Zeitschriftenartikel: „Runa yn(di)o“

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Unenor, Erni, Rosye H. R. Tanjung und Henderina J. Keiluhu. „Implementasi Sistem Silvikultur TPTI dan TPTJ Teknik Silvikultur Intensif (SILIN) dalam Pengelolaan Hutan di Papua (Studi Kasus PT. Tunas Timber Lestari di Kabupaten Boven Digoel)“. JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA 7, Nr. 2 (28.07.2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jbp.435.

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The application of silvicultural system which deviate from the existing policy leads to aberration of sustainable forest management conducted by IUPHHK holders. Hence observation for implementation in TPTI and TPTJ silvicultural system using SILIN Technique in forest management conducted by IUPHHK holders in Papua needs to be done. This study aims to determine the implementation of TPTI and TPTJ silvicultural system using SILIN Technique in forest management especially in terms of standing diameter increment accretion. Data analysis performed by calculating standing increment, which CAI = Yn-Yn-1 and MAI = Yn –Yo/Tn. The result shows that height and diameter increment (MAI) on TPTJ silvicultural system using SILIN Technique is higher than increment in PUP plot of TPTI silvicultural system. Therefore canopy openings, fertilizations, superior seeds plantations and environmental manipulation in silvicultural system with SILIN Technique contributes influence to standing growth rate, however TPTJ system showed reduction in diameter increment on fourth year measurement suspected by lackness in intensive silvicultural system’s main element. Observation are used in this study.Key words: CAI, MAI, TPTI and SILIN Technique.

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Alexandrová, Zuzana, Irena G. Stará, Petr Sehnal, Filip Teplý, Ivo Starý, David Šaman und Pavel Fiedler. „Synthetic Studies Toward Chiral Aromatic Triynes as Key Substrates for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Helicene-Like Molecules“. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 69, Nr. 12 (2004): 2193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20042193.

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We have developed the synthesis of model nonracemic aromatic triynes (-)-(S)-1-4 containing the 1-{[2-(but-3-yn-1-yl)-1-naphthyl]ethynyl}-2-{[((S)-1-methylprop-2-yn-1-yl)oxy]- methyl}naphthalene unit. The common 1,2-di(2-substituted-1-naphthyl)acetylene part was constructed via Sonogashira coupling of appropriate 1-iodonaphthalenes with 1-ethynylnaphthalenes both bearing tethered acetylene units in positions 2. The chirality of triynes (-)-(S)-1-4 was introduced by incorporating commercially available (-)-(S)-but-3-yn-2-ol (10) into tethered acetylene units. The nonracemic triynes are intended to be used as substrates in stereoselective [2+2+2] triyne cycloisomerization catalyzed by transition metal complexes.

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Baker, Murray V., David H. Brown, Brian W. Skelton und Allan H. White. „Intramolecular Hydroamination of 1,4,7-Tri(pent-4'-yn-1'-yl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane: Formation of an Azoniaspiro-[4.8]-tridecane“. Australian Journal of Chemistry 53, Nr. 9 (2000): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch00123.

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In methanol solution, 1,4,7-tri(pent-4′-yn-1′-yl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane undergoes an intramolecular hydro-amination reaction to form an azoniaspiro[4.8]tridecane cation, 1-methylidene-8,11-di(pent-4′-yn-1′-yl)-8,11-diaza-5-azoniaspiro[4.8]tridecane. The azoniaspiro[4.8]tridecane cation, as its tetraphenylborate salt, has been characterized spectroscopically in solution and by X-ray studies in the solid state. Reactions of the azoniaspiro[4.8]tridecane that lead to other products are also discussed.

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Clare, Linda, Gill Toms, Enlli Thomas, John V. Hindle und Robert T. Woods. „Gweld y Gair: Standardisation and clinical application of a Welsh language measure for estimation of premorbid intellectual functioning“. FPOP Bulletin: Psychology of Older People 1, Nr. 139 (Juli 2017): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsfpop.2017.1.139.17.

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Neuropsychological assessments, especially for suspected dementia, often emphasise the comparison of current and premorbid intellectual functioning. However, when assessing bilinguals, estimation of premorbid intellectual functioning may vary depending on which language provides the medium of testing. For bilingual Welsh-English speakers, testing in English only may yield an inaccurate profile of premorbid ability and hence affect the accuracy of subsequent diagnosis. We report the development and standardisation of a Welsh-language lexical decision task, Prawf Gweld y Gair, and evaluation of its suitability for assessing premorbid intellectual functioning in clinical groups. Standardisation with 101 healthy over 50s showed that scores correlated significantly with scores on other measures of crystallised intelligence and, when age and gender were taken into account, significantly predicted scores on a measure of non-verbal fluid intelligence. In subsequent evaluation with healthy older controls (N=25), people who have Alzheimer’s, vascular or mixed dementia (N=26) and Parkinson’s disease (N=25), as predicted, there were no significant correlations with age, fluid intelligence or cognitive status in the clinical groups. Gweld y Gair shows promise as a Welsh-language test of premorbid intellectual functioning and may be useful for clinicians assessing the cognitive abilities of older Welsh speakers.Mae asesiadau niwroseicolegol, yn arbennig pan yn amau dementia, yn aml yn rhoi pwyslais ar gymhariaeth o weithrediad deallusol cyfredol a chyn-forbid. Fodd bynnag, wrth asesu pobl ddwyieithog, gall amcangyfrif o weithrediad deallusol cyn-forbid amrywio yn dibynnu ar gyfrwng iaith y profion. Ar gyfer siaradwyr dwyieithog Cymraeg-Saesneg, gall profi yn Saesneg yn unig gynhyrchu proffil anghywir o allu cyn-forbid a thrwy hynny gall effeithio ar gywirdeb unrhyw ddiagnosis dilynol. Adroddwn yma ar ddatblygiad proses safoni tasg dewis geiriau Cymraeg, Prawf Gweld y Gair, a’n gwerthusiad o’fi addasrwydd ar gyfer asesu gweithrediad deallusol cyn-forbid mewn grwpiau clinigol. Drwy safoni gyda 101 oedolyn iach dros 50 oed, dangosodd ein canlyniadau bod sgorau ar y prawf yn cydberthynnu’n arwyddocaol gyda sgorau ar fesurau eraill o wybodaeth cyn-forbid, a phan ystyriwyd oed a rhyw, roedd yn ragweld sgorau ar fesur o lifedd gwybodaeth di-eiriol. Mewn gwerthusiad dilynol gyda grŵp rheolaeth o bobl hŷn oedd yn iach (N=25), pobl sydd a chlefyd Alzheimer, demensia fasgwlaidd neu gymysg (N=26) a chlefyd Parkinson (N=25), fel y rhagwelwyd, nid oedd unrhyw cydberthyniad arwyddocaol gydag oed, llifedd deallusrwydd na statws gwybyddol yn y grwpiau clinigol. Mae Gweld y Gair yn dangos addewid fel prawf Cymraeg o weithrediadau deallusol cyn-forbid a gall fod yn ddefnyddiol i glinigwyr asesu galluoedd gwybyddol siaradwyr Cymraeg hŷn.

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Sarto, Sarto, Bambang Soehendro, I. Made Bendiyasa und Rochmadi Rochmadi. „PERPINDAHAN PANAS DAN MASSA PADA PENGEMBUNAN CAMPURAN METANOL-PROPANOL-UDARA DALAM KONDENSOR TEGAK“. Reaktor 13, Nr. 2 (13.11.2010): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.13.2.109-116.

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Pengembunan campuran uap dan gas melibatkan mekanisme perpindahan panas dan massa secara simultan yang sangat rumit sehingga pendekatan teoritis terhadap peristiwanya belum cukup untuk diterapkan pada perancangan kondensor. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh persamaan semi-empirik yang sederhana dan cukup teliti sebagai dasar memperkirakan koefisien perpindahan panas dan massa proses pengembunan campuran metanol(1)-propanol(2)-udara. Percobaan pengembunan dilakukan di dalam kondensor pipa ganda tegak sepanjang 1,7 m. Ukuran pipa luar dan dalam berturut-turut sebesar 50 mm dan 25 mm. Campuran uap dan gas dialirkan dari atas melalui anulus sedangkan air pendingin dialirkan di dalam pipa dari bawah sehingga sistem menjadi berlawanan arah. Data percobaan meliputi kecepatan alir dan suhu air pendingin, komposisi dan suhu campuran uap-gas, kecepatan alir dan suhu kondensat, kecepatan alir udara, dan tekanan sistem. Koefisien perpindahan panas dan massa dievaluasi melalui model matematik yang disusun berdasarkan neraca massa dan panas yang diselesaikan secara simultan. Hasil penelitian dinyatakan dalam bentuk bilangan tak berdimensi yaitu Nu=19,9297(1-yn)2,9164Re0,8142Pr1/3. Adapun hubungan fungsional bilangan Sherwood yang merupakan bentuk bilangan tak berdimensi koefisien perpindahan massa dinyatakan dengan persamaan Sh1=15,1042(1-yn)2,9696Re0,8068Sc1/3 dan Sh2=5,7227(1-yn)2,9916Re0,8113 Sc1/3

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Lipowska-Kur, Daria, Łukasz Otulakowski, Barbara Trzebicka, Alicja Utrata-Wesołek und Andrzej Dworak. „Thermoresponsive Nanogels of Modified Poly((di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)-co-(2-aminoethyl methacrylate))s“. Polymers 12, Nr. 8 (24.07.2020): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081645.

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A series of copolymers of di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (D) and 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (A) (P(D-co-A)) with variable ratios of comonomers were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization. Then, the amino groups of obtained copolymers were modified to clickable azide or prop-2-yn-1-yl carbamate groups. A thermoresponsive copolymers were obtained with the value of cloud point temperature (TCP) dependent on the type and number of functional groups in the copolymer and on the concentration of solutions. For P(D-co-A) copolymers, the TCP increased with increasing content of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate comonomer. The presence of azide and prop-2-yn-1-yl carbamate groups caused the changes of TCP of modified copolymers. All studied copolymers in dilute aqueous solutions aggregated above TCP to nanoparticles with sizes dependent on the solution concentration, heating procedures, and types and numbers of functional groups present in a copolymer chain. The presence of hydrophilic elements in the chain and the increase in the copolymer concentration led to the enlargement of the particle sizes. Aggregates were crosslinked using click reaction between an azide and prop-2-yn-1-yl carbamate groups that led to stable thermoresponsive nanogels. A systematic study of the behavior of copolymers allowed the determination of the chains useful for possible application in drug delivery.

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Kabelen, Nicholaus Wayong. „VIDEO ANIMASI PEMBUATAN KAIN PERCA UNTUK TUNA WICARA DENGAN TEKNIK SINGLE SHOT MEDIUM CLOSE UP“. Journal of Animation and Games Studies 10, Nr. 1 (24.04.2024): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/jags.v10i1.12335.

