Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Satmar rite“

Abstrak: Risiko serangan hama dan penyakit yang cukup tinggi pada usahatani padi sawah, terutama pada musim hujan, mengharuskan petani untuk mengorbankan biaya input yang lebih tinggi dalam mencegah dan memitigasi risiko yang mungkin terjadi. Semakin tingginya biaya yang dikorbandan berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan yang diterima petani. oleh karena itu, tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu untuk memperkenalkan sistem pertanian organik sebagai salah satu alternatif meningkatkan produksi, dan menurunkan biaya produksi dalam mencapai peningkatan pendapatan. Adapun metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan yakni dengan metode penyuluhan yang dilakukan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Mitra dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu 30 orang petani padi sawah dan 20 anak muda yang berada di Desa Satar Luju, Kecamatan Satar Mese Barat, Kabupaten Manggarai, NTT. Pada tahap evaluasi diperoleh adanya peningkatan pengetahuan petani terkait dengan sistem pertanian organik melalui hasil perhitungan pre test dan post tes. Adapun peningkatan pengetahuan yang diperoleh sebesar 26%, dengan perolehan nilai > 60.Abstract: Lowland rice production has a comparatively greater risk of an pest and disease attacks, especially during the wet season, consequently farmers have to pay higher input prices in order to prevent and mitigate potential dangers. The quantity of money received by farmers is affected by how much is sacrificed. In order to enhance productivity and decrease production costs in order to increase income, the goal of this community service project is to promote organic farming techniques as a substitute. The three stages of the extention method, which is utilized for implementation, are preparation, implementation, and evaluation. In Satar Luju Village, West Satar Mese District, Manggarai Regency, NTT, 20 young people and 30 rice paddy farmers participated in this community service project as partners.. Through the analysis of pre-test and post-test findings, it was discovered during the evaluation stage that farmers' knowledge of the organic farming system had increased. With an acquisition value of over 60, the increase in knowledge is 26%.

The Effect of Product Quality and Price on Purchase Intention for Selancar Rice (Case Study on Housewives in Kota Baru Jalan Kapten Satar RT. 10 RW. 03 Lahat). This research was conducted on housewives located at Jalan Kapten Satar RT 10 RW 03 No. 25 Kelurahan Kota Baru, Lahat District. The research objective was to see the effect of the product and price on buying interest in surfing rice. The regression equation Y = 10.588 + 0.453 X1 + 0.339 X2 + e. Based on statistical data analysis, the indicators in this study are valid and reliable. The individual order of each variable with the most influence is the product quality variable with a regression coefficient of 0.453 then the price variable with a regression coefficient of 0.339. Obtained t count variable product quality (X1) of 2.658> 2.011 and variable price (X2) obtained at 2.905> 2.011. This means that t is greater than t table, then H_0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Obtained an F calculated value of 7.009> 3.20 so that it can be ignored that there is a simultaneous (joint) influence between product quality (X1) and price (X2) on buying interest (Y) of surfing rice. Analysis of the coefficient of determination of 23% means that there is a very weak relationship between the independent variables and the related variables and the rest is 77%. By other factors that are not discussed in this study.

The Effect of Product Quality and Price on Purchase Intention for Selancar Rice (Case Study on Housewives in Kota Baru Jalan Kapten Satar RT. 10 RW. 03 Lahat). This research was conducted on housewives located at Jalan Kapten Satar RT 10 RW 03 No. 25 Kelurahan Kota Baru, Lahat District. The research objective was to see the effect of the product and price on buying interest in surfing rice. The regression equation Y = 10.588 + 0.453 X1 + 0.339 X2 + e. Based on statistical data analysis, the indicators in this study are valid and reliable. The individual order of each variable with the most influence is the product quality variable with a regression coefficient of 0.453 then the price variable with a regression coefficient of 0.339. Obtained t count variable product quality (X1) of 2.658> 2.011 and variable price (X2) obtained at 2.905> 2.011. This means that t is greater than t table, then H_0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Obtained an F calculated value of 7.009> 3.20 so that it can be ignored that there is a simultaneous (joint) influence between product quality (X1) and price (X2) on buying interest (Y) of surfing rice. Analysis of the coefficient of determination of 23% means that there is a very weak relationship between the independent variables and the related variables and the rest is 77%. By other factors that are not discussed in this study.

