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Feng, Lingyun, Minghui Qiu, Yaliang Li, Hai-Tao Zheng und Ying Shen. „Learning to Augment for Data-scarce Domain BERT Knowledge Distillation“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, Nr. 8 (18.05.2021): 7422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i8.16910.
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Despite pre-trained language models such as BERT have achieved appealing performance in a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, they are computationally expensive to be deployed in real-time applications. A typical method is to adopt knowledge distillation to compress these large pre-trained models (teacher models) to small student models. However, for a target domain with scarce training data, the teacher can hardly pass useful knowledge to the student, which yields performance degradation for the student models. To tackle this problem, we propose a method to learn to augment data for BERT Knowledge Distillation in target domains with scarce labeled data, by learning a cross-domain manipulation scheme that automatically augments the target domain with the help of resource-rich source domains. Specifically, the proposed method generates samples acquired from a stationary distribution near the target data and adopts a reinforced controller to automatically refine the augmentation strategy according to the performance of the student. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on different NLP tasks, and for the data-scarce domains, the compressed student models even perform better than the original large teacher model, with much fewer parameters (only ~13.3%) when only a few labeled examples available.
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Buhr, Russell G., Ruby Romero und Lauren E. Wisk. „Promotion of Knowledge and Trust Surrounding Scarce Resource Allocation Policies“. JAMA Health Forum 5, Nr. 10 (18.10.2024): e243509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.3509.
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ImportanceThe COVID-19 pandemic prompted rapid development of scarce resource allocation policies (SRAPs) in case demand for critical health services eclipsed capacity.ObjectiveTo test whether a brief educational video could improve knowledge of how the University of California Health’s SRAP would be implemented and trust in health systems to implement such policies in accordance with ethical principles during the pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial used an educational video intervention embedded in a longitudinal web-based survey and was conducted between May and December 2020 and analyzed during March 2024. A total of 1971 adult participants were enrolled, of whom 939 completed follow-up; participants with matched baseline and follow-up responses were analyzed. California residents were randomized to view the intervention (n = 345) or not (n = 353) and stratified by age, sex, education, racial identity, and self-reported health care worker status. Non-California residents were allocated to the control group (n = 241).InterventionsA brief (6-minute) “explainer” video that provided an overview of mechanics and ethical principles underpinning the University of California Health SRAP, subtitled in 6 languages.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported survey assessment of knowledge of components of SRAP, graded as correct vs incorrect, and trust graded on a 10-point Likert scale. Anxiety about such policies was graded on a 10-point Likert scale with an a priori noninferiority margin of half of a standard deviation. Participants answered items at baseline and follow-up (approximately 10 weeks after baseline), with randomization occurring between administrations.ResultsOf 770 randomized participants with responses at both points, 566 (73.5%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 43.5 (36-57) years. Intervention participants demonstrated improvement of 5.6 (95% CI, 4.8-6.4; P < .001) more correct knowledge items of 20 vs controls, as well as significant improvements in reported trust in fairness/consistency and honesty/transparency about SRAP implementation. There was no significant change in reported anxiety surrounding SRAP in either treatment or control groups.Conclusions and RelevanceThe trial found that a brief educational video is sufficient to explain complex ethical tenets and mechanics of SRAP and improved knowledge of such policies and trust in health systems to implement them equitably while not exacerbating anxiety about potential policy implications. This informs practice by providing a framework for educating people about the use of these policies during future situations necessitating crisis standards of care.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04373135
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Zhou, Jie, Weixin Zeng, Hao Xu und Xiang Zhao. „Active Temporal Knowledge Graph Alignment“. International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 19, Nr. 1 (16.02.2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.318339.
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Entity alignment aims to identify equivalent entity pairs from different knowledge graphs (KGs). Recently, aligning temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) that contain time information has aroused increasingly more interest, as the time dimension is widely used in real-life applications. The matching between TKGs requires seed entity pairs, which are lacking in practice. Hence, it is of great significance to study TKG alignment under scarce supervision. In this work, the authors formally formulate the problem of TKG alignment with limited labeled data and propose to solve it under the active learning framework. As the core of active learning is to devise query strategies to select the most informative instances to label, the authors propose to make full use of time information and put forward novel time-aware strategies to meet the requirement of weakly supervised temporal entity alignment. Extensive experimental results on multiple real-world datasets show that it is important to study TKG alignment with scarce supervision, and the proposed time-aware strategy is effective.
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Baird, Theodore. „Knowledge of practice: A multi-sited event ethnography of border security fairs in Europe and North America“. Security Dialogue 48, Nr. 3 (27.03.2017): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010617691656.
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This article takes the reader inside four border security fairs in Europe and North America to examine the knowledge practices of border security professionals. Building on the border security as practice research agenda, the analysis focuses on the production, circulation, and consumption of scarce forms of knowledge. To explore situated knowledge of border security practices, I develop an approach to multi-sited event ethnography to observe and interpret knowledge that may be hard to access at the security fairs. The analysis focuses on mechanisms for disseminating and distributing scarce forms of knowledge, technological materializations of situated knowledge, expressions of transversal knowledge of security problems, how masculinities structure knowledge in gendered ways, and how unease is expressed through imagined futures in order to anticipate emergent solutions to proposed security problems. The article concludes by reflecting on the contradictions at play at fairs and how to address such contradictions through alternative knowledges and practices.
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Tune, Kula Kekeba, und Vasudeva Varma. „Building CLIA for Resource-Scarce African Languages“. International Journal of Information Retrieval Research 5, Nr. 1 (Januar 2015): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijirr.2015010104.
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Since most of the existing major search engines and commercial Information Retrieval (IR) systems are primarily designed for well-resourced European and Asian languages, they have paid little attention to the development of Cross-Language Information Access (CLIA) technologies for resource-scarce African languages. This paper presents the authors' experience in building CLIA for indigenous African languages, with a special focus on the development and evaluation of Oromo-English-CLIR. The authors have adopted a knowledge-based query translation approach to design and implement their initial Oromo-English CLIR (OMEN-CLIR). Apart from designing and building the first OMEN-CLIR from scratch, another major contribution of this study is assessing the performance of the proposed retrieval system at one of the well-recognized international Cross-Language Evaluation Forums like the CLEF campaign. The overall performance of OMEN-CLIR was found to be very promising and encouraging, given the limited amount of linguistic resources available for severely under-resourced African languages like Afaan Oromo.
