Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Rural-urban migration – history“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Rural-urban migration – history"
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Md. Sobur Hossain und Nishat Tasnim. „Rural-urban migration in Rangpur city: A sociological study“. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, Nr. 3 (30.09.2023): 006–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.3.1739.
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The phenomenon of rural-to-urban migration has a long history. People’s attempts to move from rural areas to cities originated in ancient times. In this context, the migration history to Rangpur is brief. The history of urbanization in Rangpur began not too long ago, with people from various villages in the surrounding districts settling in the city. Through the lens of economic and socio-cultural perspectives, multiple factors have directly and indirectly influenced migration from rural areas to this city. Therefore, understanding its intricate meanings is only feasible by discussing rural-urban migration through a sociological research approach.
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MacDonald, Daniel. „Internal Migration and Sectoral Shift in the Nineteenth-Century United States“. Social Science History 45, Nr. 4 (2021): 843–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2021.36.
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AbstractWe study the relationship between internal migration and industrialization in the United States between 1850 and 1880. We use the Linked Representative Samples from IPUMS and find significant amounts of rural-urban and urban-urban migration in New England. Rural-urban migration was mainly driven by agricultural workers shifting to manufacturing occupations. Urban-urban migration was driven by foreign-born workers in manufacturing. We argue that rural-urban migration was a significant factor in US economic development and the structural transformation from agriculture to manufacturing.
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Qi, Ziwei. „An Overview of Rural to Urban Migration in China and Social Challenges“. Migration Letters 16, Nr. 2 (05.04.2019): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182//ml.v16i2.664.
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The rural to urban migration in China represents one of the greatest internal migrations of people in history as rural populations have moved to cities in response to growing labour demand. One major cause of the increased labour demand was the “Reform and Open Market Policy” initiated at the end of the 1970s. The policy amplified the rural to urban divide by promoting a more thoroughly market-based economy with a corresponding reduction in the importance of agricultural production and a greater emphasis on non-agricultural market sectors. As a result, a series of economic reforms have drastically changed the cultural and social aspects of the rural area over the past three decades. Many social problems have been created due to rural to urban migration. These problems include institutional discrimination because of the restrictive household registration policies; social stigmatisation and discrimination in state-owned employment sectors and among urban residents; psychological distress and feelings of alienation.
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Yuan, Bocong, Jiannan Li, Zhaoguo Wang und Lily Wu. „Household Registration System, Migration, and Inequity in Healthcare Access“. Healthcare 7, Nr. 2 (11.04.2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7020061.
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This study investigates the influence of the household registration system on rural–urban disparity in healthcare access (including healthcare quality, blood pressure check, blood test, vision test, dental examination, and breast exam), using data from a large-scale nationwide life history survey that covered 150 counties across 28 provinces and municipalities in China. In contrast to the findings of many previous studies that emphasize the disparity in the residence place as the cause of rural–urban disparity in healthcare access, this study finds that the residence place just has a very limited influence on healthcare access in China, and what really matters is the household registration type. Our empirical results show that people with a non-rural household registration type generally have better healthcare access than those with a rural one. For rural residents, changing the registration type of their household (from rural to non-rural) can improve their healthcare access, whereas changing the residence place or migrating from rural to urban areas have no effect. Therefore, mere rural-to-urban migration may not be a valid measure to eliminate the rural–urban disparity in healthcare access, unless the institution of healthcare resource allocation is reformed.
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Zhang, Jingwen, James Nazroo und Nan Zhang. „GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND ITS IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH IN LATER LIFE“. Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (01.11.2022): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.3042.
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Abstract Although rural-to-urban migration has been well researched, how gender shapes processes and outcomes, including later life health outcomes, has not been thoroughly investigated. Guided by a life course perspective, this study explores gender differences in rural-urban migration patterns and its association with mental health in later life among Chinese older adults. Exploiting rich life history data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we employ sequence analysis to identify the typical migration trajectories of Chinese older adults. Moderated mediation analysis is then used to examine gender-specific health pathways linking migration trajectories and later-life mental health. The results indicate that: men and women follow different migration trajectories across the life course. Men are more likely to migrate between rural and urban areas, and to migrate multiple times. Rural migrants who settled in urban regions have better mental health in later life than return migrants or rural non-migrants; the gender gap in mental health is marginally smaller among early urban settlers than rural non-migrants. Household income and Hukou conversion mediate the relationship between migration trajectories and later-life mental health among older people of rural origin. Household income in later life has stronger mediation effects for migrant men than for migrant women. The study suggests that a life course perspective and awareness of gender dynamics should be incorporated in policymaking to reduce the rural-urban divide and gender-based inequality in mental health.
