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1
Tomić, Milan, Sandra Rover, Bojan Pejović und Nina Uremović. „Functional links between rural and urban areas in the territory of the city of Banja Luka and the perspective of their development“. Economics of Sustainable Development 4, Nr. 2 (2020): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/esd2002050t.
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Different types of interactions between rural and urban areas have the effect of improving economic, social, cultural and political dimensions in both areas, separating these two areas by their type of activity. Rural and urban types of regions have different resources and means that can be used in a complementary way. In rural-urban interaction there is a possibility of occurrence of conflict of interest of these two areas. This kind of conflict should be overcome when applying the partnership approach between rural and urban areas. The types of rural areas, depending on the proximity of the urban center and the functions of these areas, are divided into suburban, agricultural and remote type areas. By determining the functions of each type of area, the type and intensity of the interactions of rural areas with the urban center are presented. Rural entrepreneurs are able to bridge rural-urban differences, possessing certain market knowledge and descriptions of the characteristics of urban environments, while benefiting from their position. Rural entrepreneurs' interaction with the urban environment can contribute to sustainable economic relations between citizens in urban and rural areas. This paper presents the results of research related to determining the functions of certain areas, their strengths, unused and utilized resources, the frequency of interaction with the urban environment and the perspectives of suburban, agricultural and remote type areas in the context of interaction with the urban environment.
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Polo, Gina, Diego Soler-Tovar, Luis Carlos Villamil-Jiménez und Carlos Mera. „Preventive measures focused on the urban-rural interface protect rural food-producing communities from SARS-CoV-2“. Biomédica 42, Sp. 2 (31.10.2022): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.6313.
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Introduction: Rural food-producing communities are fundamental for the development of economic activities associated with sustainability and food security. However, despite the importance of rurality in Colombia, preventive strategies continue to be implemented homogeneously, without considering the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in rural food-producing communities.Objective: To model real areas in Colombia involving rural and urban populations that have intrinsic SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. Characterize rural-urban interactions by means of a parameter that provides different scenarios and allows us to identify interactions capable of preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in rural food-producing communities.Materials and methods: The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection was modeled in five case studies (Boyacá, Caquetá, Cundinamarca, Santander and Sucre) considering urban and rural areas and their interaction (connectivity) in the urban-rural interface. For this purpose, an epidemiological compartmental model considering a classification of individuals according to their economic activity and their epidemiological status was assessed. Results: Preventive measures focused on the urban-rural interface impact the number of deaths in rural areas. Hence, it is possible to assume that the dynamics of the disease in rural areas depend on the constant interaction with infected individuals from urban areas, which occurs due to the food production dynamics in the urban-rural interface. Conclusions: Preventive measures should focus on places of high transmissibility and risk for rural communities, such as the urban-rural interface. This work highlights the importance of national heterogeneous preventive measures and the protection of rural communities from the social and economic impacts of SARS-CoV-2.
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Delgado-Viñas, Carmen, und María-Luisa Gómez-Moreno. „The Interaction between Urban and Rural Areas: An Updated Paradigmatic, Methodological and Bibliographic Review“. Land 11, Nr. 8 (11.08.2022): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081298.
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The relationships and interactions between rural and urban spaces have long been of interest in the territorial sciences. However, the approaches taken to these questions have evolved in line with the changing characteristics of the two types of territories, reflecting new relationships and structures. From these premises, we update the concept of rural–urban interaction by means of an extensive bibliographic review, which, among other results, highlights: (1) the profound change that has taken place in recent years in rural–urban interaction through processes such as de-agrarianisation, the tertiarisation of the economy and improvements in transport and communication infrastructures; (2) the resulting obsolescence of earlier typologies and procedures focused on discrimination between rural and urban environments, rather than on the interaction between them; (3) the difficulty of establishing valid, widely applicable typologies, given the profound differences in terms of (a) the scale and content of the statistics available in each country and (b) the territorial background in terms of economic functions and the characteristics, ancient and modern, of human settlement; (4) the predominance of an urban-centric approach, to the detriment of more traditional rural functions, such as agriculture, the importance of which is diluted by its low relative weight in terms of employed population and contribution to GDP. Consideration of these findings leads us to propose a new approach to the question of rural–urban interaction, reflecting the multifunctionality of rural spaces, and we identify useful areas for future research.
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Markova, Madara. „Rural-urban Interaction Inclusion in Ongoing Latvia Regional Reform“. Landscape architecture and art 15 (23.03.2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.15.09.
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The ongoing process of regional reform in Latvia involves the vision of both rural and urban territories. The nexus between the city and the countryside and inclusion of it into realistic policy is deemed a good approach for solving failures of the European cohesion policy. To study cohesion between rural and urban areas, there is a need to identify the meaning of two concepts – the city and the countryside. The field rural and urban territories interact is the regional spatial level. And to manage regional development the normative framework is important. Aim of the research is to find does the new regional reform in Latvia is in close cohesion with the New Urban Agenda, especially linkages of rural and urban. Development politics included in research tend to include a question regarding rural-urban interaction, but only in some points. Documents of the United Nations included in research provide a very clear definition of the actions to be taken to ensure cohesion between urban and rural territories. The next step would be to assess and understand how to achieve. The issues of creation and opportunities of cohesion have been discussed in Latvia. It is not clear does the ongoing regional reform in Latvia will achieve declared goals regarding rural-urban interaction after ongoing discussions with the local municipalities.
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Karpovich, Yu V., und V. V. Lepikhin. „Urbanization and Development of Rural Territories: Urban and Rural Continua Interaction“. Ekonomicheskie i sotsial’no-gumanitarnye issledovaniya 2 (18) (Juni 2018): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24151/2409-1073-2018-2-31-34.
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Li, Yuheng. „Urban–rural interaction patterns and dynamic land use: implications for urban–rural integration in China“. Regional Environmental Change 12, Nr. 4 (13.03.2012): 803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0295-4.
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Xu, Jing, Zhenjian Zeng, Zhenhua Xi, Zhencong Peng, Gangheng Chen, Xiting Zhu und Xinjia Chen. „Research on Sustainable Urban–Rural Integration Development: Measuring Levels, Influencing Factors, and Exploring Driving Mechanisms—Taking Eight Cities in the Greater Bay Area as Examples“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 8 (17.04.2024): 3357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16083357.