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Sheng, Yang, Jiahan Zhang, Chunhao Wang, Fang-Fang Yin, Q. Jackie Wu und Yaorong Ge. „Incorporating Case-Based Reasoning for Radiation Therapy Knowledge Modeling: A Pelvic Case Study“. Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 18 (01.01.2019): 153303381987478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033819874788.
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Knowledge models in radiotherapy capture the relation between patient anatomy and dosimetry to provide treatment planning guidance. When treatment schemes evolve, existing models struggle to predict accurately. We propose a case-based reasoning framework designed to handle novel anatomies that are of same type but vary beyond original training samples. A total of 105 pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy cases were analyzed. Eighty cases were prostate cases while the other 25 were prostate-plus-lymph-node cases. We simulated 4 scenarios: Scarce scenario, Semiscarce scenario, Semiample scenario, and Ample scenario. For the Scarce scenario, a multiple stepwise regression model was trained using 85 cases (80 prostate, 5 prostate-plus-lymph-node). The proposed workflow started with evaluating the feature novelty of new cases against 5 training prostate-plus-lymph-node cases using leverage statistic. The case database was composed of a 5-case dose atlas. Case-based dose prediction was compared against the regression model prediction using sum of squared residual. Mean sum of squared residual of case-based and regression predictions for the bladder of 13 identified outliers were 0.174 ± 0.166 and 0.459 ± 0.508, respectively ( P = .0326). For the rectum, the respective mean sum of squared residuals were 0.103 ± 0.120 and 0.150 ± 0.171 for case-based and regression prediction ( P = .1972). By retaining novel cases, under the Ample scenario, significant statistical improvement was observed over the Scarce scenario ( P = .0398) for the bladder model. We expect that the incorporation of case-based reasoning that judiciously applies appropriate predictive models could improve overall prediction accuracy and robustness in clinical practice.
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Machado, Andreia, Araci Hack und Maria José Sousa. „Globalization: Intersection Between Communication, Innovation and Knowledge“. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 4, Nr. 4 (2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.44.3003.
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Advances in technological possibilities have made communication present in different media and spaces. By enabling interaction between different countries, by becoming a facilitator between knowledge and innovation in the globalized world, it has opened frontiers by providing innovations in various sectors of the knowledge society. In this sense, the objective in this article is to map the intersection of communication, innovation and knowledge in the globalized world. To that end, the methodology used in the research was the systematic search of literature that pointed out that the intersection is motivated by the use of innovative technologies in the process of knowledge sharing, and studies are still scarce in this area. It is possible to perceive, further, that this intersection is branched out, through Social Sciences, Business, Management and Accounting, Computer Science, Medicine, Engineering, Decision Sciences, Nursing, Arts and Humanities, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Psychology, aligned Health Professions, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Energy, Environmental Science, Mathematics, Materials Science, Multidisciplinary, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical and Veterinary.
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Rodríguez-Baiget, María José, Alexander Maz Machado, José Carlos Casas del Rosal und Arnaldo Vergara-Romero. „The scarce representation of women university professors in research groups“. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 13, Nr. 3 (01.06.2024): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i3.27291.
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Women university teachers in Spain simultaneously have teaching and research careers that interrelate to develop their competencies in both fields. However, as in other fields, there is not yet gender equality in representation and leadership. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of the presence and role of female university teachers-researchers in the different research groups of public universities in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia that apply for competitive calls for projects, according to the different fields of knowledge to which they belong. A total of 2,445 research groups in nine universities were identified. The largest number of groups belonging to the Humanities field. Among the members of all the groups, there is a lower presence of women compared to men. There is also a negative gender gap in the roles of responsibility and management of research groups, which is reflected in both horizontal and vertical segregation and the existence of a glass ceiling for Andalusian female teachers.
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Serafini, M. „Rise and falls of dietary antioxidants for disease prevention: Magic bullets, false myth or scarce knowledge?“ European Journal of Pharmacology 668 (September 2011): e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.09.203.
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Merriman, Juanitas, Pete Keohane und Emma Hodges. „A scarce resource: Psychiatrists’ perceptions of referring over 75s for psychological therapy“. FPOP Bulletin: Psychology of Older People 1, Nr. 144 (Oktober 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpop.2018.1.144.64.
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This study sought to understand why referrals for psychological therapies reduce with age within an older person’s mental health service. Individual interviews took place with six psychiatrists and a thematic analysis was conducted. Findings suggest that being over 75 signalled the presence of other factors such as; suitability of alternative interventions, cohort characteristics and doubts over therapeutic efficacy. Referral behaviour did not seem to be driven by prejudice but was influenced by the referrers’ knowledge and bias, service availability and age related complexities. This highlights the risk of inadvertently disadvantaging older people and suggests more psychology provisions are required to meet their needs.
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Nießen, Sonja, und Hermann Ney. „Statistical Machine Translation with Scarce Resources Using Morpho-syntactic Information“. Computational Linguistics 30, Nr. 2 (Juni 2004): 181–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120104323093285.
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In statistical machine translation, correspondences between the words in the source and the target language are learned from parallel corpora, and often little or no linguistic knowledge is used to structure the underlying models. In particular, existing statistical systems for machine translation often treat different inflected forms of the same lemma as if they were independent of one another. The bilingual training data can be better exploited by explicitly taking into account the interdependencies of related inflected forms. We propose the construction of hierarchical lexicon models on the basis of equivalence classes of words. In addition, we introduce sentence-level restructuring transformations which aim at the assimilation of word order in related sentences. We have systematically investigated the amount of bilingual training data required to maintain an acceptable quality of machine translation. The combination of the suggested methods for improving translation quality in frameworks with scarce resources has been successfully tested: We were able to reduce the amount of bilingual training data to less than 10% of the original corpus, while losing only 1.6% in translation quality. The improvement of the translation results is demonstrated on two German-English corpora taken from the Verbmobil task and the Nespole! task.
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Teixeira, Eduardo Kunzel, Mirian Oliveira und Carla Curado. „Linking knowledge management processes to innovation“. Management Research Review 43, Nr. 3 (05.10.2019): 332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-10-2018-0391.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the relationship between knowledge management processes and innovation (KM-IN) in Brazilian and Portuguese companies. Design/methodology/approach The tests were performed using a sequential mixed-method approach. Quantitative analysis was conducted using 341 observations from Brazilian and Portuguese companies and partial least squares techniques. Qualitative analysis was conducted using ten interviews and content analysis techniques. Findings Results showed differences between Brazilian and Portuguese companies with respect to the relationship between knowledge sharing process and innovation. Portuguese companies cope with the geographical dispersal of operations and the lack of interpersonal skills by introducing formal knowledge sharing processes. Practical implications Findings demonstrate that the transfer of knowledge processes to foreign countries may demand adjustments according to cultural traits. Specifically, the findings will be of interest to firms intending to expand their activities between Brazil and Portugal. Originality/value Although researchers have investigated the influence of the national context in many countries, country comparisons are still scarce.
