Thematische Bibliographien / Salivary gland chromosomes

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Salivary gland chromosomes“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Salivary gland chromosomes"

Shahjahan, Reza M., und Farzana Yesmin. „Polytene chromosome maps of the melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae)“. Genome 45, Nr. 6 (01.12.2002): 1167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-081.

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Standard photographic maps of the polytene chromosomes are presented for the melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae, a serious pest of fleshy fruits and vegetables. Five larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes (10 polytene arms) were isolated, and their characteristic features and landmarks have been recognized. Banding patterns of each of the polytene arms are presented, where variation in band intensity and puffs appear to reflect fundamental differences in chromosomes. The whole polytene genome has been typically mapped by dividing it into 100 sections and the subsections were lettered. The mitotic chromosomes of larval brain ganglia are also examined, five pairs of autosomes and an XX/XY sex chromosome pair. In addition, a heterochromatic mass corresponding to the sex chromosomes are observed in the polytene nuclei of salivary gland tissue. This investigation showed that B. cucurbitae has excellent cytological material for polytene chromosome analysis and proved to be very useful for obtaining more detailed genetic information on the pest's natural populations.Key words: Bactrocera cucurbitae, salivary gland, banding patterns, polytene maps.

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Zacharopoulou, A. „Cytogenetic analysis of mitotic and salivary gland chromosomes in the Medfly Ceratitis capitata“. Genome 29, Nr. 1 (01.02.1987): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-011.

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The present investigation constitutes a first attempt to study the salivary gland chromosomes of Ceratitis capitata. A photographic representation of the polytene chromosomes from the salivary gland of this species is provided and the tips, as well as some important landmarks, are recognized in each arm. There is an XX/XY pair and five pairs of autosomes in the metaphases, but neither the X nor the Y are represented among the banded polytene chromosomes. Key words: Ceratitis capitata, chromosomes (polytene), chromosomes (mitotic), salivary gland chromosomes.

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Staiber, W. „Unusual germ line limited chromosomes in Acricotopus lucidus (Diptera, Chironomidae)“. Genome 29, Nr. 5 (01.10.1987): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-120.

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A small supernumerary polytene chromosome was found during the last 8 years in some rare cases in larval salivary gland cells of Acricotopus lucidus (Diptera, Chironomidae). The chromosome may be derived from the germ line restricted parts of the genome. It consists of a short heterochromatic segment and of euchromatic sections with banding patterns homologous to sections of the short arm of soma chromosome I. When examining male meiosis, an exceptional small germ line limited chromosome was found. It is believed that this chromosome was not always recognized during soma elimination as a germ line limited chromosome, probably because of its partial homology to one of the soma chromosomes, and was then polytenized in salivary gland cells. Another germ line limited chromosome with a characteristic morphology and with a special behavior in differential gonial mitosis was found to have existed for more than 12 years in a laboratory stock. In differential gonial mitosis this special germ line limited chromosome partly pairs with the long arm of soma chromosome I. The present results strongly support the idea that the germ line limited chromosomes of A. lucidus are derived from the soma chromosomes, and show that chromosomes of the germ line restricted part of the genome can persist for many generations in a laboratory stock in spite of complex chromosome elimination mechanisms in the primary germ cells. Key words: germ line limited chromosomes, supernumerary polytene chromosome, salivary gland, Acricotopus lucidus.

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Zambetaki, Anna, Kleanthis Kleanthous und Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou. „Cytogenetic analysis of Malpighian tubule and salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae) (Diptera: Tephritidae)“. Genome 38, Nr. 6 (01.12.1995): 1070–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-143.