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Urban–rural integration is a top priority in social development and an urgent requirement for vigorously promoting rural revitalization. However, the current development of urban–rural integration in China still faces issues such as an unreasonable urban–rural industrial structure, unidirectional flow of rural population, and low sense of belonging among rural residents. Based on this, this paper selects eight cities from the Greater Bay Area as examples, organizing urban–rural integration development data from 1986 to 2022. It employs principal component analysis to quantitatively evaluate the evolutionary trend of urban–rural integration, constructs a fixed-effect panel quantile regression model to explore the factors influencing urban–rural integration and its spatiotemporal evolution, and uses threshold effects and interaction effects to test the threshold and application requirements for maximizing the benefits of urban–rural integration driving mechanisms, drawing empirical insights from comparisons with other bay areas around the world. The research found the following: First, between 1986 and 2022, the development of urban–rural integration in the Greater Bay Area steadily progressed, with gradually emerging effects, and industrial integration and population integration made significant contributions to the development of urban–rural integration. Second, the driving mechanisms of market economics, government intervention, and social fusion significantly impact urban–rural integration, with the influence of market economics being the most significant. Third, the impacts of the three driving mechanisms on urban–rural integration show temporal and spatial differences. In terms of time, market economics and government intervention always have a positive impact, while social fusion shows a “suppressing-promoting” trend, with a lower impact coefficient. Spatially, there are differences in strategies and priorities for promoting urban–rural integration in each region. Fourth, all three driving mechanisms exhibit threshold effects, and the explanatory power of any two interacting driving mechanisms for urban–rural integration development is stronger than that of any single mechanism. Notably, the combined interaction effect of the three driving mechanisms has the highest impact coefficient. The driving mechanisms should be implemented according to the principles of “synchronization, heterogeneity, and categorization”.
8
Peace, Adrian, und Jonathan Baker. „Small Town Africa: Studies in Rural-Urban Interaction“. International Journal of African Historical Studies 24, Nr. 2 (1991): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219834.
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9
Li, Yuheng. „Agricultural Cooperatives for Urban-rural Interaction in China“. SCIENZE REGIONALI, Nr. 1 (Februar 2013): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/scre2013-001002.
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10
O'CONNOR, ANTHONY. „Small Town Africa: Studies in rural-urban interaction“. African Affairs 91, Nr. 363 (April 1992): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098505.
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11
Ovaska, Ulla, Hilkka Vihinen, Henk Oostindie, Joaquín Farinós, Mojca Hrabar, Emils Kilis, Jurij Kobal, Talis Tisenkopfs und Hans Vulto. „Network Governance Arrangements and Rural-Urban Synergy“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 5 (09.03.2021): 2952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052952.
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Increasing attention has been paid to the importance of balanced rural–urban interaction to sustainable regional development. Yet, our knowledge on the elements of network governance for such interaction is scarce. The aim of this paper is to study what kind of network governance arrangements currently exist, how they can be improved, and whether evolutionary governance paths can be identified. We analyse five existing and evolving cases of functioning rural–urban interaction in European Union (EU) member states, using a network governance framework as an analytical lens. We supplement the governance analysis with examining what kind of spatial understanding or combination of different spatial lenses the studied rural–urban governance arrangements rely on, as well as with the role of smart development in the studied cases. Our results emphasise the significance of division of power and collaborative decision-design in guaranteeing balanced and mutually beneficial interaction. Furthermore, we recommend changes in current policies in order to tap into the potential of rural–urban synergy.
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Xiao, Daiquan, und Xuecai Xu. „Investigating interaction pattern between urban-rural integration and transport network: A dynamic evolution model“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 5 (04.05.2022): e0266063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266063.
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With the progress of urbanization and urban-rural integration (URI), the interaction between URI and urban-rural transport network is becoming stronger, thus it is necessary to investigate the interactive relationship between URI and transport network. By assuming certain functions and principles, evolution model was proposed to explain the relationship between URI space development scale and urban-rural transport network scale, and then by considering the interaction between URI and transport network, dynamic evolution model was presented. Stability analysis was performed to verify the interaction relations with three patterns and elasticity simulation provided the optimal value of urban-rural transport network scale configuration. The results may provide potential insights on URI development and transport network.
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Bu, Yangfan. „The Practice Path and Internal Logic of Urban-Rural Community Integration Governance“. Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences 3, Nr. 2 (25.06.2023): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajmss.v3i2.10017.
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The community is the basic unit of primary-level social governance, and the transformation of community governance practices in the urban-rural dual field to an integrated path is a key measure to promote the modernization of urban and rural primary-level social governance systems and governance capabilities. China's urban communities are characterized by rich basic resources but lack of endogenous power, and rural communities are generally in the initial stage of construction but have a solid cultural consensus. Based on the Functional Course Theory, this study analyzes the differences in the development of urban and rural community governance in China and reveals that the disconnection of institutional systems, lack of interaction between organizations, and disjointed governance models are the reasons for the large differences in the development paths of urban and rural community governance. Institutional interdependence, structural complementarity, and method of mutual learning are the footholds of the integrated development path of urban and rural community governance. In the context of urban-rural integration, it is necessary to coordinate urban and rural community governance and promote community governance innovation through urban-rural social interaction, gradually narrow the gap in community governance paths, and promote the integration of urban and rural social governance.
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Wang, Yang, Chengchao Zuo und Mengke Zhu. „How Semi-Urbanisation Drives Expansion of Rural Construction Land in China: A Rural-Urban Interaction Perspective“. Land 13, Nr. 1 (21.01.2024): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010117.
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The expansion of rural construction land in China has led to ecological consequences under the context of rural depopulation, despite government land use controls. While previous studies have investigated the local factors contributing to the expansion of rural construction land, the semi-urbanisation of urban immigrants distant from rural areas has received less attention. To better understand the connections between the semi-urbanisation in the urban areas and the construction land expansion in rural areas, this study constructed a network/spatial lag of N/X (N/SLX) model that incorporated the network lagged term of the socio-economic traits of semi-urbanised migrants to analyse how urban semi-urbanisation influenced rural construction land. Our findings suggest that both the income of rural-urban migrants and the difficulty of obtaining urban household registration are positively correlated with the expanding extent of rural construction land. Conversely, the living expenses of migrants and city economic development are negatively correlated with that of rural construction land. Considering our findings, we propose that policies facilitating the settlement and integration of rural out-migrants into cities and proceeding urbanisation based on county towns are crucial to curb the inefficient expansion of rural construction land.