This research has been carried out in Hilihintir village, west Satar Mese district, manggarai regency. This research aims to determine (1) the factors that affect lowland rice farming, (2) how much technical efficiency is achieved in lowland rice farming, and (3) what are the sources of technical efficiency. Primary data were collected through interviews obtained from 61 respondents using questionnaires, the collected data were analyzed descriptively followed by frontier analysis 4.1c. The results showed that the variables of land area, seeds, labor, age and farmer group membership had positive effect on lowland rice farming, while the variables, fertilizers, pesticides, education level, farming experience and family dependents had a negative effect. The value of technical efficiency is 0.74 so that this farm is already technically efficient.

Provision of food as a basic need for Indonesian citizens is a strategic role of the agricultural sector. The government continues to encourage increased farming activities by facilitating the provision of subsidized fertilizers for farmers. This activityis intended as an incentive for farmers to increase productivity. In practice, facilitating the provision of subsidized fertilizers is not always effective. The research was focused on rice production centers in East Manggarai Regency, precisely in LambahLeda Utara District, namely Satar Padut Village. Primary data was obtained from interviews with 24 farmers, 2 agricultural shop owners who were distributors, and employees of the local Food Crops Agriculture Office. This research employeddescriptive qualitative in presenting the results. The effectiveness of facilitating the provision of subsidized fertilizers in Satar Padut Villagewas measured by four indicators, which consistedof price accuracy, quantity, time of availability, and type of fertilizer. The research results showedthat the four indicatorswere not yet effective.The price of fertilizer sold to farmers above the highest retail price, besides,therewas still a shortage of fertilizer, and the type of fertilizer distributedwas not in accordance with government recommendations and the allocation of subsidized fertilizerwas not timely.Penyediaan pangan sebagai kebutuhan pokok warga Indonesia merupakan peran strategis sektor pertanian. Pemerintah terus mendorong peningkatan kegiatan usaha tani melalui fasilitasi penyediaan pupuk bersubsidi bagi para petani. Kegiatan ini ditujukan sebagai insentif bagi petani dalam peningkatan produktivitas. Dalam prakteknya, fasilitasi penyediaan pupuk bersubsidi tidaklah selalu efektif. Penelitian difokuskan di sentra produksi padi Kabupaten Manggarai Timur, tepatnya di Kecamatan Lambah Leda Utara, yaitu Desa Satar Padut. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara kepada 24 petani, 2 pemilik toko pertanian yang merupakan distributor, dan pegawai Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan setempat. Penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dalam memaparkan hasil. Efektivitas fasilitasi penyediaan pupuk bersubsidi di Desa Satar Padut yang diukur dari empat indikator, yang terdiri atas ketepatan harga, kuantitas, waktu ketersediaan, dan jenis pupuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa keempat indikator tersebut belum efektif. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari harga pupuk yang dijual kepada para petani di atas harga eceran tertinggi, selain itu masih terjadi kelangkaan pupuk, dan jenis pupuk yang didistribusikan tidak sesuai dengan anjuran pemerintah serta pengalokasian pupuk bersubsidi tidak tepat waktu.

With the rise of satellite-as-a-service subscriptions as technology improves, our paper examines how satellite operators (SOs) can choose between traditional channels for selling satellites, satellite-as-a-service (SataaS), and dual-channel strategies. In the space supply chain, commercial satellites display several distinct characteristics that differentiate them from other physical commodities in traditional supply chains, most notably their exposure to significant launch risks. In addition, SataaS suffers from the risk of secure data transmission. However, the emergence of novel technologies such as blockchain technology (BCT) could help to mitigate such risks. Therefore, our study analyzes the optimal strategy among the sell, SataaS, and dual-channel approaches for SOs by considering the above distinctive characteristics in the case without blockchain and the case with blockchain. Our paper reveals the existence of a dual-channel strategy that generates the highest profit for the SO and yields the highest consumer utility when launch success is high and when SataaS fixed costs are low. When the launch success rate is very high, the dual-channel strategy transforms into a pure sell strategy. After the adoption of BCT, when the cost of BCT is low, the SO’s profit is enhanced in all three sales channels compared to the case without blockchain. Notably, in SataaS as well as in the dual-channel approach, the adoption of BCT always improves consumer utility compared to the case without blockchain. However, in the sell channel, the consumer benefits depend on the relatively low cost of blockchain customization.

