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1
Ali, Zahid. „Layers of Subalternity and Scheduled Castes Hindu Women: A Case Study of District Ghotki“. Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) 5, Nr. 1 (18.03.2023): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol5.iss1.231.
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Scheduled Castes Hindu women of Ghotki district are facing layers and layers of subalternity in the male dominate district. They are facing social, economic, political and religious discriminations simultaneously. Overall, caste-based discrimination against Scheduled Castes has become norm of the society. Nobody is bothered to look into their life striking subalternity matters. As religious minority in the district, scheduled caste Hindu women are suffering layers of discrimination in an Islamic society, dominated by 99 percent Muslims with additional burden of conversion. The concept of othering can be best illustrated in the sense of Scheduled Caste women; the practice of ‘untouchability is rampant in the society. In other words, they are being considered as Achhoot in the society. As a result, Scheduled Castes often live-in separate colonies, are being compelled to eat food in separate crockery, and are not allowed to sit with Muslims and upper castes Hindus as well. So, in a sense, the Scheduled Castes women face systematic oppression in both public and private spheres; first in Muslim dominated district, second in the higher caste Hindu community and third in the male dominated structures of their own families. At the bottom of social hierarchy, schedule castes women are not only deprived of social assets but also frequently suffer from the violation of personal dignity and freedom through sexual abuse, alienation, abduction and force conversion and marriages. They are facing class bound subalternity, age bound subalternity, gendered bound subalternity, religion bound Subalternity, and political bound subalternity simultaneously.
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Medhe, Ravindra. „Role of Education in Inter-Caste Marriages of Women from Scheduled Castes in India“. Journal of Geographical Studies 2, Nr. 2 (15.04.2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj5.18020203.
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Scheduled Castes (SC) is a group of deprived castes in India. Traditionally, people belongs to these castes are socio-economically exploited and untouchables. The present study analyses the role of education in decision of inter-caste marriages for social cohesion. The relationship between education of bride, parents and parents-in-law with number of inter-caste marriages was calculated using data compiled by India Human Development Survey (2011). The study shows no direct and robust relationship between education and inter-caste marriages. Educated brides lead for inter-caste marriages and educated parents support in this decision, but negative relationship was observed for education of parents-in-law with number of inter-caste marriages. Educated parents-in-law show no acceptance for inter-caste marriages of their shoots. The freedom of choice to bride show key role in formation of inter-case marriages which shows wide state-to-state variations. Education improves the capabilities of a person to deicide their own. Therefore, we have large scope to create bases for inter-caste marriages and social change through enlightenment and education.
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Sasintha, G., und G. Yoganandham. „Status, Survival And Current Diellema Of Schedule Caste Arundhathiyar Women In Ranipet District Of Tamilnadu“. International Review of Business and Economics 4, Nr. 2 (2020): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.61.
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Schedule Caste Women had some basic problems and the different kinds of gender inequality were displayed in mortality, natality, basic facility, special opportunity professions, ownership, and household matters. Education can pave the way for an overall development of individuals and for the society. Female literacy is not only an end itself, but also serves as a catalyst for overall performance, in other segments too. Since women comprised the majority of the Schedule caste population in India. Among the Schedule Caste women, Arundhatiyar women population were below the poverty line and are very often in situations of extreme poverty, given the harsh realities of intra-household and social discrimination. this research paper mainly concentrates on status, survival and current dilemma of Scheduled Caste Arundhatiar women in Ranipet district of Tamil Nadu.
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Sunita Yadav und Dr. Ganesh Dubey. „A Critical Study Of Right To Equality Under Indian Constitution With Judicial Decision“. Legal Research Development: An International Refereed e-Journal 1, Nr. II (30.12.2016): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v1n2.05.
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For writing this research paper null hypothecation are taken and critical approach and study done. In this present scenario Right to Equality under Indian Constitution are given Art. 14 to 18.Every person is equal under Indian Constitution and he should be treated equally and non-discrimination on the basis of religion, caste, race, place of birth. But state government can make special provision for women and children, scheduled caste, scheduled tribes and backward classes. In Indian constitution there is some provision for upliftment for Scheduled tribe, scheduled caste, backward classes, women and children so there is flexibility in Right to Equality provision. This is very important articles of Indian Constitution.
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Rajashekar, H., und S. Nikhilavathi. „Problems in Starting Business in Mysore District: A Study on Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Women Entrepreneurs“. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 23, Nr. 24 (14.12.2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i241182.
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Women entrepreneurs encounter numerous challenges throughout the entire process of establishing and managing their businesses, starting from the inception stage. Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe women entrepreneurs often face social and cultural barriers that can make it difficult to start and run a business. These barriers include prejudice, lack of support from family and community, and limited mobility. This study is an attempt to identify and analyse the problems faced by scheduled caste and scheduled tribe women entrepreneurs in the process of starting their business in Mysore district. This study is based on primary data from forty SC/ST women entrepreneurs based on convenience sampling method and their problems were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics method. It is concluded that the SC/ST women entrepreneurs are facing problems at a moderate level in starting their business in Mysore district.
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Sidhu, Sharda, und L. S. Sidhu. „Pregnancy wastage in scheduled caste women of Punjab“. Annals of Human Biology 15, Nr. 2 (Januar 1988): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014468800009591.
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Asrani, Shalini, und Sushma Kaushik. „Problems Perceived by Scheduled Caste Women in Haryana“. Studies of Tribes and Tribals 9, Nr. 1 (Juli 2011): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972639x.2011.11886625.
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Aritra Chakraborty, Chandra Shekhar Sarkar,. „Comparative Study of Male Female Disparity in Literacy of Purulia and North 24 Parganas District in West Bengal“. Psychology and Education Journal 58, Nr. 2 (04.02.2021): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.1055.
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The present article focuses on a comparative study of the male-female disparity in literacy of two districts Purulia and North 24 Parganas in West Bengal, India. The Census data of 2011 has been used in this regard. The literacy rate has been calculated for the population above six-year, and Sopher’s Disparity index (1974) has been applied to measure the male-female disparity in literacy. The study examines the block-level male-female disparity in literacy among non-Schedule Caste (none-SC ST), Scheduled Castes (SC), and Scheduled Tribes (ST). The study highlights that North 24 Parganas is far ahead in terms of literacy than Purulia district. However, there is wide variation in block-level male-female disparity in literacy among the three-caste groups in both the districts. In block-level, the Bundwan block of Purulia district and Barasat-I and Deganga block of North 24 Parganas district occupies a remarkable place in terms of the male-female disparity in literacy among each three-caste group. Conversely, Jhalda-II block in Purulia and Hingalganj block of North 24 Parganas is the most backward block in terms of the male-female disparity in literacy among the all-caste groups. Although the Central and the State Government have taken various schemes to enhance literacy rates and eliminated the male-female disparity in education, more suitable steps need to be followed to implement appropriate measures towards education, especially for the women and other marginalised sections of the society.
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Halim, Nafisa, Kathryn M. Yount und Solveig Cunningham. „Do scheduled caste and scheduled tribe women legislators mean lower gender-caste gaps in primary schooling in India?“ Social Science Research 58 (Juli 2016): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.01.002.
