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1
Šuňal, Štefan. „Přijímací dekodér RTTY“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442375.
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This thesis deals with designing and implementing autonomous decoder for RTTY communication. Theoretical part of the thesis deals with researching the RTTY technology and FSK modulation, which it uses, focusing mainly on the methods of demodulation. Next part of the thesis compares suitability of available platforms. Practical part of the thesis describes the design and implementation of circuit board, firmware and computer application. The device is using STM32 microcontroller. Firmware was developed in C++ using Arduino. The computer application was created by using C\# and WPF. 3 methods of FSK demodulations were implmented. One is using a FFT algorithm. Other two calculate frequency based on the period of square signal.
2
Jain, Saurabh. „LTCP-RC: RTT compensation technique to scale high-speed protocol in high RTT links“. Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2528.
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In this thesis, we propose a new protocol named Layered TCP with RTT Compensation
(LTCP-RC, for short). LTCP-RC is a simple modification to the congestion
window response of the high-speed protocol, Layered TCP (LTCP). In networks characterized
by large link delays and high RTTs, LTCP-RC makes the LTCP protocol
more scalable. Ack-clocked schemes, similar to TCP, suffer performance problems
like long convergence time and throughput degradation, when RTT experienced by
the flow increases. Also, when flows with different RTTs compete, the problem of
unfairness among competing flows becomes worse in the case of high-speed protocols.
LTCP-RC uses an RTT Compensation technique in order to solve these problems.
This thesis presents a general framework to decide the function for RTT Compensation
factor and two particular design choices are analyzed in detail. The first
algorithm uses a fixed function based on the minimum RTT observed by the flow.
The second algorithm uses an adaptive scheme which regulates itself according to
the dynamic network conditions. Evaluation of the performance of these schemes is
done using analysis and ns-2 simulations. LTCP-RC exhibits significant performance
improvement in terms of reduced convergence time, low drop rates, increased utilization
in presence of links with channel errors and good fairness properties between
the flows,. The scheme is simple to understand, easy to implement on the TCP/IP
stack and does not require any additional support from the network resources. The choice of parameters can be influenced to tune the RTT unfairness of the scheme,
which is not possible in TCP or other high-speed protocols. The flexible nature of
the analysis framework has laid the ground work for the development of new schemes,
which can improve the performance of the window based protocols in high delay and
heterogeneous networks.
3
Pemmaraju\, Venkata Santosh. „Real-Time Live RTT Analyzer“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3633.
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Due to rapid increasing in complexity of Internet, quantifying the performance of protocol helps in assessing the application behavior with respect to network performance. TCP is an important protocol that is used by some important applications on Internet such as HTTP, FTP and soon. To analyze TCP, Round trip times is one of the metric used. As it is a internal metric of TCP used to find the retransmission timeout of sent packet. Round trip times means measuring elapsed time between the sent packet and recieving its acknowledgment that covers the sequence number of the sent packet(i.e., from source to destination and vice-a-versa). Round trip times is a metric that is recognised by IETF as Quality of Service parameter. We design a tool here that will calculate the round trip times for each stream. This round trip times helps us to understand the protocol behavior. In this document, we discuss the design, implementation issues carried out while developing the tool. This tool is capable of reading offline as well as online streams and helps us to analyze the statistics obtained from collected round trip times of each stream.91-40-24023214
4
DE, LOOR PIERRE. „Du ttm/rttl pour la validation des systemes commandes par grafcet“. Reims, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REIMS039.