Pakistan is passing through an early stage of fertility transition. The slow-paced transition has been analysed in an earlier study done by Sathar and Casterline (1998), which concludes that the increase in the levels of prevalence has accelerated the fertility transition in Pakistan and as a consequence marital fertility has declined. However, this claim is not supported by the relevant statistics. A re-examination reveals that the effect of contraception is the lowest in the decline of fertility. The rise in marriages and breastfeeding has played a significant inhibiting role in the decline of fertility and marital fertility has remained constant. The structural adjustment programme (SAP), initiated in late 1980s, has led to more poverty and the proportion of never-married has increased in Pakistan as revealed by the Population Census 1998. Labour force participation by the females increased in the post-SAP period. The new economic situation appears to be indirectly responsible for the decline of fertility, and it appears to be consistent with the Malthusian macro theory of fertility.

Blue green algae are the photosynthetic prokaryotes representing a wide distribution in habitat, i.e., temperate, tropical, and polar region. Paddy fields are the best studied aquatic ecosystems on earth which fulfill all the necessary demands required for blue green algal growth. Blue green algal role in enhancement of paddy yield has been studied worldwide. Sustainable utilization of an organism for community use depends on how successfully the ecology of that organism is understood. Twenty-eight chroococcalean blue green algal taxa were recorded from the study area. They were taxonomically investigated and found to belong to two families and 11 genera. The first family Chroococcaceae was the largest family with 10 genera and 26 species while the second family Entophysalidaceae had only one genus and two species. The genus Gloeocapsa from the family Chroococcaceae exhibited largest species diversity (21.42%), as well as taxa Chlorogloea fritschii of family Entophysalidaceae showed species abundance from the study area. All heterocystous blue green algal forms are capable of fixation of atmospheric N2. Many of the non-heterocystous or unicellular blue green algae also have the capacity of N2 fixation. The taxonomical documentation of chroococcalean blue green algae provide information about such indigenous unicellular blue green algae which will help in the development of niche specific inoculants as biofertilizers for rice fields of the study region.

BACKGROUND Poor posture like hunching forward is one of the most commonly practiced postures by women during breastfeeding. The maintenance of such postures for prolonged period can result in progressive weakness of the scapular muscles and subsequent increase in the kyphotic curve. Both lordosis and kyphosis increase during pregnancy and are observed to be maintained for up to 2 months postnatally. The thoracic spine position and slouched position significantly affects the scapular dynamics during scapular abduction resulting in decreased muscle forces. Thus, scapular dyskinesis, defined as an alteration of normal position or motion of the scapula during coupled scapulohumeral movements can occur as a result of decreased muscle forces. Thus, this gives rise to the need for evaluating scapular dyskinesis and its prevalence in postnatal women. The purpose of the study was to find the prevalence of scapular dyskinesis in breastfeeding postnatal women. METHODS An observational analytical study was undertaken at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, including a total of 40 subjects within the age group of (15 - 40) yrs. who had been breastfeeding for 6 months or more. These subjects were assessed for scapular dyskinesis using Yes / No test and the lateral scapular slide test (LSST). Kyphosis was assessed on observational basis through postural assessment in these individuals. Statistical analysis was done using the InStat app. RESULTS 67 % and 75 % of the subjects were found to be positive for scapular dyskinesis through Yes / No Test and LSST test respectively. Observational assessment showed that 55 % of the subjects were positive for kyphosis. Subjects demonstrated significant prevalence of scapular dyskinesis and subsequent kyphosis in postnatal females due to wrong ergonomic practice of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that women lack proper knowledge about the breastfeeding ergonomics leading to weakness of scapular muscles. Thus, a significant prevalence of scapular dyskinesis was seen in breastfeeding postnatal women. KEY WORDS Breastfeeding, Scapular Muscle Weakness, Kyphosis, Ergonomics, Scapular Dyskinesis

