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1
Gros, Pierre-François. „Rugby des villes, rugby des champs : une histoire du rugby dans le Comité du Lyonnais (1890-1914)“. Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO1A002.
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Thomson, Alan. „Injury in elite rugby players during the Super 15 Rugby tournament“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13369.
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Includes bibliographical references.Professional rugby union is a contact sport with a high risk of injury. The Super Rugby competition is a particularly demanding 16-week Southern Hemisphere tournament. In this tournament, 15 teams compete and play international level matches every week, which may be associated with an even higher risk of injuries. The main objectives of this dissertation were 1) to review the epidemiology and risk factors of injuries in professional rugby union, with specific reference to the Super Rugby tournament (Part 1), and 2) to document the incidence and nature of time-loss injuries during the 2012 Super Rugby tournament (Part 2). Part 1: In this component of the dissertation, a comprehensive review of injuries during Super Rugby was undertaken. A search revealed only 3 studies that have been conducted during this competition. Therefore additional data were included from other studies on Rugby Union, where appropriate. Part 2: This component of the dissertation consists of a prospective cohort study that was conducted during the 2012 Super Rugby tournament, in which teams from Australia, New Zealand and South Africa participated. Participants consisted of 152 players from five South African teams. Team physicians collected daily injury data through a secure, webbased electronic platform. Data included the size of the squad, the type of day, main player position, whether it was a training or match injury, hours of play (training and matches), the time of the match injury, the mechanism of the injury, the main anatomical location of the injury, the specific anatomical structure of the injury, the type of injury, and the severity of the injury (days lost).
3
Dousset, Florent. „Rugby et droit social“. Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10008.
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Le rugby est le dernier sport collectif en France a avoir choisi, à la fin d es années 1990, la voie du professsionalisme. Le rugbyman est désormais réménéré pour sa prestation athlétique qui constitue l'essentiel ou la totalité de ses revenus. Cette prestation s'exécute dans le cadre d'un contrat de travail reconnu comme étant salarié, impliquant ainsi l'intégration de la relation de travail en cause dans la sphère du droit social. Les dispositions législatives et réglementaires relatives au sport professionnel, et à fortiori relatives au rugby étant quasi-inexistantes, il en résulte une application des règles générales en la matière. Or, un examen de la pratique permet de constater que ces règles sont souvent écartées au profit d'usages et de règlements propres à l'activité. Quelle sont les justifications d'une telle mise à l'écart ? Résulte -t-elle d'une incompatibilité entre l'activité en cause et la règle de droit ? Est-elle justifiée par des nécessités de protection sociale ? Doit-on envisager une application coercitive du droit social ou au contraire militer en faveur d'une exception sportive ? Quels en sont les enjeux actuels ? Enfin, et plus fondentalement, le statut de salarié est-il encore adapté à la relation de travail en cause ? Tiré d'une expérience professionnelle de trois ans au sein d'un club de première division, rugby et droit social tente de faire un point sur une matière nouvelle, à l'orée de la future convention collective du rugby.
4
Marnewick, Michel. „Can a cross training program improve rugby skills in adolescent male rugby players?“ Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/732.
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The purpose of this study was to find whether cross training could improve male adolescent rugby skills. Three major sports (soccer, basketball and wrestling) were selected to form the base of the cross training intervention program. Pre- and post-tests were performed with the entire rugby squad (24 participants) prior to and at the conclusion of the intervention program. After pre-testing, the participants were grouped into either the intervention (12) or the control group (12). Supervised cross training sessions were performed twice a week for 10 weeks as well as traditional rugby training twice a week for 10 weeks with the intervention group. The control group performed supervised conventional rugby training twice a week for 10 weeks. All participants (24) played in a rugby match once a week during the 10 week period of the study.
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Alaphilippe, Anne. „Suivi physiologique du jeune rugbyman de haut niveau : approche biométrique, biologique, biochimique et cardiovasculaire des effets de l'entraînement et des charges de compétitions“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF20064/document.
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Phillpots, Kyle. „The professionalisation of rugby union“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4498/.
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Rugby union was one of a number of versions of football to emerge from the mob games of pre-industrial England. It was adapted in the 19th Century into a pastime taken up by Gentlemen. During this period amateurism was the dominant hegemony, however conflict within the Rugby Football Union (RFU) over the concept of professionalism led to a schism with the working class clubs in the north of England forming their own professional version of the sport in 1895. Over the next one hundred years, the RFU utilised its power and authority to maintain amateurism as the central concept of rugby union. For much of this period amateurism was regarded as the superior approach to sports participation. It was, however, a definition of amateurism that was based on a 19th Century ideal. Changes took place in society, which changed the way sport was played. Sport became more serious and society began to demand only success from their teams. Rugby union was also influenced by the different cultures of the dominant playing powers of the Southern Hemisphere. As the 20`x' Century progressed, an emergent hegemony developed within sport, which emphasised qualities of performance that may be termed `professional'. In the last quarter of the 20th Century amateurism was a residual hegemony within sport and most major sports had become both commercially oriented and professional. In its desire to maintain and promote rugby, the RFU had become dependent on commercialism and had also permitted cups and leagues to become part of the sport. Finally, rather than lose total control of the sport the IRB agreed to allow professionalism. The five years since 1995 have seen a continued struggle for the control of the sport in England and have led some to fear for its survival at lower levels.
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Darko, Natalie. „Rugby union men : body concerns“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10081.
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Existing research shows that increasing numbers of young men are dissatisfied with the appearance of their bodies. Research has found that men will use sport and health-related sports acts to conceal these concerns from others. Accordingly, men s body dissatisfactions are documented less frequently because the practices drawn upon to conceal them are perceived as routine forms of masculine behaviour. Rugby union is one of the most popular sports played by young men in England. Historically, the male rugby player is culturally perceived as strong, tough and unemotionally articulate. Existing research draws attention to health issues, such as performance stress and injury that arise through participation in this sport. Research also shows that rugby union players are likely to experience concerns about gaining weight, yet these are disguised within the requirements of training for the sport. Although, there are studies that examine the constitution of masculinities, the experience of pain and injury and career transitions among rugby union players there are no studies, as yet, that examine how rugby union men experience body concerns and manage these experiences through their sport. The research discussed in this thesis examines how a group of rugby union men (25) aged 18-25, of varied racial identity, ethnic and social backgrounds, participating in an elite university rugby union 1st XV team, experience concerns about the appearance and performance of their bodies and the ways in which such concerns develop. It also examines if and how these men used the sport and health-related sports acts, to overcome their concerns and conceal them from others. A theoretical framework, which draws on the concepts of the three theorists: Connell (1995, 2008) Goffman (1959; 1961; 1979) and Bourdieu (1978; 1979; 1984), is developed. As part of this, a new concept has been created from Goffman s dramaturgical approach: that of the intimate dimension. In this dimension intimate relationships occur. It is located away from the front region, (the public), and the back region (semi-public spaces) where less formal relationships occur. It includes the research interview, with a woman researcher, and some other women such as girlfriends, sisters or female friends and also one or two other rugby men with whom the rugby men demonstrated a close bond. Within this dimension the rugby men are more forthcoming about the personal elements of their rugby lives. The theoretical framework is used to examine these men s concerns, how they are developed, experienced and managed. Recognising that cultural assumptions of a tough and less expressive masculinity assigned to this sport can potentially make it difficult for men to express these concerns, a combination of visual research methods and ethnography are used to examine these men s body concerns and their management. This includes collaborative collection of photography and photo-elicitation interviews. The research shows that embodied experiences of discomfort, associated with pain, injury, concerns about height, being overweight or out of shape, and social experiences of exclusion led to the development of the rugby men s body concerns. For these rugby men, their rugby masculinities are influential to the management and concealment of their body concerns. They suppress and conceal their body concerns in the front and back regions of the sport and reveal them in more intimate dimensions. The rugby men s relationships with each other, in the back regions of the sport, were the most influential to this identity, but more importantly, to the management and reinforcement of these concerns. This thesis contributes to filling the gap in existing academic research by examining body concerns and its management amongst rugby union men. It also extends existing research that has found men conceal their body concerns in sport, because it looks at how these men manage these concerns differently in different regions of their sport. Furthermore, a theoretical framework that combines interactionism and phenomenology is used to study sociologically men s body concerns in these different contexts. The combination of visual methods and ethnography goes beyond some of the existing methods used in clinical and sociological research that have examined men's body concerns. They can be used to enhance understanding of clinical forms of body concern and other emotional concerns rugby union men and other sportsmen, of all ages, have about performance, pain and injury. The incorporation of visual methods is potentially widely applicable because they have increasing precedence in sportsmen s lives to analyse performance and to represent them.
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Magnus, Stålgren. „Wexiö Rugby : En grafisk profil“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64618.