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Malsch, Florence, und Gilles Guieu. „How to get more with less? Scarce resources and high social ambition: effectuation as KM tool in social entrepreneurial projects“. Journal of Knowledge Management 23, Nr. 10 (09.12.2019): 1949–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-12-2018-0745.
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Purpose This paper aims to integrate research on KM with the effectuation approach. This paper will add to the understanding of effectuation as a KM tool in the context of social entrepreneurial networks. Although researchers agree that the lack of resources is a structural point for the context of social entrepreneurship and that knowledge is crucial in social entrepreneurship, only few studies deal with trying to understand how resources and knowledge are obtained, transformed and managed. An effectual approach seems to be particularly appropriate to work on this subject. Design/methodology/approach A literature review leads to a theoretical model that is tested in a single-case study of a French entrepreneurial project. Findings The empirical study not only shows the legitimacy of using an effectual approach but also puts forward three concepts that enable a better understanding of the access to resources and knowledge and their use in the context of social entrepreneurship. This study contributes to the knowledge management literature in identifying the process of gathering and sharing external resources and knowledge through an effectual process led by the entrepreneur and by the network. Research limitations/implications The results complement the extant KM literature on the following points: identify the cumulative and absorptive process of knowledge from the network, contributing to the question of KM for growth and corporate entrepreneurship; answer to the claim from Durst and Runar Edvardsson (2012) to develop a greater understanding of knowledge identification, storage and utilization in small businesses; add to the topics of knowledge sharing, knowledge transfer and knowledge creation; and show that stages of creating, identifying, sharing and absorbing knowledge from/with the network are embedded in an effectual approach. Practical implications The lack of resources should not lead the entrepreneur to a dead end, but rather invite him/her to better raise following questions: Who can help me to get the missing resource? How could I develop the project without these resources and knowledge? The entrepreneur is invited to search more flexibility in the making of the project, and to seek more support from the network. A second important implication is a guideline that can be followed by business incubators to give better advice and guidance to social entrepreneurs. Originality/value The paper links effectuation, KM and social entrepreneurship literatures. The identification of the role of the network in knowledge creation, identification and sharing is valuable for both researchers and practitioners.
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Krishna, Hemlata Nirala, Shashi Kant Suryavanshi, Sachin Kumar, Harendra Kumar und Amar Nath. „Rice Production in Water-Scarce Environments: A Review of Conservation Agriculture Techniques“. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, Nr. 11 (13.11.2024): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i111654.
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Rice is a critical crop for global food security, but its production is increasingly threatened by water scarcity. Conservation agriculture (CA) techniques have been identified as a promising approach to address this challenge. This review synthesizes the current state of knowledge on CA techniques for rice production in water-scarce environments, focusing on their effects on soil health, water productivity, and rice yields. We examine the evidence from various studies and identify the constraints and opportunities for adoption among smallholder farmers. Our review highlights the potential of CA techniques to improve rice production in water-scarce environments, but also emphasizes the need for further research and support to address the challenges faced by smallholder farmers. By promoting the adoption of CA techniques, we can enhance the resilience of rice production systems and contribute to global food security.
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Elishakoff, Isaac, und Pierluigi Colombi. „Combination of probabilistic and convex models of uncertainty when scarce knowledge is present on acoustic excitation parameters“. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 104, Nr. 2 (April 1993): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(93)90197-6.
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Byford, Sarah, und Iris Molosankwe. „Valuing knowledge of the cost and cost-effectiveness of medicines“. Psychiatrist 34, Nr. 9 (September 2010): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.030155.
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SummaryKnowledge of the cost of pharmaceuticals is an important step towards cost-effective prescribing, yet evidence presented by Singh and colleagues highlights a lack of awareness of the cost of psychotropic medication among doctors in one NHS foundation trust and failures in the dissemination of cost data. These findings support the existence of substantial barriers to the success of cost-effective prescribing strategies in the UK. The next, and more challenging step, is to explore knowledge of the relative cost-effectiveness of pharmaceuticals, since knowledge of cost alone is inadequate to ensure prescribing practices make a meaningful constribution to the efficient use of scarce health service resources.
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GATEAU, THIERRY, und LAURENT SIMON. „CLOWN SCOUTING AND CASTING AT THE CIRQUE DU SOLEIL: DESIGNING BOUNDARY PRACTICES FOR TALENT DEVELOPMENT AND KNOWLEDGE CREATION“. International Journal of Innovation Management 20, Nr. 04 (Mai 2016): 1640006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919616400065.
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A significant part of management in creative organisations is the discovery, development, and engagement of the creative talents. These activities require practices at the intersection of talent management, knowledge management and HR management. In this paper, we observed a bootcamp held at Cirque du Soleil in order to experiment with new casting and training practices for a scarce and specific occupational creative community: clowns. Our study shows that this bootcamp provides context at the borders of distinct practices: recruitment, training, and exploration. This intermediary zone allows the emergence of a boundary practice: the co-construction of what actors of the organisation and members of the communities do, make and learn to connect, create and understand new meaning of their shared reality in performance and exploration. This concept contributes to an improved understanding of the management of scarce talents in knowledge-and-creativity intensive fields, as hi-tech industries, software development, engineering, or creative industries.
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Chen, Chen, Gerhard Sonnert, Philip M. Sadler und Susan Sunbury. „The Impact of High School Life Science Teachers’ Subject Matter Knowledge and Knowledge of Student Misconceptions on Students’ Learning“. CBE—Life Sciences Education 19, Nr. 1 (März 2020): ar9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-08-0164.
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One of the foundational assumptions in education is that greater teacher knowledge contributes to greater gains in student knowledge, but empirical evidence in support of this assumption is scarce. Using a U.S. sample of 79 biology teachers and their 2749 high school students, we investigate whether teachers’ subject matter knowledge (SMK) and knowledge of students’ misconceptions (KOSM) in high school life science are associated with students’ posttest performance on multiple-choice test items designed to reveal student misconceptions, after controlling for their pretest scores. We found that students were more likely to answer an item on the posttest correctly if their teachers could answer the question correctly, themselves (SMK). Teachers’ ability to predict students’ most common wrong answer (KOSM) for an item predicted even better student performance. Items for which a particular wrong answer rose above others in popularity saw an even greater benefit for teacher KOSM.