More than 35 species of blueberries (Vaccinium L.) and huckleberries (Vaccinium and Gaylussacia Kunth.) are indigenous to North America. The indigenous North American peoples, wise in the ways of survival, recognized the quality of these edible fruits and revered these plants. Beyond food needs, these plants played significant roles in their culture, sociology, economics, and spirituality. Because these traditions, developed and gathered over millennia, were transmitted orally, documentation of these uses have been determined through archeological data, written records from western civilization after first contact, and recent surveys of present-day native peoples. The wealth of indigenous knowledge on blueberries, huckleberries, and other foods was shared with European immigrants. These fruits were used by many tribes throughout North America. Samuel de Champlain documented that fresh and dried blueberries provided “manna in winter” when other food was scarce. Pemmican, a preserved concoction of lean meat, fat, and blueberries or other fruit, enabled survival. Blueberry products such as ohentaqué, hahique, satar, sakisatar, sautauthig, k’enkash, navag, and nunasdlut’i were important to Native Americans. Roger Williams, Meriwether Lewis, and Henry David Thoreau were each impressed with the uses of blueberries by indigenous Americans. The social, technological, and horticultural changes that gave rise to a commercial wild huckleberry and blueberry gathering and production history are summarized.

<p>abstract<br />This article aims to examine the role of Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) in handling illegal peer-to-peer (P2P) financial technology (fintech) in Indonesia. This role includes the handling carried out by the FSA to minimize the number of illegal fintech in Indonesia, both through supervision and arrangements related to illegal fintech. This type of empirical legal research, is descriptive, with primary data types. Literature study and interview data collection techniques, qualitative analysis techniques. Factors causing the rise of illegal fintech are normative and non-normative factors. Then the role of the OJK in making efforts to handle illegal P2P lending includes establishing Satgas Waspada Investasi, listing registered P2P lending and licensed on the official OJK website, socializing to the public about the characteristics of illegal P2P lending that must be avoided and data of illegal P2P lending in Indonesia, closing illegal P2P lending, blocking applications and illegal P2P lending websites on a regular basis, conducting selective checks on P2P lending companies that propose opening new accounts, applying special rules for P2P lending companies related to the fintech payment system , and submit information reports to the Criminal Investigation Police regarding cyber crime.<br />Keywords: Otoritas Jasa Keuangan; Illegal Fintech; Peer-to-Peer</p><p>abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peranan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dalam menangani financial technology (fintech) peer-to-peer (P2P) lending ilegal di Indonesia. Peranan tersebut meliputi penanganan yang dilakukan OJK untuk meminimalisir jumlah fintech ilegal di Indonesia, baik melalui pengawasan maupun pengaturan terkait fintech ilegal. Jenis penelitian hukum empiris, bersifat deskriptif, dengan jenis data primer. Teknik pengumpulan data studi kepustakaan dan wawancara, teknik analisis kualitatif. Faktor penyebab tumbuh maraknya fintech ilegal adalah adanya faktor normatif dan non-normatif. Kemudian peranan OJK dalam melakukan upaya penanganan P2P lending ilegal antara lain dengan membentuk Satgas Waspada Investasi, mencantumkan daftar P2P lending yang terdaftar dan berizin di website resmi OJK, mensosialisasikan kepada masyarakat terkait ciri-ciri P2P lending ilegal yang harus dihindari dan data P2P lending ilegal di Indonesia, melakukan penutupan terhadap P2P lending ilegal, pemblokiran aplikasi dan website P2P lending ilegal secara rutin, melakukan pemeriksaan secara selektif bagi perusahaan P2P lending yang mengajukan pembukaan rekening baru, memberlakukan aturan khusus bagi perusahaan P2P lending terkait fintech payment system, dan menyampaikan laporan informasi kepada Bareskrim Polri terkait tindakan cyber crime.<br />Kata Kunci: Otoritas Jasa Keuangan; Fintech Ilegal; Peer-to-Peer Lending</p>

The Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 30/2021 on the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in Higher Education (Permendikbud 30/2021) was issued since the rise of cases of sexual violence in universities. The reluctance of the victim to report or disclose the events that happened to him so that this incident is like an iceberg phenomenon. Permendikbud No. 30 of 2021 was formed to protect the entire academic community in the university environment from sexual threats so as to create a comfortable and safe campus life. This service activity aims to provide understanding and knowledge to the academic community of Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu about the importance of preventing and handling sexual violence in the university environment. The method used is the socialization of the Permendikbud No. 30 of 2021 concerning the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence. The service partners are students at Midwifery Department at the Palu Study Program and Poso Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu. The result of this activity is that all students know and get clear information about the new rules regarding the prevention and handling of sexual violence in the university environment. It is hoped that the Poltekkes of the Ministry of Health of Palu can further improve the provision of socialization and education related to the prevention and handling of sexual violence and create a Working Group/Satgas within the Poltekkes of the Ministry of Health of Palu. ABSTRAK Permendikbud Nomor 30 Tahun 2021 tentang Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual di Lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi dikeluarkan sejak maraknya kasus kekerasan seksual di lingkungan perguruan tinggi. Keengganan korban untuk melapor atau mengungkap peristiwa yang menimpa dirinya sehingga kejadian ini bagai fenomena gunung es. Permendikbud No.30 Tahun 2021 dibentuk untuk melindungi seluruh civitas akademika di lingkungan perguruan tinggi dari ancaman seksual sehingga tercipta kehidupan kampus yang nyaman dan aman. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan memberikan pemahaman dan pengetahuan terhadap civitas akademika Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu tentang pentingnya pencegahan dan penanganan kekerasan seksual di lingkungan perguruan tinggi. Metode yang digunakan adalah sosialisasi Permendikbud Nomor 30 Tahun 2021 tentang Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual. Mitra pengabdian adalah mahasiswa di Jurusan Kebidanan di Prodi Palu dan Poso Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu sebanyak 130 orang. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa mengetahui dan mendapatkan informasi yang jelas tentang aturan yang baru mengenai pencegahan dan penanganan kekerasan seksual di lingkungan perguruan tinggi. Diharapkan pihak Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu dapat meningkatkan lagi pemberian sosialisasi dan edukasi terkait pencegahan dan penanganan kekerasan seksual serta membuat Pokja/Satgas di lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu.

Background: The effects of cholesterol and statin therapy on serum uric acid (SUA) concentration are poorly known, and the latter's effects are even less clear. A mean atorvastatin dosage of 24 mg/dl satisfies the American Cardiovascular Assessment Campaign management objectives and dramatically lowers prevalence of chronic in individuals with cardiovascular events, according to the Greek Drug and Cardiovascular Evaluation research. We compare the temporal evolution of SUA levels in patients receiving standard treatment who received insufficient statin therapy (12 percent received statins) to patients receiving formalised care who received atorvastatin therapy almost exclusively (98 percent). Methods: In this study 160 individuals with abnormal lipid profiles in their blood were enrolled to investigate the connection between lipid profile and uric acid in dyslipidemic patients (dyslipidemia). It was a 5-month cross-sectional study conducted at Dr Abdul Sattar Lab Sialkot using a convenient sampling method. The uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels of enrolled participants were measured. In short, we performed uric acid and lipid profile tests on under-observation samples to investigate the association between uric acid and lipid profile parameters in the enrolled (dyslipidemic) individuals. Result: This research looks at people between the ages of 20 and 60. The Graph shows that (15) patients are between the ages of 20 and 30, (46) patients are between the ages of 31 and 40, (74) patients are between the ages of 41 and 50, and (25) patients are between the ages of 51 and 60.Patients of both sexes are covered. It was found that there exist significant positive relationship between uric acid and lipid profile in dyslipidemic patients. This study shows a positive correlation between LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol and uric acid whereas a negative correlation was observed between HDL and uric acid. According to the current results, when uric acid rises, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) rise as well. But High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) falls with the increase in uric acid levels. As a result, this study may be useful in reducing the incidence of related cardiovascular morbidities, and we will be able to predict dyslipidemia more accurately, which may further leads to CVDs. As the rate of CVDs rises in Pakistan, it is becoming increasingly necessary to investigate the factors that are directly linked to the disease. Conclusion: This article's objective was to investigate any connections between Uric Acid and Lipid Profile. Because dyslipidemia predicts the risk of coronary artery disease, so uric acid levels should be considered in these individuals for more complete risk factor prediction and treatment. Increased levels of lipid profile parameters can lead to serious heart diseases, and the only way to avoid this is to get a quick diagnosis of the disease.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 13.05pt 6pt 17.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 26.95pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Food management is important </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">to understand </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">to avoid food insecurity particularly during disaster. The desain of research was desk study and using secondary data which analysed descriptively at </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">West </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Lampung district. Food requirement for disaster mitigation were consist </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">of </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">milk formula 668 kg/day, milk mush 721 kg/day, rice 33</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">436 kg/day, noodles instant 23</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">812 kg/day, sardines 12</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">719 kg/day, corned beef 8</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">919 kg/day, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">a</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">bon 7</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">677 kg/day and drinking water 358</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">638.500 ml/day. Food stock utililized for 15 days disaster emergency consist </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">of </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">milk formula 10</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">020 kg, milk mush 10</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">815 kg, rice 501</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">540 kg, instant noodles 357</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">180 kg, sardines 189</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">075 kg, corned beef 133</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">785 kg, abon 115</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">115 kg, and drinking water 5</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">378</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">577</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">500 ml. Budged required by goverment of </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us">West </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Lampung district for food stock at 15 days disaster emergency is Rp. 12</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">108</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">365</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">000. Mechanism and mobilization </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">of </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">food distribution for disaster mitigation conduct by organization unit called Satlak PBP and done by operation unit called Satgas PB</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">.</span></p>