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Notre travail de these porte sur la validation des systemes commandes par grafcet. L'originalite de l'approche preconisee, reside dans la prise en compte du modele de la partie operative qui constitue, en effet, l'objectif principal de l'automatisation. Ceci permet de limiter considerablement les evolutions possibles du grafcet a celles qui peuvent etre effectivement atteintes au sein du systeme automatise. Pour mettre en uvre cette approche, nous utilisons le formalisme ttm (timed transition model)/rttl (real time temporal logic) qui est adapte a la specification et a la verification des systemes a evenements discrets. Ce formalisme permet d'associer l'asynchronisme et le non determinisme de la partie operative au determinisme et au synchronisme du grafcet. Ainsi, des regles de reecriture generant un ttm equivalent a un systeme commande par grafcet sont elaborees. Un systeme de preuve dedie est egalement mis en uvre afin de valider efficacement des proprietes de securite, de vivacite et de temps de reponse, exprimees en rttl. La methode de validation preconisee est basee sur l'abstraction d'elements non pertinents vis-a-vis de la propriete etudiee. Ces elements sont identifies par le biais d'heuristiques qui prennent en compte l'intention du concepteur refletee par l'interaction entre la commande et la partie operative. Pour asseoir l'approche, une maquette informatique est realisee a l'aide des langages de programmation smalltalk et clp (r). Enfin, une extension de cette approche a la validation des systemes hybrides est egalement proposee
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Abreu, Ricardo Matos. „Projecto de um receptor de microondas para uso em sistemas DSRC/RTTT“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/4807.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesOs sistemas de pagamento automático de portagens rodoviárias são hoje uma tecnologia bem implementada e presentes no dia a dia de muitas pessoas. Através de uma pequena etiqueta electrónica colocada no automóvel é possível efectuar o pagamento devido pela utilização de uma infra-estrutura sem para tal ser necessário parar. Por seu turno, para que seja possível a comunicação com a etiqueta, é necessário um outro equipamento electrónico agregado à infra-estrutura. O receptor de comunicação deste último equipamento é o objecto do presente trabalho.
Nowadays, automatic fee collection systems for road tolls are a well-known technology, and these systems are present on the everyday routine of many people. With a small electronic tag mounted on-board the vehicle it is possible to automatically pay the amount due to the use of an infrastructure (such as a road, tunnel or bridge) without having to stop. On the other hand, to make communications with the tag possible, some other equipment is needed bounded to the infrastructure. The communications receiver of this last equipment is described on the present work.
6
Gellert, Kai [Verfasser]. „Construction and Security Analysis of 0-RTT Protocols / Kai Gellert“. Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217666222/34.
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Li, Yingzi. „Varma modelling for window size and RTT in TCPIP networks“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26690.
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TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol) are the most important protocols used for most of the data transmission across the Internet. Modern implementations of TCP mostly involve the concepts of Window Size and Round Trip Time (RTT) in controlling network congestion.
We model simulated time series of Window Size and RTT to evaluate the characteristics and the relationship of the data over time using autoregressive moving average methods. These methods help us to forecast network performance and detect server congestion.
8
Ekk, Victoria Beatriz. „The Longest Rollercoaster Ride: Ten Years with NCLB, AYP and RTTT-- An Insider's Perspective“. Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3791.
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Thesis advisor: Marilyn Cochran-SmithThis practitioner research longitudinal study examines the effects of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law and the Race To The Top (RTTT) initiative on a high performing middle school in Massachusetts between 2003 and 2013. Utilizing a theoretical framework that combines Cochran-Smith and Lytles (2009) "inquiry as stance" and Ball's concept of (1990b) "policy cycles," the study analyzes the programmatic and structural changes enacted in response to NCLB, RTTT and their effects on special education and low income students, their teachers, parents, and the principal. The study's findings show that federal mandates and related state regulations placed unrealistic, unfair and unreasonable demands on students, teachers and the school. Staff often felt as if we were riding on a rollercoaster. Massachusetts' rating of "High" and "Very High" performance on the state test contrasted with the NCLB school report cards that labeled the school as in need of "improvement," "corrective action," and eventually "restructuring" because of the failure of special education or low income students to meet constantly rising targets. NCLB's and RTTT's requirements caused the school to prioritize courses providing remediation in tested subjects--English language arts and mathematics--reducing the availability of related arts classes and thereby narrowing the curriculum. The school's obsessive focus on the annual state tests produced an atmosphere of anxiety for all stakeholders. Unwanted changes in the school culture eventually generated a schoolwide movement to resist the obsession with testing, reduce anxiety and expand interdisciplinary learning. The study concludes with recommendations for further research of the effects of federal mandates on "good" schools across the US. It recommends that policymakers recognize that "one size fits all" school reform is detrimental to public schools and calls for the recognition of local knowledge in the making of policy. A further recommendation encourages school leaders to study their own practice, becoming practitioner researchers for the benefit of their schools
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
9
Madeira, Fabio Lopes. „Características dos tributos diferidos nas companhias abertas brasileiras após a adoção das IFRS“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8378.