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Yu, Ying, Yong Li, Pengfei Ge und Hua Rong. „Spatial Spillover and Convergent Mechanism of Urban–Rural Financial Imbalances: Evidence from China“. Land 12, Nr. 7 (23.07.2023): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071467.
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Based on the perspective of financial geography, this study analyzed the convergent mechanism of urban–rural financial imbalances under the influence of spatial spillover through the theoretical framework of spatial process, spatial action, and spatial convergence. Then, we empirically tested the spatial spillover, spatial difference, and spatial convergence of urban–rural financial imbalances in China from 1991 to 2021. We found that urban–rural financial imbalances showed significant spillover effects and heterogeneous characteristics. Spillovers based on financial radiation and exclusion were apparent during the urban financial agglomeration stage, decreasing with geographical distance, and had an essential impact on the convergence of provincial urban–rural financial imbalance. As such spillovers declined during the financial diffusion period, new spillovers at the technology and information dimensions, which were less geographically constrained, came into play and contributed to urban–rural financial convergence. The policy implications are that it is necessary to pay attention to the spatial interaction of urban–rural financial inequality, correctly use their spillover effects to achieve financial convergence, and activate new spatial spillover channels according to their spatial interaction mode changes for further urban and rural financial convergence.
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Быстрова, Татьяна Юрьевна, und Григорий Васильевич Мазаев. „Interaction between rural and urban settlement systems: opportunities and challenges“. Академический вестник УралНИИпроект РААСН, Nr. 4(55) (30.12.2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25628/uniip.2022.55.4.004.
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В статье анализируется взаимодействие систем сельского и городского расселения, развитие каждой из которых происходит по индивидуальному сценарию. Авторы отталкиваются от идеи частичной преемственности городской системы расселения по отношению к сельской - при наличии ее качественного своеобразия. Определены четыре этапа взаимодействия систем сельского и городского расселения. Показана инерционность сельской системы, выражающаяся в сохранении исторических форм ее организации в сегодняшнем состоянии расселения. The article analyzes the interaction of rural and urban settlement systems, the development of each of which occurs according to an individual scenario. The authors start from the idea of the continuity of the urban system of settlement in relation to the rural one, in the presence of its qualitative originality. Four stages of interaction between rural and urban settlement systems have been identified. The inertia of the rural system is shown, which is expressed in the preservation of the historical forms of its organization in the current state of settlement.
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Wang, Yin, Dian Min, Wenli Ye, Kongsen Wu und Xinjun Yang. „The Impact of Rural Location on Farmers’ Livelihood in the Loess Plateau: Local, Urban–Rural, and Interconnected Multi-Spatial Perspective Research“. Land 12, Nr. 8 (18.08.2023): 1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12081624.
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With the strengthening of regional and urban–rural interactions, farmers’ livelihood activities are becoming increasingly complex, and environmental factors that influence farmers’ livelihoods have multi-spatial effects. Consequently, comprehending farmers’ livelihoods from a multi-spatial perspective is imperative. Based on surveys conducted in 65 villages and 451 households in Jia County on the Loess Plateau, China, rural locations were deconstructed into natural, traffic, and positional advantages to explore the relationships and mechanisms between the rural environment and farmers’ livelihood stability from local, urban–rural, and interconnected multi-spatial perspectives. We found that 77% of the villages achieved a moderate or high Rural Location Advantage Index (RLAI) rating; 45% still lack natural advantages and are mainly located in hilly and sandy areas because of the fragile ecological environment of the Loess Plateau. Additionally, the Livelihood Stability Index (LSI) was moderate overall, but with significant spatial heterogeneity, and 72% of farmers possess strong transition capacity and have shifted away from relying on monoculture as their primary livelihood strategy. While a certain coupling correspondence exists between the LSI and RLAI, the interaction is intricate rather than a simple linear agglomeration process. The spatial variation in the LSI results from the superposition or interaction of multi-spatial location factors. The rural–urban spatial location factors are the key control element of the LSI and the interaction between rural–urban and local spatial location factors has the greatest influence on the LSI. It is simple for interconnected spatial location factors to produce a scale correlation effect, and have non-negligible effects on farmers’ livelihoods when they interact with other spatial location factors. Understanding the impact of rural location on farmers’ livelihood from a multi-spatial perspective is of great practical significance for identifying the causes of spatial heterogeneity in livelihoods and enhancing multi-level policy coordination on rural revitalization and livelihood security.
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Conway, Dennis, Robert B. Potter und Tim Unwin. „The Geography of Urban-Rural Interaction in Developing Countries“. Economic Geography 66, Nr. 1 (Januar 1990): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/144113.
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Li, Yuheng. „Urban‐rural interaction in China: historic scenario and assessment“. China Agricultural Economic Review 3, Nr. 3 (06.09.2011): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17561371111165770.
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Li, Yanan, Chan Xiong und Yan Song. „How Do Population Flows Promote Urban–Rural Integration? Addressing Migrants’ Farmland Arrangement and Social Integration in China’s Urban Agglomeration Regions“. Land 11, Nr. 1 (06.01.2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010086.
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China’s urban–rural relationships have been changed dramatically by the intensifying population flows, especially in urban agglomeration regions. This study contributes to the interpretation of urban–rural integration mechanisms in urban agglomeration by constructing a conceptual framework of migration-related resource flows. Taking the Wuhan urban agglomeration as an example, migrants’ farmland arrangement, migration pattern, and social integration have been investigated to uncover the spatial and temporal characteristics of the urban–rural interaction, based on the data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2012–2017. The findings indicate that the farmland circulation in the Wuhan urban agglomeration was generally low, but slightly higher than that of the national average. The central city, Wuhan, had a high degree of family migration and social integration, indicating stronger resource flows in developed areas. However, its farmland circulation level was lower than that of non-central cities. The unsynchronized interaction of resources in urban and rural areas should be taken seriously, especially in areas with a relatively developed urban economy. The advantages of the central city in absorbing and settling migrants confirmed the positive impact of the urban agglomeration on promoting urban–rural integration.
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Zhu, Wenjun, Si Zhu, Bruno F. Sunguya und Jiayan Huang. „Urban–Rural Disparities in the Magnitude and Determinants of Stunting among Children under Five in Tanzania: Based on Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys 1991–2016“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 10 (13.05.2021): 5184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105184.