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Detta projekt handlar om att formge en grafisk profil, med fokus på logotyp, åt Wexiö Rugby Klubb. Föreningen består idag av ett herrlag och ett halvt damlag. Deras långsiktiga mål är att inom två år ha ett herrlag, ett damlag och ett juniorlag. Logotypen idag har dålig upplösning och föreställer en stor, stark och aggressiv man, vilket damerna inte kunnat identifiera sig med. De har vid flertalet tillfällen ändrat på logotypen då de åkt på match eller turneringar. Min roll och mitt syfte med detta projekt har varit att göra research och analyser för att ta fram en logotyp och grafisk identitet som gör att alla i föreningen skall kunna känna sig inkluderade. Slutartefakten skall bli en logotyp och grafisk manual med riktlinjer för hur den nya identiteten kan se ut och användas.This project is about creating a graphic profile, with focus on logotype, to Wexio Rugby club. The club today consists of a men´s team and a half women´s team. Their long-term goal is to have a men´s team, a women´s team and a junior team within two years. Their logotype today has a poor resolution and represents a big, strong and aggressive man, which the ladies could not identify with. They have changed the logo on a number of occasions when they went on a macth or tournaments. My role and purpose with this project has been to research and analyze to develop a logotype and graphic identity that makes everyone in the club able to feel included. The final artifact will be a graphic manual and guidelines for how the new identity can look and be used.
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Koch, Wilhelm. „Preparing for life after rugby“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21537.
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The inception of rugby as a workforce in 1995 created a range of new issues surrounding sport as a vocation. With professional rugby often wearing the glamorous coat of fame and fortune, young athletes sacrifice education and learning additional life-skills in pursuit of well-paid contracts and glitzy lifestyles unaware of the realities rugby as a profession holds. One such reality is the relatively short lifespan of a professional rugby career and the fact that transition to a whole new career is firstly inevitable and secondly a very challenging process. Traditional retirement has been associated with the end of a long working career, making comprehensive lifestyle- and financial planning part of the preparation process. This process helps the retiree anticipate and understand the expected demands of life beyond a working career. In rugby however, the retirement experience of a player can be extremely difficult to cope with, especially if the player is not adequately prepared or has not planned for such an event. This leaves players vulnerable for the imminent new phase of life and often leads to physiological - and other challenges players are not able to withstand in a world outside sport (Price, 2007). The aim of this study is to identify the different aspects that influence a professional rugby player’s retirement – and transition experience into a new profession. The researcher believes that an increased understanding of how current and retired professional rugby players perceive/experienced the retirement process would assist current players to better plan and prepare for this phase of life. This ultimately would reduce the anxiety and uncertainty for life after rugby. If players are more relaxed and stress-free about their future, more focus could also be placed on the here-and-now, leading to greater performance on the current field of play. The views of both current and retired professional rugby players were captured through questionnaires distributed all around South Africa. The researcher utilised a mixed mode paradigm of both positivistic and interpretive research methods. This approach enabled him to best compare the views of the two groups and test the developed theories and hypothesis. Ultimately, the research revealed that the presence of the following variables will have a positive influence on a player’s retirement and transition experience: A) Leadership, advice and planning for retirement B) Tertiary education and additional work skills C) Popularity amongst fans and other influential people D) Sufficient wealth and E) A self-selected retirement. With these findings the researcher will develop some specific guidelines for current professional rugby players to help them firstly better prepare for their life beyond sport and secondly successfully switch to a new career. A few valuable recommendations were also made to other stakeholders to better assist and support players in their preparation and transition process.
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Finnigan, Nicola A. „A three-season analysis of positional demands in elite English Rugby Union“. Thesis, University of Chester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/613854.
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This thesis presents novel findings relating to the position-specific locomotive and performance-related characteristics of elite (club) level rugby union players in England using data gathered via global positioning systems and time-motion analysis over three seasons (2010 – 2013). In terms of sample size, this investigation represents one of the largest conducted and therefore provides information that is more representative than any published thus far. Moreover, the findings reported in the first study (of this thesis) directly challenge the practice adopted previously by researchers in this field of not considering the running capabilities of individual players when calculating their locomotive activities. The consequence of this is that for certain measures (involving speed zones), the values reported herein are a more appropriate reflection of elite players’ movement patterns than has been previously reported. For example, it emerged that had previous approaches been used, the average distances covered by players in a match would have been either under- or over-estimated by up to ~ 80% in high intensity running (HIR), and 86% in sprinting. In adopting subsequently the use of speed categories defined in relative terms, position-related differences were observed in locomotion. Namely, as a group, the backs covered the greatest distances, with the scrum half position covering the most (6,542 m) and the tighthead prop the least (4,326 m). The outside backs were found to “sprint” the most, albeit up to ten times less than previously reported. Similarly, position-specific performance behaviours were identified, with the forwards participating in ~ 40% more static exertions than the backs, the second row involved in the most rucks (~ 34% of team total) and the back row the most tackles (12 per match). Among the backs, different demands prevailed; the scrum half executed most passes (over 50% of team total), whereas the inside backs engaged in most tackles (8 per match) and the outside backs carried the ball the most (7 times per match). When broken down into 5-minute periods of play, notable changes in demands were evident. For instance, reductions in total distances (~ 7%), and distances at HIR (~ 16%) occurred in 5 the second half compared to the first, implying that the onset of fatigue and/or the employment of pacing strategies. Moreover, reductions in HIR following the most intense periods of play were seen (when compared to the average) for the inside (~ 23%) and outside backs (~ 20%), as was the number of static exertions for the front row (~ 21%), back row (~ 24%) and outside backs (~ 45%), suggesting the occurrence of ‘transient fatigue’ during a match. Collectively the current research provides a comprehensive overview of key physical demands of English Premiership rugby union. Not only does it provide ‘typical’ position-related data, but also provides some insight into the most intense scenarios for elements of locomotive movement and static exertions, which together could assist practitioners/coaches in devising individualised training programmes to prepare players optimally for competition.
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Saouter, Anne. „Du masculin et du feminin dans le rugby : jeu des oppositions et gestion des transgressions“. Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0072.
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Par le biais d'une approche anthropologique, le rugby se percoit autant comme une pratique sportive qu'un style de vie. L'integration de l'individu dans la communaute rugbystique implique en effet un type de socialisation qui, dans sa duree, correspond generalement au cycle de vie. Le parcours biographique du rugbyman est jalonne d'experiences individuelles, inscrites dans un collectif extremement soude et structure, concernant aussi bien la vie sportive que privee. La construction de la masculinite semble a bien des egards respecter les bases d'une initiation classique a l'identite sexuelle occidentale. Neanmoins, apres l'etape jugee socialement primordiale et decisive qu'est le mariage, les joueurs, dans leur grande majorite, continuent a avoir des comportements d'adolescents et paraissent avoir arrete le passage du temps, pour vivre eternellement leur jeunesse; phenomene qui concerne en fait un temps dont la mesure depend de la duree de la pratique. La troisieme mi-temps s'avere etre le moment des principaux enjeux du rugby et de sa fonction dans une biographie masculine. L'observation et l'analyse du deroulement de celle-ci, pour en degager la signification, ne peuvent etre separees du temps du match. La principale specificite du rugby est la double nature du contact qu'il exige: d'une part agonistique entre adversaires, d'autre part sympathique, et meme affectif, entre partenaires. La troisieme mi-temps prolonge ce contact entre joueurs des deux equipes sur un mode ludique, ou l'agressivite est tournee en derision, ainsi que l'erotisme reste latent. La gestion de l'homosexualite, par une mise en scene collective d'un "homo-erotisme" etant la phase paroxystique et cathartique. L'etude du rugby feminin et du discours que les joueurs tiennent a son sujet ne fait qu'amplifier la perception de ce sport comme le "lieu" de construction de la masculinite, avec son conformisme et ses originalitesThrough an anthropological approach rugby is seen as much a way of life as a sport. The time spent in the rugby community implies a behavioural pattern which generally corresponds to the life cycle. The life of a rugbyman is marked by individual experiences, taking place in a well structured and close knit society, linked as much to his private life as his sporting life. The development of the male in many respects seems to follow the classic western approach to sexuality. However, after marriage, which is generally considered a definitive social step, the great majority of players continue to behave as adolescents and appear to stop the clock of life in order to live perpetually in their youth: a phenomena limited in time to the practice of the sport. The after-match celebration has an essential place in rugby and the development of the men who play it. One cannot understand the significance of the this event by observation and analysis outside the context of the match. The uniqueness of rugby is that it combines two contrary aspects of physical contact; on the one hand, adversity towards the opposition and on the other hand comradeship even fondness between team-mates. The after-match celebration prolongs the contact between the two teams on a sporting level where adversity and latent eroticism is replaced by mockery. The homosexuality is controlled by staging a collective "homo-erotic" act, being the culmination of the match. The study of female rugby and the comments of rugby men on the subject simply amplify the conception of this sport as a training ground of masculinity with its conventionality and originality
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Ancer, Ruth Lauren. „Cumulative mild head injury in rugby: cognitive test profiles of professional rugby and cricket players“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002434.
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This study investigates the effects of cumulative concussive and subconcussive mild head injury on the cognitive functioning of professional rugby players. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to 26 professional rugby players and a noncontact sport control group of 21 professional cricket players. The test performances of the rugby players were compared to those of the cricket players. Within the rugby group, forward and backline players were compared. An analysis of mean score differences between the rugby and cricket group failed to support the presence of brain damage effects in the rugby group. However, there was significantly increased variability of scores for the rugby players compared with the cricket players on tests particularly sensitive to cognitive deficit associated with mild head injury. This invalidates the null indications of average effects, indicating that a notable proportion of rugby players’ performances were falling off relative to the rest of the rugby players on tests vulnerable to the cognitive effects of diffuse brain damage. Mean score comparisons within the rugby group indicated that it was the subgroup of forward players, in particular, whose test performances revealed deficits suggestive of cerebral damage. Specifically, deficits were found in working memory, visuoperceptual tracking, verbal memory and visual memory, a pattern of deficits commensurate with cumulative mild head injury. The theoretical perspectives of Satz’s (1997) Brain Reserve Capacity Theory and Jordan’s (1997) ‘Shuttle’ model of variability are drawn upon in order to elucidate research findings and suggestions for future research are provided.