BackgroundA rise in the incidence of selected autoimmune disorders has been described, raising the question as to whether the overall incidence of autoimmune disorders might be on the rise due to environmental factors. However, reliable estimates of disease incidence and trends over time, particularly as pertains to autoimmune diseases as a group, are not available. Commonalities and differences between individual diseases also remain poorly understood.ObjectivesTo investigate the incidence and prevalence for 19 of the most common autoimmune diseases, to assess trends over time, by sex, age, socioeconomic status, season and region, and to examine rates of co-occurrence among autoimmune diseases.MethodsWe used linked primary and secondary electronic health records of 22 million individuals from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), a cohort that is representative of the UK population in terms of age and sex. We calculated incidence and prevalence of 19 autoimmune disorders from 2000 to 2019 and used negative binomial regression models to investigate temporal trends and variation by age, sex, socioeconomic status, season of onset and region. To characterise co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases, we calculated incidence rate ratios, comparing incidence rates of comorbid autoimmune disease among patients with a first autoimmune disease with incidence rates in the general population, using negative binomial regression models, adjusted for age and sex.ResultsAmong the 22,009,375 individuals included in the study, we identified a total of 978 872patients with a new diagnosis of at least one autoimmune disease between 2000 and 2019 (mean (SD) age: 54.0 (21.4) years, 64% women). Over the study period, age-standardised incidence rates of autoimmune diseases increased by 4%, similarly for men and women. The largest increases were seen in Graves’ disease, coeliac disease and Sjogren’s syndrome, for which incidences have doubled over the past two decades. Two conditions exhibited a significant decrease in incidence (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and pernicious anaemia). Taken together the 19 autoimmune disorders examined affected 10.2% of the population over the study period (13.1% of women, 7.4% of men). A socioeconomic gradient was evident across several diseases, including Graves’ disease, pernicious anaemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Seasonal variations were observed for type 1 diabetes (more commonly diagnosed in winter) and vitiligo (more commonly diagnosed in summer), and regional variations were observed for a range of conditions. Autoimmune disorders were commonly associated with each other, particularly Sjogren’s, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. Patients with type 1 diabetes also had significantly higher rates of Addison’s, coeliac, and thyroid diseases, and multiple sclerosis stood out as having low rates of co-occurrence with other autoimmune diseases.ConclusionAutoimmune diseases affect about one in ten individuals. Their burden continues to increase over time, albeit at varying rates across individual diseases. The socioeconomic, seasonal, and regional disparities observed among several autoimmune disorders, implicate environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. The interrelations between autoimmune diseases are commensurate with shared pathogenetic mechanisms or predisposing factors, particularly among connective tissue diseases and among endocrine diseases.Figure 1.Incidence rate ratios for development of comorbid autoimmune disease among index populations with autoimmune disease compared with the general populationIncidence rate ratios were calculated for development of a second (comorbid) autoimmune disease among index populations with pre-existing autoimmune disease compared with the general population using negative binomial regression models adjusted for age and sex. Diabetes refers to childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (people aged <20 years at diagnosis).AcknowledgementsThis project has received funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (grant number 12ZU922N).Disclosure of InterestsNathalie Conrad: None declared, Shivani Misra: None declared, Jan Verbakel: None declared, Geert Verbeke: None declared, Geert Molenberghs: None declared, Peter Taylor: None declared, Justin Mason: None declared, Naveed Sattar Speakers bureau: NS declares consulting fees and/or speaker honoraria from Abbott Laboratories, Afimmune, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and grant support paid to his university from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and