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Photomaps of the Malpighian tubule and the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae) are presented and compared with those of the fat body. Five polytene chromosomes (10 polytene arms) corresponding to the five autosomes of the mitotic nuclei, as well as a heterochromatic mass corresponding to the sex chromosomes, are observed in the nuclei of the three somatic tissues. The most prominent features of each polytene chromosome, the reverse tandem duplications, as well as the rather unusual ectopic pairing of the telomeric regions of different chromosome arms, are described. The constancy of the banding pattern based on the analysis of the three larval tissues is discussed.Key words: Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae), polytene chromosomes, salivary gland, Malpighian tubule, banding pattern.

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Drosopoulou, Elena, Ifigeneia Nakou und Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou. „The Bactrocera oleae genome: localization of nine genes on the polytene chromosomes of the olive fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)“. Genome 57, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2014): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2014-0172.

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Four homologous and five heterologous gene-specific sequences have been mapped by in situ hybridization on the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae. The nine genes were dispersed on four of the five autosomal chromosomes, thus enriching the available set of chromosome landmarks for this major agricultural pest. Present data further supports the proposed chromosome homologies among B. oleae, Ceratitis capitata, and Drosophila melanogaster and the idea of the conservation of chromosomal element identity throughout dipteran evolution.

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Verma, R. K., Subasini Patnaik, R. Prasad und C. C. Das. „Salivary Gland Chromosomes ofCulex Quinquefasciatus“. Caryologia 40, Nr. 1-2 (Januar 1987): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1987.10797813.

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Zambetaki, Anna, Antigone Zacharopoulou, Zacharias G. Scouras und Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou. „The genome of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae: localization of molecular markers by in situ hybridization to the salivary gland polytene chromosomes“. Genome 42, Nr. 4 (01.08.1999): 744–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-017.

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Nine specific DNA probes (genomic or cDNA) from Ceratitis capitata have been mapped by in situ hybridization to the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae, a major agricultural pest, thus establishing molecular markers for the 5 autosomal chromosomes. Taking into account the present results, as well as previous data obtained mainly by in situ hybridizations, chromosomal homologies among B. oleae, C. capitata and B. tryoni are established. Data show extensive linkage group conservation among the 3 taxa of the economically important and globally distributed family, the Tephritidae.Key words: Bactrocera oleae, Tephritidae, salivary gland, polytene chromosomes, in situ hybridization, mapping.

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Hochstrasser, M., D. Mathog, Y. Gruenbaum, H. Saumweber und J. W. Sedat. „Spatial organization of chromosomes in the salivary gland nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster.“ Journal of Cell Biology 102, Nr. 1 (01.01.1986): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.102.1.112.

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Using a computer-based system for model building and analysis, three-dimensional models of 24 Drosophila melanogaster salivary gland nuclei have been constructed from optically or physically sectioned glands, allowing several generalizations about chromosome folding and packaging in these nuclei. First and most surprising, the prominent coiling of the chromosomes is strongly chiral, with right-handed gyres predominating. Second, high frequency appositions between certain loci and the nuclear envelope appear almost exclusively at positions of intercalary heterochromatin; in addition, the chromocenter is always apposed to the envelope. Third, chromosomes are invariably separated into mutually exclusive spatial domains while usually extending across the nucleus in a polarized (Rabl) orientation. Fourth, the arms of each autosome are almost always juxtaposed, but no other relative arm positions are strongly favored. Finally, despite these nonrandom structural features, each chromosome is found to fold into a wide variety of different configurations. In addition, a set of nuclei has been analyzed in which the normally aggregrated centromeric regions of the chromosomes are located far apart from one another. These nuclei have the same architectural motifs seen in normal nuclei. This implies that such characteristics as separate chromosome domains and specific chromosome-nuclear envelope contacts are largely independent of the relative placement of the different chromosomes within the nucleus.

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Hoshizaki, Deborah K., Bonnie M. Dlott, Geoffrey L. Joslyn und Steven K. Beckendorf. „Genetic localization of a regulatory site necessary for the production of the glue protein P5 in Drosophila melanogaster“. Genetical Research 49, Nr. 2 (April 1987): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300026902.