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Uys, Stefanie M. „The impact of an intervention programme on the decision making speed and accuracy, declarative knowledge, and selected visual skills of U/20 rugby players /“. Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1302.
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Moles, Jean-Bernard Marie. „Crisologie du rugby à XV amateur du Languedoc : changements structurels et évolution socioculturelle du rugby d'Oc“. Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON14006.
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Cette recherche vise a une analyse reflexive et prospective sur les nuances et caracteristiques du contexte crisologique du rugby de clocher sur le languedoc, en conciliant l'histoire sacree des "clubs" et l'avenement de la modernite avec de nouvelles structures : "les ententes, les unions et les regroupements". Au plan epistemologique, cette recherche s'appuie sur la systemique, afin de restituer l'action particuliere de chacune des parties du systeme (comite du languedoc, clubs, ententes, supporters, presse) dans le tout. Dans un premier temps, il s'agit d'admettre comment un changement structurel (les clubs qui se metamorphosent en ententes) a declenche une evolution socioculturelle sous l'impact d'effets agreges (perte d'identite, evaporation d'un rugby de proximite et des derbys), et a provoque la crise. [. . . ] les resultats demontreront dans une temporalite etablie (1980/2001), comment les decisions de "mutation structurelle" prises par un groupe d'affilies (superieurs aux clubs en 2002) concomitantes aux actions institutionnelles "disciplinaires et reglementaires", sous "l'effet janis", ont fait basculer le systeme dans une evolution socioculturelle inattendue (destructuration du championnat, desenchantement du public et de la presse). La these de cette recherche concluant a un rugby de differences (clubs/ententes) generatif d'un rugby d'indifferences.
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Viljoen, Erna. „The legal implications of rugby injuries“. Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/332.
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Sports law in South Africa is a field requiring exciting and intensive research. With so many sporting codes changing their status to professional sport, intensive research on the legal implications pertaining to each professional sporting code has also become necessary. Professional rugby in South Africa has grown into a multimillion rand industry. It is an industry whose role players need specialized legal advice on a multitude of issues. This dissertation addresses the legal issues arising out of the situation where a professional player is injured, during practice or a game, due to the intentional or negligent action of another. The medico-legal aspects of rugby, relating to causation and proof of injuries are an indispensable element of proving liability where rugby injuries are concerned. These aspects are crucial in assessing the criminal and delictual liability of players, coaches, referees, team physicians and even the union concerned. The problem of rugby violence, causing injury, is addressed by both the criminal law and the law of delict with the issue of consent being central to this discussion. Furthermore, the labour law implications can be far-reaching for both the player and the employer union due to the unique features of sport as an industry. All role players in professional rugby will have to cooperate with the legal community to ensure that a practical body of law is established in order to make rugby a safer sport for all concerned and to protect the professional player from unnecessary, incapacitating injury.
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Atack, Alexandra. „The biomechanics of rugby place kicking“. Thesis, St Mary's University, Twickenham, 2016. http://research.stmarys.ac.uk/1407/.
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Approximately 45% of the points scored in international Rugby Union matches are the result of place kicks (Quarrie & Hopkins, 2015). However, the key technique characteristics underpinning this skill are not well understood. The aim of this thesis was therefore to investigate rugby place kicking technique and performance, and understand how these differ between successful and less successful place kickers. In order to objectively quantify place kick performance outcome from data collected in a laboratory environment, a novel performance measure representative of the maximum distance that any given place kick could be successful from was developed. This measure combined initial ball flight data with previously published aerodynamic forces and was shown to predict ball location with a mean error of 4.0%. Full body motion capture and ground reaction force data were then collected from 33 experienced (amateur to senior international level) kickers and three groups of kickers were identified based on their performance outcome: long, short, and wide-left kickers. Differences were observed in the initial ball flight characteristics between the three groups and specific aspects of technique were then analysed to understand how these different performance outcomes were achieved. The long and wide-left kickers used different strategies to achieve comparable forward kicking foot velocities and initial ball velocities. The wide-left kickers used a hip flexor strategy: greater positive hip flexor work which was facilitated by a stretch across the trunk at the top of the backswing, followed by longitudinal rotation throughout the downswing. In contrast, the long kickers used a knee extensor strategy: greater positive knee extensor work and a more consistent trunk orientation throughout the downswing. Although both strategies led to comparably high initial ball velocity magnitudes, the hip flexor strategy led to greater longitudinal ball spin and an initial ball velocity vector directed towards the left-hand-side. Kickers who achieve fast ball velocities but miss left could potentially benefit from technical interventions to address their trunk kinematics or development of their kicking knee extensor involvement. The long kickers achieved faster kicking foot and initial ball velocities than the short kickers. The long kickers took a more angled and faster approach to the ball compared with the short kickers. This enabled the pelvis to be less front-on at the top of the backswing, meaning that the kicking foot was further away from the ball at this point and subsequently travelled a longer path to initial ball contact. The long kickers also demonstrated greater horizontal whole-body CM deceleration between support foot contact and initial ball contact and performed greater hip flexor and knee extensor positive work than the short kickers during the downswing. Kickers who cannot generate fast ball velocities could potentially benefit from interventions to their approach direction and velocity, or from development of their kicking hip flexor and knee extensor involvement. This thesis has provided a comprehensive understanding of rugby place kicking technique and recommendations for both coaching practice and research.
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Lloyd, Sam. „Experiential learning in professional Rugby Union“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14982.
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The aim of this thesis was to understand the role played by experiential learning in professional Rugby Union. Furthermore, to understand how performance information is utilised by coaches and athletes in every day practice. The thesis employed an ethnographic research method, utilising extensive participant observation, interviews, and document analysis. The thesis draws significantly on the theoretical tools of Scho??n, Bourdieu and Foucault. The key results and findings were that coaches used performance related information as a technology of self , and inculcated a hegemonic ideology. Furthermore, power relations were found and manifested inside the coach / athlete relation that reinforced the coaches spatial and temporal dominance. These dominant power relations were legitimised through the omnipresent ideology, and thus reproduced by the players and coaches. While evidence of experiential learning was documented, particularly with the academy players, the social location of practice marginalised the value of experiential learning in the coaching process. This was because performance information and the use of video based reflection were consistently used as tools of coaching authority, discipline and symbolic violence.
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Roux, Charles E. „The epidemiology of schoolboy rugby injuries“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24651.
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Schoolboy rugby injuries are a cause for concern in medical and non-medical circles, but few scientific investigations into their nature and frequency have been undertaken. The majority of reported rugby injury surveys are retrospective, have considered only specific injuries, or have reported only those seen at one location. Also, most studies have not distinguished minor injuries from major injuries. A pilot study conducted at one school in Cape Town during the 1982 rugby season, showed clear patterns of injury related to the age of players, their level of competition, playing position, the stage of the rugby season and the phase of play at the time of injury (Nathan et al. 198 3) . The studies as reported in this thesis were designed as a comprehensive follow-up study. The research methods and definition were similar but a much larger sample was studied and new areas not covered by the pilot study were introduced. During two 18-week seasons, in which approximately 4 700 players from 26 high schools played 6766 rugby matches, 905 players were prevented from participating in rugby for at least one week due to injury. The incidence and nature of injuries occurring to these players were followed in a prospective study and results were analysed for: (i) overall number and incidence of injured players; (ii) age-group and playing level; (iii) time of the season; (iv) phase of play; (v) playing position; (vi) type of injury; (vii) anatomical site; (viii) specific diagnoses; (ix) match vs practice injuries; (x) number of days off rugby; and (xi) medical treatment. The use of correspondence as a survey method resulted in 40 to 50% of injuries not being reported over the two-year period of the study. It appeared that the most accurate method of data collection was direct personal contact between the researcher and the injured player.
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Bevan, Huw R. „Power development in professional rugby players“. Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42313.