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Esta pesquisa investigou as motivações econômicas que explicam o nível de reconhecimento dos tributos diferidos sobre o lucro nas companhias abertas brasileiras no período inicial de adoção das IFRS no Brasil e da vigência obrigatória do Regime Tributário de Transição. Foram selecionadas companhias abertas não financeiras brasileiras componentes no índice IBrX 100, sendo identificadas 68 companhias nos anos de 2010 à 2013 compreendendo assim 272 observações. A análise descritiva dos dados evidenciou que o montante dos passivos fiscais diferidos foi superior ao montante dos ativos fiscais diferidos em todos os anos pesquisados, situação esta que contrata com o cenário pré-IFRS onde existiam menos passivos fiscais diferidos devido às reduzidas opções de exclusões temporárias, e que os ativos fiscais diferidos são majoritariamente oriundos de diferenças temporárias, porém ocorrendo um crescimento maior dos créditos fiscais referentes a prejuízos fiscais no período combinado com uma evolução maior dos ativos fiscais totais do que dos passivos fiscais diferidos. Por meio da análise multivariada de regressão múltipla com dados em painel foi possível constatar que: (i) não há relacionamento significativo entre o reconhecimento de tributos diferidos e o endividamento da empresa, isto é, não existe evidência que as companhias utilizem os tributos diferidos com a finalidade de influenciar o nível de endividamento, apesar da possibilidade de quebra de covenants e, consequentemente, aumento de seu risco de crédito, (ii) as maiores empresas tendem a registrar um valor menor de ativos fiscais diferidos líquidos de forma a reduzir seus lucros e divulgar sua sobretaxação a fim de reduzir sua exposição pública, e (iii) as empresas menos lucrativas são propensas a reconhecer um montante maior de ativos fiscais diferidos líquidos para, presumivelmente, atenuar o baixo resultado da empresa e com isso mascarar o seu fraco desempenho, e também, por outro lado, as companhias que possuem maior rentabilidade tendem a registrar valores menores de ativos fiscais diferidos líquidos no sentido de reduzir o lucro, e com isso, diminuir seus custos políticos. Assim, os resultados obtidos sugerem que as empresas utilizam a discricionariedade proporcionada pela regulação contábil dos tributos diferidos para atingir seus objetivos e demandas, no sentido de reduzir sua exposição pública e melhorar sua rentabilidade.This research investigated the economic motivations that explain the level of recognition of deferred income taxes in the Brazilian companies during initial adoption of IFRS in Brazil and the mandatory term of the Transitional Tax Regime. Non-financial public companies were selected in the index IBrX 100, 68 companies were identified from 2010 to 2013 comprising 272 observations. The descriptive analysis of the data indicated that the amount of deferred tax liabilities was greater than the amount of deferred tax assets in all years studied, a situation that contracts with the pre-IFRS scenario where there were fewer deferred tax liabilities due to reduced options of temporary exclusions and that the deferred tax assets are mainly arising from temporary differences, however there was further growth of tax credits related to tax losses in the period combined with a greater increase in total tax assets than deferred tax liabilities. In the multivariate multiple regression analysis with panel data it was found that: (i) there is no significant relationship between the recognition of deferred taxes and the debts of the Company, that is, there is no evidence that companies use deferred taxes for the purpose of influencing the level of debt, despite the possibility of covenants be broken and, consequently, increase its credit risk, (ii) larger firms tend to register a lower value of net deferred tax assets to reduce their profits and disclose their overcharge in order to reduce public exposure, and (iii) the least profitable firms are likely to recognize a greater amount of net deferred tax assets for presumably mitigate the low result of the company and thus mask their poor performance and also, on the other hand, companies that have higher profitability tend to register lower values of net deferred tax assets to reduce profit, and thus, lower their political costs. Thus, the results suggest that companies use discretion provided by the accounting regulation of deferred taxes to achieve their goals and demands, to reduce public exposure and improve its profitability.
10
Ingr, Michal. „Geolokace stanic v síti Internet“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218878.
