Dissertationen zum Thema „Rythme alimentaire“
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Limoge-Lendais, Isabelle. „Effets de l'électrostimulation cérébrale transcutanée sur le rythme veille-sommeil et le comportement alimentaire chez le rat“. Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05M115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlay, Barbara. „Influence du rythme alimentaire et de l'index glycémique sur le métabolisme lipidique postprandial : études chez l'homme sain et sur modèles cellulaires“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20658.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral studies show an inverse relationship between meal frequency and body mass. In France, we are used to consume three meals daily (breakfast, lunch and dinner) or four meals with the consumption of a fourth meal called in french " goûter ", eaten in the mid-afternoon. This nutritional study was conducted in order to assess the effects of these two patterns (three or four meals) on many blood parameters involved in postprandial metabolism, in relation with obesity and cardiovascular disease. Thirty volunteers have been included and divided into three groups depending on their dietary habits: a no-" goûter " group and two " goûter " groups, with a different value of the " goûter " glycemic index. In order to have a comparable energy intake and the same nutrient supply during the day, the " goûter " of the " goûter " group was consumed by no-" goûter " group as a supplement to their dinner. We observed the existence of different profiles depending on the eating pattern, the no-" goûter " group having high insulin and triacylglycerol concentrations in the evening, conditions which can accentuate synthesis and body fat storage. Even if in our study no effect of the glycemic index value has been observed, carbohydrates and lipids, ingested together at the same meal, are able to interact. In this context, we have observed on the intestinal Caco-2 cells an increase in the cholesterol uptake in presence of apical glucose. These interactions should be associated to the dietary habits, other studies are still necessary to determine the optimal meal frequency and the nature of digestible carbohydrates in the context of carbohydrates-lipids relations. Obviously, the intestinal cell play a crucial role in these phenomena
Jutras, Annick. „Variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque lors d'une surcharge lipidique alimentaire chez des hommes avec obésité viscérale“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27692/27692.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCellard-Verdier, Sylvie. „Expliquer la performance internationale des firmes : âge, vitesse et rythme d'internationalisation, diversité culturelle et ambidextrie dans la grande distribution alimentaire mondiale (1998-2004)“. Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_cellard-verdier_s.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this dissertation is to provide new theoretical and empirical insights into the relationship between internationalization and performance. We revisit this relationship in light of two theoretical streams: the transaction cost and internalization theories on the one hand and the organizational learning theory on the other. More specifically, we undertake the following research interests: 1. -Studying how time-based variables of the process, such as age, speed, and rhythm of internationalization, influence performance. 2. -Examining the effects of cultural diversity in the portfolio of countries. 3. -Reconsidering the contributions of the more established internationalization theories, namely the Uppsala and New Ventures theories. 4. -Coining the concept of international ambidexterity. Our dissertation integrates the temporal and cultural attributes of internationalization in a unique model and examines the internationalization of firms from a dynamic perspective. Success is based on a moderate internationalization speed, the regularity of the expansion, and a minimization of cultural heterogeneity between countries in the portfolio of firms. Our research also highlights the existence of different and often more efficient internationalization processes than those described by well-established theories in the international literature. This calls for updating our research objectives concerning these processes. In particular, new theoretical developments suggest rethinking the internationalization process as a combination of exploitation and exploration activities calling for a reformulation of the concept of ambidexterity in an international context. This new orientation promises new research prospects on the concept of international ambidexterity as the ultimate source of international competitive advantage. The worldwide mass grocery retailing industry from 1998 to 2004 is the empirical setting of this study. Our database includes information for 386 worldwide retailers and 87 internationalized retailers with more than 420 foreign entities in 128 countries