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Mikhalev, Nikolay A. „RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION IN THE URALS ACCORDING TO THE 1970 ALL-UNION POPULATION CENSUS“. Ural Historical Journal 79, Nr. 2 (2023): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-37-47.
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In Russia, migration processes have always played a huge political and socio-economic role. The 20th century passed for the country under the sign of industrialization and urbanization, which, on the one hand, determined the strategic direction of modernization, and on the other hand, acted as the main coordinates that determined the movement of the population. It is common knowledge that migration from rural to urban areas was the main migration trend of modern Russian history, reflecting the accelerated development of the country’s urbanization processes. The most important source of data on migration is population censuses, which allow supplementing and clarifying the materials of the current statistical observation. A special place among them is occupied by the 1970 All-Union population census as the first post-war census, which program included questions about migration. The article aims at identifying regional specifics of rural-urban migration of the Urals population based on the materials of the 1970 census — determining the size and ratio of the flows that made up this migration, as well as assessing the intermediate results of its impact on the dynamics of the region’s population composition by the beginning of the 1970s. It is shown that even in the most urbanized regions of the Urals, villagers arriving in urban settlements constituted about a third of the total migration flow, while 23 times more than the number of migrants heading in the opposite direction, from city to village. Almost the same difference characterized the differences between the relative indicators of the migration intensity of the urban and rural population of the region.
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Merkel-Hess, Kate, und Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom. „A Country on the Move: China Urbanizes“. Current History 108, Nr. 717 (01.04.2009): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2009.108.717.167.
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Kulu, Hill, und Francesco C. Billari. „Migration to Urban and Rural Destinations in Post-Soviet Estonia: A Multilevel Event-History Analysis“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 38, Nr. 4 (April 2006): 749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37367.
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Researchers are divided on the trends and causes of internal migration in postsocialist Central and Eastern Europe. Theories run in opposite directions: some scholars argue that increasing similarities with Western market economies are explaining the migration processes, whereas others claim that specific developments during the postsocialist socioeconomic restructuring are playing a major role. In this paper we contribute to the existing discussion by providing an analysis of personal and contextual determinants of migration to urban and rural destinations in post-Soviet Estonia. We base our study on the data of the Estonian Labour Force Survey from 1995. Our research population consists of 8480 people aged 15 years to 68 years in early 1989. We analyze the intensity of urban-bound and rural-bound migration from January 1989 to December 1994, using the techniques of multilevel event-history analysis. We show that personal characteristics (age, marital status, employment status, education, and ethnicity) and contextual factors (unemployment level and the share of ethnic minorities) are both important in shaping the intensity of migration to urban and rural destinations in post-Soviet Estonia. Although the differences in migration behaviour by demographic characteristics in Estonia are in line with universalistic explanations, the regionally varying effect of socioeconomic status on migration is specific to developments in postsocialist countries, as a result of general economic hardship during the socioeconomic transition.
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Alexander, J. Trent. „The Great Migration in Comparative Perspective“. Social Science History 22, Nr. 3 (1998): 349–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021787.
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Sociologists, demographers, and historians of the last few decades have pieced together a dramatically new understanding of the meaning of past migrations. The old story held that industry pulled recently dispossessed rural people to the city, where—along with deskilled artisans—they became part of a growing urban industrial proletariat. For migrants from rural areas, the process was thought to be catastrophic, requiring a total and often impossible adjustment to an urban world that was different in just about every imaginable way. Recent scholars have distanced themselves from this framework.
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Harpelle, Ronald N., und Paul Kutsche. „Voices of Migrants: Rural-Urban Migration in Costa Rica.“ Hispanic American Historical Review 75, Nr. 2 (Mai 1995): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517344.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Rural-urban migration – history"
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Bowen, Dawn Suzanne. „Forward to a farm, the back-to-the-land movement as a relief initiative in Saskatchewan during the Great Depression“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0008/NQ27817.pdf.