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This master thesis deals with methods of stations’ geolocation on the Internet, it means the estimation geographic location of unknown station, which is conected to this network. The introductory part describes the methods for determining position, which don‘t need any measeruments of the network. The next section is devoted to points, where delay is invoked, to the causes of latency in the Internet, to their types and some usual values. The following part features ways to measure delays and route, including several tools for this purpose. The penulminate section describes some chosen geolocation techniques based on RTT measurement. The final chapter is devoted to practical demonstration geolocation using the CBG method, when the delay measurement was carried out in an experimental PlanetLab network.
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Mello, Helio Rieger de. „Lucros contábil e fiscal: efeitos do regime tributário de transição - RTT“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-23112011-193031/.
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A Lei nº 11.638/07 iniciou a convergência da contabilidade brasileira para as normas internacionais do IASB. A MP 449/08, a Lei nº 11.941/09 e os órgãos de regulação contábil continuaram essa adequação, promovendo, entre outras, duas relevantes modificações: i) a definitiva separação entre a contabilidade societária e a tributária; e ii) a implementação da ampla hegemonia da essência sobre a forma - dito de outro modo, a prevalência da visão econômica na contabilidade financeira -, enquanto se manteve na contabilidade fiscal, majoritariamente, a predominância da perspectiva civil, que de forma inversa, privilegia a forma. Como é sabido, apesar de a contabilidade tributária partir da societária, as regras da primeira se assentam na legislação que normatiza sua matéria, enquanto a contabilidade societária segue o Pronunciamento Conceitual Básico da Contabilidade. E o lucro, uma das mais importantes concepções formuladas pela contabilidade, é adotado pelo Fisco Federal como base de cálculo do IRPJ e da CSLL. Como os efeitos das novas regras contábeis causariam impacto positivo, nulo ou negativo no lucro tributário, a partir de 2008, foi instituído o Regime Tributário de Transição-RTT, com o objetivo de neutralizar-se todos os novos critérios de reconhecimento de receitas, despesas ou custos. As empresas ainda puderam, no biênio 2008-2009, optar ou não por esse novo regime, mas, a partir de 2010, sua adoção se tornou obrigatória. Entretanto, tratou-se de decisão difícil, principalmente, porque o prazo original era até 16/10/2009, quando o último trimestre ainda não estava encerrado e, também, pela insegurança na interpretação das novas normas contábeis e dos seus efeitos na legislação fiscal. Posteriormente, em 13/04/2010, a IN RFB nº 1.023/10 reabriu o prazo para opção, sanando-se, assim, a primeira instabilidade, e, igualmente, confirmando-se a hipótese da necessidade de sua edição, pois o número de retificações da DIPJ de 2008 girou em torno de 39%, superior, portanto, ao realizado em 2007. Mas dessas alterações, apenas 973 empresas modificaram a opção - de não para sim - pelo RTT. A partir da comparação dos períodos 2008-2009 (anos com adoção de nove novas regras contábeis) com 2005-2007 foram apurados os valores de cinco variáveis, quais sejam, receita e lucro brutos, lucros fiscal e contábil e a diferença entre os dois últimos. A amostra pesquisada foi composta por 69.712 empresas de lucro real que não optaram pelo RTT e representou 73% desses contribuintes e 48% de todas as empresas de lucro real no ano-base 2008. É relevante estudar os efeitos dessas novas regras nas empresas não optantes por esse regime, entre os quais se incluem a consideração dos resultados das novas regras contábeis sob um enfoque econômico no lucro tributário. Essa pesquisa constituirá fonte de subsídios para possíveis alterações na legislação fiscal. Em princípio, uma empresa não optaria por esse regime se incorresse em maiores despesas e custos em comparação com as receitas - todas decorrentes das novas regras contábeis -, pois, assim, teria uma redução do IRPJ e da CSLL a pagar. Foram levantados indícios nesse sentido, baseados no fato de o lucro fiscal ter variado menos do que a receita e lucro brutos, entre os períodos 2008-2009 e 2005-2007. Os resultados obtidos pela investigação também foram discriminados pelos quatro setores: agricultura, comércio, indústria e serviços. Entretanto, alimenta-se a expectativa de que novos estudos investiguem de forma mais profunda para confirmar essa