Eloidin, Sylvia. „Mutations de l'alimentation des jeunes migrants, originaires des Antilles Françaises, étudiants en France métropolitaine“. Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR2026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEvery year many young West Indians migrate to metropolitan France to study, often because their study courses are not available in the West Indies. The migration from their native Island to this new territory represents for them a true uprooting on various levels such as geographic, climatic, social, family and cultural, lifestyle and pace of life. Food is an important part of these changes. This study explores in a privileged way, from the collection of these West Indian students’ paths, their food before and after the migration, in their sociocultural context, in order to observe the changes. Also we identify the migration influences, particularly post migratory eating practices, detected by these students on their health, and the needs of food information. This study is about a qualitative survey conducted by semi-structured interviews to obtain a better understanding of these students’ eating behaviors. It underlines the importance of considering the social and cultural dimensions of food to avoid standardised preventive advice and to optimize food education
Nuzzaci, Danaé. „Exploration de la plasticité neuronale et gliale dans le système à mélanocortine à l'échelle des repas dans un modèle murin“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn 2015, Nature published the largest pangenomic association study to date linking genetic variants to body mass index. This study highlighted the role of the central nervous system in vulnerability to obesity and supports an original concept that cerebral plasticity plays an important role in the control of energy balance. Thus, reduced cerebral plasticity capacities could lead to inadequate dietary behaviors, which would increase the risk of weight gain under caloric pressure. The anorectic neurons POMC and the orexigenic neurons AgRP of the melanocortin system, which control the energy balance, actually show synaptic plasticity properties in the adult brain. These phenomena are shown in response to intense hormonal fluctuations induced by drastic genetic, surgical or nutritional manipulations. However, the physiological role of this synaptic plasticity within the melanocortin system has not been demonstrated yet. This study shows that cerebral plasticity phenomena are recapitulated at the meal scale in mice, depending on the prandial state, in response to moderate metabolic and hormonal changes. Indeed, 1 h standard diet exposure increases the electrical activity of the POMC neurons, which is correlated with a retraction of the astrocytic coverage around the POMC somas, with no change in synaptic configuration compared to the preprandial state. In contrast, 1 hour of high fat diet exposure does not modify the electrical activity of the POMC neurons and does not involve retraction of the astrocytic coverage. In addition, by pharmacological blockade of postprandial hyperglycemia, we showed that glucose is required for postprandial glial retraction. Finally, by a pharmacogenetic approach, we have shown that the inactivation of astrocytes modifies the feeding behavior and decreases the astrocytic coverage around the POMC neurons. These results suggest i)that astrocytes would play an inhibitory role on the electrical activity of POMC neurons ii) and that the post-prandial astrocytic retraction around POMC somas might remove inhibition of POMC neurons and might promote the sensation of satiety. This mode of regulation would not be activated during a high-fat meal, which would explain the low satietogenic properties of this type of meal
Giotto, Nina. „Eco-éthologie et conservation du beira (Dorcatragus megalotis) en République de Djibouti“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1451/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAim of this study, conducted in the Republic of Djibouti, was to improve knowledge on Beira (Dorcatragus megalotis) ecology, a threatened and poorly known antelope. Four topics were developed during this study : (1) up-date and specify data on the beira population size, distribution and density within the occurrence area; (2) describe the beira social and spatial organisation for a phylogenetic perspective; (3) analyze the temperature effect on the activity rhythm and habitat use, in order to determine if the decrease of tree cover constitutes a threat for the species survival; and (4) determine the beira and domestic goats diets to establish if goats are potential competitors for beira and if overgrazing by goats constitute a threat for the long-term survival of the beira. Data collected revealed that the djiboutian Beira population size is small and that its occurrence area has regressed during the last decade. Beira appeared to live in small mixed sex units including a single adult male and from one to three adult females. Units are very cohesive and tend to form an intricate mosaic of territories. Furthermore, during the hottest season, mid-day shadow requirement influence the activity rhythm, which revealed the primordial importance of tree cover. At last, during the cool season, when vegetation is the most diverse and abundant, beiras and domestic goats exhibit contrasted diets. Nevertheless, overgrazing favoured plant species largely consumed by goats but not by beiras. The results obtained during this study confirm and specify Beira threats and enhance the necessity to apply conservation measure favouring this emblematic species in situ survival