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The ability to develop high levels of muscular power is considered an essential component of success in many sporting activities. Currently, a number of training methods exist aimed at developing muscular power such as training at the optimal load for Peak Power Output (PPO) and complex training, however to date there is no real consensus as to the most effective way of implementing these training modalities into elite sport. The aim of the first experiment was to determine the optimal load for PPO during the Jump Squat, Bench Press Throws and Hang Power Clean in a group of professional rugby players. This was achieved by comparing the PPO at various loads of the subject's predetermined estimated 1 RM in a randomised and balanced order for Hang power cleans, (HPC) Bench Press Throws (BBT) and Jump Squats (JS). The results of this study indicate that relative intensity had a significant effect on PPO during the HPC, BBT and the JS and that peak values were obtained in our athletes when working against an external load that was equivalent to 80% IRM in the HPC, 30% 1 RM in the BBT and with BM only in the JS. The second experiment aimed to determine the required recovery time for maximal benefits between the heavy resistance training (HRT) and subsequent upper and lower body explosive performance in a group of professional rugby players. Twenty professional rugby players performed a countermovement jump (CMJ) at baseline and -15 s, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 min following a HRT bout (3 sets of 3 repetitions 87% IRM of Squat). Power output (PO), jump height and peak rate of force development (PRFD) were determined for all countermovement jumps. Performance increased significantly following 8 min recovery between the HRT and the CMJ (p < 0.001) (e.g. jump height increased by 4.9 +/- 3.0 %). The results of this experiment demonstrate that muscle performance during a CMJ can be significantly enhanced following bouts of HRT providing adequate recovery (?8 min) is given between the HRT and the explosive activity. The aim of the final experiment was to determine the effect of PAP on sprint performance in professional rugby players. Sixteen professional male rugby players performed five, 10 m sprints (with 5 m split): baseline, 4, 8, 12 and 16 min after the preload stimulus (1 set of 3 repetitions of the back squat at 91% IRM). No significant time effect over the duration of the study with regard to 5 m and 10 m sprint times. However, when individual responses to PAP were taking into account a significant improvement in sprint performance was observed over both 5 and 10 m compared to the baseline sprint. The results of this experiment indicate that sprinting performance is enhanced following a pre-load stimulus providing adequate and individualised recovery is given between the two activities. This may have important implications for training speed.
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Brown, James Craig. „Safer rugby through BokSmart? Evaluation of a nationwide injury prevention programme for rugby union in South Africa“. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12713.
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Includes bibliographical references.Introduction and objectives: Rugby union ('rugby') is a popular sport that has a high risk of injury. The sport has particular popularity in South Africa with about 500,000 players. Based on concerns about the number of rugby-related catastrophic injuries, the BokSmart nationwide injury prevention programme was launched in July 2009 by South African Rugby Union (SARU). This programme educates coaches and referees on safe techniques during a Rugby Safety Workshop (RSW). To assess real-world injury prevention efforts, researchers have suggested using the six Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice (TRIPP) stages. Stage 1 and 2 investigate the incidence, severity and aetiology of injuries. Stage 2 investigates the aetiology of injuries. Stage 3 is the introduction of an intervention. Stage 4 is an investigation of the effectiveness of the intervention under ideal conditions. Stages 5 and 6 investigate the real-world implementation of the intervention. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to comprehensively evaluate the BokSmart programme using the TRIPP framework. Methods: TRIPP stages 1 and 2 are investigated in Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5. Chapter 2 investigates the incidence, severity and aetiology of injuries at four competitive youth tournaments. Chapter 3 used Chapter 2's data to investigate the economic burden of these injuries. Chapter 4 investigates the incidence and severity of catastrophic injuries. Chapter 5 investigates the risk of both general and catastrophic injury specific to the scrum phase of play using the data from Chapters 2 and 4. TRIPP stages 3 and 4 were conducted by SARU and are thus outside the scope of this thesis. TRIPP stages 5 and 6 are investigated in Chapters 6, 7 and 8. Chapter 6 evaluates the effect of BokSmart in on catastrophic injury rates. Chapter 7 evaluates the effect of BokSmart on targeted player behaviours. Chapter 8 uses qualitative methods to investigate coaches and referees' perceptions of BokSmart. Results: Through TRIPP Stages 1 and 2 it was established that South Africa has comparable general and catastrophic injury rates to other countries. Senior players were at significantly (p<0.05) greater risk of suffering a catastrophic injury than younger players. The economic investigation indicated that injury rehabilitation was affected by whether the player had medical insurance or not – this may be unique to South Africa. Through TRIPP stages 5 and 6 BokSmart was associated with a reduction in catastrophic injuries in junior, but not senior players. BokSmart was also associated with a significant improvement in targeted player behaviours. Coaches' perceptions of the programme varied by socioeconomic status (SES). All coaches and referees agreed that the programme was capable of reducing catastrophic injuries in players. However, high SES coaches described difficulties in changing coach and player behaviour, while low SES coaches mentioned their lack of necessary infrastructure as barriers to adoption. There was also negativity about the delivery of BokSmart: coaches and referees felt the course was not practical enough, was too long and should not be compulsory. Conclusions: From BokSmart's perspective, the lack of effectiveness of the programme in senior players should be of concern, considering this age group's greater risk of catastrophic injury. This greater effect in juniors could be explained either by the higher number of players, or greater adoption in this age group. Future research should attempt to elucidate this reason. The barriers and suggestions described by low and high SES coaches and referees should be addressed to optimise the programme's impact. The programme should continue to be evaluated to assess the impact of these suggestions.
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Corbett, Benjamin Dawes. „Strategic Change in Response to an Environmental Jolt: Rugby and the Olympic Games“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365659.
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The sport management field is relatively new, but there are now over one thousand sport management programs in universities around the world. This ubiquity spawned Chalip’s (2006) call for sport management to become a distinct and legitimate academic discipline. Sport management has borrowed theory and models from a range of disciplines including health sciences, psychology, management, economics, and communications. Rightly, those are well-established, highly credible disciplines. However, a prominent way to advance any academic discipline is through theory development. This thesis introduces a new model, the
Integrated Change Model (ICM), which collaborates and extends sport management research in organisational design, organisational change, and institutional theory as a contribution to the theoretical base of sport management.
To further develop and evolve the ICM past a conceptual framework, the present research set forth to explore organisational change in response to an environmental jolt. The context chosen was the Olympic Games’ inclusion of rugby, specifically rugby’s abbreviated version of “Sevens,” to begin at the 2016 Games. The need for the ICM created three aims for the present study: 1) what; 2) how; and, 3) why changes occur in organisations (in this case, rugby national governing bodies) due to an environmental jolt (i.e. Olympic inclusion). It was of particular interest to understand the different responses among organisations in the same sector (i.e. international rugby competition). The research question was developed to satisfy those three aims, and therefore inform the new model: To what extent do organisations within the same sector vary in their response to the same environmental jolt?Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Allen, Trevor. „Methods of coaching to improve decision making in rugby“. Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/328.
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Reid, Iain Robert. „Tackling mild head injury in rugby: a comparison of the cognitive profiles of professional rugby and cricket players“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002552.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cumulative mild head injury on the cognitive functioning of professional rugby players. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to 26 professional rugby players and to a comparison group of 21 professional cricket players. The group test results of the rugby, cricket, rugby forwards and rugby backline players were each compared with established normative data. Generally, the comparison of the rugby and cricket mean scores relative to the normative data did not reveal significant differences on tests known to be sensitive to the effects of mild head injury. However, the comparison of variability for each of the rugby and cricket playing groups relative to variability for the normative data, revealed a pattern of increased variability among the rugby players. This implies a bimodal distribution in which a significant number of rugby players were performing poorly across these tests whereas a significant proportion were not. This variability effect was accounted for by further mean score comparisons which revealed that, as a group, it was the forward players whose performances were disproportionately poor on tests sensitive to the effects of mild head injury. The implications of these results are developed theoretically within the context of brain reserve capacity theory and suggestions for future research are provided.
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Paiement, Bianca. „A Comparison of Brain Trauma Profiles Between Elite Men's Rugby Union 15s and Rugby Union 7s Game Play“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40589.
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Head impact and subsequent brain trauma is a concern in contact sports including rugby. Head collisions present acute and long term injury risks to the brain ranging from non-symptomatic, concussion, and neurodegeneration. Rugby Union 15s and Rugby Union 7s are the two most played codes of the sport and the physical and tactical differences may affect how brain trauma is experienced (Cunniffe, Proctor, Baker, & Davies, 2009; Colin W Fuller, Taylor, & Molloy, 2010; L. J. Suarez-Arrones, J. Nunez, Portillo, & Mendez-Villanueva, 2012). It is important to consider all parameters contributing to acute and long term injury risk in order to appropriately capture brain trauma experienced in a contact/collision sport (Karton & Hoshizaki, 2018). Impact frequency, frequency-magnitude, and interval between impact have all been reported to affect brain trauma. Trauma profiling is a method used to describe brain trauma using the variables relating to brain injury risk. The purpose of this study was to compare head impacts experienced in rugby union 15s and 7s using frequency of impact events, frequency-magnitude of brain deformation, and time interval between impacts.
Thirty-six hundred (3600) player minutes of footage were analysed for each code, and all head impacts were categorised. Twenty (20) impact conditions were observed and reconstructed. Head to shoulder, hip and knee events were reconstructed using a pneumatic linear impactor, head to head events were reconstructed using a pendulum system, and head to ground events were reconstructed using a monorail drop rig. Results from both codes were compared using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests and demonstrated that Rugby 7s had a higher overall frequency of head impact, a greater number of head impacts causing higher trauma , and a shorter time interval between head impacts. These results suggest that rugby 7s presents a greater risk for sustaining brain trauma. These results will help expand the understanding of conditions leading to injury, and may lead to better interventions, such as equipment or rule changes, to mitigate risk.
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Upton, Patrick Anthony Howard. „Epidemiology and prevention of rugby injuries amongst schoolboy, senior club and provincial rugby players in the Western Cape“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26754.