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Our study aims to examine the disparity of under-5 child stunting prevalence between urban and rural areas of Tanzania in the past three decades, and to explore factors affecting the rural–urban disparity. Secondary analyses of Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS) data drawn from 1991–1992, 1996, 1999, 2004–2005, 2009–2010, and 2015–2016 surveys were conducted. Under-5 child stunting prevalence was calculated separately for rural and urban children and its decline trends were examined by chi-square tests. Descriptive analyses were used to present the individual-level, household-level, and societal-level characteristics of children, while multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine determinants of stunting in rural and urban areas, respectively. Additive interaction effects were estimated between residence and other covariates. The results showed that total stunting prevalence was declining in Tanzania, but urban–rural disparity has widened since the decline was slower in the rural area. No interaction effect existed between residence and other determinants, and the urban–rural disparity was mainly caused by the discrepancy of the individual-level and household-level factors between rural and urban households. As various types of determinants exist, multisector nutritional intervention strategies are required to address the child stunting problem. Meanwhile, the intervention should focus on targeting vulnerable children, rather than implementing different policies in rural and urban areas.
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Liu, Haixia, Xiaojing Fan, Huanyuan Luo, Zhongliang Zhou, Chi Shen, Naibao Hu und Xiangming Zhai. „Comparison of Depressive Symptoms and Its Influencing Factors among the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 8 (07.04.2021): 3886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083886.
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Depression amongst the elderly population is a worldwide public health problem, especially in China. Affected by the urban–rural dual structure, depressive symptoms of the elderly in urban and rural areas are significantly different. In order to compare depressive symptoms and its influencing factors among the elderly in urban and rural areas, we used the data from the fourth wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 7690 participants at age 60 or older were included in this study. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence estimate of depression between urban and rural elderly (χ2 = 10.9.76, p < 0.001). The prevalence of depression among rural elderly was significantly higher than that of urban elderly (OR-unadjusted = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.67 to 2.12). After adjusting for gender, age, marital status, education level, minorities, religious belief, self-reported health, duration of sleep, life satisfaction, chronic disease, social activities and having income or not, the prevalence of depression in rural elderly is 1.52 times (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.76) than that of urban elderly. Gender, education level, self-reported health, duration of sleep, chronic diseases were associated with depression in both urban and rural areas. In addition, social activities were connected with depression in urban areas, while minorities, marital status and having income or not were influencing factors of depression among the rural elderly. The interaction analysis showed that the interaction between marital status, social activities and urban and rural sources was statistically significant (divorced: coefficient was 1.567, p < 0.05; social activities: coefficient was 0.340, p < 0.05), while gender, education level, minorities, self-reported health, duration of sleep, life satisfaction, chronic disease, social activities having income or not and urban and rural sources have no interaction (p > 0.05). Thus, it is necessary to propose targeted and precise intervention strategies to prevent depression after accurately identifying the factors’ effects.
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Lorber, Lučka. „New Challenges for Sustainable Rural Development in the 21st Century (part 4)“. Journal for Geography 5, Nr. 2 (31.12.2010): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/rg.5.2.4039.
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The relation between rural and urban areas differs widely through the World. In some areas, particularly in Europe, the distinction between rural and urban is becoming increasingly blurred. This regards in particular rural areas close to urban centres where a process of integration of rural and urban space is taking place. Thus many rural areas, while benefiting from an increased interaction with the urban areas close by and/or from an increasingly diversified economic base, also face the challenges of losing their rural characteristics and identity. At the same time more remote rural areas with low population density and a difficult economic development face an increasing dichotomy between rural and urban areas. Over the next decade urban agglomerations will benefit from current economic and demographic trends whereas many remote rural areas face increasing difficulties and needs to better capitalise their territorial potential.
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Wang, Yi. „Living in a City, Living a Rural Life“. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 28, Nr. 3 (Juli 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448979.
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Rural-urban migrants (mingongs) provide crucial labor for China’s economic growth and global supply chains. Today, second generation mingongs who have spent most of their lives in cities have grown up. However, we know little about if their experiences with technologies are similar to their “urban-native” peers. This study reports on a qualitative study in a community in Beijing. We found a new type of “rurality”: second generation mingongs’ experiences with technologies differed from their urban-native peers in nearly every aspect, but exhibited similarities with their peers in rural areas. Taking nostalgia and memory as theoretical lenses, we demonstrate that such a “rurality” could be a coping mechanism for mingongs’ identity struggles. Our work contributed to HCI and CSCW literature by identifying the existence of a new type of “rurality.” That is, although residing in the city for nearly almost all of their lives, these second generation mingongs experiences greatly differed from their urban-native peers while exhibiting certain similarities with people living in rural areas.
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Saenz, Joseph. „Rural and Urban Dwelling Across the Life-Course and Late-Life Cognitive Ability in Mexico“. Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (01.12.2020): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1905.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Research has consistently suggested urban dwelling in late adulthood is associated with better cognitive ability. Whether early life rural/urban dwelling and its interaction with late-life rural/urban dwelling relate with late-life cognitive ability in the context of Mexico is not well understood. METHOD: Data comes from the 2003 Mexican Health and Aging Study. Early life rural/urban was assessed as respondents’ reports of growing up in an urban/rural area. Current rural/urban was assessed by locality size (greater/fewer than 100,000 residents). RESULTS: Both early life and current rural residence were associated with poorer cognitive ability independent of education, literacy, early life SES and health, income/wealth, healthcare access, health, and health behaviors. Compared to individuals who always lived in rural areas, rural to urban migration was associated with better cognitive ability. DISCUSSION: In addition to current rural/urban dwelling, researchers should consider where individuals lived in early life and migration across the life-course.
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Zhang, Chenhao. „The Role of Social Media in Urban and Rural Planning“. Communications in Humanities Research 28, Nr. 1 (19.04.2024): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/28/20230298.
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The rise of social media has had a wide impact on urban and rural planning, and this paper aims to explore its role in urban and rural planning. Through the analysis and interpretation of a large amount of data on social media platforms, this study reveals the positive role of social media in information dissemination, increased participation, and problem feedback in urban and rural planning. By providing convenient channels for information exchange and public participation, social media has effectively improved the decision-making process and effect of urban and rural planning. The article also deeply studies the interaction mechanism between urban and rural planning and social media, discusses the urban and rural planning strategies based on social media, and puts forward relevant suggestions. In urban and rural planning, social media plays a key role in promoting public participation and improving the effect of planning, and plays an important leading role in the future development of urban and rural planning.