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Yamin, G. M. „The causes and processes of rural-urban migration in 19th and early 20th century India : the case of Ratnagiri district“. Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2232/.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the reasons for the growth of large scale labour migration from Ratnagiri district during the nineteenth century. It is argued firstly that for an understanding of the origins of migration from Ratnagiri it is necessary to investigate the socio-economic structure of the district, since exogenous demand for labour cannot explain many aspects of the pattern of migration from Ratnagiri, nor can it explain the high rate of migration compared to other areas with similar access to labour markets. It is argued that regional and gender patterns of migration from Ratnagiri can be partly explained by the structure of demand for labour within the district; but that the scale of migration can most convincingly be explained in terms of the acute poverty of sections of the rural population. It is argued that this poverty cannot be ascribed to demographic pressure in the early nineteenth century, since population in the district did not rise rapidly until migration was already underway. It is instead suggested that the poverty of many cultivators in the earlier nineteenth century was an outcome of the spread of a village zamindari system in Ratnagiri during the late eighteenth century, the impact of which was intensified by legal changes introduced under British rule; the consequent concentration of landholding in the hands of the village zamindars led to higher exactions on the lower caste cultivators, which stimulated emigration in the mid nineteenth century. Furthermore, it is suggested that the land tenure system was at the root of the problems of agricultural development which the district faced later in the nineteenth century. When population rose In the mid nineteenth century, the extension of cultivation put pressure on the fragile ecology of the district, which led to rapid deforestation and falling yields per acre. it is argued that though cultivation intensified In Ratnagiri during the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the output per head nonetheless probably fell, and the system of land tenure discouraged the adoption of many strategies which might have raised output per head, thus perpetuating the poverty which, it is argued, lay at the root of out-migration from Ratnagiri.
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Stockwell, Ryan J. „Growing A Modern Agrarian Myth: The American Agriculture Movement, Identity, And The Call To Save The Family Farm“. Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?miami1050951369.
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Loem, Senghuo. „Labor Mobility and Industrialization in Post-Socialist Cambodia“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1494934181936051.
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Manona, C. W. „The drift from the farms to town : a case study of migration from white-owned farms in the Eastern Cape to Grahamstown“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002651.
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The study deals with the migration of large numbers of black workers from white-owned farms in the Albany and Bathurst districts to Grahamstown. In South Africa the migration of farm residents to the towns has not yet received much attention from researchers. Instead, most migrant studies have concentrated on the migration from the 'homeland' areas and for this reason little is known about the people who have been associated with the farms in some cases for five generations. From the 1940s these farms were rapidly losing labour largely on account of the introduction of mechanization and land rationalization. At that time many farm dwellers were migrating to Grahamstown and, to same extent, Port Elizabeth. The past few decades witnessed a massive further migration from these farms and this, together with natural increase, contributed to the 53,9% increase in Graharnstown's black population in the 1970-80 decade. The study has these aims: 1. To consider the factors that have promoted the move away from the farms , especially as from the end of the Second World War. 2. To account for the overwhelming attraction of Grahamstown as a destination among those who must, or decide to, migrate. 3. To assess the mode of adaptation of those who settle in Grahamstown pennanently. Those who have been in town for several decades provide a background for the central focus of the study, the new irrmigrants who came to town a decade ago or more recently. The latter include people who migrated to town from August 1984, i.e. during a period of extra-ordinary political developments and serious unrest in Grahamstown. The study places an emphasis on the way the imnigrants themselves perceive the process. The aims of the study which have been mentioned above revolve around the impoverishment of rural inhabitants who must now work for wages with hardly any measure of autonomy over the major aspects of their lives while those who go and live in town must contend with a competitive urban economy in which economic opportunities are scarce. This is the central problem of this thesis.
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Amaral, Neto Roberval. „A ESCRAVIDÃO CONTEMPORÂNEA NO CAMPO: UM ELO NA MODERNIZAÇÃO DE GOIÁS E MARANHÃO“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2016. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3607.
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The phenomenon of contemporary slavery: the slave labor in Goias and Maranhao is the object hatholds this dissertation. Thus, from the experience of debt bondage of rural workers, in Goias and Maranhao, he sought to understand economic processes, social and political insist on keeping contemporary slavery in all Brazilian regions. The research target is the goianos workers and maranhenses subjected to debt bondage, from 1995 to 2015. In this analysis, I seek first to highlight the phenomenon of slavery in contemporary Brazil, showing the limits of government policies in combating slavery during the twentieth century, academic discussions about the slave labor of the problem and the decisive role of civil society organizations in combating today's slavery. Then, the analysis holds Goiás, their singularities, political and domestic economic processes and the instruments created by society to fight slavery. Soonafter, analyzes the maranhense slave labor, as political and economic options of the Sarney oligarchy amid the process of modernization of theAmazon, the partners sequele caused by extreme concentration of Maranhão income, conflicts and migration of Maranhao in th emiddle extreme poverty of rural workers who have been expelled from their lands, seeking better days in other states, but they do so within a logic and a resistance strategy within the margins of freedom they have. And to finish the dissertation we seek convergences and divergences between Goias and Maranhao slave labor aimed at finding the connections that enables deep understanding of slavery phenomenon in contemporary Brazil.