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Bahasa isyarat merupakan alat terpenting bagi penyandang disabilitas pendengaran dan bicara untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang di sekitarnya. Namun keberadaan bahasa isyarat kurang dipahami oleh masyarakat umum sehingga seringkali membatasi kebebasan bergerak para penyandang tunarungu dan tuna wicara. Anda memerlukan pendamping yang mampu menerjemahkan informasi di sekitar Anda, seperti ahli bahasa isyarat. Diperlukan inovasi-inovasi baru, khususnya di bidang teknologi, untuk membantu penyandang disabilitas pendengaran dan bicara berkomunikasi lebih nyaman dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Secara khusus, penelitian ini memperkenalkan konsep pembuatan video animasi dalam bahasa isyarat, yang mengubah gerakan tubuh para ahli menjadi animasi 3D. Dalam ilmu videografi berbagai macam angle serta sudut pengembilan angle sangat diperlukan, namun seorang animator harus bisa menganalisa serta menentukan shot apa saja yang paling efektif dalam penerapann Bahasa isyarat agar menciptakan pergerakan animasi yang bisa diterima runa wicara.

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Mananohas, Mans L. „Persamaan Diophantine Tipe Ramanujan-Nagell x2 = yn + 2185“. Jurnal MIPA 4, Nr. 2 (06.05.2015): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jm.4.2.2015.8456.

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Dalam tulisannya di tahun 2014, Ulas mengajukan sebuah konjektur mengenai solusi bilangan bulat positif dari persamaan Ramanujan-Nagell x2 = yn + 2185. Di sini penulis termotivasi untuk melakukan penelitian lanjutan mengenai konjektur tersebut. Setelah dilakukan penelitian penulis berhasil membuktikan bahwa untuk kasus n bilangan genap solusinya adalah (x,y,n) = (59,6,4) dan (x,y,n) = (221,6,6), sementara untuk kasus n = 3 dengan x genap terbukti hanya terdapat satu pasangan solusi persamaan (x,y) = (248,39). Akan tetapi, untuk kasus n = 3 dengan x bilangan ganjil diatas belum diperoleh hasil yang memuaskan sehingga sangat perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan.On his paper in 2014, Ulas suggests a conjecture about positive integer solutions of equation Ramanujan-Nagell x2 = yn + 2185. In this paper, writer is motivated to conduct advanced research about the conjecture. In this research, writer has successfully proven that in case of n equals even number, the solutions are (x,y,n) = (59,6,4) dan (x,y,n) = (221,6,6), while in case of n = 3 with x is even number, it is proven that there is only one pair solution, that is (x,y) = (248,39). However, for n = 3 case with x is odd number, the satisfied result is not found yet, so the further research has to be done.

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Gotsko, Maxim D., Ivan V. Saliy, Alexander V. Vashchenko und Boris A. Trofimov. „1-Phenyl-3,3-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-1-one“. Molbank 2022, Nr. 4 (26.10.2022): M1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1472.

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The title compound, 1-phenyl-3,3-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propan-1-one, was synthesized in a 52% yield for the first time by a one-step reaction between 1H-pyrazole and 1-phenylprop-2-yn-1-one (their ratio being 2:1) in solid Al2O3 at room temperature. The product was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction and elemental analysis.

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BALOG, LASZLO. „On a generalization of Euler constant in connection to di-Gamma function“. Creative Mathematics and Informatics 21, Nr. 1 (2012): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/cmi.2012.01.07.

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In this paper we study the sequences {xn}, {yn} defined for each n ≥ 1 by ... , in connection to Gamma and di-Gamma function. Our results generalize some previous ones in [Berinde, V. A new generalization of Euler’s constant, Creat. Math.Inform. 18 (2009), No. 2, 123–128] and [Sant ˆ am˘ arian, A., ˘ A generalization of Euler constant, Mediamira, Cluj-Napoca, 2008] and are inspired from the paper [Mortici, C., Improved convergence towards generalized Euler-Mascheroni constant, Appl. Math. Comput., 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2009.10.039].

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Konus, Metin, Selahattin Aydemir, Can Yilmaz, Arif Kivrak, Aslihan Kurt Kizildogan und Pembegül Uyar Arpacı. „Synthesis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of 2-(Prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzaldehyde Derivatives“. Letters in Organic Chemistry 16, Nr. 5 (01.04.2019): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178616666181116100232.

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5-bromo-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzaldehyde (compound 3) and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-(prop-2- yn-1-yloxy)benzaldehyde (compound 5) were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reactions. Compound 5 showed higher antioxidant capacity with respect to compound 3 in all the four different antioxidant activity methods used. Moreover, in phosphomolybdenum assay, compound 5, with 1.1 proportion value, showed almost the same total antioxidant capacity compared to universal trolox standard. Furthermore, Broth microdilution method and agar disc diffusion tests demonstrated that the same compound also exhibited good antibacterial activity towards the bacteria Bacillus subtilis. Finally, both of the benzaldehyde compounds showed high antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. In this study, compound 5 (IC50: 54.3 µg/ml) showed significant cytotoxic activity against breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 with respect to compound 3 (IC50: 173.4 µg/ml).

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Afriyanti, Akhmad Sahlan und Ririn Isma Sundari. „Intervensi Terapi Berdizikir pada Kasus Gangguan Persepsi Sensori Halusinasi Pendengaran“. INDOGENIUS 1, Nr. 3 (20.10.2022): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56359/igj.v1i3.84.

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Tujuan: Mampu melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan klien pada Ny. D dengan Halusinasi Pendengaran dengan terapi religious zikir di Puskesmas Pekuncen 2 Kabupaten Bantyumas. Metode: Penelitian dilakukkan selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Sebelum dan sesudah terapi dzikir pasien diminta mengisi kuesioner gambaran halusinasi pendengaran pada pasien shcizophrenia sebagai perbandingan hasil. Hasil: Analisa kasus pada Yn. D didapatkan ada mengalami perubahan terhadap halusinasi dihari ke 2 intervensi. Kesimpulan: Hasil karya ilmiah ini dapat menjadi masukkan bagi perawat Puskesmas Pekuncen 2 Kabupaten Bantyumas untuk di jadikan latihan terapi religious zikir sebagai salah satu intervensi keperawatan mandiri dan intervensi dalam penatalaksanaan halusinasi.

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Arshad, Azhani, Rozlinda Abdullah und Syuhaeda Aeni Mat Ali. „Kitabiyah dalam Perkahwinan di Malaysia: Isu dan Cabaran“. Kanun Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia 34, Nr. 2 (05.07.2022): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/kanun.34(2)no4.

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Akta dan enakmen undang-undang keluarga Islam negeri-negeri mengiktiraf perkahwinan antara lelaki Islam dan perempuan kitabiyah. Kitabiyah dan ahl al-Kitab digunakan secara bergantian dan telah dihuraikan sebagai seorang perempuan yang beriman kepada agama samawi dan memiliki Kitab suci, iaitu, Yahudi dan Kristian. Dalam kes Johan bin Abdul Walked Shaik v Runa Bangoe Olsen, mahkamah syariah mendapati bahawa perkahwinan yang dilangsungkan di Australia antara seorang lelaki Islam dan seorang perempuan Kristian adalah sah mengikut hukum syarak. Kes ini menggambarkan tafsiran istilah kitabiyah yang diterima pakai oleh mahkamah syariah di Malaysia untuk perkahwinan yang didaftarkan di bawah enakmen undang-undang keluarga Islam di Malaysia. Selanjutnya, isu kitabiyah terpakai dalam situasi di mana suami memeluk agama Islam dan isteri masih seorang Yahudi atau Kristian. Oleh itu, makalah ini akan mengkaji isu kitabiyah dalam perkahwinan, penukaran agama suami yang bukan Islam kepada Islam dan implikasinya terhadap hak di bawah undang-undang keluarga atau pewarisan. Makalah ini juga akan mengkaji pendekatan dan cabaran praktikal terutamanya mengenai konsep perkahwinan antara agama. Kajian ini menggunakan analisis doktrin dengan meneliti sumber primer dan sekunder termasuk peruntukan undang-undang sama ada enakmen undang-undang keluarga Islam negeri, pendapat para fuqaha, kes-kes yang telah diputuskan dan lain-lain literatur undang-undang dan sebaliknya dari perspektif Islam dan Malaysia. Adalah dicadangkan bahawa tafsiran kitabiyah yang intensif diperlukan di Malaysia untuk memastikan pelaksanaannya tidak terlalu longgar dan ke arah mengiktiraf perkahwinan antara agama. Pada masa yang sama, tidak menutup ruang kepada para hakim berijtihad untuk memutuskan perkara yang berkaitan dengannya.

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Chen, Shu-Kai, Yi-Hung Liu und Shiuh-Tzung Liu. „5,6-Diphenyl-1,3,4,7-tetra-p-tolyl-1,3,3a,7a-tetrahydropentaleno[1,2-c]furan“. Molbank 2024, Nr. 2 (24.04.2024): M1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1814.

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The reaction of (Z)-5-phenyl-1,3-di-p-tolylpent-2-en-4-yn-1-ol (1) with trimethylsilyl chloride in dichloromethane at ambient temperature gave a dimeric ether compound 2 in 30% yield. Subsequently, heating 2 in toluene under refluxing temperature rendered the title compound quantitatively. The structure of this tricyclic-fused compound was characterized using NMR, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. This unique linear tricyclic fused furan framework is reported for the first time.

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Li, Hua-Bin, Liang-Yong Chen, Heng Jiang, Xiao-Yan Ma und Gu-Wei Gao. „Crystal structure of 1,5-di(4-(2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol)]-naphthalene, C20H20O2“. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 229, Nr. 4 (01.12.2014): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ncrs-2014-0211.

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Mesfin, Fanuel M., Henok H. Kinfe und Alfred Muller. „Prop-2-yn-1-yl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside“. Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 67, Nr. 12 (16.11.2011): o3308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536811047246.

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Caracelli, Ignez, Julio Zukerman-Schpector, Ricardo S. Schwab, Everton M. da Silva, Mukesh M. Jotani und Edward R. T. Tiekink. „2-Methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)but-3-yn-2-ol: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational chemistry study“. Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, Nr. 8 (23.07.2019): 1232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989019010284.

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The di-substituted acetylene residue in the title compound, C11H11NO3, is capped at either end by di-methylhydroxy and 4-nitrobenzene groups; the nitro substituent is close to co-planar with the ring to which it is attached [dihedral angle = 9.4 (3)°]. The most prominent feature of the molecular packing is the formation, via hydroxy-O—H...O(hydroxy) hydrogen bonds, of hexameric clusters about a site of symmetry \overline{3}. The aggregates are sustained by 12-membered {...OH}6 synthons and have the shape of a flattened chair. The clusters are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by benzene-C—H...O(nitro) interactions, involving both nitro-O atoms. The aforementioned interactions are readily identified in the calculated Hirshfeld surface. Computational chemistry indicates there is a significant energy, primarily electrostatic in nature, associated with the hydroxy-O—H...O(hydroxy) hydrogen bonds. Dispersion forces are more important in the other identified but, weaker intermolecular contacts.