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Hay-McCutcheon, Marcia J., Paul E. Reed und Spyridoula Cheimariou. „Positive Social Interaction and Hearing Loss in Older Adults Living in Rural and Urban Communities“. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, Nr. 8 (08.08.2018): 2138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-h-17-0485.
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Purpose This study explored the extent to which hearing loss affected positive social interactions in older adults living in rural and urban communities. Method Pure-tone behavioral hearing assessments were administered to 80 adults 60 years of age or older. In addition, all participants completed 2 questionnaires, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991) and the Patient Health Questionnaire–Ninth Edition (Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001). Results The preliminary findings suggested that adults with hearing loss living in rural towns had poorer positive social interactions compared with their urban counterparts with hearing loss. Also, adults with hearing loss living in rural towns had more symptoms of depression than adults with normal hearing who lived in these same geographical regions. Conclusions These preliminary findings could indicate that older adults with hearing loss living in rural communities will face more isolation than adults with hearing loss living in urban settings. Increasing our understanding of the extent of social isolation in adults with hearing loss living in rural and urban populations will be necessary.
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Wang, Yurun, Pu Zhao, Senkai Xie und Wenjia Zhang. „Mesoscale Structure in Urban–Rural Mobility Networks in the Pearl River Delta Area: A Weighted Stochastic Block Modeling Analysis“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, Nr. 5 (27.04.2023): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12050183.
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Understanding the spatial structure of a megaregion with urban and rural areas is crucial for promoting sustainable urbanization and urban–rural integration. Compared to the city network (or the network of urban areas), however, fewer studies focus on the network connecting rural areas or on the comparison of regional structures between urban and rural networks. Using weighted daily mobility flows from the massive mobile-phone signaling data, this study constructs an urban–urban mobility (UUM) network and an urban–rural mobility (URM) network in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. A weighted stochastic block model (WSBM) was adopted to identify and compare the latent mesoscale structures in the two networks. Results investigated a gradient community mesoscale structure nested with typical core–periphery (CP) structures in the UUM network and an asymmetric bipartite mesoscale structure mixed with CP hierarchies in the URM network. In a comparison of the different spatial configuration of urban/rural nodes and groupings of their roles, positions, and linkages, the study yielded empirical insights for renewed urban–rural interaction and potential planning pathways towards urban–rural integration.
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Van Sandt, Anders, und Craig Wesley Carpenter. „So Close, Yet So Far: The Benefits and Limits of Rural–Urban Industry Linkages“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 5 (01.03.2022): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052875.
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Rural–urban linkages have long been recognized as a potential rural economic development strategy. This article tests the potential effects of rural–urban linkages created through rural food manufacturing, tourism, and data processing centers on rural per capita income, employment, and population between 2009 and 2016. Using unique spatial interaction variables, we empirically estimate the Carlino–Mills conditional growth model for all rural counties in the contiguous US. Robustness checks reveal the limits of this economic development strategy by testing the model specification across different definitions of urban and rural places and varying spatial lags. Results suggest that both agritourism and data processing centers increase per capita incomes and employment through rural–urban linkages across distances, urbanicity, and rurality. The potential of beneficial rural–urban linkages associated with food manufacturing appears to be more situational, while creative class and outdoor recreation had small negative or insignificant rural-urban linkage effects on the three economic outcomes.
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Liu, Jianxu, Xiaoqing Li, Shutong Liu, Sanzidur Rahman und Songsak Sriboonchitta. „Addressing Rural–Urban Income Gap in China through Farmers’ Education and Agricultural Productivity Growth via Mediation and Interaction Effects“. Agriculture 12, Nr. 11 (15.11.2022): 1920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111920.
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Narrowing the rural–urban income gap is an important challenge in achieving sustained and stable economic and social development in China. The present study investigates the role of farmers’ education and agricultural productivity growth in influencing the rural–urban income gap by applying mediation, interaction, and quantile regression models to provincial panel data of China from 2003 to 2017. Results show that, first of all, China’s agricultural productivity (TFP) continues to improve, and it is mainly driven by technical change (TC), with no significant role of technical efficiency change (TEC) or stable scale change (SC). Improving farmers’ education not only directly narrows the rural–urban income gap but also indirectly improves agricultural productivity to further narrow the rural–urban income gap. Due to differences in income sources of farmers, the corresponding impacts of farmers’ education and agricultural productivity growth on the rural–urban income gap also differ. Policy recommendations include continued investments in farmers’ education and training as well as modernization of agricultural for higher productivity growth.
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Judd, Fiona K., Henry J. Jackson, Angela Komiti, Greg Murray, Gene Hodgins und Caitlin Fraser. „High Prevalence Disorders in Urban and Rural Communities“. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, Nr. 1 (Februar 2002): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.00986.x.
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Objective: High prevalence disorders (anxiety, depressive and substance use) are generally assumed to be more common in urban than rural dwellers. The aims of this paper are (i) to critically review studies measuring prevalence in rural as opposed to urban location, and (ii) to argue the need to look beyond the ‘quantity’ question to the quality question: how does urban or rural place influence mental health? Method: A literature review (Medline and PsychLIT) was carried out using the words ‘rural, urban, mental/psychiatric, illness/disorders and prevalence’, as well as a review of relevant papers and publications known to the authors. Results: Many studies examining urban/rural differences in the rate of high prevalence disorders have been reported. Most use a ‘one size fits all’ definition of urban and rural, which assumes location is the key issue. The majority fail to show the purported difference in prevalence between the two settings. In general, studies have not examined interaction effects, but have simply treated the independent variables as main effects. Available data suggest that a variety of socio-demographic factors are more powerful predictors of difference in prevalence than is the location of residence. Conclusion: Further studies are required to understand if and how rural or urban place contributes to the development of psychiatric morbidity. These studies should mirror the clinical situation by taking into account a variety of individual and community-based (including urban/rural place) risk factors which may be important determinants of mental health and mental illness, and examining the interaction between them. This may then identify the nature of any differences or what issues are specific to, or especially important, in the rural setting.