O fenômeno da escravidão contemporânea: o trabalho escravo em Goiás e no Maranhão é o objeto de que se ocupa esta dissertação. Assim, a partir da experiência da escravidão por dívida dos trabalhadores rurais, em Goiás e Maranhão, procurou-se compreender os processos econômicos, sociais e políticos que teimam em manter a escravidão contemporânea em todas as regiões brasileiras. A investigação tem como alvo os trabalhadores goianos e maranhenses submetidos à escravidão por dívida, no período de 1995 a 2015. Nesta análise, busco primeiramente salientar o fenômeno da escravidão no Brasil contemporâneo, mostrando os limites das políticas de Estado no combate à escravidão durante o século XX, as discussões acadêmicas em torno da problemática do trabalho escravo e o papel decisivo da sociedade civil organizada no combate à escravidão hodierna. Em seguida, a análise se detém a Goiás, suas singularidades, processos políticos e econômicos internos, assim como os instrumentos criados pela sociedade para combater a escravidão. Logo depois, analisa-se o trabalho escravo maranhense, como as opções políticas e econômicas da oligarquia Sarney em meio ao processo de modernização da Amazônia Legal, as sequelas sociais provocadas pela extrema concentração da riqueza maranhense, os conflitos no campo e a migração dos trabalhadores rurais que sem alternativas concretas, buscam melhores dias em outros estados, mas o fazem dentro de uma lógica e de uma estratégia de resistência dentro das margens de liberdade que possuem. E por fim, busca-se as convergências e divergências entre o trabalho escravo goiano e maranhense, visando, assim, encontrar as conexões que possibilitam a profunda compreensão do fenômeno da escravidão contemporânea.
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Orejel, Keith. „Factories in the Fallows: The Political Economy of America's Rural Heartland, 1945-1980“. Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8XS5TF0.
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This dissertation analyzes the economic and political transformation of America’s rural heartland after World War II. Examining the predominantly white, Protestant communities of southern Iowa and northern Arkansas, this dissertation shows how a prolonged economic crisis in the countryside gave rise to a grassroots pro-capitalist movement that came to dominate rural politics. Between 1920 and 1970, mechanization and scientific advancements pushed productivity in agriculture to remarkable levels. With capital investments replacing demand for labor, fewer workers were needed in farming. As job opportunities in agriculture disappeared, millions of people left rural areas. Country schools, churches, and businesses struggled to survive as populations dwindled. Many who stayed in rural communities suffered from widespread unemployment and poverty.
Starting in the 1940s, small-town businessmen and state development experts proposed to solve this crisis by industrializing the countryside. Local boosters argued that newly acquired factories would stabilize rural areas by providing jobs for unemployed farmers and attracting new residents to small communities. Manufacturing payrolls were also expected to help local businesses by increasing consumer spending. In order to attract industrial plants, small-town business leaders modernized rural infrastructure—such as roads, sewers, and electrical systems—and improved civic institutions—including schools and hospitals. In the mid 1950s, these efforts began to pay off, as corporations started locating branch plants in rural areas. During the 1960s and 70s, rural America experienced an industrial boom, as many corporations left urban industrial centers in search of cheaper labor, lower taxes, and weaker unions.
In the crucible of this campaign, small-town business leaders forged a unique political ideology that revolved around the imperatives of industrial development. To finance community and infrastructural upgrades, boosters argued for robust state and federal spending on vital improvements. Likewise, local elites favored economic planning over the free market, believing in rationally directed development. In order to lure capital investment, small-town business leaders manipulated the tax code to benefit corporate interests, while supporting legislation, such as anti-union right-to-work laws, that hampered organized labor. Local boosters also championed various governmental reforms meant to maximize efficiency and eliminate waste, concluding that this would produce enough revenue to fund necessary community improvements without raising taxes. In total, small-town business leaders believed that the central role of the American government was to spur capitalist development and private business growth.