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Desilva, AN, CL Francis und AD Ward. „Grignard Addition Reactions to 1,4-Difunctionalized But-2-ynes“. Australian Journal of Chemistry 46, Nr. 11 (1993): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9931657.

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Trisubstituted alkenes of E geometry have been prepared by anti addition of Grignard reagents to 1,4-difunctionalized but-2-ynes. Addition of primary, secondary and aromatic Grignard reagents to but-2-yne-1,4-diol provided (E)-2-substituted but-2-ene-1,4-diols as major products along with the corresponding 2-substituted buta-2,3-dien-1-ols. Addition of phenylmagnesium bromide to the mono- and di-methyl ethers of but-2-yne-1,4-diol gave 2,3-diphenyl-1,3-diene. Treatment of 4-dimethylaminobut-2-yn-1-ol with primary alkyl and alkenyl Grignard reagents afforded the 2-substituted anti addition product regiospecifically, stereospecifically and in high yield. Reaction of 1-dimethylamino-4-methoxybut-2-yne with butylmagnesium bromide provided only the 3-substituted anti addition product in good yield.

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Viswanathan, Vijayan, Ayyavu Thirunarayanan, Perumal Rajakumar und Devadasan Velmurugan. „An amide cyclophane“. Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, Nr. 8 (11.07.2014): o865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814015621.

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The title compound, 8,18-dithia-2,6-diaza-13(1,4)-piperidina-1(1,2),4(1,3),7(1,2)-tribenzenaoctadecaphane-10,15-diyne-3,6-dione, C32H30N4O2S2, is composed of a relatively planar bis(2-mercaptophenyl)isophthalamide unit linked to a bridging 1,4-di(but-2-yn-1-yl)piperazine unit, forming a macrocycle. The isophthalamide ring is inclined to the outer mercaptophenyl rings by 8.18 (11) and 5.59 (10)°, while these two rings are inclined to one another by 9.10 (12)°. The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. There are two intramolecular N—H...S hydrogen bonds generatingS(5) ring motifs. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaC—H...S and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs lying parallel to (001). An O atom in the isophthalamide group is disordered over two positions with an occupancy ratio of 0.41 (6):0.59 (6).

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Koli, Pushpendra, Manjree Agarwal, David Kessell, Shalini Mahawar, Xin Du, Yonglin Ren und Simon J. McKirdy. „Metabolite Variation between Nematode and Bacterial Seed Galls in Comparison to Healthy Seeds of Ryegrass Using Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction (DI-SPME) Coupled with GC-MS“. Molecules 28, Nr. 2 (13.01.2023): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020828.

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Annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT) is an often-fatal poisoning of livestock that consume annual ryegrass infected by the bacterium Rathayibacter toxicus. This bacterium is carried into the ryegrass by a nematode, Anguina funesta, and produces toxins within seed galls that develop during the flowering to seed maturity stages of the plant. The actual mechanism of biochemical transformation of healthy seeds to nematode and bacterial gall-infected seeds remains unclear and no clear-cut information is available on what type of volatile organic compounds accumulate in the respective galls. Therefore, to fill this research gap, the present study was designed to analyze the chemical differences among nematode galls (A. funesta), bacterial galls (R. toxicus) and healthy seeds of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) by using direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method was optimized and validated by testing its linearity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Fifty-seven compounds were identified from all three sources (nematode galls, bacterial galls and healthy seed), and 48 compounds were found to be present at significantly different (p < 0.05) levels in the three groups. Five volatile organic compounds (hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester), (carbonic acid, but-2-yn-1-yl eicosyl ester), (fumaric acid, 2-ethylhexyl tridec-2-yn-1-yl ester), (oct-3-enoylamide, N-methyl-N-undecyl) and hexacosanoic acid are the most frequent indicators of R. toxicus bacterial infection in ryegrass, whereas the presence of 15-methylnonacosane, 13-methylheptacosane, ethyl hexacosyl ether, heptacosyl acetate and heptacosyl trifluoroacetate indicates A. funesta nematode infestation. Metabolites occurring in both bacterial and nematode galls included batilol (stearyl monoglyceride) and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, tetradecyl ester. Among the chemical functional group, esters, fatty acids, and alcohols together contributed more than 70% in healthy seed, whereas this contribution was 61% and 58% in nematode and bacterial galls, respectively. This study demonstrated that DI-SPME is a valid technique to study differentially expressed metabolites in infected and healthy ryegrass seed and may help provide better understanding of the biochemical interactions between plant and pathogen to aid in management of ARGT.

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Bhaduri, Susmita, Anirban Bhaduri und Dipak Ghosh. „Study of Di-Muon Production Process in pp Collision in CMS Data from Symmetry Scaling Perspective“. Advances in High Energy Physics 2020 (26.03.2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4510897.

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An extensive knowledge of the dynamics of the process of pp collision serves as input to exhaustive theoretical models of strong interaction. This knowledge is also a baseline for a system to decipher the dynamics of AA collisions at relativistic and ultrarelativistic energies. Recent availability of di-muon data has triggered a spate of interests in revisiting strong interaction process, the study of which in detail is extremely important for enhancement of our understanding of not only the theory of strong interaction but also possible physics scenarios beyond the standard model. Apart from conventional approaches to the study of the dynamics of particle production in high-energy collision the present authors proposed a new approach with successful application in context of symmetry scaling in AA collision data from (ALICE-Collaboration, 2014) in the work (Bhaduri, S. et al., 2019) and pp collision data at 8TeV from (CMS-collaboration, 2017) in the work (Bhaduri, S. et al., 2019) and also in other numerous works with different collision data. This different approach essentially analyses fluctuation pattern from the perspective of symmetry scaling or degree of self-similarity involved in the process. This was done with the help of multifractal scaling analysis and also multifractal cross-correlation analysis using the single variable of pseudorapidity values of di-muon data taken out from the primary dataset of RunA(2011) and RunB(2012) of the pp collision at 7 TeV and 8 TeV, respectively, from (CMS-collaboration, 2016, 2017). High degree of persistent long-range cross-correlations (MF-DXA) exist between pseudorapidity-value and its corresponding azimuthal-value for different rapidity ranges. The different values of scaling exponents (across rapidity ranges and energies) signify that there may be multiple processes other than those conjectured, involved in the underlying dynamics of the production process of oppositely charged di-muons resulting in different kinds of scaling. Otherwise, the scaling exponents at different degrees would have remained the same across the rapidity ranges and also for different energies.

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Rahmadani, Fitri, und Syafruddin Syafruddin. „DIMENSI METRIK DARI GRAF BARBEL B2n , n ≥ 3“. Jurnal Matematika UNAND 4, Nr. 2 (26.07.2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jmu.4.2.89-94.2015.

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Misalkan G adalah graf terhubung dengan V (G) adalah himpunan titik G. Misalkan W ⊆ V (G), dimana W = {w1, w2, · · · , wk}. Untuk sebarang titik v ∈ V (G), representasi titik v tehadap W dapat ditulis sebagair(v|W) = (d(vi, w1), d(vi, w2), · · · , d(vi, wk)), i = 1, 2, · · · , n, 1 ≤ k ≤ n.Jika representasi setiap titik di V (G) terhadap W berbeda, maka himpunan W disebut sebagai resolving set. Resolving set dengan kardinalitas minimum disebut resolving set minimum atau basis, sementara kardinalitasnya dinamakan dimensi metrik, dinotasikan dim(G). Misalkan terdapat dua graf siklus Cn, n ≥ 3 dengan himpunan titik Cn pertama V (Cn1) = {x1, x2, · · · , xn} dan himpunan titik Cn kedua V (Cn2) = {y1, y2, · · · , yn}. Tulisan ini mengkaji kembali makalah [1], yang membahas tentang penentuan dimensi metrik dari graf barbel B2n, dengan B2n ' 2Cn + {xnyn}, dimana diperoleh bahwa dim(B2n) = 2.Kata Kunci: Dimensi Metrik, Resolving set, Graf Barbel

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Sokolov, V. B., und A. Yu Aksinenko. „N,N-Di(prop-2-yn-1-yl)adamantan-1-amines in 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions with Azide-Containing Pharmacophores“. Russian Journal of General Chemistry 89, Nr. 8 (August 2019): 1724–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363219080280.

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Gumireddy, Ashwini, Kevin DeBoyace, Alexander Rupprecht, Mohit Gupta, Saloni Patel, Patrick T. Flaherty und Peter L. D. Wildfong. „Crystal structure of tert-butyl 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-yl]piperazine-1-carboxylate“. Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 77, Nr. 4 (05.03.2021): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989021002346.

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The title sterically congested piperazine derivative, C20H27FN2O2, was prepared using a modified Bruylants approach. A search of the Cambridge Structural Database identified 51 compounds possessing an N-tert-butyl piperazine substructure. Of these only 14 were asymmetrically substituted on the piperazine ring and none with a synthetically useful second nitrogen. Given the novel chemistry generating a pharmacologically useful core, determination of the crystal structure for this compound was necessary. The piperazine ring is present in a chair conformation with di-equatorial substitution. Of the two N atoms, one is sp 3 hybridized while the other is sp 2 hybridized. Intermolecular interactions resulting from the crystal packing patterns were investigated using Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint analysis. Directional weak hydrogen-bond-like interactions (C—H...O) and C—H...π interactions with the dispersion interactions as the major source of attraction are present in the crystal packing.

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Imansari, Ziara Shofy, und Sarmini Sarmini. „STRATEGI INOVASI BURUH TANI DALAM PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN HIDUP DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 : STUDI DESA SATREYAN KABUPATEN BLITAR“. Kajian Moral dan Kewarganegaraan 10, Nr. 1 (04.08.2021): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/kmkn.v10n1.p129-144.