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Skarbø Solem, Marit. „Negotiating knowledge claims: Students’ assertions in classroom interactions“. Discourse Studies 18, Nr. 6 (05.10.2016): 737–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445616668072.
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This study examines interactional sequences in which students make assertions about topic-relevant matters in classroom interactions. Using a Conversation Analytical approach, I show how the students’ knowledge claims lead to negotiations of sequential and epistemic rights to make such claims. Through these negotiations, the students upgrade their epistemic stance by repeating or backing their claims with accounts and providing evidence of them. The teachers’ acceptance or rejection of the students’ initiatives displays an orientation to the sequential and topical relevance of the information provided by the students. This study contributes to a better understanding of student initiatives in the classroom, a topic that until now has received scarce attention. Additionally, it contributes knowledge about the negotiation of epistemic authority in relation to assertions and their responses, which may have more general implications for the study of talk-in-interaction.
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Wright, Peter, Marian Friestad und David M. Boush. „The Development of Marketplace Persuasion Knowledge in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults“. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 24, Nr. 2 (September 2005): 222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.2005.24.2.222.
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Conceptualizations of children's and adolescents' knowledge about advertising and persuasion have evolved considerably over the past three decades. However, empirical research on this topic has been scarce in the past two decades. The authors review the early and current models of children's marketplace persuasion knowledge for insights into the conceptual limits of prior empirical research and opportunities for research grounded in richer models of advertising knowledge. They discuss goals and directions for the next generation of research programs so that such research will yield more complete insights into children's and adolescents' advertising knowledge and provide a basis for future policy decisions.
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Bureau, Pauline. „Climate knowledge or climate debate?“ Terminology 30, Nr. 1 (18.07.2024): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.00076.bur.
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Abstract While media coverage of climate change has been shown to imply selective knowledge transformation (Carvalho 2007; Brand & Brunnengräber 2012; Kunelius & Roosvall 2021), studies assessing the potential for climate experts’ terminology to acquire ideological undertones as it enters mediatic discourses are still scarce. Through this article, we aim to compare the meaning climate experts and the media give to terms pertaining to climate change in English discourses and to determine whether potential cotextual variation in the discourses produced by these two communities have ideological implications. To this aim, we use the deep learning algorithm Word2vec (Mikolov et al. 2013; González Granado 2021) to identify terms whose cotext of occurrence is prone to high variability depending on whether it is included in a newspaper corpus on climate change or one composed of reports from intergovernmental organizations. We then rely on statistical tools from corpus linguistics to compare the main co-occurrences of two of the terms identified – adaptation and energy security –, which we combine with Critical Discourse Analysis (Baker et al. 2008) to interpret the variation in terms of meaning and ideological significance. Results suggest that the appropriation of expert terminology by the media does entail a certain degree of conceptual variation, which notably seems to allow for bringing issues of social justice, financing and energy transition into focus and assessing expert knowledge along those lines.
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Iriarte, A. G., W. J. Peláez, F. Fülöp und G. A. Argüello. „Vibrational spectra of solid cis- and trans-2-thioxohexahydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one and theoretical calculations towards the interpretation of its thermal reactivity“. RSC Advances 5, Nr. 54 (2015): 43345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra05645d.
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FT-Raman and FT-IR spectra ofcisandtrans2-thioxohexahydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one are reported. Both compounds are dimers in the solid phase, withC2symmetry. This work contributes to the knowledge of data which are rather scarce for quinazolinones.
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Shah, Haseeb, Johannes Villmow, Adrian Ulges, Ulrich Schwanecke und Faisal Shafait. „An Open-World Extension to Knowledge Graph Completion Models“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (17.07.2019): 3044–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013044.
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We present a novel extension to embedding-based knowledge graph completion models which enables them to perform open-world link prediction, i.e. to predict facts for entities unseen in training based on their textual description. Our model combines a regular link prediction model learned from a knowledge graph with word embeddings learned from a textual corpus. After training both independently, we learn a transformation to map the embeddings of an entity’s name and description to the graph-based embedding space.In experiments on several datasets including FB20k, DBPedia50k and our new dataset FB15k-237-OWE, we demonstrate competitive results. Particularly, our approach exploits the full knowledge graph structure even when textual descriptions are scarce, does not require a joint training on graph and text, and can be applied to any embedding-based link prediction model, such as TransE, ComplEx and DistMult.
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ESTÉVEZ, ANA LÍA, M. L. LÓPEZ RUF und E. P. HERNÁNDEZ. „Description of the preimaginal instars of Nerthra gaucha Estévez-Schnack (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gelastocoridae)“. Zootaxa 2444, Nr. 1 (04.05.2010): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2444.1.5.
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The current knowledge of postembryonic development of Gelastocoridae is scarce. All instars of gelastocorids are known only for two species, Gelastocoris oculatus oculatus (Fabricius) (Hungerford 1922, Brown & Mc Pherson 1994) (Gelastocorinae), and Nerthra ranina (Herrich-Schäffer) (Estévez & Schnack 1978) (Nerthrinae).
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Itou, Junko, Takayuki Higashi und Jun Munemori. „Proposal and Comparison of an Idea Generation Support System Presenting Words for the Use of Scarce Knowledge People“. Procedia Computer Science 60 (2015): 918–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.255.
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Costa, Marcela Larissa, Marcos da Silva Brandão, David Lima Oliveira, José Rodrigo Santos Silva und Raquel Simões Mendes-Netto. „Food processing knowledge among university students“. Research, Society and Development 11, Nr. 6 (20.04.2022): e7611628748. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i6.28748.
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The NOVA classification is not yet widely understood by the entire population and studies evaluating knowledge about the degree of food processing in university students are still scarce. In addition, it is unclear whether there is a difference in knowledge about the degree of food processing between academic areas in universities. Knowing that less knowledge can be a risk factor for risky eating habits, this study aims to assess the knowledge about food processing grade among university students. A cross-sectional study with 977 students. The questionnaire assessed knowledge about the degree of food processing (in natura, minimally processed, processed and ultra-processed). A linear regression analysis was used to demonstrate an association between overall knowledge about the degree of food processing and sociodemographic variables, academic areas and initial knowledge about the Brazilian food guide. The overall knowledge mean about the degree of food processing was 2.57 (1.37). The linear regression showed an association between age (p<0.001), having initial knowledge about the guide (p=0.01), being from the area of “Agrarian Sciences” (p<0.001) and “Biological and Health Sciences” (p<0.001) presenting the highest scores in overall knowledge. There was low overall knowledge about the degree of food processing among university students. Federal actions are needed to address this issue.