During the 1950s and 60s, small-town business leaders in southern Iowa and northern Arkansas campaigned to bring manufacturers to their communities, while also promoting their political vision within the countryside. As many depressed rural communities gained industrial plants during the 1960s, small-town business politics gained widespread popularity. In the late 1960s, the rural and small-town electorate united behind business backed “middle of the road” Republican politicians. Led by presidential candidate Richard Nixon, the GOP achieved a decisive political victory in 1968, winning electoral contests throughout America’s rural heartland. Since then, rural Americans have remained solidly Republican. However, GOP domination has been far from total. Starting in the mid 1970s, centrist Democrats competed for the rural electorate by embracing an economic agenda similar to their GOP rivals. After 1975, rural voters helped foster a bipartisan pro-business consensus, as both parties appealed to the countryside electorate by promising to spur economic growth with corporate friendly policies.
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KESSLER, Gijs. „The peasant and the town : rural-urban migration in the Soviet Union, 1929-1940“. Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5855.
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Defence date: 14 December 2001Examining board: Prof. Andrea Graziosi, Università Federico II, Napoli ; Prof. Terry Martin, Harvard University ; Prof. Arfon Rees, EUI ; Prof. Jaime Reis, University of Lisbon (supervisor)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Plaizier, Heather Mae. „Developing a sense of place in rural Alberta experiences of newcomers /“. Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/406.
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Thesis of (MaEd)--University of Alberta, 2009."Fall, 2009." Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on July 16, 2009). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education in Adult Education, Eucational Policy Studies, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.
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Brady, Carolyn M. „The Transformation of a Neighborhood: Ransom Place Historic District, Indianapolis, 1900-1920“. Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4990.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Rural-urban migration – history"
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Reddy, T. Rabi. Rural-urban migration: An economic interpretation. New Delhi, India: Reliance Pub. House, 1998.
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Numao, Namiko. Kōkyōsuru toshi to nōsanson: Tairyūgata shakai ga umareru. Tōkyō: Nōbunkyō, 2016.
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Wilkerson, Isabel. The great migration. New York: Random House, 2010.
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Williams, Melissa Matutina. Panguru and the city: Kāinga Tahi, Kāinga Rua : an urban migration history. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books, 2014.
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Dasgupta, Biplab. Urbanisation, migration, and urban society in colonial Bengal. [Kolkata]: Centre for Urban Economic Studies, Dept. of Economics, University of Calcutta, 2005.
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García, Isidro Dubert. Del campo a la ciudad: Migraciones, familia y espacio urbano en la historia de Galicia, 1708-1924. Vigo: Consorcio de Santiago, 2001.
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Collantes, Fernando. Peaceful surrender: The depopulation of rural Spain in the twentieth century. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2011.
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Talaverano, Mario Sierra. El migrante andino: La necesidad de expresión. Lima, Perú: Seminario de Historia Rural Andina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2005.
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Talaverano, Mario Sierra. El migrante andino: La necesidad de expresión. Lima, Perú: Seminario de Historia Rural Andina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2005.
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1965-, Zhu Hongzhao, Hrsg. Zhongguo liu dong ren kou xin tai diao cha. 8. Aufl. Jinan: Shandong you yi chu ban she, 2002.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Rural-urban migration – history"
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Sun, Li. „Migration Phase and State Intervention in the History of the PRC“. In Rural Urban Migration and Policy Intervention in China, 69–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8093-7_4.
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Pisarevskaya, Asya, und Peter Scholten. „Cities of Migration“. In IMISCOE Research Series, 249–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8_16.
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AbstractCities are often the main hubs or portals for migration. They are the places where people leave from, and where they first arrive at, after their migration journey, either to settle or to move on. They are also the places where diversities and mobilities become the most manifest. Built into the cross-roads of ancient trade routes, cities have been the centres for encounters between many cultures since ancient times. In the past, cities attracted internal migrants from rural areas, while nowadays, many cities have been shaped by a long history of international migration. For instance, the development of cities such as New York or London cannot be understood without taking into account their long migration histories. Indeed, in developing countries like Russia, China, South Africa, and Nigeria, urbanisation is still ongoing; both internal rural-urban or periphery-centre migrants, together with international migrants, are attracted to capital city urban centres, and this magnetism in turn shapes diversity landscapes.
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Day, William R. ,. Jr. „Population growth and productivity: rural-urban migration and the expansion of the manufacturing sector in thirteenth century Florence“. In Comparative Rural History of the North Sea Area, 82–110. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.corn-eb.3.300.