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Penelitian ini menganalisis strategi inovasi buruh tani dalam upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup di tengah pandemi. Substansi ini dicermati dari teori Strategi Adaptasi John W. Bennett bahwa adaptasi adalah upaya membangun pola hubungan sosial dan membebaskan diri dari masalah yang dihadapi. Adaptasi disini terbagi menjadi tiga, yakni adaptasi perilaku, siasat, dan proses. Fokus penelitian ini di tengah pandemi Covid-19 banyak buruh tani yang kehilangan pekerjaannya sehingga dalam mencukupi kebutuhan hidup masih sangat minim. Maka dari itu, munculnya kekhasan karakteristik yang mengharuskan buruh tani hidup berdampingan dengan virus dan menimbulkan aktivitas baru demi memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus, mengacu pada pendapat Stake. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Satreyan, Kecamatan Kanigoro, Kabupaten Blitar. Subjek penelitian adalah tiga orang buruh tani di Desa Satreyan yakni YN, NG, SG. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan mengacu pendapat Miles dan Huberman dengan mensandingkan perspektif teori strategi adaptif John W. Bennett. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat tiga strategi inovasi buruh tani dalam upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup di tengah pandemi Covid-19 yaitu strategi dengan pengimplementasian potensi pribadi, strategi pengimplementasian penghematan kebutuhan hidup dalam proses adaptasi, implementasi sosial kemasyararakatan sebagai strategi perilaku, dan strategi dengan pengimplementasian menjaga kesehatan ditengah pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini memperkuat teori Strategi Adaptasi John W. Bennett terutama pada bagian strategi adaptasi siasat, perilaku, dan proses. Kata Kunci: John W. Bennett, Covid-19, Buruh Tani, Inovasi This study analyzes the innovation strategy of farm workers in an effort to meet the needs of life in the midst of a pandemic. This substance is observed from John W. Bennett's Adaptation Strategy theory that adaptation is an effort to build patterns of social relations and free oneself from the problems faced. Adaptation here is divided into three, namely behavioral adaptation, strategy, and process. The focus of this research is in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, many farm workers have lost their jobs so that they are still very minimal in making ends meet. Therefore, the emergence of unique characteristics that require farm workers to coexist with the virus and create new activities to meet the needs of life. The method used is a case study, referring to the opinion of Stake. The research location is in Satreyan Village, Kanigoro District, Blitar Regency. The research subjects were three farm workers in Satreyan Village, namely YN, NG, SG. Data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews and observation. The data collected was analyzed by referring to the opinions of Miles and Huberman by juxtaposing the perspective of John W. Bennett's adaptive strategy theory. The results show that there are three innovation strategies for farm workers in an effort to meet the needs of life in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, namely strategies by implementing personal potential, implementing strategies for saving life necessities in the adaptation process, implementing social community as a behavioral strategy, and implementing strategies for maintaining health in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 pandemic. This research strengthens the theory of John W. Bennett's Adaptation Strategy, especially in the section on strategy, behavior, and process adaptation strategies. Keywords: John W. Bennett, Covid-19, Farmworkers, Innovation

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MacBride, J. A. Hugh, und Kenneth Wade. „Convenient Preparation of Di- and Tri-Ethynylbenzenes by Cleavage of 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-yn-4-ylbenzenes with Water Miscible Reagents“. Synthetic Communications 26, Nr. 12 (Juni 1996): 2309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919608004542.

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Gyul’nazaryan, A. Kh, T. A. Sahakyan, G. T. Sargsyan, J. V. Grigoryan, A. G. Aivazyan und R. A. Tamanyan. „Synthesis, X-ray structure, and stevens rearrangement of 1,1-di(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-ium bromide“. Russian Journal of General Chemistry 84, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2014): 1938–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363214100132.

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Burlakov, Vladimir V., Anke Spannenberg, Perdita Arndt und Uwe Rosenthal. „Crystal structure of bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)(1,4-di-tert-butylbuta-1-en-3-yn-1-yl)zirconium(IV) μ2-hydroxido-bis[tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate]“. Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, Nr. 3 (28.02.2015): m71—m72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015003710.

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Alkyl zirconocene cations have been of considerable interest as reactive species in many polymerization processes. In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Zr(C12H19)(C5H5)2](C36HB2F30O), the [Zr(C5H5)2((t-Bu)C=C(H)—C2(t-Bu))]+cation displays a buta-1-en-3-yne ligand side-on coordinated to a typical bent zirconocene [centroid(cp)—Zr—centroid(cp) = 131.4 (3)°, Zr—C(buta-1-en-3-yne) = 2.255 (3), 2.597 (3) and 2.452 (2) Å]. In the [HO(B(C6F5)3)2]−anion, intramolecular O—H...F hydrogen bonds are observed. Onetert-butyl group in the complex cation is disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies 0.701(4):0.299(4).

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Touchard, Daniel, Nadine Pirio und Pierre H. Dixneuf. „Synthesis of Di- and Mono- Substituted Allenylidene-Ruthenium [(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2ClRu:C:C:C(Y)R]PF6 and Acetylide Complexes by Activation of Prop-2-yn-1-ols“. Organometallics 14, Nr. 10 (Oktober 1995): 4920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00010a064.

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Toda, Fumio, Koichi Tanaka, Jose Elguero, Luigi Nassimbeni und Margaret Niven. „Freezing of Equilibrium of 1,2,4-Triazole by Complex Formation with 1,1-Di(2,4-dimethylphenyl)but-2-yn-1-ol, and X-Ray Crystal Structure of the Complex“. Chemistry Letters 16, Nr. 12 (05.12.1987): 2317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1987.2317.

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MACBRIDE, J. A. H., und K. WADE. „ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Preparation of Di- and Triethynylbenzenes (cf. (IV), (VII)) by Cleavage of 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-yn-4-yl-benzenes with Water Miscible Reagents.“ ChemInform 27, Nr. 37 (05.08.2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199637128.

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., Mithen, und Karina Puteri Rinal. „PERUBAHAN BENTUK RUMAH TRADISIONAL BANUA SULU’ DI MASAMBA KABUPATEN LUWU’ UTARA PROPINSI SULAWESI SELATAN“. LANGKAU BETANG: JURNAL ARSITEKTUR 1, Nr. 1 (10.06.2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/lantang.v4i1.20391.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan menelusuri perubahan bentuk rumah tradisional Banua Sulu’ di Masamba Kabupaten Luwu’ Utara. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi eksploratif untuk mencari dokumen-dokumen masa lampau dan menelusuri perubahan bentuk Banua Sulu’ Variabel penelitian, terdiri atas: Tata letak, tata ruang, Fasade, Struktur/material struktur, dan ornamen. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriftif kualitatif, yaitu menganalisis setiap variabel secara deskriptif, memaknai setiap perubahan yang terjadi, yang terdiri atas empat alur kegiatan, yaitu pemilihan data, penyajian data, analisis dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi perubahan bentuk secara signifikan terutama dalam hal penggunaan material struktur. Hal ini digunakan ketika adanya renovasi, dan elemen wujud fisik yang paling banyak berubah adalah bagian Atap (Botting langi) terutama coppo’ atau timpa’ laja’ yang awalnya bersusun dua, telah berubah menjadi bersusun tiga, material atap juga berubah dari atap daun rumbia menjadi atap seng. Pada bagian badan rumah ( Ale bola ) utamanya lantai dan dinding hampir keseluruhan diganti yang mengakibatkan hilangnya identitas pada bentuk ornamen dinding, jumlah tiang juga bertambah dari 36 menjadi 43 buah, serta adanya penambahan ruang yang disebabkan oleh kebutuhan ruang untuk mewadahi aktivitas penghuni, yang telah berubah menjadi masyarakat modern. Kata-kata kunci: perubahan, bentuk, rumah tradisional, Banua Sulu’ THE TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSE OF BANUA SULU’ IN MASAMBA LUWU’ UTARA REGENCY SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCEThis study aimed to see and track changes in the traditional house form of Banua Sulu' in North Masamba Luwu' Regency. This type of research is qualitative research. Data was collected by observation, interview, and exploratory documentation search for past documents and do track changes of Banua Sulu' shape. Variables of research consist of zone layout, spatial layout, facade, structure/material of structures, and ornaments. The data analysis technique used was descriptive qualitative analysis, which analyzed every variable descriptive and interpret the meaning of any changes that occurred, four-flow of activities, namely the selection of data, presentation of data, analysis, and conclusion. The results showed that there has been a significant change in shape, especially in terms of the use of structural materials. It is used when they did renovation and the most changing physical form elements was the roof (Botting langi) mainly coppo' or overwrite timpa’ laja', which was originally duplex, has turned into a three-tiered, roof material was also changed from the roof of sago palm leaves into tin roof. In the main shape of the house (Ale bola), main floor and walls were almost entirely replaced, resulting in a loss of identity in the form of wall ornaments, the number of poles also increased from 36 to 43 pieces, and the additional rooms caused by the need for space to accommodate the occupants, who has transformed into a modern society. Keywords: transformation, forms, traditional house, Banua Sulu’ REFERENCESAlbert, Grubauer. 1911. Foto-foto dokumentasi Keluarga. Altman, Irwin and Werner, Coral M. (1985). Volume 8. Home Environments Human Behavior and Environments. New York and London: Plenum Press. Depdikbud. (2007). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta: PN Balai Pustaka Le Corbusier.1923. Toward A New Architecture (Vers Une Architecture, Paris: G. Crès et Cie), Frederick Etchells (trans.), New York: Praeger, 1960; John Goodman (trans.) Santa Monica, CA: Getty Publications, 2007. Lullulangi, Mithen dan Sampebua’, Onesimus. (2007). Arsitektur Tradisional Toraja. Makassar : Badan Penerbit UNM. Machmud. (2006). Architecture Articles. Antariksa. diposting 8 Januari 2011. (http://antariksaarticle./, diakses 20 juli 2014) Mangunwijaya, Y.B. (1992). Wastu Citra. Jakarta: Gramedia. Miles, M.B and Huberman, A.M. (1992). Analisis Data Kualitatif. Jakarta: UI Press. Robinson. (1983). Rumah Adat, Tradisi Menre Bola, dan Dapur Orang Bugis Makassar. diposting 2008. Farid. (http://www.rappang.com, diakses 10 Desember 2013). Ronny Sondakh, Julianus Anthon. (2003). Arsitektur Vernaculer. Proposal Disertasi Pascasarjana UGM Yogyakarta. (online) (repository.unhas.ac.id, diakses 29 September 2014) Runa, I Wayan. (1993). Arsitektur Vernaculer. Proposal Disertasi Pascasarjana UGM Yogyakarta. (online) (repository.unhas.ac.id, diakses 29 September 2014). Ruskin, John.1849. The Seven Lamps of Architecture (London: Smith, Elder, and Co.), New York: Dover Publications, 1989. Said. (2004). Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Kudus Kulon dalam Tradisi Perawatan Rumah. (http://www.arupadhatu.or.id/artikel/budaya/124-.html, diakses 07 Juni 2014) Soeroto, Myrtha. (2003). Sejarang dan Budaya Kebudayaan Toraja. Jakarta : Myrtle Publishing.

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Toda, Fumio, Koichi Tanaka, Concepción Foces-Foces, Antonio L. Llamas-Saiz, Hans-Heinrich Limbach, Francisco Aguilar-Parrilla, Rosa Ma Claramunt, Concepción López und José Elguero. „Intermolecular proton transfer in host–guest crystals: the case of pyrazole included in 1,1-di(2,4-dimethylphenyl)but-2-yn-1-ol, an X-ray and solid-state13C/15N NMR study“. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., Nr. 14 (1993): 1139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39930001139.