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Mukherjee, Arghya Kusum. „Traditional institutions and female labor force participation“. International Journal of Social Economics 45, Nr. 1 (08.01.2018): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-07-2016-0199.
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Purpose In general, the return from participation in MNREGA will be highest for those women whose mobility and social interaction is least impeded by conservative social norms. However, if any intervention enhances knowledge base, or challenges traditional norms of gender, then return from that intervention may be highest for those women impede most by conservative social norms. It may be interpreted as non-monotonic effect of restrictedness across caste and religion. The purpose of this paper is to examine non-monotonicity hypothesis of social restrictedness for the intervention MNREGA. Design/methodology/approach Using primary data from three districts of West Bengal, the paper has tried to see whether there exists any non-monotonic effect of restrictedness on household’s “expenditure on consumption,” “expenditure on temptation good,” “expenditure on women’s health” and “expenditure on children’s education and health” across castes and religion. The sample is relatively homogeneous in terms of socio economic status, but differs in affiliation to castes and religion. Findings As a result of participating the labor force through MNREGA, the contribution of women to household earnings increases, which may potentially increase their bargaining power within the household. The conventional notion is that women who are least fettered by social norms should get maximum benefits of participation in MNREGA. However, the analysis shows that women of upper caste (UC) community have been able to exercise the highest level of agency in allocating household resources compared to the women of scheduled caste community. It substantiates the non-monotonicity of restrictedness of social norms across castes and religions. Agency of Muslim women has not increased significantly compared to the UC women. Research limitations/implications The study suffers from usual limitations of sampling. Originality/value There is hardly any study deciphering MNREGA from the perspective of caste, religion and gender.
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P.M, Rejimon, und Smitha R. „OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEDULED CASTE WOMEN IN KERALA“. International Journal of Advanced Research 8, Nr. 11 (30.11.2020): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11981.
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Kerala, which ranks first among the Indian States in terms of Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Development Index (GDI), presents, however, a poor picture in terms of female work participation. This is paradoxical since the development experience of the State is universally acclaimed as a model for poor States to follow for transforming the living conditions of their people, through enlightened policies of promotion of health care and education. But, the most tragic failure of development in the State is the acute unemployment and low labour force participation rates of both men and women. Reckoned in terms of all the three measures of unemployment – usual status, current weekly status, and current daily status - used by NSS, Kerala has the highest incidence of unemployment both for males and females and in rural as well as urban areas. Educated unemployment in the State is even more severe. This paper analyse the occupational structure of the scheduled caste women in the State.
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Ranjan, Mukesh, Laxmi Kant Dwivedi und Rahul Mishra. „CASTE DIFFERENTIALS IN DEATH CLUSTERING IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN INDIAN STATES“. Journal of Biosocial Science 50, Nr. 2 (07.06.2017): 254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932017000219.
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SummaryThis study assessed caste differentials in family-level death clustering, linked survival prospects of siblings (scarring) and mother-level unobserved heterogeneity affecting infant mortality risk in the central and eastern Indian states of Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Chhattisgarh. Family-level infant death clustering was examined using bivariate analysis, and the linkages between the survival prospects of siblings and mother-specific unobserved heterogeneity were captured by applying a random effects logit model in the selected Indian states using micro-data from the National Family Health Survey-III (2005–06). The raw data clustering analysis showed the existence of clustering in all four states and among all caste groups with the highest clustering found in the Scheduled Castes of Jharkhand. The important factor from the model that increased the risk of infant deaths in all four states was the causal effect of a previous infant death on the risk of infant death of the subsequent sibling, after controlling for mother-level heterogeneity and unobserved factors. The results show that among the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, infant death clustering is mainly affected by the scarring factor in Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh, while mother-level unobserved factors were important in Odisha and both (scarring and mother-level unobserved factors) were key factors in Chhattisgarh. Similarly, the Other Caste Group was mainly influenced by the scarring factor only in Odisha, mother-level unobserved factors in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh and both (scarring and mother-level unobserved factors) in Madhya Pradesh. From a government policy perspective, these results would help in identifying high-risk clusters of women among all caste groups in the four central and eastern Indian states that should be targeted to address maternal and child health related indicators.
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Medhi, Anuradha Hazarika, und Hiranya Saikia. „Association between socio-demographic factors and acceptance of family planning methods among scheduled caste women of Jorhat district, Assam“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, Nr. 6 (31.05.2023): 2144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20231694.
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Background: In spite of the high knowledge, the rate of contraceptive methods use is not so satisfactory in India. The main objective of the health and family welfare programme is to reduce the knowledge, attitude and practice gap among the people of different societies, castes, religions and regions. The objective of the study is to find the association between socio-demographic factors and acceptance of family planning methods among the women belong to scheduled caste community which is one of the backward communities of India. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among scheduled caste community of Jorhat district, Assam. 612 married women of reproductive age group were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected by personal interview using pretested, predesigned proforma. Chi-square test was used to see the association and all the analysis were done using SPSS- version 23. Results: 98.2% knew the family planning methods and 87.5% had positive attitude but only 65.3% practiced the methods. 58.3% women did not use the family planning methods because they want more children. The major source of information was mass media (76.8%) and majority of women (47.1%) used oral contraceptive pill (OCP) following by condom (21.6%). Most of the socio-demographic factors had significant association with the practice of family planning methods. Conclusions: There is a need to understand the various factors which influence the practice of family planning methods so that the it would help in designing effective family planning programme.
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Mishra, Prem Shankar, Karthick Veerapandian und Prashant Kumar Choudhary. „Impact of socio-economic inequity in access to maternal health benefits in India: Evidence from Janani Suraksha Yojana using NFHS data“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 3 (11.03.2021): e0247935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247935.
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Background Caste plays a significant role in Indian society and it influences women to health care access in the community. The implementation of the maternal health benefits scheme in India is biased due to caste identity. In this context, the paper investigates access to Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) among social groups to establish that caste still plays a pivotal role in Indian society. Also, this paper aims to quantify the discrimination against Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes (SCs/STs) in accessing JSY. Methods This paper uses a national-level data set of both NFHS-3 (2005–06) and NFHS-4 (2015–16). Both descriptive statistics and the Fairlie decomposition econometric model have been used to measure the explained and unexplained differences in access to JSY between SCs/STs and non-SCs/STs groups. Results Overall, the total coverage of JSY in India is still, 36.4%. Further, it is found that 72% of access to JSY is explained by endowment variables. The remaining unexplained percentage (28%) indicates that there is caste discrimination (inequity associated social-discrimination) against SCs/STs in access to JSY. The highest difference (54%) between SCs/STs and non-SCs/STs in access to JSY comes from the wealth quintile, with the positive sign indicating that the gap between the two social groups is widening. Discussion and conclusion It is necessary for the government to implement a better way to counter the caste-based discrimination in access to maternal health benefits scheme. In this regard, ASHA and Anganwadi workers must be trained to reduce the influence of dominant caste groups as well as they must be recruited from the same community to identify the right beneficiaries of JSY and in order to reduce inequity associated with social-discrimination.