questão anterior.Law 11.638/07 represents the beginning of convergence of Brazilian accounting practices towards international standards established by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Provisional Measure 449/08, Law 11.941/09 and accounting regulatory bodies furthered this adjustment process by introducing significant changes, such as: i) complete separation between corporate accounting and tax accounting, and ii) implementation of the principle of essence over form - in other words, the prevalence of an economic outlook on financial accounting - whereas a civil stance was adopted mostly for tax accounting, which conversely focuses on form. Although tax accounting steams from corporate accounting, as commonly known, the former is governed by the legislation that regulates its matter, while the latter complies with the Statement of Basic Accounting. Profit, one of the crucial concepts postulated by accounting, is adopted by the Federal Treasury as the basis for calculating the company income tax (IRPJ) and social contribution on net profit (CLSS). As the new accounting rules would have a positive, null or negative impact on taxable income, the Transition Tax Regime (RTT) was established as of 2008. The aim was to neutralize all new criteria for recognizing revenues, expenses or costs. Companies had the option to adopt this new regime or not along 2008-2009, however, adoption became mandatory as of 2010. Nevertheless, companies found it difficult to carry the process through due to the original term, which expired on October 16th, 2009, before the end of the last quarter, and issues concerning the interpretation of the new accounting standards and their effects on tax legislation. Thereafter, on April 13th, 2010, Normative Instruction 1.023/10 extended the initial deadline, which solved the first issue, and also confirmed the need for its enactment, as the number of amendments to DIPJ (Statement of Economic and Tax Information) in 2008 was nearly 39%, a number greater than in 2007. However from these amendments, only 973 companies decided to adopt the RTT. By comparing the period of 2008-2009 (when nine new accounting rules were introduced) to that of 2005-2007, the value of five variables was obtained, namely, taxable income, accounting income, the difference between them, gross revenue and gross profit. The study sample consisted of 69,712 taxable income companies that did not opt for the RTT and represented 73% of these taxpayers and 48% of all taxable income companies in the base year 2008. It is relevant to study the impacts the new rules have on companies that did not opt for this system, including the results of new accounting rules under an economic approach to taxable income. This research will provide subsidies for possible changes in tax legislation. In principle, a company would not opt for this regime if it could incur higher expenses and costs compared to revenues - all arising from new accounting rules - since that would reduce IRPJ and CSLL payables. Evidence of that was found based on the fact that taxable income varied less than gross revenue and profit between 2008-2009 and 2005-2007. The outcomes of this research were broken down into four sectors: agriculture, commerce, industry and services. We expect, however, that new studies investigate this matter more thoroughly to confirm this finding.
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Spaniol, Douglas E. „The F major bassoon concerto (RTT Schacht 30) of Theodor Von Schacht (1748-1823) /“. The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949836204228.
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Němeček, Ladislav. „Odhad geografické polohy stanic v Internetu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220644.
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This paper deals with methods of stations’ IP geolocation. It’s describes the methods of passive and active geolocation and it’s more focused on active searching methods, which usees measuring the latency in network. The factors causing delays in data transfer are discussed first, followed by discussion of the issue of measuring these delays. After that a brief description of PlanetLab experimental network, which nodes were used for delay measurment. Main topic is practical implementation of method Constraint-based Geolocation in Java programming language. Last but not least the measurement results of CBG algorithm are tested.
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Balej, Jiří. „Aktivní IP geolokace pro verifikaci pozic stanic v Internetu“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-364608.
