic analysis of dental calculus investigated oral microbiomes and food residues; this was complemented by microscopic analysis of debris in calculus from ingested materials. Selected individuals were examined for dental microwear. The extent of hydroxylation of proline in collagen was examined as a potential biomarker for scurvy. An osteobiography for each man was created using the full range of data generated about him, and these were synthesised using an approach based on the historical method for a collective biography or prosopography. The childhood residences of the men were primarily within the Midland Valley of Scotland, though some spent parts of their childhood outside the British Isles. This is concordant with the known recruitment areas of the Scottish army in 1650. Their diets included oats, brassicas and milk but little seafood, as expected for lowland rather than highland diets of the period. Childhood periods of starvation or illness were almost ubiquitous, but not simultaneous, suggesting regionally variable food shortages in the 1620s and 1630s. It is likely there was widespread low-level scurvy, ameliorating in later years of life, which suggests historically unrecorded shortages of fruit and vegetables in the early 1640s. Almost all men were exposed to burnt plant matter, probably as inhaled soot, and this may relate to the high proportion of them with of sinusitis. Interpersonal violence causing skeletal trauma was rare. Based on commonalities in their osteobiographies, we argue that these men were drawn from the same stratum of society. This study is perhaps the most extensive to date of individuals from 17th century Scotland. Combined with a precise historical context it allows the lives of these men to be investigated and compared to the historical record with unprecedented precision. It illustrates the power of archaeological science methods to confirm, challenge and complement historical evidence.
The excavation and post-excavation programme was primarily funded by Durham University, with the palaeoproteomic analysis funded through the Wellcome Trust www. wellcome.ac.uk (108375/Z/15/Z to CFS).

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Bücher zum Thema "Scottish soldiers"

Scottish soldiers in colonial America. Baltimore, Md: Printed for Clearfield Co. Inc. by Genealogical Pub. Co., 1997.

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Dobson, David. Scottish soldiers in colonial America. St Andrews: DavidDobson, 1997.

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Dobson, David. Scottish soldiers in continental Europe. St Andrews: DavidDobson, 1997.

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John, Laffin, Hrsg. Soldiers of Scotland. London: Brassey's Defense Publishers, 1988.

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The Scottish soldier and empire, 1854-1902. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006.

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Shopping cart soldiers. Willimantic, CT: Curbstone Press, 1997.

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Shopping cart soldiers. New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1998.

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MacKenzie, John T. There was a piper, a Scottish piper. Toronto: Natural Heritage Books, 2001.

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A game of soldiers, 1957-1960. Inverness [Scotland]: Beaulieu Books, 2001.

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Konstam, Angus. There was a soldier: First-hand accounts of the Scottish soldier from 1707 to the present day. Edinburgh: Hachette Scotland, 2009.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Scottish soldiers"

Brown, Fraser. „They Wandered Far and Wide: The Scottish Soldier in the Australian Imperial Force“. In The Palgrave Handbook of Artistic and Cultural Responses to War since 1914, 275–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96986-2_16.

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Bonner, Elizabeth. „Scottish Soldiers in Fifteenth-Century France:“. In Memory and Foresight in the Celtic World, 147–68. Sydney University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18zhfcw.10.

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Mansfield, Nick. „Protest and Subversion, 1790–1850“. In Soldiers as Citizens, 57–92. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620863.003.0004.

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This chapter outlines government concerns about the danger of insurrection in the early nineteenth century and fear of soldiers’ subversion and involvement on the side of radical revolution. It reviews the reality of these claims, analysing soldiers’ involvement in key events and incidents. These range through riots and protests in the 1790s, the distribution of radical handbills subverting troops, the Despard Conspiracy, Luddism, the Post War discontent of 1815-6, working-class drilling and the use of government spies, Peterloo, the Scottish revolt of 1820, the Cato Street Conspiracy, the Queen Caroline agitation, the Reform Crisis of 1831-2, and Chartism. The chapter concludes that whilst some threats were serious, British rank and file soldiers always obeyed officers and did their duty to Crown and country, so revolution was unlikely.

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„Scottish Soldiers, Poland-Lithuania and the Thirty Years’ War“. In Scotland and the Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648, 191–213. BRILL, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004475670_014.