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Sukumar, N., L. David Lal und Vinod Kumar Mishra. „Inclusiveness in the Panchayati Raj Institutions“. Journal of Social Inclusion Studies 5, Nr. 1 (Juni 2019): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394481119859675.
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The 73rd amendment of the Indian Constitution has evolved as a significant mechanism for devolution of power and democratic decentralisation. The template was to transform the power relation at three levels, that is, family, community and state apparatuses. Studies on the representation of underprivileged groups (caste, gender and tribes) in the panchayati raj institutions (PRIs) have highlighted the continued discrimination against these groups. This article analyses both enabling and disabling factors which affect the performance of the elected representatives (ERs) belonging to the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and women from seven states. The findings (both qualitative and quantitative) of the study highlight general as well as group-specific enabling and disabling factors that impact the performance of the ERs in PRIs.
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Rajiakodi, M., und Dushyantraj Sahibram Mallick. „Local Government and Women“. Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, Nr. 4 (02.04.2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v6i4.366.
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The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992 has made two important provisions for the involvement of women in decision making and preparation of plan for development. Let us elaborate it. This amendment has made a provision that at least one -third of women would be members and chairpersons of the Panchyats at three levels means at Gram Panchayat level, Panchayat Samiti level and Zilla Panchayat level. These women also include from scheduled caste and scheduled tribe communities. Secondly, Panchayats are also expected to prepare plans for economic development including the 29 subjects listed in the Eleventh Scheduled of the constitution. The rural plan prepared by Zilla Parishads would be forwarded to District Planning Committee for preparing a consolidated plan for the rural and urban areas of the district. Now, this was the mandate given by the constitution for development of entire rural areas including women. Women would only be empowered if various developmental works which are undertaken are benefiting women.
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Sachan, Divya, und Nishi Sethi. „Problem and Constraints Faced by Rural Scheduled Caste Women for Entrepreneurship“. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 10, Nr. 3 (30.06.2019): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/ijbsm/2019.10.3.1977.
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Kotwal, Amrita, Bhupinder Singh, Singh Singh und Ganai A. M. „Socio-economic Determinants of Current use of Contraception in a Rural Area of J&K“. JMS SKIMS 13, Nr. 1 (21.06.2010): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33883/jms.v13i1.194.
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Objective: To identify the socio-economic factors which determine contraceptive use among current users of contraception.
Method:Cross-sectional design. Interview schedule of entire eligible couple population of 19 Angwanwari Centres of Block R.S.Pura, Jammu by House to House Survey.
Analysis: Besides test of significance, unadjusted Odd's Ratio, adjusted Odd's Ratio were used using Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis technique by SPSS-WIN Version 7.5 Software.
Results: Contraceptive use increased with age of women and number of conceptions. Compared to illiterate women, formally educated women were 2.2 times more likely to use contraception. Also, lower income, wives of unskilled workers and Scheduled Caste (SC) woman were more likely to be current users of contraception. Husband's age & literacy, religion and type of family did not show significant relationship with current contraceptive use. J Med Sci.2010; 13(1): 30-32
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G., Shankar, und Srinivas K. „ROLE OF SHGs FINANCIAL EMPOWERMENT OF SCHEDULED CASTE WOMEN – A STUDY OF SCHEDULED CASTE RESERVED & UNRESERVED CONSTITUENCIES OF ERSTWHILE KARIMNAGAR DISTRICT OF TELANGANA“. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, Nr. 5 (18.06.2020): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i5.2020.75.
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The role of microfinance growing because it addresses the financial needs of the low-income population and it is also regarded by the policy-makers as an important instrument for financial inclusion. Microfinance brings credit, loan, savings and other essential financial services 60-90% of the global population who are too poor to be served by regular banks.
The specific objectives of the present study are to examine the patterns of income, expenditure and savings of members before and subsequent to joining of SHGs in select constituencies, to assess the perceptions of the SHG members on women empowerment before and subsequent to joining SHGs in select constituencies and to compare the perceptions of the SHG members on women empowerment of scheduled caste Women in scheduled caste Reserved and Unreserved Constituencies. The primary data was collected by administering a structured questionnaire to the primary members of SHGs sample of 200-member beneficiaries from Manakondur constituency, a reserved constituency for SC and 200 members from Karimnagar constituency an unreserved constituency were selected as respondents for the purpose of this study.
The data collected is processed and analyzed by using statistical test i.e., paired t-test was adopted. The mean score of the decision-making regarding income generation sample respondents in Manakondur stood at 3.60 and in Karimnagar stood at 4.19. This shows that the involvement in decision making regarding income generation has been improved more in Karimanagar constituency when compared to Manakondur constituency. The mean score of the repayment of credit by the sample respondents subsequent to joining SHGs in Manakondur stood at 3.46and in Karimnagar stood at 4.03. This shows that the repayment of credit has been improved more in Karimanagar constituency when compared to Manakondur constituency. Few members of a group should not be allowed to monopolize all loans. Large loans for a single borrower should be avoided. SHGs should enable the poor to decide the purpose of credit, size of the loan and repayment schedule based on viability of activity instead of leader’s choice. It should also monitor the end use of credit taken by the members.
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Chauhan, Jitendra Kumar. „Eminence of Tribal Women Entrepreneurs with Special Reference to Lakhimpur District of Assam“. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/oct_dec/147-150.
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Women has ability to rise in the fi eld of entrepreneurship. In this era of globalization, liberalization the women entrepreneurs are rising day by day. In true sense women can emerged their dream of empowerment through entrepreneurship irrespective of caste, age and tribes. Tribal women in general and in comparison, with castes, enjoy more freedom in various walks of life. The status of tribal women is comparatively lower than that of tribal men. In this context, the increasing numbers of women in organization indicates that women must be recognized as active participant in the nation development process. From pastoral society to contemporary information and global society, the role of women has changed drastically. The Mishings are the second largest Scheduled tribe (Plains) group of Assam after the Bodos. They play a role of great importance both economically and socially. Agriculture is a source of income of the Mishing women. They also rear pigs, goats, poultry, etc. which form a great share of family income. Their contribution in family expenditure in outstanding. A total of 120 tribal women were selected as a sample of this study.
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Nisha und Seema Rani. „Constraints and Factors Association with Food Processing Training as Perceived by Scheduled Caste Women“. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 22, Nr. 3 (06.02.2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2018/36046.
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Singh, Jogender, V. P. Chahal, Anil Rathee und Kuldeep Singh. „Economic Empowerment of Scheduled Caste Landless Rural Women through Mushroom Cultivation: A Case Study“. Economic Affairs 60, Nr. 4 (2015): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-4666.2015.00083.2.
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Katyal, Sonal. „Patterns of Utilization of Maternal Healthcare Services in Haryana, India“. Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 13, Nr. 1 (01.06.2018): i31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v13i1.29.