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Toda, Fumio, Koichi Tanaka und Masaru Kido. „Optical Resolution of 2-Methylpiperazine by Complex Formation with Optically Active 1-Phenyl-1-(o-chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-ol and 1,6-Diphenyl-1,6-di(o-chlorophenyl)hexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol“. Chemistry Letters 17, Nr. 3 (05.03.1988): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1988.513.

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Davis, A. C., und R. F. Hunter. „Polymerisation of acetylene derivatives. III. Polymerisation of a dimer of 4-penten-2-yn-1-ol and attempted polymerisation and copolymerisation with styrene of 1:1:3:3:6-pentamethyl-4-isopropenyliso-coumaran, 1: 4 - di -p - chlorophenoxy - 2 - butyne, and“. Journal of Applied Chemistry 9, Nr. 12 (04.05.2007): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010091206.

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Chuiko, Vadim, und Valery Atamanchuk-Angel. „FRACTAL * MODEL OF CONSERVATIVE DEVELOPMENT (an example of trust algebra, that is, state building with a trust operation)“. Politology bulletin, Nr. 82 (2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2018.82.44-53.

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In this article of the Doctor of Philosophy, professor of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Chuiko Vadim Leonidovich and Atamanchuk-Angel Valerii Ivanovich is applied the principle of «first philosophy» as the foundation of the a priori prerequisites of possible cognition, which define an existence in general rather than its individual parts. This application of metaphysics made it possible to introduce methods of «universal algebra» for the implementation of humanitarian research using algebraic description with the help of three notion: plural, operations, relation. This methodological novation makes it possible to create demonstrative models of social systems, not their constructions, because constructionsare traditionally makeby using binary description that use only two notions, categories. Question: How to fill the notion of «public agreement» with the actual content? How to make all generations participate in the adoption of a social contract? How to create a new one, without destroying it entirely, maintaining stability? How to ensure a high degree of mutation — rebuilding, rebuilding and construction? Introduced in the algebraic sense, the notion of «trust» as a definition of what is necessary for the existence of a society of being as such, forms an algebra that models social relations by the operation of trust, not violence. Based on the above, we can talk about creating a mathematical politics. Matpoliticsdeal with ideal political objects. Matpolitics is the activity of a summation of algebras. These algebras differ from each other by the choice of operations. Plurals that consist of different algebras can be the carrier of the algebra. In this case, we are talking about the algebra of trust / credo, whose signature consists of the following operations: sovereignty, trust / credit, understanding of need for the Other, agreement and recursive procedures. The result of the implementation of these methodological guidelines are the answers to the following questions: How to make the concept of «social agreement» really meaningful? How can all generations (and the unborn, too) be involved in the social agreement? How to create a new one, without destroying the foundations of the existing one, to realize the idea of conservative development: restructuring and building a new one? Based on the provisions of the algebra of trust, society appears as a plurality of sovereigns — C, possessing the full range of rights to identify trust / distrust — Di, creating agreements — Yn, and for their completeness they have and understand the need for the other — Ik. The model presented is a system of treaties that are not an abstract concept of the state, but an agreement with specific elected people who have gained the trust of those to whom they temporarily render their services. Agreements are urgent, limited by time frame, with obligatory full responsibility of the parties.

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Chuiko, Vadim, und Valery Atamanchuk-Angel. „FRACTAL * MODEL OF CONSERVATIVE DEVELOPMENT (an example of trust algebra, that is, state building with a trust operation)“. Politology bulletin, Nr. 82 (2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2019.82.44-53.

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In this article of the Doctor of Philosophy, professor of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Chuiko Vadim Leonidovich and Atamanchuk-Angel Valerii Ivanovich is applied the principle of «first philosophy» as the foundation of the a priori prerequisites of possible cognition, which define an existence in general rather than its individual parts. This application of metaphysics made it possible to introduce methods of «universal algebra» for the implementation of humanitarian research using algebraic description with the help of three notion: plural, operations, relation. This methodological novation makes it possible to create demonstrative models of social systems, not their constructions, because constructionsare traditionally makeby using binary description that use only two notions, categories. Question: How to fill the notion of «public agreement» with the actual content? How to make all generations participate in the adoption of a social contract? How to create a new one, without destroying it entirely, maintaining stability? How to ensure a high degree of mutation — rebuilding, rebuilding and construction? Introduced in the algebraic sense, the notion of «trust» as a definition of what is necessary for the existence of a society of being as such, forms an algebra that models social relations by the operation of trust, not violence. Based on the above, we can talk about creating a mathematical politics. Matpoliticsdeal with ideal political objects. Matpolitics is the activity of a summation of algebras. These algebras differ from each other by the choice of operations. Plurals that consist of different algebras can be the carrier of the algebra. In this case, we are talking about the algebra of trust / credo, whose signature consists of the following operations: sovereignty, trust / credit, understanding of need for the Other, agreement and recursive procedures. The result of the implementation of these methodological guidelines are the answers to the following questions: How to make the concept of «social agreement» really meaningful? How can all generations (and the unborn, too) be involved in the social agreement? How to create a new one, without destroying the foundations of the existing one, to realize the idea of conservative development: restructuring and building a new one? Based on the provisions of the algebra of trust, society appears as a plurality of sovereigns — C, possessing the full range of rights to identify trust / distrust — Di, creating agreements — Yn, and for their completeness they have and understand the need for the other — Ik. The model presented is a system of treaties that are not an abstract concept of the state, but an agreement with specific elected people who have gained the trust of those to whom they temporarily render their services. Agreements are urgent, limited by time frame, with obligatory full responsibility of the parties.

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Zahera, Rika, Dian Anggraeni, Zikri Aulia Rahman und Dwierra Evvyernie. „Pengaruh Kandungan Protein Ransum yang Berbeda terhadap Kecernaan dan Fermentabilitas Rumen Sapi Perah secara In vitro“. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 18, Nr. 1 (30.04.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.18.1.1-6.

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The most of protein requirement for cows is fulfilled by microbial protein. Increasing the protein from ration usually influences the milk production in dairy cows. However, the availability of dietary protein should support rumen ecosystem through microbial activity in the fermentation and digestion process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein levels of dairy cow ration on the rumen fermentability and digestibility using an in vitro method. Randomized block design with three levels of protein ration as a treatment and three times taken of rumen liquor as a block. The treatments were: R1= ration with low protein; R2= ration with moderate protein and R3= ration with high protein. The measured parameters were rumen fermentability (total VFA, N-NH3 and pH), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). The results showed that there were significantly increase in dry and organic matter digestibility (p<0.05), due to increasing the level of dietary protein, but there was no effect in the fermentability, except a slight increase in N-NH3 concentration. The conclusion of this study was the highest level of protein ration enhances the digestibility, and showed a tendency for higher N-NH3. Key words: dairy cattle, dietary protein, digestibility, fermentability, in vitro DAFTAR PUSTAKA [Ditjennak-Keswan] Direktorat Jendral Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. 2019. Pemerintah dorong perbaikan kualitas dan kuantitas susu nasional [internet]. Tersedia pada: http://ditjennak.pertanian.go.id/pemerintah-dorong-perbaikan-kualitas-dan-kuantitas-susu-nasional Anggraeny YN, Soetanto H, Kusmartono & Hartutik. 2015. Sinkronisasi suplai protein dan energi dalam rumen untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pakan berkualitas rendah. WARTAZOA. 25(3):107–116 Chanthakhoun V, Wanapat M & Berg J. 2012. Level of crude protein in concentrate supplements influenced rumen characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and digestibility in swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Livestock Science. 144(3):197–204. Cherdthong A & Wanapat M. 2013. Manipulation of in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility by dried rumen digesta. Livestock Science. 153(1–3):94–100. Colmenero JJO & Broderick GA. 2006. Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 89(5):1704–1712. Conway E. 1957. Microdiffusion of Analysis of Association Official Analytical Chemist. Georgia (US): Georgia Press. Despal, Permana IG, Safarina SN & Tatra AJ. 2011. Penggunaan berbagai sumber karbohidrat terlarut air untuk meningkatkan kualitas silase daun rami. Media Peternakan. 34(2):69–76. Despal, Zahera R, Lestari DA, Ma’rifah H & Permana IG. 2015. Ketersediaan dan kualitas sumberdaya pakan musim kemarau dan dampaknya terhadap pemenuhan nutrien dan performa sapi perah di Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung. Sumedang (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan Berkelanjutan, Universitas Pajajaran Dung DV, Shang W & Yao W. 2014. Effect of crude protein levels in concentrate and concentrate levels in diet on in vitro fermentation. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 27(6):797–805. Forejtová J, Lád F, Třináctý J, Richter M, Gruber M, Doležal P, Homolka P & Pavelek L. 2005. Comparison of organic matter digestibility determined by in vivo and in vitro methods. Czeh Journal of Animal Science. 50(2):47–53. Hernaman I, Tarmidi AR & Dhalika T. 2017. Kecernaan in vitro ransum sapi perah berbasis jerami padi yang mengandung konsentrat yang difermentasi oleh Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM-4). Majalah Ilmu Peternakan. 20(2):45–48. Holik YLA, Abdullah L & Karti PDMH. 2019. Evaluasi nutrisi silase kultivar baru tanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) dengan penambahan legum Indigofera sp. pada taraf berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 17(2):38–46. Imran M, Pasha TN, Shahid MQ, Babar I & Naveed M. 2017. Effect of increasing dietary metabolizable protein on nitrogen efficiency in Holstein dairy cows. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 30(5):660–665. Joo JW, Bae GS, Min WK, Choi HS, Maeng WJ, Chung YH & Chang MB. 2005. Effect of protein sources on rumen microbial protein synthesis using rumen simulated continuous culture system. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 18(3):326–331. Law RA, Young FJ, Patterson DC, Kilpatrick DJ, Wylie ARG & Mayne CS. 2009. Effect of dietary protein content on animal production and blood metabolites of dairy cows during lactation. Journal of Dairy Science. 92(3):1001–1012. Leonardi C, Stevenson M & Armentano LE. 2003. Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 86(12):4033–4042. Lestari DA, Abdullah L & Despal. 2015. Comparative study of milk production and feed efficiency based on farmer best practices and National Research Council. Media Peternakan. 38(2): 110-117 McDonald P, Edwards R, Greenhalgh J, Morgan C, Sinclair L & Wilkinson R. 2010. Animal Nutrition. Seventh Ed. London (UK): Pearson Education McMurphy C, Duff G, Sanders S, Cuneo S & Chirase N. 2011. Effects of supplementing humates on rumen fermentation in Holstein steers. South Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 41(2):134–140. Nadeau E, Englund J & Gustafsson AH. 2007. Nitrogen efficiency of dairy cows as affected by diet and milk yield. Livestock Science. 111(1–2):45–56. NRC. 1978. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 5th Revised Ed. Washington (US): National Academy Press. NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle. 7th Revised Ed Washington (US): National Academy Press Permana IG, Despal, Zahera R & Damayanti E. 2017. Evaluasi kecukupan nutrien, produksi dan kualitas susu sapi perah di peternakan rakyat. Bogor (ID): Seminar Nasional Industri Peternakan, Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Saha S, Gallo L, Bittante G, Schiavon S, Bergamaschi M, Gianesella M & Fiore E. 2019. Rumination time and yield, composition, lactating holstein cows. Animals. 9(2):1–13. Shahzad MA, Tauqir NA, Ahmad F, Nisa MU, Sarwar M & Tipu MA. 2011. Effects of feeding different dietary protein and energy levels on the performance of 12 – 15-month-old buffalo calves. Tropical Animal Health Production. 43(3):685–694. Sucak MG, Serbester U & Görgülü M. 2017. Effects of dietary starch and crude protein levels on milk production and composition of dairy cows fed high concentrate diet. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology. 5(6):563–567. Suharti S, Aliyah DN & Suryahadi. 2018. Karakteristik fermentasi rumen in vitro dengan penambahan sabun kalsium minyak nabati pada buffer yang berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 16(3):56–64. Xia C, Aziz M, Rahman U, Yang H, Shao T, Qiu Q, Su H & Cao B. 2018. Effect of increased dietary crude protein levels on production performance, nitrogen utilization, blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation of Holstein bulls. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 31(10):1643–1653. Zahera R, Permana IG & Despal. 2015. Utilization of mungbean’s greenhouse fodder and silage in the ration for lactating dairy cows. Media Peternakan. 38(2):123–131