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Ma, Lei, Zheng Liu, Xiaojing Huang und Tao Li. „The Impact of Local Government Policy on Innovation Ecosystem in Knowledge Resource Scarce Region: Case Study of Changzhou, China“. Science, Technology and Society 24, Nr. 1 (03.01.2019): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971721818806096.
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With business today relying increasingly more on collaboration, new product development is also on a network base. The concept of innovation ecosystem is built upon knowledge creating and sharing across companies, knowledge institutions, policy regimes, business enterprises and industry boundaries. China as the largest emerging market has witnessed innovation with interaction among government, university, industry and research. Though government plays an important role in promoting innovation, not many studies have covered the detailed dynamic process and impact of policy on forming innovation ecosystem, especially in places where initial knowledge resources such as universities and research institutes are limited. Therefore, our article aims to fill in this research gap. Through document review and case study on Changzhou region of China, 1 we map out the local government policy concerns and changes during each stage of innovation ecosystem formation, development and expansion from 2001 to 2015. The interaction mechanism among government, university, industry and research is summarised with a proposed framework to highlight the key policy making areas. Further research areas are recommended with implication and conclusion.
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Durán-Sánchez, Amador, María de la Cruz del Río-Rama, José Álvarez-García und Mª Teresa Cabezas-Hernández. „Water Markets: Mapping Scientific Knowledge“. Water 14, Nr. 12 (13.06.2022): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121907.
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Water is a vital resource for citizens’ economic and social development. However, the uses to which it can be put often conflict. Possible solutions to mitigate disputes involve political options, scarce economic resources, and the search for mechanisms to ensure its adequate allocation. For over half a century, countries such as Australia, Spain, Chile, and the western states of the United States have been considering the possibility of using markets for rights of use. They are defined as formal or informal trading exchanges of rights, whose aim is to improve efficiency, ensure security of supply, and make allocations more flexible. In this context, the aim of this article is to show a current picture of the scientific production related to Water Markets using the comparative bibliometric study of the documents indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases as a tool. The advanced search of relevant terms resulted in the retrieval of 261 papers from WoS and 305 from Scopus, with a time limit of 2020, which make up the ad hoc basis of the analysis. From this basis, it can be deduced that the subject of the Water Market has been present in the scientific literature on a more or less regular basis since the beginning of the 1990s. However, it has emerged as a topical issue in recent years, being in a phase of exponential growth, which means that interest in the area is likely to continue in the coming years.
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Appel-Meulenbroek, Rianne, Bauke de Vries und Mathieu Weggeman. „Knowledge Sharing Behavior: The Role of Spatial Design in Buildings“. Environment and Behavior 49, Nr. 8 (26.10.2016): 874–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916516673405.
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Knowledge sharing during unplanned face-to-face meetings between employees is indispensable for innovation-based organizations. Spatial design of office buildings has been proven to influence the number of meetings dyads have at work, but research on the behavior during such meetings remains scarce. This article analyzes how several spatial variables relate to employee behavior during such meetings (joint activities, location, intentionality, and issues addressed). A 1-week diary of 138 employees from one research organization provided data on 918 knowledge-sharing meetings. Analysis of the building layout showed that behavior is particularly different at a very local level within the building. Chi-square tests showed that inter-visibility and proximity are most strongly associated with where knowledge was shared, while sharing a room and overhearing related significantly to how knowledge was shared.
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Ankamah, Eric Fifi, und Joseph Yao Amoah. „Sustainable Knowledge Investment and Returns in Ghana“. International Journal of Technology and Management Research 3, Nr. 1 (12.03.2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v3i1.67.
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This study measured the rate of returns for knowledge asset as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, (a human progress indicator) rather focuses on production and consumption of scarce tangible assets. Knowledge investment rate of return is beneficial, because, knowledge is a limitless intangible asset, growth enhancing and sustainable, thus, also averting the challenges of Knowledge Economy Index (KEI). Sustainable Knowledge Investment Returns can ensure quality higher education, improvement in scientific research and accelerate attainment or consolidation of achieved Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in a poor country like Ghana. The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Ghana, data from 2009 to 2015 was used. In 2009, a rate of return of approximately 54% was obtained through the production function method. The financial method was used to calculate the remaining mean rates of approximately 36% for 2010 and 2011, negative 18% for 2012 and 2013 and approximately 59% for 2014 and 2015. Fluctuation in investment returns were accounted for by investments, incentives and schemes that foster demand for knowledge (IP patenting etc). Establishment and or operationalisation of Knowledge Production Fund and its open competitive access were recommended for sustaining higher knowledge investment and returns.
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Zainuddin, Nurdiana, Wan Ismahanisa Ismail, Parameswari Nalliappan und Hidayah Karuniawati. „Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Conventional Medicine Among Thalassaemia In Malaysia: Conceptual paper“. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 9, Nr. 30 (31.10.2024): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v9i30.6191.
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Thalassaemia is chronic hereditary blood disorder. Medication has extended patients' lifespans, but research on their quality of life is scarce due to psychological impacts and medication adherence issues. The objective is to develop and validate a survey assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Malaysian thalassaemia patients towards medication. We will use an exploratory mixed-methods approach with ethical approval from UiTM. Phase I involves semi-structured interviews with thalassaemia patients. Phase II focusses on creating and validating KAP instruments with expert panels and pilot testing. The tools will help medical professionals gather data to improve treatment compliance.
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Williams III, George Robert. „Rationality: What It Is, Why It Matters, and Why It Seems Scarce by Steven Pinker“. Journal of Scientific Exploration 36, Nr. 3 (22.10.2022): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20222587.