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Background: Despite being a relatively smaller state, Haryana’s per capita Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is high. The statistical data on the status of women has a different story to share. Objective: This study analyzes the maternal healthcare situation in Haryana to examine the differential in utilization of maternal health care service i.e. antenatal care on the basis of socio economic and socio demographic indicators such as Women’s age at Birth, Birth order, Education, Residence, Religion, Wealth index and Caste. Methodology: The present study uses the third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data which is similar to the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). DHS collects, disseminates national data on health and population in developing countries. Findings: Indicate that economic status, husband’s education and caste have effect on the utilization of antenatal care services. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates several socio economic and demographic factors affecting the utilization of antenatal care services in Haryana. Efforts need to be taken at community and household level to improve utilization. Abbreviations: NFHS- National Family Health Survey; DHS- Demographic and Health Surveys; MDG- Millennium Development Goals; SC/ST-Scheduled caste/Scheduled tribe; WHO-World Health Organization; MOHFW- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; ANM – Auxiliary Nurse Midwife; VIF – Variance Inflation Factor; OBC- Other Backward Classes; ANC- Antenatal Care; TBA – Trained Birth Attendant
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Sahu, Arti, Reshma Mondol, Fatima Khatoon, Neelam Chettry und Nageena Khatoon. „The Insider Voice about Prostitution“. ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 2, Nr. 1 (Juni 2017): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632717708955.
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This piece* has been put together by drawing from Red Light Despatch (RLD), a monthly newsletter brought out by Indian anti-sex trafficking organization Apne Aap Women Worldwide. RLD is for the women of the red-light area by the women of the red-light area. Women, girls and men trapped in prostitution from the red-light areas of Bihar, Delhi, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and West Bengal write the Despatch. They write for each other and share information, dreams, struggles and hopes in solidarity from different corners of India. They try to address the gaps in mainstream media that often do not cover information that is relevant to the poor and the marginalized. RLD also serves as a mouthpiece for prostituted women and survivors to end sex trafficking. The narratives in RLD reveal that prostitution is a form of violence against women and the only way to end it is by internalizing the Gandhian principles of ahimsa (non-violence) and antyodaya (uplift of the last). The narratives speak of how the prostituted child and woman is always originally trafficked and that she is the victim of structural violence as a female, as a person from the countryside, as a person from a scheduled caste/scheduled tribe or other backward classes and of unequal and lopsided development; and how difficult it is to exit prostitution.
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Krishana Murty Nelapudi und N. Nirmala Mani. „Political participation of scheduled caste women through SHGS in west Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh“. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, Nr. 3 (30.12.2022): 1015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1375.
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The concept of women empowerment is the outcome of several important critiques and debates generated by the women’s movement throughout the world, particularly by the third world feminists. Empowerment of women means the materialization of the relocation of power challenging the patriarchal ideology which justifies the male dominance. ‘Becoming powerful’ is the literal meaning of the term empowerment. Empowerment can be achieved through transformation of the structures or institutions that reinforce and perpetuate gender discrimination. Empowerment is a process that enables women to gain access to and control of available political, social and economic resources as well as the required information. It is also defined as the process by which the powerless gain greater control over the circumstances and control both resource and ideology that governs their lives. Women’s participation in the village based formal or non-formal organizations has made significant changes in their social status and position in the family. It permits them to participate in rural development for their own upliftment. It also gives them an opportunity to work in groups for common interest, associate with the on-going development programmes, articulate their needs and assume leadership in the national development process. In order to ascertain the political awareness and involvement of the members of the SHG in political affairs, the respondents were asked certain questions to access their political awareness which had an influence in exercising their political right.
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Nanda, Satyajeet, und Madhumita Tripathy. „Reproductive Morbidity, Treatment Seeking Behaviour and Fertility: A Study of Scheduled Caste and Tribe Women“. Journal of Human Ecology 18, Nr. 1 (September 2005): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2005.11905812.
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Renu, Renu. „Determinants of Female Workforce Participation in Agriculture of Uttar Pradesh, India“. Current Agriculture Research Journal 11, Nr. 1 (10.05.2023): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.11.1.19.
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Most of the rural female workforce is engaged in the agriculture sector and unequally distributed in various operations. The gender inequality in workforce participation in agriculture sector is easily visible. There is a high participation of women in some specific tasks and some others are recognized as male dominated work. According to NSSO 68th round data (2012) , the participation of women in various agricultural activities is only 17% in Uttar Pradesh, India. The diverse socio-economic status of rural Uttar Pradesh affects participation in different ways. The female participation as agricultural laborer is high in Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes and it is comparatively low in General and Other Backward Caste (OBC). Participation ratio is having an increasing trend from 15-29 to 30-44 years age groups, and later it is having a declining trend to older age groups. Female participation is increasing from small to medium-sized households, after which it has declined sharply here. Almost half (46%) of the women participation in agricultural is coming from households which derive at least half of their income from own farming. Education level and female participation are inversely associated. Female participation is found highest in families with marginal size of land holdings (74.61%), followed by small land holdings (12.66%) and medium land holdings. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been used to identify the key determinants of female participation in various operations. It is found that household type, education level and size of land are the most important among many other factors. This study is useful for offering suggestions to make the participation of women easier and more effective.
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Yadav, Akhilesh, T. B. Singh und Shikha Sachan. „Prevalence of Disrespect and Abuse and its Determinants during Antenatal Care Services in Rural Uttar Pradesh India“. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, Nr. 2 (16.02.2022): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220216.
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Background: Respectful maternity care is essential to increase safe motherhood, linked with increased maternal health services utilization, such as ANC (Antenatal Care). However, disrespect and abuse during maternal health care service utilisation remain a potential barrier to improve service utilisation and the quality of services. Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of disrespect and abuse (D&VA) during the utilisation of ANC services and identifies the associated factors. Methodology: A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Balarampur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The study included 364 women who underwent facility-based childbirth before six months of the survey. A multistage cluster sampling was used to select the potential participants of the study. Results: the findings of the study show that nearly 60% of women experienced disrespect and abuse during ANC services utilisation. About 18% of women reported that the health providers were rude to them. Also, 1.5% of women reported that health providers used abusive language during the ANC services utilisation. Women aged 25-34 years and 35 and above years were 54 % and 69 % less likely to experience disrespect and abuse respectively than women aged 15-24 Years. Low odds of disrespect and abuse was observed with other backward, and General caste than the women belong to Scheduled tribe/caste. Women who experience disrespect and abuse during ANC services were less likely to receive all four types of ANC services. Conclusions: Every woman has the right to receive kind and respectful maternity care, and mistreatment during maternal care services remains hindrances to achieving safe motherhood and child care. Key words: Disrespect and Abuse, Maternity Care, Antenatal Care Services, India.
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Jha, Ranjan Kumar, Sucharita Dutta, Ritu Ghosh, Archana Mishra, J. C. Reddy, Suresh Lakshminarayanan, Aarati Pillai, Suvabrata Dey und Manoj Kumar Raut. „Socio-demographic factors associated with anaemia among non-pregnant and non-lactating women from low-income families in two selected districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India: a random forest analysis“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, Nr. 12 (28.11.2022): 4463. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223200.