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39

Zahera, Rika, Dian Anggraeni, Zikri Aulia Rahman und Dwierra Evvyernie. „Pengaruh Kandungan Protein Ransum yang Berbeda terhadap Kecernaan dan Fermentabilitas Rumen Sapi Perah secara In vitro“. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 18, Nr. 1 (06.07.2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.v18i1.31547.

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The most of protein requirement for cows is fulfilled by microbial protein. Increasing the protein from ration usually influences the milk production in dairy cows. However, the availability of dietary protein should support rumen ecosystem through microbial activity in the fermentation and digestion process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein levels of dairy cow ration on the rumen fermentability and digestibility using an in vitro method. Randomized block design with three levels of protein ration as a treatment and three times taken of rumen liquor as a block. The treatments were: R1= ration with low protein; R2= ration with moderate protein and R3= ration with high protein. The measured parameters were rumen fermentability (total VFA, N-NH3 and pH), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). The results showed that there were significantly increase in dry and organic matter digestibility (p<0.05), due to increasing the level of dietary protein, but there was no effect in the fermentability, except a slight increase in N-NH3 concentration. The conclusion of this study was the highest level of protein ration enhances the digestibility, and showed a tendency for higher N-NH3. Key words: dairy cattle, dietary protein, digestibility, fermentability, in vitro DAFTAR PUSTAKA [Ditjennak-Keswan] Direktorat Jendral Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. 2019. Pemerintah dorong perbaikan kualitas dan kuantitas susu nasional [internet]. Tersedia pada: http://ditjennak.pertanian.go.id/pemerintah-dorong-perbaikan-kualitas-dan-kuantitas-susu-nasional Anggraeny YN, Soetanto H, Kusmartono & Hartutik. 2015. Sinkronisasi suplai protein dan energi dalam rumen untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pakan berkualitas rendah. WARTAZOA. 25(3):107–116 Chanthakhoun V, Wanapat M & Berg J. 2012. Level of crude protein in concentrate supplements influenced rumen characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and digestibility in swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Livestock Science. 144(3):197–204. Cherdthong A & Wanapat M. 2013. Manipulation of in vitro ruminal fermentation and digestibility by dried rumen digesta. Livestock Science. 153(1–3):94–100. Colmenero JJO & Broderick GA. 2006. Effect of dietary crude protein concentration on milk production and nitrogen utilization in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 89(5):1704–1712. Conway E. 1957. Microdiffusion of Analysis of Association Official Analytical Chemist. Georgia (US): Georgia Press. Despal, Permana IG, Safarina SN & Tatra AJ. 2011. Penggunaan berbagai sumber karbohidrat terlarut air untuk meningkatkan kualitas silase daun rami. Media Peternakan. 34(2):69–76. Despal, Zahera R, Lestari DA, Ma’rifah H & Permana IG. 2015. Ketersediaan dan kualitas sumberdaya pakan musim kemarau dan dampaknya terhadap pemenuhan nutrien dan performa sapi perah di Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung. Sumedang (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan Berkelanjutan, Universitas Pajajaran Dung DV, Shang W & Yao W. 2014. Effect of crude protein levels in concentrate and concentrate levels in diet on in vitro fermentation. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 27(6):797–805. Forejtová J, Lád F, Třináctý J, Richter M, Gruber M, Doležal P, Homolka P & Pavelek L. 2005. Comparison of organic matter digestibility determined by in vivo and in vitro methods. Czeh Journal of Animal Science. 50(2):47–53. Hernaman I, Tarmidi AR & Dhalika T. 2017. Kecernaan in vitro ransum sapi perah berbasis jerami padi yang mengandung konsentrat yang difermentasi oleh Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM-4). Majalah Ilmu Peternakan. 20(2):45–48. Holik YLA, Abdullah L & Karti PDMH. 2019. Evaluasi nutrisi silase kultivar baru tanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor) dengan penambahan legum Indigofera sp. pada taraf berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 17(2):38–46. Imran M, Pasha TN, Shahid MQ, Babar I & Naveed M. 2017. Effect of increasing dietary metabolizable protein on nitrogen efficiency in Holstein dairy cows. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 30(5):660–665. Joo JW, Bae GS, Min WK, Choi HS, Maeng WJ, Chung YH & Chang MB. 2005. Effect of protein sources on rumen microbial protein synthesis using rumen simulated continuous culture system. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 18(3):326–331. Law RA, Young FJ, Patterson DC, Kilpatrick DJ, Wylie ARG & Mayne CS. 2009. Effect of dietary protein content on animal production and blood metabolites of dairy cows during lactation. Journal of Dairy Science. 92(3):1001–1012. Leonardi C, Stevenson M & Armentano LE. 2003. Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 86(12):4033–4042. Lestari DA, Abdullah L & Despal. 2015. Comparative study of milk production and feed efficiency based on farmer best practices and National Research Council. Media Peternakan. 38(2): 110-117 McDonald P, Edwards R, Greenhalgh J, Morgan C, Sinclair L & Wilkinson R. 2010. Animal Nutrition. Seventh Ed. London (UK): Pearson Education McMurphy C, Duff G, Sanders S, Cuneo S & Chirase N. 2011. Effects of supplementing humates on rumen fermentation in Holstein steers. South Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 41(2):134–140. Nadeau E, Englund J & Gustafsson AH. 2007. Nitrogen efficiency of dairy cows as affected by diet and milk yield. Livestock Science. 111(1–2):45–56. NRC. 1978. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 5th Revised Ed. Washington (US): National Academy Press. NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle. 7th Revised Ed Washington (US): National Academy Press Permana IG, Despal, Zahera R & Damayanti E. 2017. Evaluasi kecukupan nutrien, produksi dan kualitas susu sapi perah di peternakan rakyat. Bogor (ID): Seminar Nasional Industri Peternakan, Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Saha S, Gallo L, Bittante G, Schiavon S, Bergamaschi M, Gianesella M & Fiore E. 2019. Rumination time and yield, composition, lactating holstein cows. Animals. 9(2):1–13. Shahzad MA, Tauqir NA, Ahmad F, Nisa MU, Sarwar M & Tipu MA. 2011. Effects of feeding different dietary protein and energy levels on the performance of 12 – 15-month-old buffalo calves. Tropical Animal Health Production. 43(3):685–694. Sucak MG, Serbester U & Görgülü M. 2017. Effects of dietary starch and crude protein levels on milk production and composition of dairy cows fed high concentrate diet. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology. 5(6):563–567. Suharti S, Aliyah DN & Suryahadi. 2018. Karakteristik fermentasi rumen in vitro dengan penambahan sabun kalsium minyak nabati pada buffer yang berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 16(3):56–64. Xia C, Aziz M, Rahman U, Yang H, Shao T, Qiu Q, Su H & Cao B. 2018. Effect of increased dietary crude protein levels on production performance, nitrogen utilization, blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation of Holstein bulls. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 31(10):1643–1653. Zahera R, Permana IG & Despal. 2015. Utilization of mungbean’s greenhouse fodder and silage in the ration for lactating dairy cows. Media Peternakan. 38(2):123–131

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40

Caiana, Rodrigo Ribeiro Alves, Joyse Maria Braga dos Santos, Josivan Pereira da Silva Júnior, Jadson de Farias Silva, Wylly Araújo de Oliveira und Juliano Carlo Rufino Freitas. „Síntese e avaliação antifúngica do benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo contra espécies de Candida spp. e estudo da associação com anfotericina B“. ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, Nr. 5 (20.04.2020): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i5.4867.