Le, questel Enora. „Étude du rôle de l'Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 (ACSF3) dans le métabolisme hépatique quotidien“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU1014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleModern lifestyle disrupts our biological rhythms, contributing to the emergence of metabolic complications such as obesity, hepatic steatosis, atherosclerosis, and type-2 diabetes. The hepatic circadian clock (CC) and feeding rhythm coordinate daily metabolism, notably via post-translational modifications (PTM) such as lysine malonylation. This PTM consists in the addition of a malonyl group on protein lysine residues. Increased in mice with hepatic steatosis, malonylation is also disrupted in the liver of CC-deficient models. In addition, the inhibition of ACSF3, a.k.a. the mitochondrial malonylation regulator, shortens the CC period in vitro. Thus, the main hypothesis is: Malonylation is a link between the CC and daily hepatic metabolism. Using different diets and/or feeding schedule in mice, we showed that daily malonylation is rhythmic, controlled by feeding behaviour, and disrupted by high-fat diet, concomitantly with ACSF3 levels. We developed a hepatic Acsf3 knock-down mouse model. Metabolic phenotyping combined with a multi-omic approaches, allowed us to determine the impact of ACSF3 knock down in daily hepatic metabolism regulation and, to decipher the associated mechanisms. The use of various CC and its regulators bioluminescent reporters enabled us to study the link between ACSF3 and the CC in vitro.Altogether, this work identifies ACSF3 and diurnal malonylation as a regulatory node between the CC and daily hepatic metabolism
Parker, Marine. „Ethologie et rythmes biologiques du chat“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ126/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiological rhythms are of importance for living organisms as they help to schedule most behavioural processes within the most suitable temporal window. Literature on daily rhythmicity is scarce and conflicting regarding domestic cats. To sharpen our knowledge on the subject, we used advanced telemetry technologies to record and characterise the daily rhythms of locomotor activity and feeding in cats according to the seasons and housing conditions. The cats were sensitive to photoperiod and to human presence. Along 24-hour periodicity, they displayed bimodality in their daily patterns, with mid-day and mid-night troughs of locomotor activity and food consumption. The two main activity/eating periods corresponded to dawn and dusk at each season, regardless of the twilight timings, confirming the crepuscular intrinsic nature of the species. The feeding rhythm of the cats was more variable daily than their locomotor activity one, recalling the opportunistic character of this predator. Cats displayed plasticity in their behaviour, such as weaker daily rhythms and more nocturnal exploratory behaviour outdoors, compared to indoors where they were more prone to routine. Our results open new avenues for developing nutritional and housing guidelines fitted to the rhythms of the cats according to their way of life
Gomez, Felipe. „Etude du rôle de la vasopressine des noyaux suprachiasmatiques hypothalamiques : fonction corticotrope et prise alimentaire“. Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10290.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGardy-Godillot, Michèle. „Mise en evidence d'episodes secretoires du cortisol et de l'aldosterone au cours du nycthemere en relation avec les repas et certains acides amines de la ration“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21112.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChallet, Étienne. „Regulation hypothalamique des rythmes biologiques dans une situation de deficit energetique : jeune total et restriction alimentaire“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13146.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKouassi, Ernest. „Rythmes journaliers d'activité et sélectivité alimentaire au sein des communautés pélagiques : (Zooplancton et Mysidaces) dans une lagune tropicale (Lagune Ebrie, Côte d'Ivoire)“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAttia, Joël. „Recherche du rôle des yeux et du système nerveux dans l'expression des rythmes circadiens de déplacement et de prise alimentaire chez le mollusque gastéropode hélix aspersa maxima“. Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET4018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMou, Yung-Ping. „Ecologie comparee de deux populations de lezards des murailles, podarcis muralis (laurenti, 1768), en france“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066544.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTolle, Virginie. „La ghreline, une nouvelle hormone gastrointestinale se liant au récepteur des GH sécrétagogues : du contrôle de la sécrétion de l'hormone de croissance (GH) à la régulation de la prise alimentaire et des rythmes veille/sommeil“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066353.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouaouda, Hanan. „Rôle des synchronisateurs externes (photopériode et température ambiante) dans l'adaptation aux conditions extrêmes de l'environnement chez deux espèces saisonnières : le dromadaire (Camelus dromaderius) adapté à la chaleur et le hamster d'Europe (Cricetus cricetus) adapté au froid“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe functional integrity of living organisms, including human, depends on the biological rhythms. Disruption of these rhythms due to the living conditions of the modern world (shift work, jet lag ...) or natural circumstances (aging), leads various abnormalities (sleep disorders, obesity, diabetes ...). In order to understand pathophysiology of these abnormalities and adaptation in extreme environment, we need to design experiments on diurnal animals that cohabitate with human in specific biotopes. The aim of my thesis is to understand the neurophysiological mechanisms of adaptation to extreme environmental conditions in the camel (adapted to heat) and the European hamster (adapted to cold). Earlier we found that in addition to photoperiod, ambient temperature is a real synchronizer of the biological clock, at least in the absence