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Dissertation thesis deals with methods for finding the location of the device in the Internet, based on knowledge of the IP address. The process is called IP geolocation and is currently solved by geolocation databases or by measurement of network properties to the IP address. The disadvantage of nowadays geolocation databases is an incorrect information about some locations, because they can be in large distance from correct position. The aim of the thesis is to develop a method for verification of a position from geolocation database using delay measurement. Because of it, there is a detail analysis of influence of partial delays on the distance estimation accuracy, calculated using measured delay between the landmark and the target IP address. For the same reason, long-term delay measurement was performed, where the IP geolocation accuracy was compared using calibration data from previous measurements. On this background, Cable Length Based Geolocalisation (CLBG) method is proposed. Principle of this method is built on the properties of partial delays, which depend on the length of transport media. Firstly, the method measures round trip time (rtt), which is subsequently lowered by intermediate devices and end stations delay. The geographical distance is estimated using signal speed in the transport media. Further, the winding media parameter is established, which is used to determine a constraint around the landmark. The intersection of all constraints defines the area, where the target IP is. The IP geolocation using CLBG gives better results than simpler methods (ShortestPing, GeoPing and SOI), in comparison with more advanced methods (CBG and Octant) the accuracy is similar. The disadvantage of the CLBG method is the size of region, where the target lies, but this is due to its purpose. The position found in geolocation database can be checked by evaluation if it lies in the region.
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Al-Omari, Huthaifa Abdelhameed. „Analysis and Modeling of One-Way Network Delay Variations“. Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1244058771.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009Title from PDF (viewed on 19 August 2009) Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Teles, Samara Alves Sá. „Caracterização in silico,expressão e purificação da proteína recombinante rTt-MIF do Trichuris trichiura e avaliação, in vitro do seu possível efeito imunomodulador sobre células monomorfonucleares de sangue periférico humanas“. Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2016. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/23422.
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Com o aumento da prevalência de doenças inflamatórias, em especial as alérgicas, a busca por estratégias terapêuticas visando à melhoria de vida dos indivíduos doentes tornou-se um vasto campo de pesquisa. Neste âmbito, o uso de helmintos e derivados que possuem potencial imunomodulatório tem se mostrado eficiente na inibição da inflamação em modelos experimentais dessas doenças. Objetivo: Produzir e analisar, in silico, o antígeno recombinante do Trichuris trichiura homólogo ao fator inibidor de migração de macrófagos (rTt-MIF) e avaliar seu efeito em cultura de células monomorfonucleares de sangue periférico (CMSP) de indivíduos atópicos e não atópicos. Métodos: A análise in silico da proteína foi realizada utilizando diversas ferramentas de bioinformática. A sequência codificadora do antígeno recombinante foi sintetizada e clonada em um plasmídeo de expressão, a partir do qual foi realizada a expressão heteróloga da proteína em sistema procarioto, com posterior purificação por cromatografia de afinidade e determinação do conteúdo proteico e de endotoxina. Após teste cutâneo e dosagem de IgE por ImunoCAP, foram selecionados 12 indivíduos não atópicos e 14 indivíduos atópicos cujo sangue periférico foi coletado para realizar o cultivo de células monomorfonucleares. As células foram cultivadas sob três condições: estímulo do rTt-MIF, meio de cultivo sem estímulo e estimuladas por Pokeweed ou LPS. Após o cultivo, os sobrenadantes foram coletados para realização da dosagem das citocinas IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-5 e IL-17A. Resultados: A molécula caracterizada como estável e solúvel foi produzida, obtida na quantidade de 2,4 mg/mL com 1,9 EU/mL. O rTt-MIF induziu o aumento da produção de IL-10 pelas células dos indivíduos atópicos (P=0,0001) e dos não atópicos (P=0,0005). Em relação às citocinas IFN-γ, IL-5 e IL-17, o rTt-MIF não induziu a produção destas pelas células dos indivíduos atópicos e não atópicos. Conclusão: A ação do rTt-MIF sobre o cultivo de células momonucleares do sangue periférico, de aumentar a produção de IL-10 e não induzir a produção de IFN-γ, IL-5 e IL-17A, mostra o potencial imunomodulador dessa molécula, com possível efeito de reduzir a elevação de eosinófilos, neutrófilos e citocinas inflamatórias.