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In his latest book, Rationality: What It Is, Why It Matters, Why It Seems Scarce, Steven Pinker brings attention to how we might strengthen our reasoning powers, as well as be more cognizant of the ways we might fall short. This mostly takes the form of a wide-ranging tour, acquainting us with various forms of fallacious reasoning as well as tools to improve our reasoning faculties. As a famous professor of psychology at Harvard, Pinker is arguably well-equipped to provide a comprehensive survey on various sorts of cognitive biases and ways of thinking about rationality. The book provides a useful introduction on various tools and models that arguably characterize rational thinking. But as I’ll discuss, despite his considerable knowledge and expository skills, he stumbles in areas where his own motivated reasoning clouds subject matter he is either attempting to explain or dismiss. In the first chapter, he notes that while rationality often appears to be in short supply, he provides evidence for its universality even among hunter–gatherer tribes, with the San of southern Africa being his example. Here, Pinker demonstrates that many of the sophisticated hunting and decision techniques employed by the San suit their goals admirably. But then Pinker pivots toward areas where our reasoning could be flawed in the areas of math, logic, and probability, according to psychologists. And he highlights that even experts in math or probability can succumb like the rest of us. How do we reconcile this with Pinker’s observation of the sophisticated reasoning of hunter–gatherers? Pinker eventually gives us something of an answer toward the end of the book, where he explains that we do much better with the problems we face in our immediate surroundings (and where there are real stakes) than relatively more abstract and remote problems.Pinker explains that rationality, essentially, is “a kit of cognitive tools that attain goals in particular worlds” (p. 5). Later, he puts it slightly differently as an “ability to use knowledge to attain goals” (p. 36). And for Pinker, knowledge is “justified true belief,” or the things we know confidently that are grounded in facts. Of course, Pinker acknowledges that our quest for truth requires epistemic humility, as perfect rationality and purely objective truth must elude all humans. But we can nevertheless aim to be aware of various rules and models of reasoning that can aid us in avoiding biases that obstruct rationality, and “allow us to approach the truth collectively in ways that are impossible for any of us individually” (p. 41). Much of the book provides a tour of cognitive biases and tools for avoiding them.
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Gallo, Antonella, Alice Lipari, Silvino Di Francesco, Eleonora Ianuà, Rosa Liperoti, Maria Camilla Cipriani, Anna Maria Martone, Erica De Candia, Francesco Landi und Massimo Montalto. „Platelets and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, Nr. 12 (07.06.2024): 6292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126292.
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Platelets have a fundamental role in mediating hemostasis and thrombosis. However, more recently, a new idea is making headway, highlighting the importance of platelets as significant actors in modulating immune and inflammatory responses. In particular, platelets have an important role in the development of vascular amyloid-b-peptide(ab) deposits, known to play a relevant role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through accumulation and deposition within the frontal cortex and hippocampus in the brain. The involvement of platelets in the pathogenesis of AD opens up the highly attractive possibility of applying antiplatelet therapy for the treatment and/or prevention of AD, but conclusive results are scarce. Even less is known about the potential role of platelets in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim to this brief review is to summarize current knowledge on this topic and to introduce the new perspectives on the possible role of platelet activation as therapeutic target both in AD and MCI.
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Alma’aitah, Mohammad, Bahman Ghiassi und Ali Dalalbashi. „Durability of Textile Reinforced Concrete: Existing Knowledge and Current Gaps“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 6 (19.03.2021): 2771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062771.
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This paper aims to provide a review of the current literature on the durability of textile-reinforced concrete and mortar (TRC/TRM) composites. Most previous studies have focused on the role of chemical attacks, freeze-thaw conditions, and high temperatures on the mechanical performance of these composites. Information on the long-term performance of TRCs under synergistic action of mechanical and environmental loads is scarce. Considering the variety of fabrics and matrices used for the production of TRC composites, the existing data are still very limited and comprehensive studies are needed in this field. Additionally, due to the lack of standard procedures, different approaches are often followed for durability or post-ageing mechanical tests, or sufficient data on the curing and post-ageing preparation procedures followed are not provided. These have led to incompatibility of the existing data and in some cases contradictory results on the durability of these materials.
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Núñez Jareño, Santos J., Daniël P. van Helden, Evgeny M. Mirkes, Ivan Y. Tyukin und Penelope M. Allison. „Learning from Scarce Information: Using Synthetic Data to Classify Roman Fine Ware Pottery“. Entropy 23, Nr. 9 (31.08.2021): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23091140.
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In this article, we consider a version of the challenging problem of learning from datasets whose size is too limited to allow generalisation beyond the training set. To address the challenge, we propose to use a transfer learning approach whereby the model is first trained on a synthetic dataset replicating features of the original objects. In this study, the objects were smartphone photographs of near-complete Roman terra sigillata pottery vessels from the collection of the Museum of London. Taking the replicated features from published profile drawings of pottery forms allowed the integration of expert knowledge into the process through our synthetic data generator. After this first initial training the model was fine-tuned with data from photographs of real vessels. We show, through exhaustive experiments across several popular deep learning architectures, different test priors, and considering the impact of the photograph viewpoint and excessive damage to the vessels, that the proposed hybrid approach enables the creation of classifiers with appropriate generalisation performance. This performance is significantly better than that of classifiers trained exclusively on the original data, which shows the promise of the approach to alleviate the fundamental issue of learning from small datasets.
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Li, Yen-Huei, Barbara Calcinai, Jiayi Lim und Christine H. L. Schönberg. „Bioerosion Research in the South China Sea: Scarce, Patchy and Unrepresentative“. Oceans 4, Nr. 1 (26.01.2023): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans4010005.
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Coral reefs are in decline globally, resulting in changed constructive and destructive processes. The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is of high biological importance, but also subjected to extreme local and global pressures. Yet, the regional calcium carbonate dynamics are not well understood, especially bioerosion. A literature search for research on bioerosion and bioeroders in the South China Sea found only 31 publications on bioerosion-related research and 22 biodiversity checklists that contained bioeroders, thus generating a paltry bibliography. Bioerosion research in the South China Sea is still undeveloped and reached only two publications per year over the last few years. Hong Kong is the hotspot of activities as measured in output and diversity of methods, but the research in Hong Kong and elsewhere was strongly favoring field surveys of sea urchins over other bioeroders. Overall, macroborers received almost equal attention as grazer-eroders, but interest in microborers was low. Almost 90% of the research was conducted by local workers, but 90% of the publications were still disseminated in English. Field surveys and laboratory analyses made up over 40% of the research, but experimental work was mostly missing and represents the largest, most important gap. A government initiative in Thailand generated much knowledge on the distribution of marine sponges; otherwise urchins were again prominent in diversity checklists. Comparatively, many checklists were produced for Vietnam from work by visiting scientists. Most studies investigated coastal habitats, but a fourth sampled at oceanic locations. About 36% of the checklist publications covered the entire South China Sea; the rest produced faunistic records for locations within single countries. Our efforts demonstrate that, while active bioerosion research and basic expertise exist in the South China Sea, research remained unrepresentative with respect to taxa, ecofunctional guilds, and especially to controlled experiments. The latter are urgently needed for prognoses, modelling and management in this populated and overused marine environment.