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AOYAMA, Akihisa. „A Modern Significance of Interaction between Urban and Rural Areas“. JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 34, Nr. 1 (2015): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.34.23.
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Rusta, Ana. „City: Melting Locus and Cross-Cultural Difference Versus Rural (The Case of Tirana after the 90s)“. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, s2 (01.07.2017): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2018-0037.
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Abstract After the 1990s, with the recognition of a number of rights denied during the communist regime, such as free movement, there was a large movement of internal migration from rural areas to large urban areas, especially towards the city of Tirana. A number of factors, mainly economic and social factors, favored this massive population movement from rural areas to urban areas. Almost complete disintegration of the economic base in rural areas, as well as infrastructure shortages, have pushed large numbers of population into urban areas, especially towards the periphery, across migration flows. On the other hand, enormous rural migration not only redefined the physical boundaries of the city but also produced new social and economic forms. As a result of interaction and confrontation of the social and cultural mentalities between rural and urban population (the case of Tirana) emerged several phenomena that created a clear demarcation area under the cultural and social aspects, as well as semi-rural or semiurban hybrid interaction. In this perspective, this essay attempts to use a multidisciplinary approach to explain the general factors of this massive internal migration but also some aspects of the newly-formed landscape of social and cultural mentalities after this migration. As a result of this cultural interaction, we attempt to understand the reality of various subcultures in the city of Tirana and social behaviors in order to clarify the effects of this process regarding the dilemma on the ruralization of the urban or urbanization of the rural population.
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Wang, Tao. „Marginality of Rural Migrant Students in Eleven Chinese High Schools“. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 2, Nr. 2 (31.12.2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/30.
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Since Chinese economic reform in the 1980s that prompted increased urbanization, gap between rural and urban places continually widen, and obvious cultural differences are observed. Rural populations migrate to heterogeneous urban environments and meet problems of marginality. Most rural students enter the city when receiving senior high school education in urban high schools. Perceiving the differences in urban life, these students begin to acquire urbanite and urban cultural personalities. Meanwhile, because of their original lower socioeconomic status, they are caught between rural culture and urban culture, and experience marginality in different ways. Based on insights derived from visiting 11 urban high schools and talking to 55 students, this paper details their marginal experiences in study adaption, life experience, social interaction, relationships, and value are described.
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Pedersen, Darhl M. „Preferred City Size by Ruralists and Urbanites“. Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1986): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.441.
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30 women rated three specific rural, urban, and metropolitan environments on an Environmental Rating Scale. The scale was a semantic differential having 23 bipolar adjectives. Half of the subjects had lived primarily in an urban area and half in a rural area. The purpose of the study was to determine preferences for the three environments by the two groups. A 2 × 3 analysis of variance yielded a significant interaction which showed that rural residents preferred a rural environment, and urbanites preferred an urban one.
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Chen, Mingxing, Yuan Zhou, Xinrong Huang und Chao Ye. „The Integration of New-Type Urbanization and Rural Revitalization Strategies in China: Origin, Reality and Future Trends“. Land 10, Nr. 2 (18.02.2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020207.
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New-type urbanization and rural revitalization have gradually become national strategies, and are an objective requirement for China to be able to enter into a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics and also an inevitable result of the integration of new-type urbanization and rural development in the new stage. This paper reviews the classic theories and cognition of the research on urban–rural relations at home and abroad, and outlines the stage evolution characteristics of urban–rural relations in China. It is believed that urban-biased urbanization has widened the development gap between urban and rural areas since reform and opening up. Under the guidance of the two strategies of new-type urbanization and rural revitalization, urban and rural areas have transitioned from “one-way flow” to “bilateral interaction”, and from “urban bias” to “urban–rural integration”. This paper puts forward a research framework and scientific issues regarding the integration of new-type urbanization and rural revitalization from multidisciplinary perspectives. The integration of these two major strategies will contribute to a new situation of the coordinated and high-quality development of urban and rural areas in the new era.
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Xiang, Shanshan, Liping Shan, Wuzhou Li und Lingyan Huang. „A Comparative Analysis of the Interaction between Urban-Rural Construction Land Transition and Population Flow: Dominant and Recessive Perspectives“. Land 12, Nr. 10 (25.09.2023): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12101829.
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Population flow caused by rapid urbanization has driven the urban-rural construction land transition. A systematic recognition of their interaction is essential for achieving coordinated and sustainable urban-rural development. We chose Hangzhou, one of the most urbanized cities in China, as the study area to analyze this interaction from the perspectives of dominant morphology and recessive morphology during the period of 2010 to 2020. From the perspective of dominant morphology, a structured analysis method is applied to assess the variation in the internal components. A dynamic land utilization efficiency index is proposed and combined with an original static land utilization efficiency index to comprehensively portray a complete periodicity of urban-rural construction land transition and population flow from the perspective of recessive morphology. Results demonstrate that the path dependence of rural industrialization leads to a seemingly stagnant urban-rural construction land transition in Hangzhou. Meanwhile, the rapid increase in the demographic urbanization rate has been supported by the massive inflow of external migrants. Based on the more stringent dynamic land utilization efficiency index and the more comprehensive combination of static and dynamic indices, the moderate expansion of urban construction land increases the proportion of township-level units of the intensive land utilization pattern while, instead of population loss, the general non-intensive land utilization pattern in rural areas has been driven by the overexpansion of rural residential land.
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Tian, Yasi, und Lei Wang. „The Effect of Urban-Suburban Interaction on Urbanization and Suburban Ecological Security: A Case Study of Suburban Wuhan, Central China“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 4 (20.02.2020): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041600.
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In developing countries like China, urbanization is still occurring at a rapid pace. During urbanization, the urban land expands drastically, which makes suburbs the most affected area facing urban expansion. The land transition has proven to threaten the function and security of ecosystems, and therefore the topics of suburban land transition and ecological security have raised much attention. However, the urban-suburban interaction, which is one of the basic characteristics of suburbs, has been insufficiently considered. The urban-suburban interaction is developed based on the flows of people, materials, and information between urban and suburban areas, and it essentially reveals the relationship between human activities and land-use optimization. To fill the research gap, this study adopts a case study of Wuhan city, and first quantifies the urban-suburban interactions from a symbiotic perspective, and investigates rural residents and public buses to verify the estimated interactions. The results show that there is obvious heterogeneity in urban-suburban interactions in different suburban towns. Correlation analysis and geographic weight regression are then applied to demonstrate the relationship between the urban-suburban interaction and urbanization in the suburbs. Additionally, urbanization potential in the suburbs is estimated. Then, a suburban ecological security assessment is conducted by a “pressure-status-response” (PSR) model, and the urbanization potential that is estimated based on urban-suburban interaction is integrated as a “pressure” indicator. The comparison between the suburban ecological security assessment results based on considering and not considering urban-suburban interaction demonstrates the importance of considering urban-suburban interaction. This study contributes to the understanding of the complicated relationships of urban-suburban socio-economic, spatial, and ecological environments, and offers suggestions for suburban planning and ecological protection.