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This thesis comprises a series of independent investigations examining rugby injuries occurring to players from under 14 to senior provincial level in the Cape Province (now the Western Cape). The first two studies report data aimed at gaining a more detailed understanding of rugby injuries in specific populations or under specific conditions, whilst the remainder of the thesis reports injury data from both a retrospective and a prospective epidemiological survey involving the same 3990 boys from 25 high schools. Following publication of data showing a progressive rise in the number of spinal cord injuries in the Western Cape, coupled with a sustained media attack on the attitudes of the (then) South African Rugby Board, certain experimental law changes were introduced to South African schoolboy rugby in 1990 and 1991. The purpose of the law changes was either to make the game safer or to make it more open and flowing, or both. Accordingly, the studies described in chapters 4 -8 set out to analyse the effects of these law changes on the incidence and nature of rugby injuries. This was accomplished by comparing data with a similar study conducted in 1983 and 1984 in the same 25 schools (Roux, 1992). The study reported in chapter 2 determined whether the use of neoprene (thermal) pants might reduce the risk of hamstring injury amongst 60 senior club rugby players, all of whom had previously sustained a hamstring muscle tear. The rationale was that the few seasons prior to this 1992 study had been characterised by an increasing use by rugby players of thermal or neoprene pants; a practice which seemed to have evolved spontaneously and without any scientific assessment of its value. We concluded that the wearing of thermal pants can reduce the risk of hamstring injury during rugby. However, other risk factors for injury are probably more important. These include levels of preseason physical fitness, correct warm up and stretching procedures before activity and adequate rehabilitation before returning to activity following injury. The objective of the study reported in chapter 3 was to determine the influence of preseason strength and endurance training on risk of injury in rugby players from two South African provincial teams during the 1992 rugby season. Players from one province followed a supervised scientifically-designed physical training programme, while those from the other did not follow a structured programme. The findings of the study, the first study to prove the relationship between pre-season preparation and early season injury, showed that inadequate pre-season endurance training is a major contributor to the high injury rate at the beginning of the season amongst provincial rugby players. Further, strength and endurance training are interrelated as risk factors. Thus, compared to players with adequate strength and endurance training, those with adequate strength training and insufficient endurance training are at greatest risk of injury, followed by players with insufficient strength and endurance training. It was also shown that contact practices 2 days after inter-provincial match contributed more to an increased number of injuries than to success; that "niggling" injuries may develop into more serious injury if players attempt to "play through" them; and that the lack of structured treatment and rehabilitation of an injury places players at risk of being re-injured.
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Desthomas, Vincent. „Les stratégies de pérennisation des clubs de rugby de haut niveau : enjeux économiques, organisationnels et identitaires du processus de professionnalisation : le rugby de haut niveau en région Aquitaine“. Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21316.
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"La professionnalisation est entendue comme une transformation économique, organisationnelle et culturelle. Dans le rugby à quinze, elle a rencontré de profondes résistances, nombreux étant ceux qui pensaient que ce sport devait rester l'emblème du sport amateur. Les clubs de rugby se trouvent confrontés à une alternative. Conserver au sein d'une même entité organisationnelle, culturelle et historique que représente " le club ", deux logiques somme toute contradictoires, une logique sociale, basée sur la tradition associative, et une logique de recherche de l'excellence sportive et commerciale, fondée sur le développement de son secteur professionnel. Bien que ces deux logiques apparaissent formalisées clairement au travers de structures juridiques bien différenciées, association d'une part et société commerciale d'autre part, il n'en demeure pas moins qu'elles évoluent au sein d'une même entité organisationnelle qu'est le club identitaire. L'objectif de notre recherche en sciences sociales consiste à dresser un état des lieux du niveau de professionnalisation des clubs de rugby, à analyser les enjeux liés à ce type d'organisation humaine et de fonctionnement et à examiner les stratégies de pérennisation de cette orientation dans le rugby de haut niveau. "Professionalization can be understood as a change in economic, organizational and cultural terms. Rugby union has strongly resisted this process, with a strong faction holding to the belief that it should remain the emblem of amateur sport. Elite Rugby clubs are now confronted with au dilemma. How are they to maintain within a single organisational, cultural and historic entity, symbolised by “the club”, two clearly contradictory systems, one social, based on the associative tradition, and the other which seeks sporting and commercial excellence, based on the development of the professional sector ? Although these two systems are apparently clearly formalised through very distinct legal structures – association on the one hand and commercial partnership on the other – it is nervertheless true that they coexist within the same organisational entity, “the club”. The objective of this social sciences research consists in setting down the current state of affairs in the professionalization of rugby clubs, and to analyse what is at take in this kind of social grouping and function. It also considers the strategies which might consolidate this tendency in top level rugby
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Nier, Olivier. „Professionnalisation du rugby et stratégies de clubs de l'élite européenne“. Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10103.
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La professionnalisation des sports gagne l'ensemble des activites de haut niveau. Entendue comme une transformation economique organisationnelle et culturelle, elle a rencontre dans le rugby a xv de profondes resistances. Depuis la naissance de la coupe du monde (1987) le processus a connu une acceleration brutale, perceptible dans tous les clubs de l'elite europeenne. A partir de l'etude de cinq clubs (deux anglais, deux francais, un ecossais) et en utilisant un modele d'analyse inspire par la sociologie de l'action organisee (crozier, friedberg) nous avons mis en evidence les formes particulieres prises par la contradiction fondamentale qui traverse tous ces clubs. La reference a la tradition developpee dans un cadre associatif s'oppose aux exigences d'efficacite portees par une logique entrepreneuriale. La maniere dont ces contradictions sont assumees dans chacun des clubs a ete mise en evidence a partir d'une etude des strategies des acteurs principaux de ces clubs. Les processus de legitimation passent par un jeu avec les aspects culturels specifiques a chaque organisation. Cette approche permet une lecture originale des rapports de pouvoir.
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Van, Dyk A. P. „The assessment of motor competence in rugby“. Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1263.
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Smit, Hendré. „Motor competence and goal setting in rugby /“. Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/712.
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Smit, Hendre. „Motor competence and goal setting in rugby“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3109.
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Thesis (M Sport Sc (Sport Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2007.The study explored the potential of rugby as a developmental experience, not only in terms of the motor skills that lead to competence in rugby, but also in terms of learning more about the life-skill of goal setting. A 10 session pre-season programme entitled “More than Rugby” was designed and implemented in order to determine whether combining skill instruction with activities specifically designed to increase an understanding of goal setting had an impact on either the development of rugby competence or understanding about goal setting and perceptions of its use. A repeated measures experimental design was followed, with two groups of high school rugby players from similar sporting backgrounds involved: An experimental group who received pre-season rugby training as well as an intervention programme dealing with goal setting, and a control group who received only the pre-season rugby training, but no special goal setting activities. Both groups were pre tested and post tested on their rugby competence (through an individual rugby skill test circuit) and their understanding of goal setting The self reported use of goal setting perceptions, the relationship between goals and performance and the effects of goals on players was measured by means of a questionnaire (adapted GSI). The results revealed a significant improvement in the quality of rugby skills of the experimental group, but no significant improvement was found in the quality of the rugby skills of the control group. Both groups showed improvement in the speed at which rugby skills were performed, but in neither case was the improvement significant. The understanding of goal setting and the knowledge of setting goals did not improve significantly for either group. It can be concluded that the inclusion of life skills content and activities, such as goal setting in rugby development programmes will not detract from skill development outcomes. Although it can be noted that the greater improvement in skill levels was achieved by the group who received goal setting, more research is recommended to explain the positive link between life skills development and sport skills development.
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Johnston, Richard. „Fatigue and pacing in rugby league players“. Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2015. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/ef517eecaf093a2ab0cd677b5a5b11ec830dc5257e6e4a14825f6b57e6aa3fea/3600843/201512_Richard_Johnston.pdf.
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Players from a number of team sports such as soccer, Australian rules football, and rugby league adopt pacing strategies during match-play in order to successfully complete match tasks without causing the failure of any single physiological system. Whilst these pacing strategies are influenced by numerous factors, it is currently unclear how physical qualities, physical contact, and time between matches influence pacing strategies. Given the frequency of physical collisions during match-play and the close link between physical qualities and success in rugby league, it is important to determine the impact they have on running intensities and pacing strategies employed by players. In addition, when players have little time to recover between matches, such as during a tournament, they may alter their pacing strategies to manage the fatigue that could occur across the period of congested fixtures. The demanding nature of competition results in players experiencing perceptual and physical fatigue that persists for a number of days following rugby league competition. Although the time course of the fatigue responses are well understood, little is known as to how fatigue impacts match activities and whether the fatigue response can be modified. Previous research has shown positive correlations between physical contact and markers of muscle damage; however as collisions make up a large proportion of the game, further work is required to determine the true cause and effect of physical contact. Although post-match fatigue is inevitable, various recovery interventions (e.g. ice baths, active recovery, compression garments) are often employed in an attempt to accelerate the recovery process. Despite this, the efficacy of many of these strategies has often been questioned. Given that well-developed physical qualities are associated with reduced transient fatigue and can be easily improved via training, it would appear important to determine the impact various physical qualities have on the fatigue response to match-play. With this in mind, the overall aims of this thesis were to determine the impact of physical contact, physical qualities, and periods of congested fixtures on pacing strategies and markers of fatigue and muscle damage in rugby league players. The thesis comprised 9 individual studies divided into two separate, yet interlinking themes. The first theme focused on player workloads, pacing strategies, and match intensities; the second on the fatigue response to these physical demands. Studies 1-3 investigated the influence of contact on subsequent running performance as well as the relationship with aerobic fitness and strength qualities. We found that performing contact within small-sided games leads to greater reductions in running performance as players employ a pacing strategy that prioritises the maintenance of contact efforts over running efforts. Increasing the contact demands leads to further reductions in running intensities. Subsequent studies also confirmed these findings, highlighting that there were greater reductions in running intensities during small-sided games following contact dominant repeated-effort activity as opposed to following running dominant activity. In Theme 2, we investigated the impact of physical contact on fatigue and muscle damage. The addition of physical contact to small-sided games resulted in upper-body fatigue as well as larger increases in blood creatine kinase compared to following non-contact small-sided games. In addition, we also found that increased running loads resulted in greater lower-body fatigue, whereas increased contact loads lead to increased upper-body fatigue. These data indicate that performing physical contact leads to larger increases in muscle damage and upper-body fatigue compared to exercise involving no contact. Furthermore, the location of fatigue sustained (e.g. upper- or lower-body) is sensitive to the activity performed. In Theme 2 we also investigated the fatigue response during an intensified competition and explored the relationship between fatigue and match activities. Increased creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage, was related to reductions in match activities. Exploring the relationships between physical fitness, match activities and post-match fatigue response following both single matches and during a tournament provided some interesting results. We found players with well-developed physical qualities had higher work-rates, which could be maintained over a number of games, as well as less post-match fatigue. This suggests that physical qualities offer a protective effect against post-match fatigue.