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SUGIMOTO, Takashi, und Yotaro TAKANO. „Anchoring effects when knowledge of the target is scarce: A comparison of a semantic model and a numerical model“. Japanese Journal of Cognitive Psychology 8, Nr. 2 (2011): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5265/jcogpsy.8.145.
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Geiser, Céline, Nicolas Ray, Anthony Lehmann und Sylvain Ursenbacher. „Unravelling landscape variables with multiple approaches to overcome scarce species knowledge: a landscape genetic study of the slow worm“. Conservation Genetics 14, Nr. 4 (24.03.2013): 783–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-013-0474-y.
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Tognoli, Natalia, und José Augusto Chaves Guimarães. „Provenance as a Knowledge Organization Principle“. KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 46, Nr. 7 (2019): 558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2019-7-558.
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The principle of provenance is one of the most important milestones in archival practice and theory from the time its establishment grounded the scientific dimension of archival discipline in the nineteenth century. Since then, provenance and document context have supported the organization of archival knowledge (especially through classification and description procedures). Such relationships were gradually refined over the years and from different experiences between European archives and their classification and ordering systems. Historically, the principle of provenance is a pivotal moment in the development of archival theory, crucial to understanding the nature of records and archives. However, in archival theory, the principle of provenance still does not correspond to a single term or a single definition and scarce normalization terminology remains one of the problems of archival science, which leads to a lack of consensus about the division between the two principles of provenance and original order. Recently, the concept of provenance has been addressed by many other disciplines (law, library and information science, computer science and visual analytics) and applied to different domains (cloud-based storage, preservation of digital records, digital evidence, digital humanities, e-science, open data, linked data, knowledge organization and indexing. As the use of provenance reaches new domains it is no longer just an organizing principle but also a means of reaching for authenticity and reliability of data and objects in digital environments or museums or to reestablish the original organic relationship in library collections.
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Huntington, Henry P. „Local Knowledge as a Resource for Nepal: Building Partnerships with Scientists and Conservationists“. Conservation Science 1, Nr. 1 (08.09.2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cs.v1i1.8577.
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Conservation cannot be carried out solely by professional biologists and conservationists. This is true everywhere, and perhaps especially in places where professional resources are scarce. There are, however, other resources to draw on for ideas and actions to conserve the environment and the human livelihoods that depend on a healthy environment. The knowledge, experience, and practices of local residents can contribute greatly to conservation efforts, especially in partnership with professionals. Based on recent experiences in rural Nepal, I describe three examples of the potential for such collaboration, which I interpret in part in light of my own work in the Arctic.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cs.v1i1.8577 Conservation Science 2013 1(1), 1–4
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Suitner, Caterina, Bruno Gabriel Salvador Casara, Stefania Maggi und Vincenzo Baldo. „An Independent Study to Compare Compliance, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Sources of Knowledge about Pneumococcal Vaccinations among an Italian Sample of Older Adults“. Vaccines 10, Nr. 4 (23.03.2022): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040490.
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Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of pneumoniae deaths, especially among elderly individuals, with the vaccine being the primary prevention instrument. However, information on national vaccine coverage among the elderly population is scarce and sparse. Methods: A survey involved a representative sample of Italians older than 65 years (n = 600), who agreed to participate in the study through a phone interview. Participants’ self-reported pneumococcal vaccination status, vaccine literacy, information source, and risk perception related to the infection and to vaccines-adverse reactions were assessed. Results: The reported vaccination status is very low (11.2%), with respondents largely uninformed about vaccination opportunities. The results also show that the predominant (and most effective) source of information is healthcare providers, with vaccine hesitancy being positively linked to risk perception related to disease and negatively linked to risk perception of vaccine adverse reactions. Conclusions: This study suggests the need to collect data to systematically monitor vaccination coverage and calls for information campaigns to improve elderly literacy to increase vaccination uptake.
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Tannock, T. C. A., und R. F. Cook. „A Case of a Delusional Psychotic Syndrome in the Setting of Werner's Syndrome (Adult Progeria)“. British Journal of Psychiatry 152, Nr. 5 (Mai 1988): 703–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.5.703.
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The literature on Werner's syndrome is scarce, and to our knowledge, no documented evidence is available to substantiate central nervous system involvement in this multisystem disease. We present a case of Werner's syndrome associated with recurrent delusional psychosis in the presence of cognitive impairment and computerised tomography (CT) radiological changes in the posterior cerebral cortex.
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Zhou, Dan, Mika Kautonen, Hecheng Wang und Lin Wang. „How to interact with knowledge-intensive business services: A multiple case study of small and medium manufacturing enterprises in China“. Journal of Management & Organization 23, Nr. 2 (01.08.2016): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.23.
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AbstractEmpirical support for the process and mechanism of interactions with knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) is scarce, particularly with regard to small and medium manufacturing enterprises (SMMEs). Our study investigated how four SMMEs in China’s electrical appliance industry cluster attained high performance through interactions with KIBS. For our research, knowledge integration can be understood as knowledge identification, knowledge accession, and knowledge utilization. We investigated the mechanism involved in interactions between SMMEs and KIBS by tentative multiple case studies, and found that interactions with technology-based KIBS improved the performance of SMMEs by influencing their knowledge accession and knowledge utilization. Interactions with traditional professional KIBS, however, mainly influence SMMEs’ knowledge identification and knowledge accession. technology-based KIBS generally acts as a knowledge source and professional KIBS as a knowledge bridge for SMMEs. Interaction with technology-based KIBS is a kind of complementary interaction, while interaction with professional KIBS is a kind of supplementary interaction.
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Gul, Shahnawaz, und Otto Müller Patrão de Oliveira. „First records of two lobate comb-jellies (Ctenophora) from the Pakistani coast“. Check List 11, Nr. 4 (14.06.2015): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1677.
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The knowledge on the comb-jellies faunistics along the southern Asian coast is very scarce. For some countries such as Pakistan there are no previous formal records of ctenophores. This study is a first survey to the group diversity along Pakistani coast, resulting in the first records of two lobate species, Bolinopsis infundibulum and Ocyropsis maculata.