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Quispe Roque, Diana Margaret, und Claudia Aravena. „Interacción con la Reserva Nacional del Titicaca y percepción de la problemática ambiental“. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 21, Nr. 1 (23.06.2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2021.01.02.
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This study investigates the differences in the interaction and perception of the environmental problems in the Titicaca National Reserve between households in the rural and urban areas of its buffer-zone. We conducted semi-structured interviews and surveys and a test of difference. Results show significant differences in the socioeconomic profile of the households. Rural interaction is associated with the use of the resources as a source of food and livestock, while in the urban area it is associated to recreation. The pollution of the lake was the main environmental problem identified. However, rural households perceive the overexploitation of natural resources.
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Roy, Debdyuti, Sankar Kumar Acharyaq, Monirul Haque, Amrita Kumar Sarkar und Tapan Kumar Mandal. „Migration Attributes in Adaptation and Its Correlates during Pandemic: The Socio-ecological Interpretation“. Indian Journal of Extension Education 59, Nr. 1 (2023): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2023.59116.
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Migration is an integral part of social ecology as well as economic development. The four streams of internal migration are rural-rural, rural-urban, urban-rural, and urban-urban. Rural-urban migration has its inherent linkages to agricultural development. In recent years, COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of migration by humongous scale and magnitude. The study was conducted to examine the nature and extent of rural-urban migration, the role, performance and adaptation during migration of family vis-a-vis individual, the inter and intra-level interaction between two sets of variables, and lastly to generate a micro sociological policy based on the empirical research during 2020-21. Three urban and three rural areas of Birbhum district were selected purposively, depending on the prevalence of agricultural and non-agricultural activities. Three hundred respondents were identified through the snowball sampling method. The results show that variables like age, education, family size, income, expenditure, employment and management factor have the highest impact on migration. Also, both the pull and push factors are the main driver of migration.
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E. AKSHAYA*. „EXPLORATION OF PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION AMONG ANGANWADI CHILDREN AND THEIR PARENTS“. Journal of Research ANGRAU 51, Nr. 2 (30.06.2023): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.58537/jorangrau.2023.51.2.11.
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The study conducted in the year 2022 aimed to analyze the parent-child interaction between Anganwadi children and their parents in the Kannur district of Kerala. Through purposive sampling, 197 samples were selected. The sample includes 114 parents from rural areas and 83 from urban areas. Data collection was done through a self made rating scale. Major findings of the study conclude that the Parent child interaction rate was more than 75%. Significant difference doesn’t exists between urban and rural areas in the Parent child interaction rate, the mean score of parent child interaction rate do not differ with age groups, educational qualification and professions. However, the mean score of Parent child interaction rate differs with income groups
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Hussaini, Syed, Amanda L. Blackford und Arjun Gupta. „Rural-urban disparities in mortality from gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, Nr. 4_suppl (01.02.2022): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.644.
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644 Background: There are notable economic, social, and political challenges to rural healthcare delivery in the US. Patients with GI cancer have high symptom burden and complex needs, challenging healthcare infrastructure. We investigated U.S. rural-urban disparities in age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) from GI cancers. Methods: We utilized the CDC Wonder database to analyze deaths from GI cancer from 1999 to 2019. Per the 2013 US Census classification, we created population categories using the NCHS Urban-Rural Classification Scheme: large metropolitan (population, ≥1 million), small-or-medium-sized metropolitan (50,000-999 999), and rural (<50,000) areas. We calculated AAMRs and stratified results by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. We estimated annual percentage change (APC) in AAMR using a linear regression model of the log-scale with interactions between subgroup and year to examine differential changes over time. Results: We identified 3,020,133 deaths from GI cancers. The overall APC in AAMR was -0.9%, 95%CI, -0.8 to -1.0%. Rural areas noted least improvement in AAMR (APC, -0.6%; 95% CI, -0.4 to -0.6%, interaction p < 0.001) compared to large (APC, -1.2%; 95% CI, -1.1 to -1.3%) and small-or-medium-sized (APC, -0.8%; 95% CI - 0.7 to -0.9%) metropolitans. AAMR in rural areas decreased from 49.2/100,000 in 1999 to 43.8/100,000 in 2019 (p < 0.001; 2019 rural AAMR was highest across all areas) (Table). Across all areas, men had greater AAMRs (p<0.001) and lower reduction in APC (interaction p < 0.001) than women. Non-Hispanic Black individuals (NHBs) had highest AAMRs among all racial/ethnic groups and across all areas (p<0.001). Among those with age≥65 years, NHBs had the highest AAMRs; 367.3/100,000 in 1999 and 266.7/100,000 in 2019, and NHBs living in rural areas had the lowest APC. All racial/ethnic groups saw reductions in AAMRs across all areas. Conclusions: In this national analysis over 2 decades, rural residents with GI cancer experienced greater mortality, and the least improvement in mortality over time. Our findings support ongoing congressional policy to urgently develop infrastructure and improve cancer care access in rural areas. [Table: see text]
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GOTO, Kazuhisa, und Katsutoshi NIINUMA. „New Cooperation between Urban and Rural Areas: From Exchange to Coexistence. A Study on Urban and Rural Interaction by Internet.“ JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 20, Nr. 3 (2001): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.20.215.
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Mondal, Bhaswati. „Commuting and Enhanced Rural-Urban Interaction: A Study from South Bengal“. Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 7, Nr. 4 (2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2017.00277.5.
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Ruzhenko, L. I. „Internal Challenges of Russia in the Context of Interaction «Urban −Rural»“. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 10, Nr. 1 (2010): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2010-10-1-33-38.