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Bajić-Hajduković, Ivana, und Sara Bernard. „“Money Can’t Buy Me Love”: Remittances, Return Migration, and Family Relations in Serbia (1960s–2000s)“. In Remittances as Social Practices and Agents of Change, 77–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81504-2_4.
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AbstractWhile there is abundant literature that documents the flow of remittances, less research exists on the modalities of remitting, the dynamics between sender and recipient, and how both change over time. This contribution draws on an interdisciplinary collaboration between history and anthropology to offer fresh insights into the problem. This study spans an almost five-decade period and explores a major social transformation, namely the fall of communism in Yugoslavia and the emergence of neoliberal capitalism in the twenty-first century. It compares remittance practices among both rural and urban families during this period. Relying on ethnographic fieldwork but also archival sources, press analyses, and statistical data, it unearths the complexities of the long-term impact of remittances on family dynamics. The specific focus is on Yugoslavia’s largest republic, Serbia. Exploring family roles across the prism of gender, generation, and class, it argues that migration and remittance practices had a profound and sometimes traumatic impact on family relations.
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Lucas, Robert E. B. „Country-Specific Magnitudes of Migration between Rural and Urban Sectors“. In Crossing the Divide, 31–114. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197602157.003.0003.
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Across seventy-four countries, six migration propensities of men and women are tabulated in this chapter: notably, for gross and net, lifetime and five-year flow, rural-urban and urban-rural moves. China is purported to have the highest rate of rural-urban migration in recent history, but neither reliable estimates nor sufficient data to permit computations appear to be available. The conventional wisdom is that India has a low rural-urban migration rate, but our estimates contradict this claim. The five-year flow rates are only loosely correlated with lifetime movements. It is important to understand the situation in each country at the time of enumeration, and these specific circumstances are described in the second half of the chapter. Gross rural-urban migration rates increase at higher urbanization levels, but net rural-urban migration proves positive virtually everywhere. Yet a decomposition for twenty-two countries indicates that reclassification of rural areas as urban is far more important than net rural-urban moves in incremental urbanization.
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Richards, Eric. „The migration mystery“. In The genesis of international mass migration, 1–19. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526131485.003.0001.
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Historians have resorted to a language of mystery and metaphor when they come to grapple with the great structural changes which underpin the array of contributory causes of migration. The British Isles was the prototype case of agrarian transformation associated with industrial growth and mass migration. Frank Thistlethwaite in the early 1960s re-shaped the subject by insisting on linking the two sides of the Atlantic into a connected explanation of the migratory turmoil. There were links along the chain of causation towards the migration of millions of the British people in their confusing permutations. Migration history comes in three main schematic forms: first the individual account, second the general narrative of migratory behaviour, and third the grand theories of migration. International emigration has depended on the basic facilities of migration. The British case was the prototype of modern rural-urban migration and has been replicated, with important variations, across the world.
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Luna, Francisco Vidal, und Herbert S. Klein. „Population Growth and Structure“. In An Economic and Demographic History of São Paulo, 1850-1950, 258–97. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503602007.003.0009.
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The impact of births, deaths and migration on the growth of the population of São Paulo is examined. The causes for the changing levels of fertility and mortality are studied, as well as the social and demographic integration of European and Asian migrants. The question of literacy and its change by sex and urban and rural populations are basic themes as well. Finally the rise of secondary cities as the frontier closes is also a major concern that is examined.
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Valerio-Jiménez, Omar, Santiago Vaquera-Vásquez und Claire F. Fox. „Introduction“. In The Latina/o Midwest Reader. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041211.003.0001.
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This chapter provides a brief overview of the history, placemaking, and cultural contributions of Latinas/os in the Midwest. It traces the migration and presence of Latinas/os in the Midwest for over a century to illustrate their social, cultural, and economic contributions. Latina/o demographic growth has spurred their presence in educational and cultural institutions throughout the region. In addition to changing urban environments, Latinas/os have staked a place in rural Midwestern communities and contributed to the growth of dual-language immersion programs, the revitalization of small towns, and a Latino influence on businesses, institutions, and culture.
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Caldwell, John. „Folk Music and Popular Music“. In The Oxford History of English Music, 491–536. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198162889.003.0008.