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Reed, Delanna. „Ghost Stories for Historic Rugby Ghostly Gathering“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1274.
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Celebrate Halloween Rugby style at Historic Rugby’s Annual Ghostly Gathering events with ghost stories, a bonfire, and visits from some of Rugby’s most prominent haunts! Ghost stories also performed during October 2014.
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Chaix, Pierre. „Analyse économique du rugby professionnel en France“. Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21025.
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"Longtemps géré par des bénévoles dans un cadre amateur, le sport a connu, au cours du XXème siècle, une marchandisation progressive de son activité. Le rugby a longtemps maintenu, de manière souvent artificielle, les règles d'un amateurisme de plus en plus désuet. En 1995, l'arrivée "annoncée" du professionnalisme a boulversé les modes de gestion du rugby en France. Avec de nouvelles compétitions, de nouvelles structures (ligues, syndicats), des budgets en forte hausse, des salaires élevés et une médiatisation accrue, le rugby est devenu une activité économique d'importance. Mais cette évolution s'est accompagnée aussi d'effets pervers (études sacrifiées des étudiants-rugbymen, joueurs au chômage, budgets en déficit ou même gestion "délictueuse"), que les institutions en charge du rugby professionnel ont pour vocation à résoudre rapidement. La comparaison avec les sports professionnels aux USA et le décryptage d'un certain nombre d'études économiques proposent au rugby frabçais des hypothèses de travail qu'il convient d'étudier soigneusement. Ces propositions financières, administratives et sportives sont susceptibles de favoriser la réussite économique du rugby professionnel. "
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Ward, Jonathan B. „Behind enemy lines: using oppositional data to measure relative match performance in elite women's rugby league“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/404165.
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Background: Rugby league is a contact sport played by men, women, and wheelchair athletes. In 2020 there were forty-five member nations, with men’s professional leagues in both the northern and southern hemisphere. Research has primarily focused on the male athlete and examined the physical, technical, and tactical differences between playing level, starters vs nonstarters, playing position, and successful and non-successful teams. The research is utilised by practitioners (Coaches, S&C Coaches, Sports Scientists, Physiotherapists etc) to apply evidence-based approaches to optimise athlete performance. However, applying the research of male athletes to women’s sport is inaccurate, due to differences in their physical ability, technical skills, and game tactics used. Female athletes make up the fastest growing contingent of rugby league players yet the research in female rugby league is scarce. It is therefore the goal of this project to provide new insight into women’s rugby league and utilise a novel analytical approach. This project examines the movement profiles (GPS metrics) and performance indicators of teams in the Australian women’s elite rugby league competition, the NRLW, to determine which GPS metrics and performance indicators can predict points scoring and match outcome. Traditionally performance analysis is done with absolute sums of data (data averaged over an 80 minute game), yet with the data made available to this project, the analysis of opposing teams relative data (data relative to the opposition team both on a per minute basis, and score line difference) was conducted to determine if this approach could offer unique insight compared to traditional absolute data analysis.
Method: This study examined 117 players from the four NRLW clubs during the 2018 & 2019 NRLW seasons, with data collected using 10 Hz Optimeye S5 (Catapult) GPS units. The GPS metrics analysed were total distance (m); average speed (m.s); distance covered greater than 12 km∙h-1 (i.e. high-speed running (HSR); distance covered greater than 18 km∙h-1 (i.e. sprint distance; SD); and average acceleration load (total sum of accelerations performed). Technical performance indicators used were `All Running Metres’, ‘Tackles’, ‘Missed Tackles’, and ‘Tackle Breaks’. The technical performance indicators were analysed for a full match, and the GPS data analysed for the full match, and half by half. The analysis of oppositional data was separated into three separate steps: i) absolute sum of data vs absolute score (total points scored), ii) absolute sum of data vs relative score (difference in score line), iii) relative difference of metrics (% difference between teams per minute) vs relative score (difference in score line). Generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) were employed (R version 3.5.211).
Results: ‘All Running Metres’ was found to be the only significant performance indicators, and was related to positive points scoring and match outcomes. Although not significant ‘Tackles’ and ‘Missed Tackles’ negatively impacted points scoring. There were three GPS metrics found to be significant predictors of points scoring and match outcome. ‘Average High Speed’ and ‘Average Sprinting Speed’ had a positive relationship, whereas ‘Accelerations’ had a negative relationship, with points scoring and match outcome. Total distance was not a significant indicator of match outcome.
Discussion: The performance indicators of ‘All Running Metres’, ‘Average High Speed’, ‘Average Sprinting Speed’, and ‘Average Acceleration’ were found to be significant predictors of success. ‘All Running Metres’ was significant in the absolute and relative analysis, with the relative analysis finding ‘All Running Metres’ to be more influential than in the absolute analysis. This suggests having higher run metres relative to your opposition is more important than having a high total amount of ‘All Running Metres’. ‘Average Sprinting Speed’ was significant in the absolute and relative analysis, with ‘Average High Speed’ significant in the half by half relative analysis. These findings indicate that running at higher speeds relative to your opposition will contribute positively to match outcome. ‘Accelerations’ were significant in the half by half analysis of absolute values, and were negatively associated with match outcome. This suggests over the full duration of the game ‘Accelerations’ do not impact match outcome; however, within smaller periods of a match the disparity between oppositions ‘Accelerations’ may impact match outcome.
Conclusion: This study was the first to examine performance indicators in women’s rugby league, and identify which GPS and performance indicators metrics could explain points scored and match outcome. ‘All Running Metres’, ‘Average High Speed’, and ‘Average Sprinting Speed’ had a positive relationship with points scoring and match outcome. The relative analysis approach was able to provide more inference than the absolute analysis. The relative analysis highlighted the increased influence of each significant metric in points scoring opportunities and match outcomes. By identifying the technical and physical qualities related to success, coaches and athletes in women’s rugby league can design training programs to improve player performance; devise game tactics to exploit the opposition; and aid in talent identification and player recruitment of athletes who exhibit qualities that will contribute positively to match outcome.
Practical application: The findings support the training and development of attacking play and maximising possession; in addition to training and developing speed and identifying and recruiting players with these qualities. Defensive work should also be prioritised as our findings show that ‘Missed Tackles’ are negatively associated with match outcome.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Medical Research (MMedRes)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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Gouveia, Rafael Botelho 1987. „Avaliação do desempenho anaeróbio de atletas de rugby em cadeira de rodas = Anaerobic performance evaluation of wheelchair rugby athletes“. [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275134.