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Background: Anaemia is one of the most common public health challenges. The objective of this paper was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia among non-pregnant and non-lactating women (NPNLW) (15-49 years) from low-income families and to assess the associations between socio-demographic and economic factors, and the prevalence of anaemia.Methods: Primary data of non-pregnant and non-lactating women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) from low-income families collected from two selected districts of Madhya Pradesh state, India were used. Inferential statistical tools like; multiple binary logistic regressions and random forest analysis were adopted to assess the socio-demographic and economic factors associated with anaemia.Results: The results revealed that prevalence of anaemia in both the districts are quite high at 60.8% (95% CI: 58.6%, 62.9%) in Vidisha to 63.7% (95% CI: 61.6%, 65.7%) in Raisen with mean haemoglobin levels of 11.27±1.92 g/dl in Vidisha to 11.24±1.70 g/dl in Raisen, which is close to <12 g/dl cut-off based on WHO categorization. It was also found that those who are from the scheduled caste and other castes were less likely to be anaemic compared to those who were from scheduled tribes in Vidisha district. Majority of women not consuming iron supplements were found to be anaemic.Conclusions: Education was observed to be the most predominant factor inversely associated with anaemia. Age and the type of household were also found to be associated factors. Along with supplementation and nutrition education, fortification of foods is also recommended in addressing the anaemia burden.
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Kadlak, Hemangi, Pradeep S. Salve und Payal Karwade. „Intersectionality of Caste, Gender and Occupation: A Study of Safai Karamchari Women in Maharashtra“. Contemporary Voice of Dalit 11, Nr. 2 (19.03.2019): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455328x18822904.
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The issues of women safai karamcharis are less discussed in academic sphere compared to male safai karamcharis and given minimum importance. These women face multiple problems at the family level, at the working places and in the society; their problems are largely unheard. In the light of this limitation, the present study aimed to give visibility to their problems and their coping mechanisms. It is a collaborative work of three different surveys conducted with 115 safai karamcharis women in Nagpur (60), Kalyan (30) and Mumbai (25) cities applying qualitative and quantitative methods in Maharashtra. The results revealed that women aged 19 years to 46 years are engaged in safai kam and majority of them are widowed or currently married. Almost three-fourths of women resumed this occupation through preferential treatment (PT) case and those of direct recruitment are because of their Scheduled Caste background. Health problems and discrimination at the workplace are common and most of the time neglected. There is a need to establish a strong bridge between workers and academicians who form the policies and welfare programmes for safai karamcharis in order to realize their real conditions and needs. In social sciences, theories of knowledge production have to be utilized for the upliftment or betterment of the people irrespective of the caste and gender.
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HAQUE, MD FAIZUL, und DR SURESH SAH. „Rejuvenating Economic Empowerment: A Study on Women-led Entrepreneurship in Molasses Production in Manipur“. Innovative Research Thoughts 9, Nr. 4 (2023): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/irt.2023-v9i4-032.
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Women in Manipur have exhibited their entrepreneurial spirit by engaging in various occupations to secure their livelihoods. Historically, some women were involved in selling locally-made liquor, although this came with the burden of societal stigma and discrimination. Subsequently, a group of women entrepreneurs ventured into molasses production, paving the way for their own success stories and inspiring others to pursue better earning opportunities. This research delves into the socio-economic landscape of Scheduled Caste (SC) women engaged in molasses production in Kakching, Manipur. The study aims to assess the current status of women's participation in molasses entrepreneurship, evaluate the potential for sustainable economic growth, identify challenges faced by women in successfully conducting their trade, and explore the prospects presented by India's Look East Policies. The study concludes by offering insightful recommendations based on the research findings.
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BOSE, SUNITA, und KATHERINE TRENT. „SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF ABORTION IN INDIA: A NORTH–SOUTH COMPARISON“. Journal of Biosocial Science 38, Nr. 2 (04.10.2005): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005026271.
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Data from the 1998–99 National Family Health Survey (NFHS2) of India are used to examine the net effects of social and demographic characteristics of women on the likelihood of abortion while emphasizing important differences between women from northern and southern states. A north–south comparison illustrates that southern women have relatively higher levels of literacy and labour force participation, lower levels of son preference, and smaller family size. Results from logistic regression analyses show that literacy, type of work, belonging to a scheduled caste or tribe, urban residence, standard of living, parity, religion, age, age at union and contraceptive behaviour all have significant effects on the likelihood of abortion. However, most of these effects significantly differ for southern and northern women. Moreover, the effects of agricultural work, son preference and age at union on the likelihood of abortion are significant for northern but not southern women.
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Bhardwaj, Shaila. „Reproductive Health Profile of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Women of Rajasthan, India~!2009-09-07~!2009-10-19~!2010-09-02~!“ Open Anthropology Journal 3, Nr. 3 (03.09.2010): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874912701003030181.
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Kaur, Tarminder. „AGENDA OF RURAL EMPLOYMENT THROUGH MGNREGA: A CASE OF HARYANA (INDIA)“. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, Nr. 7 (05.08.2021): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i7.2021.4107.
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The paper is intended to comprehensively analyze the concern of Government for rural development and its various efforts to contain rural problems. Most of all the efforts since independence, MGNREGA is emerged as a milestone and unique initiative to tackle rural poverty through 100 days rural employment. An effort is done to assess the performance of MGNREGA through financial investments in last five years. The actual results have been seen in the form of observing the amount siphoned for labour budget out of total budgetary outlay. Further, to review the social implications, the disadvantaged sections of SCs (Scheduled Caste) and women are specifically considered as beneficiaries.
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Roy, Srila. „Precarity, aspiration and neoliberal development: Women empowerment workers in West Bengal“. Contributions to Indian Sociology 53, Nr. 3 (12.09.2019): 392–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966719861758.
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While there is a long tradition of interpellating poor rural women to carry out the state’s development and modernising goals in local communities, neoliberal development has greatly expanded the remit of this subjective call but without accompanying material changes. In this article, I consider the precarious category of female workers produced by an NGO in West Bengal, out of a surplus population of poor, working-class and, generally, Scheduled-Caste rural women who were themselves beneficiaries of feminist-inspired development. Ambivalently positioned within this institutional site—as volunteers and not as employees—these workers had to manage new forms of risk and precarity over existing ones. Such precarity was not only material. It was especially manifest in new sets of aspirations that sustained the unrealisable promises and potentialities of the related processes of the NGOisation of feminist activism and the restructuring of women’s development under neoliberalism.
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Kerketta, Rosy Anita, und K. K. N. Sharma. „Status and Role of Women in Bhil-Gameti (Scheduled Tribe) Dangi (Scheduled Caste) and Banjare (Other Backward Class) of Badgaon Block District Udaipur, Rajasthan“. Studies of Tribes and Tribals 4, Nr. 2 (Dezember 2006): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972639x.2006.11886539.
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Motwani, Ameeta. „Academic Discourses on Causes of and Solutions to Poverty in India“. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, Nr. 6 (01.11.2023): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(6).08.
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This paper analyses academic discourses about factors that cause/perpetuate or eliminate poverty. It finds that the academic debates on the subject have been dominated by economists and have concentrated mainly on economic backwardness and/or unequal distribution of productive assets as the major causes of poverty in India. The consensus that emerges from these suggests that growth is important but other factors such as the growth of employment and real wage rates are equally important since the majority of the poor in India are rural labour households with marginal or no landholdings. The alternative discourse by political scientists highlights the importance of political factors and unequal distribution of power and resources in causing poverty and therefore suggests land reforms, empowerment, the need for inclusive policies/politics and peoples’ movement as some of the solutions. Sociological studies of poverty bring out the role of social institutions such as the caste system (a system of institutionalized inequality) and patriarchy in bringing a disproportionate burden of poverty on certain disadvantaged sections of society such as the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, women, etc. State level studies highlight the importance of ‘Quality of Governance’ while village level studies provide useful insights based on the people’s experience of falling in and out of poverty. The paper thus finds that the understanding of causes of poverty is affected by – (a) Academic Disciplines of the researchers; (b) Ideology of the researchers and (c) the level of enquiry, i.e. national, state, district or village.