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The article deals so internal challenges to Russia, as a demographic problem, the deformation of national identity and leakage of human capital. They considered as interrelated phenomena, which are manifestations of certain global processes that have an objective basis. Using information theory of dynamical systems to build a system of interrelated categories describing these processes, and based on homeostatic modeling examines the specifics of their manifestation in the city and the countryside. We propose recommendations for decision-making in the management of these processes.
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Shahid, Farhana, Shrirang Mare und Aditya Vashistha. „Examining Source Effects on Perceptions of Fake News in Rural India“. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW1 (30.03.2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3512936.
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This paper presents a between-subjects design experiment with 478 people in India to investigate how rural and urban social media users perceive credible and fake posts, and how different types of sources impact their perceptions of information credibility and sharing behaviors. Our findings reveal that: (1) rural social media users were less adept in differentiating between credible and fake posts than their urban counterparts, and (2) source effects on trust and sharing intent manifested differently for urban and rural users. For example, fake posts from family members garnered greater trust among urban users but were trusted the least by rural users. In case of sharing Facebook posts, urban users were more willing to share fake posts from family, whereas, rural users were more inclined to share fake posts from journalists. Drawing on these findings, we propose design interventions to counteract fake news in low-resource environments of the Global South.
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Hao, Nan, und Mingxing Ji. „Development of Platform Economy and Urban–Rural Income Gap: Theoretical Deductions and Empirical Analyses“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 9 (07.05.2023): 7684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097684.
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Against the historical background of the burgeoning platform economy and the promotion of common prosperity, this paper focuses on the impact of the development of the platform economy on the urban–rural income gap. Theoretical mechanism analyses are conducted from three aspects such as nonlinear action of the platform economy on the urban–rural income gap, the rural human capital level-based moderating effect, and the spatial spillover effect. Moreover, empirical analyses are carried out using the threshold model, interaction model, and spatial lag model in turn with panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020. The results of the study show that there is a significant double threshold effect of the development of the platform economy on the urban–rural income gap. The initial development of the platform economy can improve urban–rural income inequality, and the scale effect of the platform will further contribute to the reduction in the urban–rural income gap, but the expansion of market share and the deepening of monopoly will have a suppressive effect on the urban–rural equilibrium. There is a moderating effect of rural human capital in the platform economy in reducing urban–rural income inequality. The increase in the level of rural human capital will enhance the driving effect of the platform economy on the reduction in the rural–urban income gap. There are spatial spillover effects for the impacts of the platform economy on the urban–rural income gap and it positively promotes the coordinated development of urban and rural areas in neighboring provinces. Based on the above results, this paper makes policy proposals from three aspects such as perfecting the system and standard of the platform, improving the rural human capital level, and optimizing platform-based regional cooperation.
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Sun, Xia, Juan Chen und Shenghua Xie. „Becoming Urban Citizens: A Three-Phase Perspective on the Social Integration of Rural-Urban Migrants in China“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 10 (13.05.2022): 5946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105946.
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This article attempts to provide an integrated conceptual framework for understanding how rural-urban migrants in China integrate into urban society. We propose a three-phase conceptual framework in which the social integration of rural-urban migrants is categorized into circular migration, urban settlement, and urban integration. We argue that the three phases differ with respect to the aims of migration, the identity of migrants, the key dimensions of social integration, the role of government, and the hukou policy. While the transition from circular migration to urban settlement is an outcome of economic development and change in demographic structure, as reflected by the economic conditions of rural-urban migrants, welfare expansion also plays a critical role during this process. We further hypothesize that the transition from urban settlement to urban integration will be a result of the social interaction between rural-urban migrants and local urbanites, within which social capital and cultural factors are vital. Since most rural-urban migrants are currently at the phase of urban settlement, we suggest that the Chinese government should enlarge welfare provisions to support their settlement in cities. This study contributes to improving the understanding of how to facilitate social integration of internal migrants in developing countries.
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Allardyce, Judith, Harper Gilmour, Jacqueline Atkinson, Tracey Rapson, Jennifer Bishop und R. G. McCreadie. „Social fragmentation, deprivation and urbanicity: relation to first-admission rates for psychoses“. British Journal of Psychiatry 187, Nr. 5 (November 2005): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.5.401.
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BackgroundSocial disorganisation, fragmentation and isolation have long been posited as influencing the rate of psychoses at area level. Measuring such societal constructs is difficult. A census-based index measuring social fragmentation has been proposed.AimsTo investigate the association between first-admission rates for psychosis and area-based measures of social fragmentation, deprivation and urban/rural index.MethodWe used indirect standardisation methods and logistic regression models to examine associations of social fragmentation, deprivation and urban/rural categories with first admissions for psychoses in Scotland for the 5-year period 1989–1993ResultsAreas characterised by high social fragmentation had higher first-ever admission rates for psychosis independent of deprivation and urban/rural status. There was a dose–response relationship between social fragmentation category and first-ever admission rates for psychosis. There was no statistically significant interaction between social fragmentation, deprivation and urban/ rural index.ConclusionsFirst-admission rates are strongly associated with measures of social fragmentation, independent of material deprivation and urban/rural category.
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Tan, Bo, Hongwei Wang, Chen Ma, Xiaoqin Wang und Jing Zhou. „Spatial and Temporal Measurement of the Interaction between the County Economy and Rural Transformation in Xinjiang, China“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 9 (10.05.2021): 5318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095318.
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Given the background of urbanization and rural revitalization in the new era, it is important to explore the synergy between regional macroeconomics and rural transformation, as a balanced and coordinated urban–rural relationship must be built to promote regional sustainable development and rural revitalization. This paper used the spatial econometric model to study the spatiotemporal synergy and interaction between Xinjiang’s county economy and rural transformation from 2007 to 2017. The conclusions were as follows. A clear spatial difference exists between the county economy and the rural transformation level, and regional bulk agricultural products lack competitiveness. The synergy between the county economy and rural transformation is weak, as the county economy is lagging while rural transformation progresses without collaboration, indicating different types of non-equivalence. The county economy has a stronger spatial dependence on rural transformation and insufficient spillover, a stagnating effect, mainly negative driving effects, and unstable interaction effects; while the unstable changes in rural transformation affect the county economy. The urbanization rate, urban wage level, rural employment structure, and planting area per capita were the main influencing factors. It is necessary to deepen rural transformation, consolidate and enhance its stability, cultivate regional growth poles, promote overall development, and promote regional coordination.