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MANGIAROTTI, GIOVANNI, und ANNE-LAURE MENTION. „INVESTIGATING FIRM-LEVEL EFFECTS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON INNOVATION PERFORMANCE“. International Journal of Innovation Management 19, Nr. 01 (22.01.2015): 1550012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919615500127.
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This study contributes to the scarce stream of literature that concentrates on measuring the firm-level effects of knowledge management (KM) strategies on innovation performance. It evaluates the impact of codification and personalisation strategies, both individually and jointly, distinguishing between innovation propensity and innovation output. The research applies a knowledge production function (KPF) approach to the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) data for Luxembourg. Reliance on internationally agreed definitions and focus on an open international economy largely dominated by innovative service firms provide an original and significant contribution to the available empirical literature. Findings indicate that personalisation and codification effects on innovation propensity are highly comparable. In contrast, personalisation exerts a positive effect on innovation output, whereas codification does not. Results further advocate that codification affects output only when combined with personalisation. However, the adoption of mixed strategies does not seem to be more effective than a pure personalisation strategy.
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Zeng, Xinyi, Zhanlin Ji, Haiyang Zhang, Rui Chen, Qinping Liao, Jingkun Wang, Tao Lyu und Li Zhao. „DSP-KD: Dual-Stage Progressive Knowledge Distillation for Skin Disease Classification“. Bioengineering 11, Nr. 1 (10.01.2024): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11010070.
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The increasing global demand for skin disease diagnostics emphasizes the urgent need for advancements in AI-assisted diagnostic technologies for dermatoscopic images. In current practical medical systems, the primary challenge is balancing lightweight models with accurate image analysis to address constraints like limited storage and computational costs. While knowledge distillation methods hold immense potential in healthcare applications, related research on multi-class skin disease tasks is scarce. To bridge this gap, our study introduces an enhanced multi-source knowledge fusion distillation framework, termed DSP-KD, which improves knowledge transfer in a dual-stage progressive distillation approach to maximize mutual information between teacher and student representations. The experimental results highlight the superior performance of our distilled ShuffleNetV2 on both the ISIC2019 dataset and our private skin disorders dataset. Compared to other state-of-the-art distillation methods using diverse knowledge sources, the DSP-KD demonstrates remarkable effectiveness with a smaller computational burden.
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Stefaniak, Oliwia, Małgorzata Dobrzyńska, Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż und Juliusz Przysławski. „Diet in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Research Requirements“. Nutrients 14, Nr. 21 (30.10.2022): 4564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14214564.
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Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disease that is becoming a major health problem in today’s world due to the aging population. Despite it being widely known that diet has a significant impact on the prevention and progression of Alzheimer’s disease, the literature data are still scarce and controversial. The application of the principles of rational nutrition for the elderly is suggested for Alzheimer’s disease. The diet should be rich in neuroprotective nutrients, i.e., antioxidants, B vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Some studies suggest that diets such as the Mediterranean diet, the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, and the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet have a beneficial effect on the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.
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Salgado Costa, Carolina, Federico Rimoldi, María Leticia Peluso und Pablo Demetrio. „Linking environmental exposure and effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic biota: state of knowledge in Latin America“. Water Emerging Contaminants & Nanoplastics 2, Nr. 2 (2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/wecn.2023.08.
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The presence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the environment has been confirmed in different parts of the world, but mainly in North America and Europe. In Latin America, progress on this issue has not been as advanced, so we decided to compile the available information. The aim was to relate the environmental exposure of PhACs detected in fresh surface waters of Latin America, their bioaccumulation and lethal or sublethal effects. Most of the reported concentrations are in the same order of magnitude (113 PhACs in fresh surface water: 0.04-227,000 ng/L, 57 PhACs in aquatic biota: 0.02-652 ng/g d.w.) as those previously reported worldwide. The groups with the highest concentrations were analgesics/anti-inflammatories in water and antibiotics in biofilm. For effects, we found 67 no observed effect concentration (NOEC) values for 37 PhACs, 36 lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values for 26 PhACs and 45 lethal concentration (LC50) values for 31 PhACs. The only compound whose concentration in water exceeded the lowest LC50 value was acetaminophen (32,000 ng/L), which is an alarm signal for the need for further monitoring of this PhAC. In addition, acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazepine, propranolol, 17α-ethinylestradiol and 17β-estradiol were the only PhACs with NOEC and LOEC values below the concentration in water. At the regional level, the information available in Latin America is scarce and becomes even scarcer when bioaccumulation in aquatic biota is considered. At the global level, little ecotoxicological information is available. This review identifies knowledge gaps and serves as a guide and reference for further decision-making.
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Balijepally, VenuGopal, und Sridhar Nerur. „Social Capital and Knowledge Networks of Software Developers“. Journal of Database Management 30, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2019): 41–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2019100103.
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Software development is a problem-solving activity, where ideas are combined in complex ways to create a software product that embodies new knowledge. In this endeavor, software developers constantly look for actionable knowledge to help solve the problem at hand. While knowledge management efforts in the software development domain traditionally involved technical initiatives such as knowledge repositories, experience factories, and lessons-to-learn databases, there is a growing appreciation in the software community of the role of developers' personal knowledge networks in software development. However, research is scarce on the nature of these networks, the knowledge resources accessed from these networks, and the differences, if any, between developers of different experience levels. This research seeks to fill this void. Based on a case study in a software development organization, this research explores the nature of knowledge networks of developers from a social capital perspective. Specifically, it examines the structural and relational dimensions of developers' knowledge networks, identifies the specific actionable knowledge resources accessed from these networks, and explores how entry-level and more experienced developers differ along these dimensions. The findings from the qualitative analysis, backed by limited quantitative analysis of the case study data underpin the discussion, implications for practice and future research directions.
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Grosse, Maël, Anna Zhadan, Joachim Langeneck, Dieter Fiege und Alejandro Martínez. „Still Digging: Advances and Perspectives in the Study of the Diversity of Several Sedentarian Annelid Families“. Diversity 13, Nr. 3 (18.03.2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13030132.
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Sedentarian annelids are a diverse and heterogeneous group of marine worms representing more than 8600 species gathered in ca. 43 families. The attention brought to these organisms is unevenly distributed among these families, and the knowledge about them sometimes scarce. We review here the current knowledge about the families Acrocirridae, Cirratulidae (including Ctenodrilidae), Cossuridae, Longosomatidae, Paraonidae, and Sternaspidae in terms of biodiversity as well as the evolution of the taxonomy and systematics of each group. We present the challenges faced when studying these organisms and compare methodologies across groups and perspectives in future research.