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Patel, Parisa, Mahua Das und Utpal Das. „The perceptions, health-seeking behaviours and access of Scheduled Caste women to maternal health services in Bihar, India“. Reproductive Health Matters 26, Nr. 54 (07.11.2018): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09688080.2018.1533361.
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Umamaheswari, C., und K. K. Saradha. „A Study on Health Status of Scheduled Caste Women Workers of Tea Plantation at Valparai Taluk, Coimbatore District“. HuSS: International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences 9, Nr. 2 (01.12.2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15613/hijrh/2022/v9i2/218177.
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Liczbińska, Grażyna, Marek Brabec, Rajesh K. Gautam, Jyoti Jhariya und Arun Kumar. „From little girls to adult women: Changes in age at marriage in Scheduled Castes from Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, India“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 2 (13.02.2023): e0281506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281506.
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Background Research confirms the negative relationship between early marriage and mothers’ and children’s health outcomes. This is why studies of the changes in age at marriage are an important task from the point of view of the health status and well-being of a mother and her offspring, especially in groups represented by extremely disadvantaged social strata in India. The results of such studies may influence the future family planning policy in the country. Objectives This study aims to investigate the trend of age at marriage among the Scheduled Castes (SCs) women from two Indian states: Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh relative to the level of education and also to socioeconomic changes in the states. These states manifest the highest proportion of girls getting married below the age of 18 years–far above the proportion observed in entire India. Methods Women from Scheduled Caste, N = 1,612, aged 25–65, born in 1950–1990 were investigated. A modern semiparametric regression approach was used. To capture the relationship between age at marriage and year of birth, categories of women’s level of education (illiterate; primary: 1st–5th standards; middle school: 6th–8th standards; high school: 9th–10th standards; higher secondary: 11th–12th standards), and categories of the profession (women working in the agricultural sector or the non-agricultural sector), flexible framework of the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied. Results A significant impact of the cohort defined by the year of birth (<0.001), and women’s education (<0.001) on age at marriage was noted, while the influence of women’s occupation was not significant (p = 0.642). Mean age at marriage differed significantly with different education level. Women who graduated from primary school married 0.631 years later on average than illiterate ones, while those who graduated from middle schools, high schools (9th–10th standards) and higher secondary schools married significantly later than illiterate ones by 1.454 years and 2.463 years, respectively. Age at marriage increased over time: from slightly above 15 years in the cohort of illiterate women born in 1950 to almost 19 years in quite well-educated women born in 1990. The average age at marriage estimated for four education levels in 1990 ranged between 16.39 years (95%CI: 15.29–17.50) in the group of illiterate women and 18.86 years (95%CI: 17.76–19.95) in women graduated from high and higher secondary schools. Conclusion The rise of age at marriage can be partly explained by the increase of females enrolled in schools, the alleviation of poverty, and the implementation of social programs for women.
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Shankar, Prem, Prem Bhaskar und Arvind Hans. „An Exploratory Study on Recent Inclusive Approach under MGNREGSforUnderprivileged Women, Tribal Community & Smallholders Becoming Self-reliant (Atmanirbhar) in Jharkhand State in India.“ Journal of Educational Management & Social Sciences 1, Nr. 2 (31.12.2021): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48112/jemss.v1i2.218.
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MGNREGA enacted in 2005 as a social safety net based on right based framework to provide unskilled wages and employment to the needy households has gradually incorporated innovative schemes for creation of long-term durable assets to enhance the livelihoods of the participating households and making them self-reliant. This paper attempts to explore the impact of Horticulture initiative on small holders, underprivileged women & tribal households, which was initiated by Government of Jharkhand in 2016. The secondary data was accessed from the official website of MGNREGA for further analysis. A questionnaire-based interview of sampled beneficiaries of Horticulture Scheme from two Districts of South Chhotanagpur division of Jharkhand was administered for primary information. Case studies have been incorporated for creating support evidence for the study. The study reveals that the Horticulture Scheme under MGNREGA, “Birsa Munda Baagwani Yojana” (BMBY) has significant impact on the life of unskilled workers who became the beneficiaries of this scheme. Inclusion of scheduled tribe and schedule caste to this scheme is significant. It has accommodated the marginal landholding households to be the beneficiaries. Provision of associated training and support from NGOs, CBOs and administration have increased the coverage and inclusion of the marginal section and also ensured the technical assistance to most of the beneficiaries.
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Patel, Amrita, und Jasmine Giri. „Climate Change, Migration and Women: Analysing Construction Workers in Odisha“. Social Change 49, Nr. 1 (22.02.2019): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085718821756.
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The research article seeks to focus on the status of women from the coastal districts of Odisha who have become migrants essentially because of repeated floods and extreme climatic events. Fluctuating weather conditions, the consequent depletion of agricultural work and availability of other forms of employment in their place of origin are some reasons behind the migration of these women. The study particularly looks at Bhubaneswar where women, largely illiterate and landless, mostly belonging to Scheduled Caste groups, have been able to find work on construction sites. Despite evident hardship, they have been able to meet the challenges of living in new urban destinations and in the process better their living conditions. This can be seen in the improvement of their financial status, a new-found focus of educating their daughters, the development of levels of self-confidence and the overcoming of some deeply entrenched social barriers. However, in other areas, the marginalisation of such groups continues, and vulnerabilities prevail in many forms, evident, for instance, in the lack of land ownership by women, the absence of opportunities to upgrade skills to access better work opportunities and issues of safety and security of young girls.
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Lunev, S. I. „SOCIAL PROTEST IN INDIA“. MGIMO Review of International Relations, Nr. 4(43) (28.08.2015): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-4-43-198-207.
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Economic globalization creates unfavorable conditions for some countries and social groups while the situation in other countries and social is becoming worse. That is why social problems are on the rise worldwide. Thus, social protest became the major cause of the Arab spring is. Social wave overwhelmed Western Europe and the USA. The solution of social problems depends not on the political will of the elite, but on the activity of the population, as the ruling circles will not adopt a policy of self-restrictions and concessions to the majority without the hard push from the bottom. The peculiar feature of India is the general satisfaction of the society with the political system and economic situation. At the same time the protests against specific cases and events in the country mobilize hundreds of thousands of people, be it corruption scandals or violence against women. However, cultural- civilizational factors contribute to the non-violent character of almost all mass actions. Another distinctive feature of India is the desire of the organizers of the protest to reject support of the major parties due to the belief that political leaders are interested more in strengthening their social base rather than in solving the concrete problems. There are different categories of social protest in India: peasant movements; scheduled castes' (Dalits, the former untouchables) movements; anti-corruption movements; environmental movements; backward caste movements; women's movements; tribal movements; industrial proletariat movements; students' movements; middle class movements; human rights movements. The first four movements are currently the most noticeable. Social protest has not, so far, led to any serious political instability. However, a certain development of the situation can generate it, as well as the rejection of the mainly peaceful methods. In this respect, Dalit movements, especially in case of further erosion of the caste system, are the subject of the greatest concern.