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SummaryThe glue proteins are products of a developmentally regulated gene family. These genes are transcriptionally active during the third larval instar and code for the major protein products of salivary glands. The activity of several of the genes can be visualized as intermoult puffs in the polytene salivary gland chromosomes. The amount of one of these proteins, P5, varies widely among wild-type strains. We have used biochemical and genetic methods to investigate the source of this variation. The results of in vitro translation of salivary gland RNA suggest that the variation occurs pretranslationally. Genetic mapping experiments showed that sites on several chromosomes can modulate the amount of P5, but that one site on the third chromosome determines the absence and presence of this protein. We have mapped this glue protein gene, called GP5, to the interval between bx (3–58·8) and sr (3–62·0) which also includes the intermoult puff at 90BC. We discuss the relationship between P5 and the glue protein gene Sgs-5 which is also located at 90BC.

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Zhang, P., und A. C. Spradling. „The Drosophila salivary gland chromocenter contains highly polytenized subdomains of mitotic heterochromatin.“ Genetics 139, Nr. 2 (01.02.1995): 659–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/139.2.659.

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Abstract Peri-centromeric regions of Drosophila melanogaster chromosomes appear heterochromatic in mitotic cells and become greatly underrepresented in giant polytene chromosomes, where they aggregate into a central mass called the chromocenter. We used P elements inserted at sites dispersed throughout much of the mitotic heterochromatin to analyze the fate of 31 individual sites during polytenization. Analysis of DNA sequences flanking many of these elements revealed that middle repetitive or unique sequence DNAs frequently are interspersed with satellite DNAs in mitotic heterochromatin. All nine Y chromosome sites tested were underrepresented > 20-fold on Southern blots of polytene DNA and were rarely or never detected by in situ hybridization to salivary gland chromosomes. In contrast, nine tested insertions in autosomal centromeric heterochromatin were represented fully in salivary gland DNA, despite the fact that at least six were located proximal to known blocks of satellite DNA. The inserted sequences formed diverse, site-specific morphologies in the chromocenter of salivary gland chromosomes, suggesting that domains dispersed at multiple sites in the centromeric heterochromatin of mitotic chromosomes contribute to polytene beta-heterochromatin. We suggest that regions containing heterochromatic genes are organized into dispersed chromatin configurations that are important for their function in vivo.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Salivary gland chromosomes"

Henry, Willie. „Studies on the salivary gland chromosomes of some species of black files (diptera : simuliidae ) from Darjeeling“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1005.

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Jones, Matthew Leslie. „The subnuclear localisation of Notch responsive genes“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274909.

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Title: The subnuclear localisation of Notch responsive genes. Candidate Name: Matthew Jones Notch signalling is a highly conserved cell-cell communication pathway with critical roles in metazoan development and mutations in Notch pathway components are implicated in many types of cancer. Notch is an excellent and well-studied model of biological signalling and gene regulation, with a single intracellular messenger, one receptor and two ligands in Drosophila. However, despite the limited number of chemical players involved, a striking number of different outcomes arise. Molecular studies have shown that Notch activates different targets in different cell types and it is well known that Notch is important for maintaining a stem cell fate in some situations and driving differentiation in others. Thus some of the factors affecting the regulation of Notch target genes are yet to be discovered. Previous studies in various organisms have found that the location of a gene within the nucleus is important for its regulation and genome reorganisation can occur following gene activation or during development. Therefore this project aimed to label individual Notch responsive loci and determine their subnuclear localisation. In order to tag loci of interest a CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing method was established that enabled the insertion of locus tags at Notch targets, namely the well-characterized Enhancer of split locus and also dpn and Hey, two transcription factors involved in neural cell fate decisions. The ParB/Int system is a recently developed locus tagging system and is not well characterised in Drosophila. It has a number of advantages over the traditional LacO/LacI-GFP locus tagging system as it does not rely on binding site repeats for signal amplification and can label two loci simultaneously in different colours. This thesis characterised the ParB/Int system in the Drosophila salivary gland and larval L3 neuroblast. Using 3D image segmentation hundreds of nuclei were reconstructed and a volume based normalisation method was applied to determine the subnuclear localisation of several Notch targets with and without genetic manipulations of the Notch pathway.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Salivary gland chromosomes"