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Introdução: O número crescente de infecções causadas por fungos e o surgimento de microrganismos resistentes tem sinalizado a necessidade da busca por novos agentes antifúngicos, fomentando a pesquisa em moléculas promissoras, como os O-glicosídeos. Objetivo: Partindo dessa premissa, objetivamos a síntese e investigação da atividade antifúngica do benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo isolado e quando associado com a anfotericina B. Material e métodos: Inicialmente foi sintetizado o benzil 4,6-di-O-acetil-2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo a partir da reação entre o 3,4,6-tri-O-acetil-D-glucal e álcool benzílico via catálise ácida e irradiação ultrassônica seguida por sua hidrólise em meio básico para levar ao benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo. Este foi submetido à avaliação antifúngica por meio do método da microdiluição em caldo e estudo da associação com a anfotericina B pelo método de Checkerboard. Resultados: O benzil 4,6-di-O-acetil-2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo e o benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo foram obtidos em excelentes rendimentos 91 e 94 %, respectivamente. O benzil 2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo apresentou atividade antifúngica apenas contra as cepas de Candida albicans ATCC 76615, Candida albicans ATCC 76485 e Candida guilliermondiiLM 103, e sua associação com a anfotericina B foi classificada como indiferente. Conclusão: Estes resultados possibilitam futuros estudos envolvendo esta classe de moléculas, avaliação dos possíveis mecanismos de ação e avaliar outras atividades biológicas, uma vez que esta classe molecular sustenta a expectativa de baixa toxicidade, devido ao seu padrão de biocompatibilidade. Descritores: Síntese Química; Metabolismo dos Carboidratos; Fungos; Candida. Referências Silva S, Negri M, Henriques M, Oliveira R, Williams DW, Azeredo J. Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis: biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2012;36:288-305. Vieira AJH, Santos JI. Mecanismos de resistência de Candida albicans aos antifúngicos anfotericina B, fluconazol e caspofungina. RBAC. 2017;49:235-9. De Rossi T, Lozovoy MAB, Silva RV, Fernandes EV, Geraldino TH, Costa IC, et al. Interações entre Candida albicans e Hospedeiro. Semina: Cienc Biol Saude. 2011;32:15-28. Ashong CN, Hunter AS, Mansouri MD, Cadle RM, Hamill RJ, Musher DM. Adherence to clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of candidemia at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Int J Health Sci. 2017;11:18-23. Kung HC, Huang PY, Chen WT, Ko BS, Chen YC, Chang SC, et al. 2016 guidelines for the use of antifungal agents in patients with invasive fungal diseases in Taiwan. J microbiol Immunol infect. 2018;51:1-17. Patil S, Rao RS, Raj AT, Sanketh DS, Sarode S, Sarode G. Oral Candidal Carriage in Subjects with Pure Vegetarian and Mixed Dietary Habits. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11:22-4. Khan H, Khan Z, Amin S, Mabkhot YN, Mubarak MS, Hadda TB, et al. Plant bioactive molecules bearing glycosides as lead compounds for the treatment of fungal infection: A review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;93:498-509. Guzzetti LB, Cecília M, Vescina M, Gil F, Gatti BM. Candidemias en pediatría: distribución de especies y sensibilidad a los antifúngicos. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2017;49:320-2. Wiederhold NP. Antifungal resistance: current trends and future strategies to combat. Infect Drug Resist. 2017;10:249-59. World Health Organization. WHO/EMP/IAU/2017.11. 2017. Acesso em: 04 Fev 2019. Disponível em: www.who.int/medicines/areas/rational_use/antibacterial_agents Lúcio Neto MP. Avaliação tóxica, citotóxica, genotóxica e mutagênica do composto 3-(2-cloro-6-flurobenzil) – imidazolidina-2,4-diona em células eucarióticas. Teresina. Dissertação [Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas] – Universidade Federal do Piauí; 2011. Toshima K, Ishizuka T, Matsuo G, Nakata M. Practical Glycosidation Method of Glycals Using Montmorillonite K-10 as an Environmentally Acceptable and Inexpensive Industrial Catalyst. Chem Ver. 1995;4:306-8. Freitas JCR, Freitas Filho JR, Menezes PH. Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated-O-Glycosides promoted by TeBr4. J Braz Chem Soc. 2010;21:2169-72. Freitas JCR, Couto TR, Paulino AAS, Freitas Filho JR, Malvestiti I, Oliveira RA, et al. Stereoselective synthesis of pseudoglycosides catalyzed by TeCl4 under mild conditions. Tetrahedron. 2012;68:8645-54. Regueira JLLF, Dantas CR, Freitas JJR, Silva AJFS, Freitas Filho JR, Menezes PH, et al. Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3-Unsaturated Pseudoglycosides Promoted by Ultrasound. Synthesis. 2016;48:1069-78. Moura AL, Lima LMA, Bezerra GB, Freitas JJR, Belian MF, Ramos CS, et al. O-glicosídeos 2,3-insaturados: aplicações, rearranjo de ferrier e reações. Quím Nova. 2018;41:550-66. Dantas CR. Síntese estereosseletiva e caracterização estrutural de compostos Z-eniínicos acoplados a pseudoglicosídeos. Recife. Dissertação [mestrado em química] – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco; 2017. Nigudkar SS, Demchenko A,V. Stereocontrolled 1,2-cis glycosylation as the driving force of progress in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Chem Sci. 2015;6:2687-704. Silva RO, Freitas Filho JR, Freitas JCR. D-Glicose, uma Biomolécula Fascinante: História, Propriedades, Produção e Aplicação. Rev Virt Quim. 2018;10:875-91. Delbianco M, Bharate P, Varela-Aramburu S, Seeberger PH. Carbohydrates in Supramolecular Chemistry. Chem Rev. 2016;116:1693-752. Lima JACL, Mata MMS, Silva RG, da Silva WE, Freitas JCR, Freitas Filho JR. Avanços Recentes na Química de C-Glicosídeos: Aplicaçao, Síntese e Reaçoes. Rev. Virt. Quim. 2018;10:900-39. Silva AF, Silva DA. Fármacos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais mais dispensados em uma farmácia comercial do município de itaocara, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Acta Biomed Bras. 2012;3:1-14. Costa AOC. Estudo in vitro e in silico da atividade antifúngica dos isômeros r-(+) e s-(-)citronelal sobre fungos do gênero Cryptococcus. João Pessoa. Dissertação [Mestrado em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos] – Universidade Federal da Paraíba; 2017. Perrin DD, Amarego WLF. Purifications of laboratory chemicals. 3 ed., Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1996. Santos CS, Dos Santos RS, Silva RO, Freitas Filho JR, Freitas JCR. Uma acetilação eficiente e econômica do 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropilideno-α-D-galactopiranose utilizando anidrido acético ativado in situ pela argila montmorilonita K10. Ceramica. 2018;64:616-22. Santos JAM, Santos CS, Almeida CLA, Silva TDS, Freitas Filho JR, Militão GCG, et al. Structure-based design, synthesis and antitumoral evaluation of enulosides. Eur J Med Chem. 2017;128:192-201. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. M27-A3: reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard. 3rd ed. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2008. Oliveira WA, Pereira FO, Luna GCDG, Lima IO, Wanderley PA, Lima RB, et al. Antifungal activity of Cymbopogon winterianus jowitt ex bor against Candida albicans.. Braz J Microbiol. 2011;42:433-41. Pippi B. Avaliação da capacidade de Candida parapsilosis e Candida glabrata desenvolverem resistência fenotípica à própolis vermelha brasileira e ao fluconazol e avaliação de sua atividade antifúngica em associação com fluconazol e anidulafungina. Porto Alegre. Dissertação [Mestrado em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente] – Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul; 2014. Doern CD. When Does 2 Plus 2 Equal 5? A Review of Antimicrobial Synergy Testing. J clin microbial. 2014;52:4124-8. Melo ACN, Oliveira RN, Freitas Filho JR, Silva T G, Srivastava RM. Synthesis of anti-inflammatory 2,3-unsaturated O-glycosides using conventional and microwave heating techniques. Heterocycl Commun. 2017;23:205-11. Lima B. Anfotericina B pré-aquecida: avaliação da atividade frente a isolados clínicos de Candida spp. do HU-UFSC. Florianópolis. Dissertação [Mestrado em Farmácia] – Universidade de Santa Catarina; 2017. Cavalcanti IMF, Menezes TGC, Campos LAA, Ferraz MS, Maciel MAV, Caetano MNP, et al. Interaction study between vancomycin and liposomes containing natural compounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2018;54:203-10. Targino CSPC. Estudo da atividade antifúngica e dos mecanismos de ação do peptídeo Ctn[15-34], um fragmento C-terminal da crotalicidina, derivado de uma catelicidina expressa nas glândulas de veneno de cascavéis. Fortaleza. Tese [Doutorado em Ciências Farmacêuticas] – Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará; 2017. Spader TB. Avaliação da suscetibilidade de Rhodotorula mucilaginosa frente a associações de antifúngicos com fármacos diversos. Porto Alegre. Tese [Doutorado em Ciências Pneumológicas] – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; 2017. Guo J, Wang A, Yang K, Ding H, Hu Y, Yang Y, et al. Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial activities of polyacetylene glycosides from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Phytochemistry. 2017;136:65-9. Dantas CR, de Freitas JJR, Barbosa QPS, Militão GCG, Silva TDS, da Silva TG, et al. Stereoselective Synthesis and Antitumoral Activity of Z-Enyne Pseudoglycosides Org Biomol Chem. 2016;14:6786-95. Qing-Hu W, Na-Ren-Chao-Ke-Tu H, Na-Yin-Tai D, Xiu-Lan W, Wu-Li-Ji AA. The structural elucidation and antimicrobial activities of two isoflavane glycosides from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge) Hsiao. J mol struct. 2014;1076:535-8. Soares GL, Santos CS, Freitas JCR, Oliveira WA. Síntese e avaliação do prop-2-in-1-il 4,6-di-O-acetil-2,3-didesoxi-α-D-eritro-hex-2-enopiranosídeo contra espécies não albicans de Candida e resultados da associação com a anfotericina B ou com o cetoconazol Rev Pan-Amaz Saude. 2018;9:43-50.

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Gejsnæs-Schaad, Deyanira, Marco Meyer, Alessandro Prescimone, Catherine E. Housecroft und Edwin C. Constable. „Introducing intramolecular, interligand arene–alkynyl π-interactions into heteroleptic [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]+ complexes“. CrystEngComm, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ce00355h.

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The synthesis and characterization of six new heteroleptic copper(I) compounds incorporating wide bite-angle bisphosphanes (POP = oxydi(2,1-phenylene)]bis(diphenylphosphane), xantphos = (9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphane) combined with 6,6'-di(but-3-yn-1-yl)-2,2'-bipyridine (1), 6-(but-3-yn-1-yl)-6'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine (2) or 6-(but-3-yn-1-yl)-2,2'-bipyridine (3) are...

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Gahlaut, Puneet Singh, Deepak Gautam, Prem Lama und Barun Jana. „Unusual Coordination of a bis(1,2,3-Triazolyl-Pyridine) Ligand in a Pd(II) Complex: Application in Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reaction“. New Journal of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3nj00206c.

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A modified “click” reaction between 2-azidopyridine and di(prop-2-yn-1-yl) phthalate [dpp] (2) produces a novel bis(1,2,3-triazolyl-pyridine) ligand on an ortho-phthalic acid platform [bptmp] (3). The [bptmp] ligand is prepared to produce...

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Chandra, Nindya Deva. „Gambaran Pemaafan Pada Dewasa Awal yang Mengalami Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Pada Masa Anak-Anak“. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 7, Nr. 2 (23.06.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v7i2.4773.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana deskripsi pengampunan pada orang dewasa awal yang mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di masa kecil. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Peneliti menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara mendalam dan observasi yang berkaitan dengan empat subjek yang memiliki kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di masa kanak-kanak. Pada subjek pertama, MA, seorang pria yang mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di masa kecilnya. MA terkena kekerasan selama 7 tahun. Ini membuat MA merasakan dampak negatif dari kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, tetapi MA memutuskan untuk memaafkan dan tidak lagi menghindari ayahnya. Subjek kedua, YN, seorang pria yang telah terpapar dengan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di masa kecilnya selama 6 tahun, YN merasa terluka tetapi masih memiliki motivasi untuk berbuat baik dan ingin keluarganya kembali ke keharmonisan, yang membuatnya memutuskan untuk memaafkan ayahnya. Subjek ketiga, GD, seorang wanita yang telah mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga di masa kanak-kanak selama 5 tahun, masih takut dan menghindari ayahnya, GD memiliki keinginan untuk memaafkan tetapi masih merasa tidak dapat memaafkan dengan sepenuh hati sehingga GD masih memiliki perasaan aneh dengan ayahnya. Subjek keempat, AZ, seorang wanita yang juga telah terkena kekerasan dalam rumah tangga selama 5 tahun merasakan efek dari kekerasan dalam rumah tangga yang membuatnya merasa tidak seperti anak lain di usianya. AZ melihat ketulusan ayahnya ketika meminta maaf kemudian dia memutuskan untuk memaafkan ayahnya.