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Nigam, Dr Ashok. „In Defence Of Collegium System With A Caveat“. Journal of Legal Studies & Research 09, Nr. 01 (2023): 233–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55662/jlsr.2023.9104.
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This article undertakes a detailed examination of the arguments put forth on both sides of the debate and critically evaluates them in light of the fundamental principles of the country’s jurisprudence, constitutional morality, its seventy five years long experience as a democratic polity and its wider socio-cultural milieu. The Collegium System is not perfect, just like any other constitutional institution in our democratic set up, it plays an important role in ensuring the independence of judiciary. Despite its shortcomings, like democracy, it continues to be the best system amongst available alternatives. Truly, if the last bastion of independent judiciary falls, then the country would enter the “abyss of a new dark age”. What is the independence of the judiciary if independent and fearless judges are not being appointed?’ This article do recommendations for judicial reform with regard to the Collegium system. These include broadening the process of consultations for choosing meritorious judges by including consultations with the bar and other judges of the same court and taking into account principles of judicial federalism inculcated under article 124 of the constitution. It also recommends making the selection procedure faster, more efficient and inclusive by ensuring greater representation of women, Scheduled Caste and Schedule Tribes and other disadvantaged groups.
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Tripathy, Tridibesh, Shankar Das, D. P. Singh, Rakesh Dwivedi und Mohini Gautam. „Case Studies on Maternal & Newborn Care among Recently Delivered Women of Scheduled Caste Community through the Role of ASHA in Gonda District of Uttar Pradesh, India“. Cross Current International Journal of Medical and Biosciences 5, Nr. 01 (06.05.2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijmb.2023.v05i01.001.
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When ASHAs were introduced in NRHM in 2005, their primary aim was to visit homes of newborns as the first program in UP operated through the ASHAs was the Comprehensive Child Survival Program in 2008. Since then, tracking of all deliveries and all the newborns are an integral part of the work of ASHAs in all the primary health care programs operated by the NHM in UP. Evaluation studies on the performance of ASHAs was done since 2011 as by then ASHAs had actually worked in the field for a minimum period of 5 years. It is to be noted that National Rural Health Mission was rolled out in April 2005 but it took about one to two years for the states to hire ASHAs and put things in place right from the state to the village level. In this article, a comprehensive feedback is elicited from the mothers of Scheduled Caste (SC) community from the last visit of ASHAs to their homes to visits during pregnancy & newborn care in Gonda district of UP. The current study explores some of the crucial variables through five case studies on the performance of ASHAs through their message delivery & visits during natal, newborn care of mothers of Scheduled Caste (SC) community. The article also includes the feedback of the SC community mothers on the work & approach of ASHAs. That’s how the perception of the Recently Delivered Women of SC community in the state of UP is included in this article. The mothers of SC community responded about the performance based upon their experience in visits & messaging by ASHAs on Janani Surakhya Yojana (JSY), New Born Care (NBC) & Routine Immunization (RI) as these were the frontline programs for the states. The responses of these mothers or Recently Delivered Women (RDW) (as named for the current study) had a 3 to 6 months old child during the time of survey. They were selected as respondents as they were from SC community & were in a position to recollect the health care events of their children. The relevance of the study assumes significance as .....
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Halli, Shiva S., Rajeshwari A. Biradar und Jang Bahadur Prasad. „Low Birth Weight, the Differentiating Risk Factor for Stunting among Preschool Children in India“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 7 (22.03.2022): 3751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073751.
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Background: The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health issue in India; however, the optimal growth pattern for such infants is not clear. The purpose of this study is to understand the causal association between LBW and stunting of preschool children in India. Methods: The National Family Health Survey-4 is a large cross-sectional survey based on a nationally representative sample of 699,686 women in the age group of 15–49 years and was conducted during 2015–2016 in India. The study used the children’s file with a sample of 259,002 of 0–59 months for investigation. Results: The data revealed that 38.7% of the children in India were stunted. The bivariate analysis revealed that, of the women who did not attend any antenatal care (ANC) meetings, 46.8% had stunted children compared to the women who attended more than three ANC meetings, which 30.7% had stunted children. The low birth weight children experienced a much higher chance of stunting compared to children with a normal birth weight (44.3% vs. 33.8%). The multivariable odds ratios of logistic regression, after adjusting for the confounding characteristics, showed that pregnant women attending more than three ANC meetings compared to not attending any ANC meetings experienced a 19% lower adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of having stunted children (AOR = 0.81; CI 0.78, 0.85; p < 0.001). Another important variable, such as women with underweight body mass index (BMI) compared with normal BMI, had 6% higher odds of having stunted children (AOR = 1.06; CI 1.03, 1.10; p < 0.001). Similarly, women who belong to the Scheduled Caste compared to the General Caste had 36% higher odds of having stunted children (AOR = 1.36; CI 1.30, 1.42; p < 0.001); and children aged 13–23 months compared to children up to one-year-old or younger had 141% higher odds of being stunted (AOR = 2.41; CI 2.32, 2.51; p < 0.001). The conspicuous finding is that LBW babies, after adjusting for other important confounding factors, such as BMI and ANC, experienced 19% higher odds of stunted children (AOR = 1.19; CI 1.14, 1.24; p < 0.001) compared to normal birth weight babies. Conclusions: The results revealed LBW is associated with stunting of preschool children in India.
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Guleria, Chandresh, Manoj Kumar Vaidya, K. Kireeti und Chaman Negi. „People’s participation in joint forest management in higher hills of Himachal Pradesh“. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, Nr. 2 (01.06.2017): 1129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1335.
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Joint Forest Management (JFM) is an effort which involved people to participate for the protection, conservation and rehabilitation of forests whilst safeguarding the rights of forest dwellers. Women and other marginalized sections of the community need to be empowered to ensure their participation in JFM (Aggarwal and Chauhan, 2015). Such programmes while ensuring the conservation of flora and fauna, also provided stability for the agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, and local cottage industries and thus, help in all round economic development (Bhatia, 2000). The present study analysed the people’s participation in different stages of JFM programmes in the higher hills of Himachal Pradesh (Sundernagar and Kullu forest division). The results showed that people of age group 40-60 years participated most in the JFM programme. The participation of the general category people was found highest followed by scheduled caste, other backward class and scheduled tribe. The literacy rate of the respondents was found to be 98.51 percent while the literacy index was found to be 2.51 representing level of education in between middle class and higher secondary. In both the regions participation of people was found maximum during maintenance stage followed by planning stage and implementation stage. The overall participation index was found to be 61.91 per cent. The capacity building through training and awareness can help in safeguarding livelihood and conservation efforts of JFM.
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Das, Kishore Kumar. „Sustainability of Livelihood of Tribal Society in Rural Odisha Through Upskilling the Youth Mass: An Empirical Study“. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 24, Nr. 3 (29.01.2024): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2024/v24i31238.