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Orientador: Edison DuarteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
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Resumo: Introdução: A prática de atividade física regular e a prática esportiva são consideradas algumas das atividades importantes no processo de reabilitação de pessoas com deficiência física. O Rugby em Cadeira de Rodas (RCR), modalidade desenvolvida para pessoas com deficiência física no mínimo de 3 membros, desde sua criação passou por constante evolução, tendo seu sistema de classificação funcional, regras e métodos de treinamento. Como modalidade coletiva o RCR tem suas particularidades que devem ser consideradas, dentre elas o desempenho do metabolismo anaeróbio dos atletas, que é um dos determinantes para o sucesso nesse tipo de modalidade. No entanto, não foi encontrado na literatura internacional ou nacional consultada, valores de referência. Logo o objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer uma referência sobre o perfil de desempenho anaeróbio de atletas de RCR, através da avaliação do Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Metodologia: Foram coletados os dados de Potência pico, média e % de Fadiga do Wingate Anaerobic Test de 10 atletas com lesão na medula espinhal, com cargas relativas a cada deficiência envolvida. Resultados: Foram encontrados para atletas da classe 0.5 valores de Ppico de 44,12 - 72,40 Watts (W), Pmédia de 27,16 - 54,78 W e %F de 46,88 - 77,29%. Para atletas 2.0 a Ppico encontrada foi de 208,22 - 248,11W, a Pmédia de 97,63 - 120,81W e o %F de 69,48 - 77,29%. Para os atletas 2.5 a Ppico de 214,93 - 272,70 W, a Pmédia de 156,49 - 170,54 W e o %F de 52,63 - 58,41%. O único atleta 3.0 avaliado apresentou Ppico de 327,83 W, Pmédia de 174,82 e %F de 69,08%. Conclusões: Os atletas avaliados têm níveis de potência pico e média próximos dos seus pares de classificação funcional, como constatado na literatura consultada, mas apresentaram valores maiores no %F, o que indica uma necessidade de treinamento da capacidade anaeróbia de trabalho
Abstract: Introduction: The regular physical activity and sports pratice are considered important in the rehabilitation process for disabled people. The Wheelchair Rugby (WR) is a sport developed for people with physical disability in at least 3 limbs, has since its creation passed for development in its classification rules, game rules and training methods. As a team sport, the WR has it is peculiarities that should be considered, as the anaerobic performance, a determinant factor for the sport. However, it's not found in the literature a standard profile about the anaerobic performance of WR athletes for the training process. Therefore the aim of this study was to establish a reference about the anaerobic performance profile of WR athletes through the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Methods: 10 athletes with spinal cord injury were evaluated with the WAnT, with relative loads for each subject and each neurological level, according the literature, with the loan relative of each deficiency involved. Results: Were found to 0.5 athletes PP values from 44.12 to 72.40 W, MP from 27.16 to 54.78 W and %F 46.88 to 77.29%. For the 2.0 athletes was found PP from 208.22 to 248.11W, MP from 97.63 to 120.81W and %F from 69.48 to 77.29%. For the 2.5 athletes PP from 214.93 to 272.70 W, MP from 156.49 to 170.54 W and %F from 52.63 to 58.41%. The only 3.0 athlete evaluated showed PP of W 327.83, MP of 174.82 and %F of 69.08%. Conclusions: The evaluated athletes have peak power and mean power levels similar to their functional classification pairs, but they presented higher values in the %F, so the necessity of training in the anaerobic capacity is indicated
Mestrado
Atividade Fisica Adaptada
Mestre em Educação Física
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Du, Toit Jacques. „Playing time of professional senior rugby players across all levels of South African rugby, 2007 -2012: implications for transformation“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5927.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
A single governing body to govern South African rugby was formed in 1992. This allowed for changes to governmental policies to South African sport, resulting in South African sport being fully representative of the population. The South African Rugby Union (SARU) therefore has a continual challenge to make rugby fully representative at both provincial and national levels. Previously rugby has been dominated by white players at all levels. The SARU has implemented various programmes in order to accelerate the development of players of colour. Previously the success of these programmes has not been evaluated because the players representing different ethnic groups have not been quantified in a systematic way. The aim was to quantify playing time and playing numbers of South African professional rugby players of different ethnic groups from 2007 to 2012 at all professional levels (Springboks, Super Rugby, Currie Cup and Vodacom Cup). Quantifying playing time and playing numbers was done to establish changes in profile of South African rugby players across the given time period. Thus the efficacy of the SARU programmes to accelerate transformation was indirectly evaluated. A further aim was to determine if there had been a change in ethnic profiles between the various rugby unions from 2007 to 2012.
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Eaves, Simon John. „The 'convergence of the twain' : a notational analysis of Northern Hemisphere rugby league and rugby union football 1988-2002“. Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7392.
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The principal aim of this study was to create longitudinal profiles (1988-2002) for the games of rugby union and rugby league football in order to identify whether changes in time, offence, defence and game action variables, and positional and game performance indicators were a reflection that the two codes of rugby were 'converging'. Anecdotal evidence had suggested that due to certain administrative developments within this time frame many facets of the two games were becoming similar, thereby spawning the notion of a future single, unified game of 'rugby'. This thesis presents the first empirical and objective assessment of whether such convergence has occurred. The data for this study were extracted from 48 video-taped recordings of First Grade rugby league and International rugby union in the Northern hemisphere over the specified time frame. The matches were identifiable by Era (pre-/post-professional) and Period (1988-92, 1993-95, 1997-99 and2000-02). Key aspects of play or performance were distinguished via game models and expert opinion and were scrutinised via a series of specifically designed and validated hand notation systems. Initial analysis considered (and established) the reliability of these systems, thereafter parametric and non-parametric inferential statistical teohniques were employed to identify Era and Period effects within each Code, with the additional analyses to consider the effects of Game Result and Game Quarter Outcomes. The findings from these analyses, particulaily the observed increase in ball in play time, changes at the ruck, maul, and lineout, and alterations in defence patterns of play, have provided a strong argument that the two Codes underwent a discernable degree of convergence over the years being considered. It was concluded that the introduction of professional playing status (rugby union), the summer playing season (rugby league), and law changes were likely causes of the two games being now similar in many respects. Although additional analyses should be encouraged to corroborate the present findings, the case for the development of a single Code of rugby can now be made.
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Loveday, Thomas. „Effective coaching in cricket, rugby league and rugby union a qualitative investigation involving professional coaches and players from Australia /“. Connect to full text, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5739.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2009.Title from title screen (viewed 10 Dec. 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Bennie, Andrew. „Effective Coaching in Cricket, Rugby League and Rugby Union: A Qualitative Investigation Involving Professional Coaches and Players from Australia“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5739.
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This study examines professional Australian coach and athlete perceptions of effective coaching. Rather than assess the ability or effectiveness of the coaches and teams involved, the purpose was to gather perceptions of what professional coaches and players believe it takes to be an effective coach. Given the broad range of tasks that fit under the auspice of coaching, an important question to address was ‘what’ a coach does in order to be considered effective. In addition, an understanding of ‘why’ and ‘how’ these factors are effective was also essential. These questions formed a starting point in order to find out what professional coaches do (including how they behave), and why players and coaches perceive certain coaching strategies to be effective. This study employed a qualitative research design to identify perceptions about, and strategies of, effective coaching within the professional sport context. Interviews enabled participants to discuss their interpretations of the world in which they live, from their own point of view – a key feature of the present research. Observational data allowed me to view coaching behaviours and interactions with players in training and competition contexts. Using professional Australian coaches and players from cricket, rugby union and rugby league, 6 coaches and 25 players were interviewed while up to 16 coaches and 80 players were observed during 41 observation sessions at training and competition venues. The constant comparative method (Côté, Salmela, Baria, & Russell, 1993; Côté, Salmela, & Russell, 1995b; Glaser & Strauss, 1967) was used to analyse the observation and interview accounts. This enabled rich descriptions of what effective coaches do as well as providing information regarding how and why they carry out certain actions. Findings from the current research indicated that an effective coach possesses specific personal characteristics, qualities and skills as well as a general philosophy or direction for the team. The effective coach uses their own unique leadership, player management, communication and planning skills to create and maintain the team environment to ensure that everyone involved with the team ‘works off the same page’. The interaction of all these features leads to the primary goal of player development, improvement in player performance and winning matches. This thesis identified key perceptions and applications of effective coaching based on Australian professional coach and player experiences.
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Bennie, Andrew. „Effective Coaching in Cricket, Rugby League and Rugby Union: A Qualitative Investigation Involving Professional Coaches and Players from Australia“. Faculty of Education and Social Work, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5739.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This study examines professional Australian coach and athlete perceptions of effective coaching. Rather than assess the ability or effectiveness of the coaches and teams involved, the purpose was to gather perceptions of what professional coaches and players believe it takes to be an effective coach. Given the broad range of tasks that fit under the auspice of coaching, an important question to address was ‘what’ a coach does in order to be considered effective. In addition, an understanding of ‘why’ and ‘how’ these factors are effective was also essential. These questions formed a starting point in order to find out what professional coaches do (including how they behave), and why players and coaches perceive certain coaching strategies to be effective. This study employed a qualitative research design to identify perceptions about, and strategies of, effective coaching within the professional sport context. Interviews enabled participants to discuss their interpretations of the world in which they live, from their own point of view – a key feature of the present research. Observational data allowed me to view coaching behaviours and interactions with players in training and competition contexts. Using professional Australian coaches and players from cricket, rugby union and rugby league, 6 coaches and 25 players were interviewed while up to 16 coaches and 80 players were observed during 41 observation sessions at training and competition venues. The constant comparative method (Côté, Salmela, Baria, & Russell, 1993; Côté, Salmela, & Russell, 1995b; Glaser & Strauss, 1967) was used to analyse the observation and interview accounts. This enabled rich descriptions of what effective coaches do as well as providing information regarding how and why they carry out certain actions. Findings from the current research indicated that an effective coach possesses specific personal characteristics, qualities and skills as well as a general philosophy or direction for the team. The effective coach uses their own unique leadership, player management, communication and planning skills to create and maintain the team environment to ensure that everyone involved with the team ‘works off the same page’. The interaction of all these features leads to the primary goal of player development, improvement in player performance and winning matches. This thesis identified key perceptions and applications of effective coaching based on Australian professional coach and player experiences.
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Olivier, Pierre Emile. „A comparative normative survey of the isokinetic neck strength of senior elite South African rugby players and schoolboy rugby forwards“. Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Bonnet, Christophe. „Un sport de valeur(s) : une analyse socioéconomique de l’impact de la professionnalisation sur les stratégies de communication dans le rugby en France“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100044.