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Erdenetsogt, Uugangerel, Suvd Nadmid, Christian Paetz, Hans-Martin Dahse, Kerstin Voigt, Choijamts Gotov, Wilhelm Boland und Enkhmaa Dagvadorj. „New Guaianolide Sesquiterpene Lactones and Other Constituents from Pyrethrum pulchrum“. Planta Medica, 05.08.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1554-2866.

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Abstract Pyrethrum pulchrum is a rare Mongolian plant species that has been traditionally used as an ingredient in various remedies. Bioactivity-guided fractionation performed on the methanol extract of its aerial parts led to the isolation of 2 previously undescribed guaianolide-type sesquiterpene lactones, namely 1β,10β-epoxy-8α-hydroxyguaia-3,11(13)-dien-6,12-olide (1) and 1,8,10-trihydroxyguaia-3,11(13)-dien-6,12-olide (2), along with the isolation or chromatographic identification of 11 compounds, arglabin (3), 3β-hydroxycostunolide (4), isocostic acid (5), (E)-9-(2-thienyl)-6-nonen-8-yn-3-ol (6), (Z)-9-(2-thienyl)-6-nonen-8-yn-3-ol (7), N 1,N 5,N 10,N 14-tetra-p-coumaroyl spermine (8), chlorogenic acid (9), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (10), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (11), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (12), and tryptophan (13). Their structures were assigned based on spectroscopic and spectrometric data. The antimicrobial, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of selected compounds were evaluated. The new compounds showed weak to moderate antimicrobial activity. Arglabin (3), the major sesquiterpene lactone found in the methanol extract of P. pulchrum, exhibited the highest activity against human cancer lines, while compound 1 also possesses significant antiproliferative activity against leukemia cells.

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BAYĞU, Yasemin. „Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Water-Soluble Tetra-Substituted Zn(II) Phthalocyanine Containing Triazole and Galactose Moieties“. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 19.04.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1266799.

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In this study, new water-soluble non-peripheral tetra-substituted zinc complex of phthalocyanine which is contain galactose moieties was synthesized. ZnPc-I was prepared from the galactose substituted dicyano compound by the cyclotetramerization reaction. This dicyano compound was synthesized by Click reaction between 3-(pent-4-yn-1-yloxy)phthalonitrile and 6-azido-6-deoxy1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose. ZnPc-II was obtained by hydrolysis of the protected isopropylidene groups in ZnPc-I in TFA and water mixture. The galactose linked Zn(II) phthalocyanine was achieved to dissolve in common polar solvents and water. All of the new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV–vis and MS spectral data.

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Zhang, Ran, Fubin Fu, Jing Cao und Zhengyang Chen. „Nitrogen‐Doped Bifunctional Carbon Dots: Photoluminescence Investigation, and Fluorescent Recognition Applications“. ChemistrySelect 9, Nr. 4 (23.01.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202302791.

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AbstractIn this work, three kinds of bifunctional carbon dots fluorescent sensor a‐CDs, b‐CDs and c‐CDs were prepared using 2,2‐di(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)malonic acid as substrate, which are rich in carboxylic acid and conjugated structure. The morphology, chemical composition and optical properties of the prepared carbon quantum dots were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FTIR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐vis spectroscopy and fluorescence (FL). They display excellent water solubility, thermal stability and salt resistance, and overcomes the loss of optical activity in the dry state, which have been applied to the detection of aqueous metal ions and anions. Among them, the fluorescence quenching of Hg2+ and Cu2+ by a‐CDs and b‐CDs is obvious, which can be used as a highly sensitive dual ion sensor. At the same time, it has a good recognition and detection effect on 0–12 ppm ClO− or MnO4−, and the detection limits are as low as 0.1209 ppm and 0.0574 ppm, respectively. In addition, chiral c‐CDs can specifically recognize Hg2+, and the synergistic effect of c‐CDs and Hg2+ can improve the recognition of chiral enantiomers.

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„6-Nitro-1,4-di(prop-2-yn-1-yl)quinoxaline-2,3(1H,4H)-dione (NQPr) – a novel corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid environment“. International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition 8, Nr. 3 (September 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.17675/2305-6894-2019-8-3-17.

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Natarajan, Srinivasan, Krishna Manna und Rishika Boruah. „Zn, Cd and Cu Coordination Polymers for Metronidazole Sensing and for Ullmann and Chan‐Lam Coupling Reactions“. Chemistry – An Asian Journal, 21.07.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.202400501.

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Five compounds, [Zn(bpe)1/2(BPTA)H2O]·H2O (1); [Zn(bpe)(BPTA)] (2); [Cd(bpe)(BPTA)H2O] (3); [Cd(BPTA)(bpmh)]·2H2O (4); and Cu(BPTA)(bpmh)1.5(H2O)]·H2O (5) were prepared employing 2,5‐bis(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy)terephthalic acid (2, 5 BPTA) as the primary ligand and 1,2‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethane (4, 4ʹ bpe) (1‐3) and 1,2‐bis(pyridin‐3‐ylmethylene)hydrazine (bpmh) (4‐5) as the secondary ligands. Single crystal studies indicated that the compounds 1, 3 and 5 have two‐dimensional layer structures and compounds 2 and 4 three‐dimensional structures. The luminescence behaviour of the compounds 2 and 3 were explored for the sensing of metronidazole both in aqueouos solution as well as simple paper strips. The Cu compound 5 loses the coordinated water molecule at 100 °C without any structural change, which was examined towards the Lewis acidic character by carrying out the Ullmann type C‐C homocoupling reaction of the aromatic halide compounds. The compounds, 4 and 5, also have the Lewis basic functionality arising out the =N‐N=, aza groups. The bifunctional nature of the MOF was explored towards the Chan‐Lam coupling reaction between phenyl boronic acid and aniline derivatives in the ethanol medium. In both the catalytic reactions, good yields and recyclability were observed. The present studies illustrated the rich diversity that the transition metal containing compounds exhibit in extended framework structures.

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Styana, Ucik Ika Fenti, Nurul Muyasaroh und Muhammad Sigit Cahyono. „Pengaruh Bahan Bakar Terhadap Arus dan Tegangan yang Dihasilkan oleh Polymer Electrolite Membrane Fuel Cell yang Terintegrasi dengan Gasifier Sampah Organik“. Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy 3, Nr. 2 (10.12.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jo.v3i2.590.

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Saat ini, kebutuhan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat dan ketersediannya semakin menipis. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan bahan bakar alternatif seperti Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Teknologi ini mampu mengkonversi hidrogen yang dihasilkan dari biomasa melalui proses gasifikasi, menjadi sumber energi listrik. Akan tetapi, kinerja PEMFC sangat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya adalah kualitas bahan bakar yang digunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas bahan bakar terhadap kinerja PEMFC yang terintegrasi dengan Fixed Bed Updraft Gasifier. Bahan baku yang digunakan pada proses gasifikasi adalah biomasa berupa tempurung kelapa yang diproses di dalam gasifier menghasilkan syn gas, untuk kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam PEMFC dengan variabel syn gas yang dimurnikan maupun tanpa pemurnian, serta hidrogen murni sebagai kontrol. Peralatan yang digunakan adalah satu set alat Fixed Bed Updraft Gasifier yang diintegrasikan dengan PEMFC. Tahap awal pengujian adalah proses gasifikasi tempurung kelapa di dalam gasifier menghasilkan syn gas yang akan langsung ditampung di dalam gas holder. Pengujian berikutnya dilakukan dengan cara yang sama, tetapi syn gas tersebut kemudian dimurnikan melalui satu set peralatan cyclone, filter, scrubber, dan condensor. Produk syn gas tersebut kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam PEMFC dengan pompa serta adanya penambahan oksigen menggunakan blower. Sebagai kontrol, dilakukan pengujian menggunakan hidrogen murni sebagai bahan baku PEMFC dengan laju alir 2,5 liter/menit dan tekanan gas 2 kg/cm2. Analisa dilakukan dengan indikator arus dan tegangan untuk mengethaui daya yang dihasilkan dari Fuel Cell. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa syn gas hasil gasifikasi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar PEMFC, namun arus dan tegangan yang dihasilkan sangat kecil. Untuk syn gas hasil pemurnian, arus yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,1 Ampere dan Tegangan 1 Volt dan lampu indikator bisa menyala agak redup. Hasil ini berbeda dengan pengujian menggunakan bahan bakar gas hidrogen murni, dimana mampu menghasilkan arus sebesar 1,4 Ampere dan tegangan 7 volt, serta lampu indikator bisa menyala dengan terang. Sementara untuk syn gas tanpa pemurnian, arus dan tegangan yang dihasilkan sangat kecil sehingga tidak terbaca oleh indikator. Kata kunci : Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Fixed-Bed Updraft Gasifier, Syn Gas, Hidrogen, ListrikAbstrackAlternative fuels such as the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). This technology is able to convert hydrogen produced from biomass through a gasification process, into a source of electrical energy. However, PEMFC's performance is strongly influenced by several factors, including the quality of the fuel used. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fuel quality on PEMFC performance integrated with the Fixed Bed Updraft Gasifier. The raw material used in the gasification process is biomass in the form of a coconut shell which is processed in the gasifier to produce syn gas, to then be incorporated into PEMFC with a variable syn gas that is purified or without purification, and pure hydrogen as a control. The equipment used is a set of Fixed Bed Updraft Gasifier tools that are integrated with PEMFC. The initial stage of testing is the process of gasification of the coconut shell in the gasifier to produce syn gas which will be directly accommodated in the gas holder. Subsequent tests were carried out in the same way, but the syn gas was then purified through a set of cyclone equipment, filters, scrubbers, and condensers. The syn gas product is then put into PEMFC with a pump and the addition of oxygen using a blower. As a control, testing was conducted using pure hydrogen as PEMFC raw material with a flow rate of 2.5 liters / minute and a gas pressure of 2 kg / cm2. Analysis is carried out with current and voltage indicators to determine the power generated from the Fuel Cell. The results showed that the syn gas produced from gasification can be used as PEMFC fuel, but the current and voltage produced are very small. For syn gas purification results, the resulting current is 0.1 Ampere and 1 Volt Voltage and the indicator light can be lit somewhat dimly. This result is different from testing using pure hydrogen gas fuel, which is able to produce a current of 1.4 Amperes and a voltage of 7 volts, and the indicator lights can be lit brightly. While for syn gas without purification, the current and voltage produced are so small that they cannot be read by indicators. Keywords: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Fixed-Bed Updraft Gasifier, Syn Gas, Hydrogen, Electricity

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