of light-dark cycle. In the second part of my project, we investigated if seasonal variations of ambient temperature are capable to changes the rhythm of melatonin secretion and/or body temperature like photoperiod. Since heterothermy in camel challenged recently, we started our study by confirming the existence of adaptive heterothermy in camels. Our results demonstrate that dehydrated camels during exposure to daily heat show adaptive heterothermy. This mechanism is more complex because it is characterized by a daily alternation of two periods of poikilothermy and homeothermy. This adaptive heterothermy was also observed when camels are hydrated and food deprived. Based on our results, we can conclude that adaptive heterothermy in the Arabian camel is a combination of three factors interacting throughout the light-dark cycle: heat stress, water restriction, and level of food intake. Finally, we have demonstrated in European hamster that neurons of the arcuate nucleus are able to integrate photoperiodic signal, independent of melatonin. The existence of this particular mechanism of integration of photoperiod in other mammals including humans must be investigated. Our results promote to study the role of this new mechanism of integration of photoperiod in the control of biological rhythms in particular the circannual rhythms
Sen, Satish Kumar. „Interactions between circadian clocks and feeding behaviour“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe muti-oscillatory circadian system consists of the suprachiasmatic clock (SCN) the master clock, located above the optic chiasm of the anterior hypothalamus, and many peripheral clocks. The SCN clock synchronizes the other peripheral oscillators located in each organ. The SCN clock is a self-sustaining circadian oscillator maintaining the daily behavioural, physiological, and neuroendocrine rhythms. The zeitgebers such as light and food are potent synchronizers for the SCN and other peripheral clocks. The thesis was aimed to understand different aspects of the interactions between circadian clocks and feeding behaviour in nocturnal species. We showed in the first and second parts that the ultradian feeding affects the central and peripheral clocks in mice and rats. In the first part, we concluded that the ultradian feeding in mice has major impacts on the SCN clock output and the peripheral clock in the liver, while in the second part ultradian feeding in rats does not have impact on the SCN clock but it affects peripheral clocks and lipid metabolism. In the third part, we showed the differential effects of diet and time restricted feeding in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle peripheral clocks. In the fourth part, we showed the role of clock gene Rev-erbα on feeding behaviour and energy metabolism by comparing between global and brain specific knock-out mice. The present studies reveal the interdependency of the circadian clocks and feeding behaviour, and their effects on whole-body metabolism
Blancas, Velazquez Aurea Susana. „Nourriture palatable, gènes horloges et le circuit de la récompense“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis studied the interaction between diet-induced obesity and the 24h variations in behavior and physiology paced by the circadian system. Mice and rats were fed with a free choice high-fat high-sugar diet (fcHFHS). In mice, fcHFHS diet changed day-night eating patterns and PER2 clock-protein expression in the Lateral Habenula (LHb), a food-reward related area. In rats, no feeding patterns or clock-gene changes in LHb were found, however, Per2 gene expression was disrupted in the Nucleus Accumbens, which is indirectly connected to LHb. When blocking pharmacologically the glutamatergic functioning of the LHb, food intake was altered in both chow and fcHFHS-fed rats in a time-dependent manner. Finally, we tested the influence of Npas2 clock-gene on the disruption of rhythmic behavior produced by the fcHFHS-diet using Npas2 mutant and WT mice. Both genotypes, however, displayed similar altered eating patterns caused by the fcHFHS diet. Our findings indicate a relationship between nutrient type and an abnormal clock-gene expression in food reward-related areas, and an important role for the LHb in feeding behavior
Kobiita, Ahmad. „Un décalage de l'alimentation déclenche une asynchronie entre l'horloge circadienne centrale et les horloges périphériques et engendre un syndrome métabolique“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe sequence of molecular events through which alterations in externals cues may impinge on circadian clocks, and generate pathologies, was mostly unknown. During my thesis work, I have molecularly deciphered, how switching feeding in mice, from the “active” to the "rest" phase [Restricted Feeding (RF)] , alters the metabolism through hypoinsulinemia during the “active” phase, leading to increased PPARα activity, thereby reprograming both metabolism and RevErbα expression and leads to a 12h circadian clock-shift in peripheral tissues.Most notably, the lack of PPARα expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) prevents a shift of the central clock. Therefore, the “active” and “rest” phases controlled by the SCN clock and gene expression controlled by the peripheral circadian clocks are misaligned. Most interestingly, this misalignment generates a metabolic syndrome-like pathology, similar to that associated with shiftwork schedules
Delezie, Julien. „Rôle du récepteur nucléaire Rev-erba dans les mécanismes d'anticipation des repas et le métabolisme“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801656.
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