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Cette thèse analyse l’évolution des stratégies de communication de plusieurs acteurs intrinsèques au rugby français (fédération, clubs d’élite, annonceurs) depuis les années 1980. Il s’agit ainsi de montrer comment ces acteurs ont instrumentalisé les valeurs rugbystiques afin de répondre aux logiques de médiatisation, de professionnalisation et de marchandisation rencontrées par ce sport durant cette période. Après avoir été façonnées durant plus d’un siècle autour du principe d’amateurisme, ces valeurs sont mises au service, durant les années 2000, d’une communication de masse, qui se traduit par une spectacularisation du jeu et un remodelage de l’image du joueur. Ces différents acteurs sont toutefois amenés à reconsidérer leur stratégie, au tournant des années 2010, pour faire face à un relatif ralentissement du développement du rugby. L’on assiste dès lors à une réaffirmation des valeurs traditionnelles du rugby afin de le préserver des excès liés au sport business et d’en conserver tout le potentiel économique. Cette recherche donne ainsi à voir le monde du rugby comme un réseau de coopération au sein duquel chacun ces acteurs contribuent à produire, à diffuser et à valoriser un ensemble de normes et de conventions selon les rationalités qui leurs sont propres et le contexte dans lequel ils évoluent (Becker, 1982). Elle s’appuie sur une méthodologie combinant approche qualitative et quantitative à partir d’un corpus composé de supports de communication produits par la Fédération Française de Rugby et 30 clubs d’élites (affiches de match, plaquettes commerciales, médias digitaux), de 844 encarts publicitaires paru dans la presse écrite auxquels s’ajoutent 119 spots télévisés, et enfin de 38 entretiens semi-directifs mené auprès des différents acteurs étudiésThis thesis focuses of the evolution of the communication strategies of several French rugby protagonists (federation, elite clubs, advertisers) since the 1980s. It is a question of analyse how these actors have instrumentalized the rugby values in order to respond to the logics of mediatization, professionalization and commodification encountered by this sport during this period. After having been crafted for more than a century around amateurism, these values were used, during the 2000s, for mass communication, which resulted in a spectacularization of the game and a reshaping of the image of the player. However, these various protagonists were led to reconsider their strategy, at the turn of the 2010s, to deal with a relative slowdown in the development of rugby. There are signs of a reaffirmation traditional rugby values in order to preserve it of sport business excesses and to conserve all its economic potential. This research thus allows us to see the world of rugby as a network of cooperation within which each of these players has developed to produce, disseminate and promote a set of standards and conventions according to their rationalities and the context. in which they have evolved (Becker, 1982). The analysis is based on a methodology which is both qualitative and quantitative from a corpus made of communication supports products by the French Rugby Federation and elite rugby clubs (match posters, commercial brochures, digital media), of 844 written press advertisements, 119 commercial spot, and finally 38 semi structured interviews conducted with the various actors studied
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Ben, Khelifa Tarek. „Force de placage et de poussée en mêlée au rugby : biomécanique et composition corporelle“. Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON14004.
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Limenyade, Melissa. „Stakeholder perceptions of the implementation and management of women’s rugby development programmes in the Western Cape province“. University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8413.
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Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES)In the last few years, women’s rugby has experienced unprecedented growth globally and is the fastest growing sport among women and girls. Owing to increasing support and expo-sure, the sport has grown exponentially. However, women’s rugby programmes face signif-icant obstacles globally and locally. Women’s rugby is not well researched, and there is a lack of relevant literature on existing programmes, in particular, the perspectives and expe-riences of those involved in the programmes. Consequently, the purpose of the study was to offer insight into stakeholders and their lived experiences, thoughts and views on the management and implementation of development programmes for women’s rugby in the Western Cape Province.
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Gaston, Lindsey Eugene. „The Rugby Players Association's Benevolent Fund : a sociological study of the development of a social integration discourse in rugby football“. Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10759/.
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This thesis examines how player welfare and post-athletic retirement preparation is discussed by both professional rugby union athletes who play in the English Premiership and the Board of Trustees of the Rugby Players’ Association’s (RPA) Benevolent Fund, the non-profit division of the trade union which represents the employment and welfare interests of professional rugby union players in England. A career in professional sports is one that is uncertain and unpredictable (Roderick 2006a; McGillivray et al. 2005). A consequence of rugby union transitioning into a professional format on 26 August 1995 was that rugby union became a stand-alone career. Along with the transition in employment structure, the athlete became bigger, faster and stronger (Olds 2001; Norton and Olds 2000). This resulted in an increase of injury severity (Kaplan et al. 2008; Brooks and Kemp 2008; Bathgate et al. 2002; Garraway et al. 2000). In an effort to address the growing concern of injury severity and injury induced retirement, the RPA created the Benevolent Fund in 2001. The Foundation was given the remit to provide assistance to professional rugby union players during times of injury or illness, which included programmes that assisted with medical treatment, rehabilitation, counselling and direct financial assistance. To specifically address the growing numbers of players being forced to retire due to injury, the RPA commenced its ‘Life After Rugby’ programme, which provides educational opportunities that helps athletes to acquire alternative careers. The data gathered in this research shows, with the assistance of Levitas’s discourse models (2005, 2004, 1996a, 1996b, 1989), that there is a mixed level of involvement amongst rugby players in retirement preparation. It also underscores that players’ understanding of their risk of becoming ‘socially excluded’ – a prevailing concern of the RPA’s Benevolent Fund – is varied. The data shows that players who have spent more time as professional athletes are more likely to mirror the language used by the RPA to describe their policy objectives than those who have just recently started their professional sporting career. Early career rugby players are aware of the risk of injury, but they tend to ignore the possibility that it could happen to them personally. This research highlights the RPA’s successes with senior players but identifies the need for the RPA to modify their approach so as to encourage earlier adoption of the ‘Life After Rugby’ scheme by players just starting their career in professional sport.
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Agnew, Marcus S. B. „Game analysis in rugby union a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfillment of Masters of Health Science, February 2006 /“. Click here to access this resource online, 2006. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/30.
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Sheldon, Gavin Lee. „Off-field management of Western Province Super League A rugby clubs“. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/990.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Business Administration
in the Faculty of Business
at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyCurrently the performance of off-field managers of the Super League A rugby clubs is not at the required level, despite indicators that it plays a crucial role in the success of rugby clubs in the Western Province and in South Africa (SA). This study reviews and reports on the factors influencing off-field management of rugby clubs to understand management effectiveness and its importance to the success of the club. The review identified factors such as skills, competencies, strategic management, and other resources that are important for effective rugby club management, and reports on the need to develop and deploy adequate skills and resources to enhance rugby club management in the Western Province. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of effective management of rugby clubs. The purpose of the study was to investigate the off-field management skills, competencies, and resources for effective management of Super League (SL) A rugby clubs in the Western Province Rugby Football Union (WPRFU). Emanating from this investigation, recommendations were made to improve SL A rugby clubs’ off-field management performance. The methodology that was used included questionnaires that were completed by employees at the rugby clubs, either electronically or in written form. The results were analysed using SPSS version 21. The main findings were that the off-field management needs training to be effective, and therefore should deploy identified, well-trained employees to fill the gap created by partly-trained employees. The practical implication is that rugby clubs need to invest in the training and development of off-field employees for effective management of rugby clubs.
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Direnberger, Hervé. „La tétraplégie dans la pratique du rugby : à propos de 22 cas“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR1M155.
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Bodis, Jean-Pierre. „Rugby, politique et société dans le monde : des origines du jeu à nos jours (1972) : étude comparée“. Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20001.
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Il s'agit d'une etude historique de la population des rugbymen dans le monde depuis le commencement du jeu. Elle se presente en deux parties. La premiere traite des rapports du jeu avec son environnement social et politique. Le rugby s'organise d'abord dans de bonne "public schools" britanniques, puis gagne quelques milieux populaires en ecosse, angleterre et au pays de galles : d'ou une crise de croissance marquee par l'apparition d'une variante professionnelle : le "treize". L'ovale se diffuse aussi dans l'empire, surtout en nouvelle-zelande, australie et afrique du sud et en france ou on note, des les premiers temps, une localisation meridionale. De 1914 a 1945, le rugby commence a investir, dans les iles britanniques, une classe moyenne passee par les "high schools" et les universites "en brique". Si en nouvellezelande est l'affaire de tous, il demeure en australie celui d'une frange bourgeoise etroite et localisee a l'est et il porte la marque au sud de l'afrique de la segregation raciale. Les rugbymen francais sont interdits de relations avec les britanniques pour mauvaise conduite de 1931 a 1940. De 1945 a 1972, on distingue deux parties avec une coupure autour de 1960. Jusqu'a cette date, la vie du rugby est intense dans les pays traditionnels alors que la diffusion dans le monde est sans vigueur. La france passe a deux doigts d'une nouvelle excommunication. Apres 1960, vient le temps de la mondialisation du jeu avec le developpement des moyens de transport et de communication. Le prix en est l'entree visible de la politique dans son monde : ainsi en afrique du sud et en irlande ou les troubles de 1972 interrompent le tournoi des cinq nations qui propose aux amateurs, avec les visites des equipes en tournee de grands moments d'emotion collective. La deuxieme partie consiste en un dictionnaire des selectionnes des huit nations majeures : angleterre, ecosse, irlande, pays de galles, nouvelle-zelande, afrique du sud, australie et france.
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Duthie, Grant Malcolm. „The physical and game requirements of Rugby Union /“. [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18723.pdf.
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