Roche Diagnostics., Consultant of: NS declares consulting fees and/or speaker honoraria from Abbott Laboratories, Afimmune, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and grant support paid to his university from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and Roche Diagnostics., John McMurray Speakers bureau: JJVM has received funding to his institution from Amgen and Cytokinetics for his participation in the Steering Committee for the ATOMIC-HF, COSMIC-HF, and GALACTIC-HF trials and meetings and other activities related to these trials; has received payments through Glasgow University from work on clinical trials, consulting and other activities from Alnylam, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cardurion, Dal-Cor, GlaxoSmithKline, Ionis, KBP Biosciences, Novartis, Pfizer, and Theracos; has received personal lecture fees from the Corpus, Abbott, Hikma, Sun Pharmaceuticals, Medscape/Heart.Org, Radcliffe Cardiology, Servier Director, and Global Clinical Trial Partners (GCTP)., Consultant of: JJVM has received funding to his institution from Amgen and Cytokinetics for his participation in the Steering Committee for the ATOMIC-HF, COSMIC-HF, and GALACTIC-HF trials and meetings and other activities related to these trials; has received payments through Glasgow University from work on clinical trials, consulting and other activities from Alnylam, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cardurion, Dal-Cor, GlaxoSmithKline, Ionis, KBP Biosciences, Novartis, Pfizer, and Theracos; has received personal lecture fees from the Corpus, Abbott, Hikma, Sun Pharmaceuticals, Medscape/Heart.Org, Radcliffe Cardiology, Servier Director, and Global Clinical Trial Partners (GCTP)., Iain McInnes Speakers bureau: IM declares honoraria from AbbVie; grant support paid to his university from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly; participation on data safety monitoring boards/advisory boards of AstraZeneca, BMS, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Janssen, GSK, AbbVie, Cabaletta, Compugen, Causeway, Gilead, Moonlake, Reflexion, UCB, XinThera; patents from Novartis; leadership roles with Evelo, Versus Arthritis, and Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board; and stock or stock options with Evelo, Compugen, and Cabaletta., Consultant of: IM declares honoraria from AbbVie; grant support paid to his university from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly; participation on data safety monitoring boards/advisory boards of AstraZeneca, BMS, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Janssen, GSK, AbbVie, Cabaletta, Compugen, Causeway, Gilead, Moonlake, Reflexion, UCB, XinThera; patents from Novartis; leadership roles with Evelo, Versus Arthritis, and Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board; and stock or stock options with Evelo, Compugen, and Cabaletta., Kamlesh Khunti Speakers bureau: KK has also acted as a consultant, speaker or received grants for investigator-initiated studies for Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly and Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, Oramed Pharmaceuticals and Applied Therapeutics., Consultant of: KK has also acted as a consultant, speaker or received grants for investigator-initiated studies for Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly and Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, Oramed Pharmaceuticals and Applied Therapeutics., Grant/research support from: KK has also acted as a consultant, speaker or received grants for investigator-initiated studies for Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly and Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, Oramed Pharmaceuticals and Applied Therapeutics., Geraldine Cambridge: None declared.

Perum BULOG Pekalongan Sub-Divre is responsible not only for storing rice but also having responsibility for price stability. This study aims to determine the flow distribution of Bulog rice, rice criteria and the role of Perum BULOG Pekalongan Sub-Divre on price stability. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and using primary and secondary data.The results showed that the Plot of Perum BULOG Pekalongan Sub-Divre did not differ from the central regulation, which used 3 channels (SATGAS AD DN, UPGB and Partners). The types of rice managed by Bulog are Raskin (medium) and commercial (premium) rice with applicable criteria. Meanwhile, to maintain the stability of rice prices, the Pekalongan Public Logistics Agency (Perum Bulog) conducts market operations at 10 distribution points and provides Raskin to Poor Households (RTM).