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Abstract The subject of this chapter is easier to describe than to define. Beside the national body of centrally developed art-music, its style the outcome of a narrowly focused tradition of imitation and innovation, stands a mass of material that lies outside the main stream, related to but not dependent on it, rather as regional dialects may be related to a central standardized language. A regional character is indeed an important facet of what has come to be called folk music, though this does not preclude the transmission of melodies and melody-types across regional and even national boundaries. Just as important is its cultivation and preservation in a stratum of society that exists independently of the ‘higher’ civilization that surrounds it, though this again does not preclude the transference of material across the social boundaries, whatever its origin. But notwithstanding the potential for regional and social migration, it seems important to maintain a distinction between folk music, rural or urban, and the commercially produced variety that we think of as ‘popular’. Even here the distinction is blurred by the fact that so much ‘true’ folk music seems to have originated in the commercial enterprises of towns and cities, for example in the production of single-sheet ballads to be sung to existing well-known tunes.
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Cicero, Frank. „Introduction“. In Creating the Land of Lincoln. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041679.003.0001.
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The introduction outlines the history of Illinois, focusing on populations of southerners, immigrants, Indians, and enslaved blacks and their various effects on four constitutional conventions held between 1818 and 1869. The biography of Abraham Lincoln organizes the discussion: his migration to the state with other southerners, his service in the state legislature and as a U.S. representative as a Whig, his debates with Stephen Douglas, his election to president representing the new Republican Party, and the legacy of his efforts to unite the nation and to emancipate blacks during the Civil War. Themes of north versus south, rural versus urban (i.e., Chicago), slavery versus freedom, economic and railroad development, and debates about executive, legislative, and judicial powers shaped each of Illinois’s nineteenth-century constitutional conventions.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Rural-urban migration – history"
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Talluri, Aishwarya. „Spatial planning and design for food security. Building Positive Rural-urban Linkages“. In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/rymx6371.
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Food is vital for human survival. Food has had a significant impact on our built environment since the beginning of human life. The process of feeding oneself was most people’s primary job for the greater part of human history. Urban Migration moved people away from rural and natural landscapes on which they had been dependent for food and other amenities for centuries.1 Emergence of the cities leads to a new paradigm where the consumers get their food from rural hinterland where the main production of food products happens2 . In a globalized world with an unprecedented on-going process of urbanization, There is an ever reducing clarity between urban and rural, the paper argues that the category of the urban & rural as a spatial and morphological descriptor has to be reformulated, calling for refreshing, innovating and formulating the way in which urban and rural resource flows happen. India is projected to be more than 50% urban by 2050 (currently 29%). The next phase of economic and social development will be focused on urbanization of its rural areas. This 50 %, which will impact millions of people, will not come from cities, but from the growth of rural towns and small cities. Urbanization is accelerated through Government schemes such as JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission ) , PMAY (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana), 100 smart cities challenge, Rurban Mission are formulated with developmental mindset. The current notions of ‘development’ are increasing travel distances, fuels consumption, food imports, deterioration of biodiversity, pollution, temperatures, cost of living. The enormity of the issue is realized when the cumulative effect of all cities is addressed. Urban biased development becomes an ignorant choice, causing the death of rural and deterioration of ecological assets. Most people live in places that are distant from production fields have been observed as an increasing trend. Physical separation of people from food production has resulted in a degree of indifference about where and how food is produced, making food a de-contextualized market product as said by Halweil, 20023 . The resulting Psychological separation of people from the food supply and the impacts this may have on long term sustainability of food systems. Methodology : . Sharing the learning about planning for food security through Field surveys, secondary and tertiary sources. Based on the study following parameters : 1. Regional system of water 2. Landforms 3. Soil type 4. Transportation networks 5. Historical evolution 6. Urban influences A case study of Delhi, India, as a site to study a scenario that can be an alternative development model for the peri-urban regions of the city. To use the understanding of spatial development and planning to formulate guidelines for sustainable development of a region that would foster food security.
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Cuciureanu, Ana-Maria. „Traditional nutrition. Case study — Th e Romanian community in Greece“. In Simpozion internațional de etnologie: Tradiții și procese etnice, Ediția III. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975841733.08.