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Pedersen, Sarah. „‘One Who Has Sacrificed’: The Use of ‘High Diction’ in Women’s Correspondence to Scottish Newspapers during the First World War“. In Scottish Literature and World War I, 81–99. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474454599.003.0004.

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Sarah Pedersen recovers an overlooked area of Scottish literary response to the war in her chapter on women’s letters to the editor published in newspapers. In these letters, ideals of sacrifice and patriotism were shaped and reused to argue for greater financial support for soldiers’ families, as well as to criticise conscientious objectors or perceived shirkers. No less than male combatants, Pedersen argues, home front women also saw themselves as making sacrifices in a righteous cause.

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Goldie, David. „Unquiet on the Home Front: Scottish Popular Fiction and the Truth of War“. In Scottish Literature and World War I, 62–80. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474454599.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on the popular writing of the war, from the serial fiction of popular newspapers to the volumes of wartime non-fiction and fiction of Scottish writers such as Patrick MacGill, Ian Hay, Boyd Cable, and R. W. Campbell. The chapter will attempt to qualify the notion that popular war writing helped effect a separation between soldiers and civilians through its tendency to glamourise and sanitise war scenes and describe them in euphemistic terms. This chapter will argue there was, in fact, a considerable amount of realism and violence in popular war writing.

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„A note on Scottish Soldiers in the Bohemian War 1619–1622“. In Scotland and the Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648, 109–16. BRILL, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004475670_010.

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Langley, Chris R. „‘So necessarie and charitable a worke’: welfare, identity and Scottish prisoners-sof-war in England, 1650–55“. In Battle-scarred, 211–29. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526124807.003.0012.

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This chapter examines how the leadership of the Kirk of Scotland organised charitable collections for soldiers imprisoned in Tynemouth Castle and Durham after the Battle of Dunbar in September 1650. In the midst of the English invasion and subsequent occupation of Scotland, ministers in Edinburgh distributed letters across the country urging parishes to donate money to support the prisoners. Parishes responded enthusiastically. This chapter shows how ministers used the galvanising effect of this charitable scheme as a way to heal ruptures within the Kirk and the Scottish political landscape. Calls to help Scottish prisoners in England did not refer to the prisoners’ previous political affiliation or the contentious position of Charles II in Scottish political discourse. The Kirk’s charitable ventures were tremendously effective at gathering financial aid but they also contributed to a wider political debate about what it meant to be a good, loyal, Covenanter.

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Whatmore, Richard. „After Revolution“. In Terrorists, Anarchists, and Republicans, 347–52. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691168777.003.0011.

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This concluding chapter reflects on the events at New Geneva and the political context of Europe at large. There was more than a hint of irony in the fact that members of the United Irishmen were put to death at New Geneva. This was one of the most significant outcomes of the Waterford experiment. The intention had never of course been to create a military base for soldiers. The buildings were made for republicans. Yet it was at the site of New Geneva that the British troops and loyalist volunteers employed dreadful violence against the United Irishmen. New Geneva Barracks passed into folklore because of the bloody treatment of the rebels. The British government, still at war with revolutionary France, used the example of what happened in 1798 to justify a ‘Scottish solution’ to the Irish problem: the Acts of Union of 1800, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1801.

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Strachan, Hew. „The Scottish Soldier and Scotland, 1914–1918“. In A Global Force. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474402736.003.0004.

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This chapter addresses Scottish military service during the First World War, showing how from having underperformed before the war, Scotland overperformed during the war’s first two years. Particularly striking was how many recruits came from agricultural backgrounds, although in absolute terms the big cities still contributed more men. As the Territorial Army (TA) was the principal Scottish route into the army, the battle of Loos in October 1915 had an enormous local impact: this was Scotland’s equivalent of the Somme. Every Scottish infantry regiment was represented, and both the 9th and 15th Scottish Divisions were TA Lowland Divisions. From Loos came the literary representation of the war, especially Ian Hay’s The First Hundred Thousand and John Buchan’s war poetry. The effect of the First World War, with Scottish infantry regiments raising twenty-plus battalions, was to disseminate those regimental identities much more widely across Scottish society. An enhanced Scottish identity was created, and it emerged in a military context. Overwhelmingly this identity was set within the context of the Union and the empire.

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