Guttmann, P., G. Schneider, M. Robert-Nicoud, B. Niemann, D. Rudolph, J. Thieme, T. M. Jovin und G. Schmahl. „X-Ray Microscopy Investigations on Polytene Chromosomes Isolated from Salivary Glands of Chironomus thummi Larvae“. In X-Ray Microscopy III, 404–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46887-5_91.

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„Salivary Gland Chromosomes“. In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 1753. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_15003.

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„Salivary Gland Chromosomes and Mapping“. In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 1754. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_15004.

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Gubb, David. „Chromosome mechanics; the genetic manipulation of aneuploid stocks“. In Drosophila, 109–30. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199636617.003.0004.

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Abstract The use of chromosomal aberrations for cytogenetic mapping has been critical in the development of Drosophila as a model genetic organism. In 1932 Muller (1) designed a series of genetic tests, using chromosomal deletions and duplications, which define five classes of mutation; broadly corresponding to lack of function (amorphic and hypomorphic) and gain of function (hypermorphic, neomorphic, and antimorphic) alleles. Although Muller’s terminology is ignored frequently, his basic insight, that duplications and deletions could be used to characterize the nature of mutant alleles, remains true. In recent years, a large number of genes have been mapped between the breakpoints of chromosomal deletions or associated with the breakpoints of translocations, transpositions, or inversions. As a result there is an increasingly fine-scale correlation between the genetic map and cytological positions in polytene larval salivary glands (2). New mutations can be mapped by recombination and then rapidly assigned to a cytogenetic region using the available chromosome aberrations. Deletions are particularly useful for this purpose as failure to complement a mutant phenotype localizes the mutation within the cytological boundaries of the deletion. Translocation and inversion breakpoints can give a precise localization, if one end-point is mutant for the target locus, but breakpoints more frequently fall between transcription units. In this situation, it is often possible to construct a synthetic deletion from the aberration breakpoint. Similarly, the cytogenetic map position of cloned sequences can be identified by in situ hybridization to wild-type polytene chromosomes and refined by probing chromosomal aberrations. An up to date catalogue of available aberrations is maintained by FlyBase (Chapter 1).

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Kahn, Richard A. „ArL1“. In Guidebook to the Sinall GTPases, 445. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198599456.003.0147.

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Abstract The arflike gene was cloned from Drosophila melanogaster as a 1.05-kb transcription unit proximal to the developmental gene, brahma (Tamkun, et al. 1991). The arflike locus is on chromosome III, in salivary gland polytene chromosome region 72AB (accession number M61127). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of a human cDNA library indentified a cDNA fragment that encoded a peptide that was highly homologous to the fly protein, but the entire open reading frame has not yet been cloned (Clark eta/. 1993).

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Michaud, S., D. R. Joanisse und R. M. Tanguay. „Drosophila melanogaster small heat shock proteins“. In Guidebook to Molecular Chaperones and Protein-Folding Catalysts, 280–82. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198599494.003.00107.

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Abstract The specific heat shock response in D. melanogaster was first observed as the induction of new puffs on salivary gl,polytene chromosomes following exposure to 37°C (Ashburner, 1970). This response was shown to correlate with the preferential expression of a small number of heat shock proteins, a reduction of synthesis of normal proteins (Tissieres et al., 1974). 35S pulse-labelling experiments in both cultured cells, salivary glands were used by Mirault et al. (1978) to identify a subset of four sHSPs of less than 30 kDa.