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Aims: The current study's objective is to examine the characteristics of skills of tribal young people living in rural areas of Odisha & suggest the skill programme which can develop their sustainable livelihood.
Sample: The present study focusses on the rural tribal youths of Keonjhar district of Odisha. The study's target population includes young people who were between the ages of 15 and 29. There were 270 responders in the sample, with 55.7 percent men and 46.3 percent women.
Study Design: This is a concurrent study that has used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. The survey was conducted using a Likert Scale questionnaire. Finally, SPSS was used to process the data and present a descriptive view of the results with figure, table and chart.
Place and Duration of Study: The place of the study consists of Odisha’s rural district Keonjhar and the data were collected during the 2nd half of 2023.
Results: The preceding study that demonstrated that skill development for rural youth can promote sustainable livelihood in Odisha supported how young people saw the training in skill development.
Conclusion: The report concluded that state youth policies be implemented in spirit, including agricultural-based skill training; that the federal government and the state make greater investments in programs like "start-up" schemes for scheduled caste and scheduled tribe in isolated rural areas; and that the government take responsibility for the market.
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Horwood, Geneviève, Charles Opondo, Saswati Sanyal Choudhury, Anjali Rani und Manisha Nair. „Risk factors for maternal mortality among 1.9 million women in nine empowered action group states in India: secondary analysis of Annual Health Survey data“. BMJ Open 10, Nr. 8 (August 2020): e038910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038910.
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ObjectiveTo examine the risk factors for pregnancy-related death in India’s nine Empowered Action Group (EAG) states.DesignSecondary data analysis of the Indian Annual Health Survey (2010–2013).SettingNine states: Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.Participants1 989 396 pregnant women.MethodsMaternal mortality ratio (MMR), overall and for each state, with 95% CI was calculated. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association of risk factors with maternal mortality. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to assess the prediction of the model.Outcome measuresMMR adjusted for survey design, adjusted OR (aOR)with 95% CI and C-statistic with 95% CI.ResultsMMR calculated for the nine states was 383/100 000 live births (95% CI 346 to 423 per 100 000). Age exhibited a U-shaped association with maternal mortality. Not having a health scheme and belonging to a scheduled caste or scheduled tribe group were significant risk factors for maternal death with aOR of 2.72 (95% CI 2.41 to 3.07), 1.10 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.18) and 1.43 (95% CI 1.31 to 1.56), respectively. Socioeconomic status and rural residence were not associated with maternal mortality after adjusting for access to a healthcare facility. Complications of pregnancy and medical comorbidities were the strongest risk factors for maternal death (aOR 50.2, 95% CI 44.5 to 56.6). Together, the risk factors identified accounted for 89% (95% CI 0.887 to 0.894) of the AUROC.ConclusionsMaternal mortality in India’s EAG states greatly exceeds the national average. The identified risk factors demonstrate the importance of improving the quality of pregnancy care. Notably, the study showed that the risk conferred by poor socioeconomic status could be mitigated by universal access to healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth.
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Tripathy, Tridibesh, Shankar Das, Anjali Tripathy, D. P. Singh, D. R. Sahu, Rakesh Dwivedi und Mohini Gautam. „Case Studies on Maternal & Newborn Care among Recently Delivered Women of Scheduled Caste Community through the Role of ASHA in Banda District of Uttar Pradesh, India“. South Asian Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 5, Nr. 03 (27.05.2023): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjhss.2023.v05i03.008.
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When ASHAs were introduced in NRHM in 2005, their primary aim was to visit homes of newborns as the first program in UP operated through the ASHAs was the Comprehensive Child Survival Program in 2008. Since then, tracking of all deliveries and all the newborns are an integral part of the work of ASHAs in all the primary health care programs operated by the NHM in UP. Evaluation studies on the performance of ASHAs was done since 2011 as by then ASHAs had actually worked in the field for a minimum period of 5 years. It is to be noted that National Rural Health Mission was rolled out in April 2005 but it took about one to two years for the states to hire ASHAs and put things in place right from the state to the village level. In this article, a comprehensive feedback is elicited from the mothers of Scheduled Caste (SC) community from the last visit of ASHAs to their homes to visits during pregnancy & newborn care in Saharanpur district of UP. The current study explores some of the crucial variables through five case studies on the performance of ASHAs through their message delivery & visits during natal, newborn care of mothers of Scheduled Caste (SC) community. The article also includes the feedback of the SC community mothers on the work & approach of ASHAs. That’s how the perception of the Recently Delivered Women of SC community in the state of UP is included in this article. The mothers of SC community responded about the performance based upon their experience in visits & messaging by ASHAs on Janani Surakhya Yojana (JSY), New Born Care (NBC) & Routine Immunization (RI) as these were the frontline programs for the states. The responses of these mothers or Recently Delivered Women (RDW) (as named for the current study) had a 3 to 6 months old child during the time of survey. They were selected as respondents as they were from SC community & were in a position to recollect the health care events of their children. The relevance of the study assumes significance as data on the details of visits, care and message during pregnancy, newborn care, postnatal care & perception or feedback details on the health personnel’s performance is usually not collected from the mothers of Scheduled Caste (SC) communities through case studies. Such responses that collect feedback on the work & approach of ASHAs including the care & visits during all the stages of maternal & newborn care of SC community mothers are not the focus in very large-scale health surveys like National Family Health Surveys. Such feedback that go beyond work & focus on the opinion of mothers on the work & approach of ASHAs come under the ambit of social audits. The audits gain more teeth when the feedback is solicited from the mothers of SC communities. It is important to note that social audit is an integral part of the National Health Mission document but it is not a priority activity of NHM. Usually, the responses, knowledge of trained health personnel are assessed in many studies while neglecting the response & perception of the community members. Here in this article, the same mothers & that too from the socially unprivileged SC community mothers talk about their feedback on the work & approach of ASHAs including the performance of ASHAs through message delivery & visits. Here also it is seen that usually, the trained health personnel become the respondents as part of evaluation of their timely actions in many other studies. The uniqueness of the current study is that the SC community mothers become the pivot around which all the modalities move. A total of four districts of Uttar Pradesh were selected purposively for the study and the data collection was conducted among the RDWs in the villages of the respective districts with the help of a pre-tested structured interview schedule with only open-ended questions. Banda was one such district. These in-depth interviews collected descriptive details as responded by RDWs. The responses were collected in Hindi language and were translated to English language later for the case studies to cater to a large audience. The qualitative data were conducted amongst the RDWs and a total of 5 respondents participated in the study in the district. The summary of the case studies reflected that regarding the last visits, the ASHAs of Banda district had poor work performance on three variables. All the mothers in the district received information on arranging transportation for an institutional delivery. One mother had home delivery. Regarding availing the JSSK and JSY benefit, only one mother did not receive the benefits. Mothers also did not receive the critical information regarding cord care from the ASHAs in Banda district. The advice on skin to skin care was also poor in the district. All the 5 mothers received the advice on referral in Banda district. All the mothers in Banda district opined that they were satisfied with the approach of ASHAs as a community worker. Regarding the approach, the mothers ...