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The act of “eating” is part of the ritual and ceremonial acts that have a great capacity for social transformation with a well-marked symbolic eff ectiveness. Th e history of nutrition cannot be seen as detached from the history of humanity, as they are identifi ed in the stages of their evolution. Factors that play an important role in this regard, infl uencing and sizing specifi c meanings and connotations, are the natural environment, climatic conditions, the socio-economic structure of communities, spiritual beliefs. Migration has been an acute phenomenon of the Romanian society in the last 30 years. If in the second half of the last century, during the communist period, the phenomenon of migration focused on moving the population from rural to urban areas, the liberalization of borders, entering EU structures, NATO, etc., facilitated and even encouraged, in a way or another, the migration of Romanians. Th e Romanian communities have grown signifi cantly, reaching a signifi cant place in the population of migrating countries, and even a representative minority in certain European states (Italy, Spain, Great Britain, etc.). Statistically speaking, Greece does not have a concrete record of the Romanian community, the last census dating from 2007 and the one from the end of 2021 not being centralized yet. In Greece, based on the information provided by the Romanian associations, there are a number of approximately 80,000 — 100,000 Romanians from several areas of Romania, mainly from Moldova, Bucovina and Maramureș, most of them living in Athens and a smaller part on the islands. Th is paper presents a case study, conducted within the Romanian community in Greece, having as main element traditional food. Starting from the idea that this community is part of the mobility diaspora, not being clearly defi ned for a period of time, we will notice, however, that the traditional food is an extremely important element in preserving the national identity. Th e Romanian communities, be they historical or mobility, follow an authentic Romanian social pattern, with few foreign influences, determined by several factors.
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Palipane, Kelum, und Janet McGaw. „An Interdisciplinary Architectural Pedagogy for Social Relevance“. In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.61.
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We live in a time of rapid geo-political change that is expected to accelerate rather than stabilise over the coming decades: More than half the world lives in urban areas, a figure expected to rise to 68% over the next 30 years. Cities are denser and more socially complex than ever before. Rural to urban internal migration continues, but a substantial driver of population transitions is a consequence of inter-national immigration, some of it forced. In fact, there are currently 65 million displaced people in the world; the largest figure in history. These increasingly complex conditions require architects to practice a new kind of critical consciousness about the socio-economic, environmental and demographic multiplicities in which they work. It’s no longer enough to concentrate on the conditions of a site defined by the lines of property ownership. Architects need to adopt a contextually relevant praxis that responds to the multiscalar effects of our changing social condition. To that end, we argue, the emerging generation of architects will need knowledge and methods – often inter-disciplinary – that enable them to read and represent these social complexities and address them through critical design responses. This paper presents a pedagogical approach for a foundational transdisciplinary design studio within a new generalist undergraduate degree in design in which this pedagogical challenge is addressed. It is a core subject in the pathway to professional a master’s degrees in architecture, landscape architecture and urban design.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Rural-urban migration – history"
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Guðmundsdóttir, Hjördís, Maja Brynteson und Sigrid Jessen. Should I stay or should I go? Early career mobility and migration drivers. Nordregio, Oktober 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/wp2023:71403-2511.
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Where do young people wish to settle down, and why? Recent data show a high level of internal migration among young adults in the Nordic region, with a striking differences in migration intensities between people in their 20s compared to people in their 30s. Exploring current trends in mobility is vital for regional integration and prosperity, planning provisions and projections. The attraction of young individuals from urban areas and university towns to non-metropolitan regions is an important source of economic growth for many regions. The review of young people's mobility behaviour in the early career stage in the Nordic countries highlights that migration decisions are influenced by a set of various push and pull factors, working simultaneously. It is important to understand the background of the mover, where the behavior of the mover is impacted by educational background and industrial specialisation, geographical origin, gender, income-level and civic status. Learning more about current migration drivers and migration aspirations of the early career cohorts in the Nordic countries will help policymakers to shape the future of Nordic labour markets and better prepare the future labour supply and demands in rural areas. This working paper present the main findings from previous studies on migration drivers and will serve as a baseline for the data collection on migration history and migration aspirations of young people in the Nordic countries.
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Busso, Matías, Juan Pablo Chauvin und Nicolás Herrera L. Rural-Urban Migration at High Urbanization Levels. Inter-American Development Bank, Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002904.
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This study assesses the empirical relevance of the Harris-Todaro model at high levels of urbanization a feature that characterizes an increasing number of developing countries, which were largely rural when the model was created 50 years ago. Using data from Brazil, the paper compares observed and model-based predictions of the equilibrium urban employment rate of 449 cities and the rural regions that are the historic sources of their migrant populations. Little support is found in the data for the most basic version of the model. However, extensions that incorporate labor informality and housing markets have much better empirical traction. Harris-Todaro equilibrium relationships are relatively stronger among workers with primary but no high school education, and those relationships are more frequently found under certain conditions: when cities are relatively larger; and when associated rural areas are closer to the magnet city and populated to a greater degree by young adults, who are most likely to migrate.