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Cheng, Tracie T., Sujani M. K. Gamage, Sharmin Aktar, Vinod Gopalan und Farhadul Islam. „Karyotyping and Chromosomal Aberrations in Cancer: Molecular and Diagnostic Biomarkers“. In Current Cancer Biomarkers, 50–80. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079364123010007.

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Chromosomal abnormalities induce genomic instability and are associated with cancer hallmarks. Chromosomal abnormalities can be categorised into structural and numerical aberrations and are seen under a light microscope. Given the ease of detecting and observing such changes using karyotyping, chromosomal aberrations may be a useful diagnostic tool. For example, the discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome was a cytogenetic hallmark of chronic myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Thus, this chapter explores potential aberrations which have the potential to be used as cancer markers in a clinical setting. Recurrent structural aberrations with known genetic mutations are observed in cancers of the bones, lungs, salivary glands, soft tissue, stomach, thyroid, and uterus. The association of these genetic alterations with various cancers suggests a causative role of structural aberrations in carcinogenesis and is characteristic of some cancers. Additionally, mono- and tri-somies, known as aneuploidy, are common to all cancer types, however, their roles as a cause or consequence are difficult to establish due to the sheer loss or gain of genetic material, respectively. Cancers with the most frequent trisomies, include Ewing’s sarcoma of the bone, astrocytoma of the brain, and renal adenocarcinoma. Common cancer monosomies include meningioma of the brain and ovarian adenocarcinoma. These chromosomal aberrations forge the path to a better understanding of cancer genetics. Though there are potential chromosome markers in cancer, the heterogeneity of cancer genetics makes this a challenging tool to incorporate into current oncological diagnostic guidelines.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Salivary gland chromosomes"

Gammanpila, H. W., und K. R. Manjula. „Exploring the Influence of Intermittent Heat Exposure on Spontaneous Mutations in Drosophila melanogaster: Assessing the Role of Vitamin C in Mitigating Heat Stress and Examining Inheritance Patterns of Induced Mutations“. In SLIIT International Conference on Advancements in Sciences and Humanities 2023. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/thuh5711.

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Climate change poses a significant threat to the well-being of organisms. It has a detrimental impact on the survival of smaller organisms in response to climatic shifts, posing a substantial danger to biodiversity, which is already under stress due to habitat loss, emerging invasive species, and diseases. This study aimed to assess the influence of fluctuating temperatures on the physiology and behavior of Drosophila melanogaster, as well as to investigate whether such temperature fluctuations have any effect on phenotypic expression through potential spontaneous mutations. Genotypic changes were examined by observing cytological alterations in the salivary gland chromosomes. Drosophila melanogaster were exposed to intermittent heat conditions for a period of two weeks. The experimental setup was divided into four groups: a control group maintained at room temperature (25±2°C), a group at room temperature supplemented with vitamin C, a group exposed to heat at 38±2°C, and a group exposed to 38±2°C with vitamin C supplementation. Revival of the flies was noticeably better in the vitamin C supplemented group. These flies exhibited a higher revival rate even after exposure to the heat stress. Salivary gland chromosome analysis provided intriguing insights. More balbiani rings were observed, indicating elevated mRNA production during the heat exposure. Furthermore, an increase in the number of puffs in polytene chromosomes was noted, suggesting an overall increase in mRNA production in the heat-exposed flies. Additionally, the evaluation of wing mutants yielded important findings. It became evident that these mutations were not related to vestigial or curly wing traits. Instead, they indicated that heat exposure was damaging wing formation, resulting in abnormal wing patterns. These results suggest a substantial impact of temperature fluctuations on insect behavior, which can even lead to the induction of mutations. Generational studies further indicate that these mutations can be inherited.

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Shao, Chunbo, Marietta Tan, Chad A. Glazer, Sheetal Bhan, Xiaofei Chang, Mamoru Uemura, Myoung S. Kim et al. „Abstract 4802: Cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 1 (CECR1) is overexpressed and hypomethylated in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma“. In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-4802.

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