With the increasing prevalence of inflammatory diseases, in particular allergies, the search for therapeutic strategies aiming to improve life quality of sick individuals has become a vast field of research. In this context, the use of helminths and their derivatives that demonstrate potential immunomodulatory effect has been effective in inhibiting inflammation in experimental models of inflammatory diseases. Objective: To produce and analyze in silico the recombinant antigen from Trichuris trichiura homologous to the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (rTt-MIF) and evaluate its effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells culture (PBMC) of atopic and non-atopic individuals. Methods: Bioinformatics tools made the analysis in silico. The Tt-MIF codifying sequence was synthesized and cloned into a plasmid, allowing the heterologous expression of the protein in a prokaryotic system, with subsequent purification by affinity chromatography and protein and endotoxin quantifications. After prick test and IgE dosage by ImmunoCAP test, 12 non-atopic individuals and 14 atopic individuals were selected, whose peripheral blood were collected to obtain the mononuclear cells (PBMC) for in vitro culture. Cells were stimulated with the rTt-MIF, as negative control cells were cultivated without stimuli and, as positive control, cells were cultivated with Pokeweed or LPS. After the culture, the supernatants were assayed to quantify IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-17A. Results: The protein characterized as soluble and stable was produced and obtained in the amount of 2,4 mg/mL with 1,9 EU/mL. The rTt-MIF induced a stimulatory effect on IL-10 production by cells from atopic individuals (P=0.0001) and by cells from non-atopic individuals (P=0,0005). The rTt-MIF did not induce the production of IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-17A by cells from atopic and non-atopic individuals. Conclusion: The effects of rTt-MIF increasing IL-10 production and not inducing the production of IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-17A on human PBMC cultures are indicative of its immunomodulatory potential, with possible effect of decreasing eosinophilic and neutrophilic presence and inducing immune regulation.
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Watkins, Sharon E. „Thinking Outside a Shifting Box: The Lived Experiences of Innovative Public High School Principals in an Era of High Stakes Accountability“. The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480504598892723.
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Khanafer, Rana. „Qos, Classification et Contrôle d'admission des flux TCP“. Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001284.
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De nombreux développements sont actuellement en cours dans le réseau Internet, particulièrement sur la gestion de la QoS et sur l'intégration des différents services. Les aspects portant sur l'amélioration des performances des flux élastiques ont été quelque peu négligés par la communauté scientifique. Le travail effectué porte sur l'évaluation et l'amélioration des performances des flux élastiques. Plus exactement, nos études mettent en avant l'importance d'assurer une bonne qualité de service à ce type de trafic. Deux architectures de QoS ont été proposées. La première architecture est basée sur la classification et le contrôle d'admission appliqués sur les deux types de flux TCP: courts et longs. La classification des flux nous permet d'avoir un système plus prévisible et plus facile à dimensionner puisque les flux d'un agrégat parviennent à partager équitablement la bande passante qui leur est allouée au sein d'une même classe. Le contrôle d'admission prend en compte la caractérisation en flux longs et flux courts ainsi que les contraintes de QoS propres à chaque type de flux. Un modèle analytique ainsi que des simulations ont été réalisés afin d'évaluer les avantages de l'architecture proposée et d'analyser l'impact des seuils d'admission. Il est important de signaler que, outre l'amélioration des performances dans les cas étudiés, l'approche proposée fournit un outil de dimensionnement du réseau permettant d'atteindre, pour une structure de trafic donnée, les mesures de performances attendues. La deuxième architecture est basée sur le traitement préférentiel. Ce dernier est appliqué aux premiers paquets de chaque connexion favorisant ainsi les connexions courtes. Nous comptons sur l'architecture DiffServ pour classifier les flux aux bordures d'un réseau. Plus spécifiquement, nous maintenons la longueur (en paquets) de chaque flux actif aux routeurs de bordures et l'employons pour classifier les paquets entrants. Cette architecture a la particularité de ne pas nécessiter le maintien en mémoire d'un état par flux au coeur du réseau. Dans ce dernier, nous utilisons la politique de gestion de file d'attente RED avec des seuils différents pour les deux types de classes. Ceci nous permet de réduire le taux de pertes éprouvé par les paquets des flux courts. Nous montrons, à travers des analyses et des simulations que notre modèle peut réaliser une meilleure équité et un temps de réponse plus petit pour les flux courts que les modèles sans traitement préférentiel.
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Ciurana, Adell Marc. „Contributions to TOA-based location with wlan“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/77902.
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Location techniques that satisfy the requirements of advanced Location-Based Services (LBS) in environments where GPS fails are needed, therefore accurate indoor positioning is becoming increasingly important. This PhD Thesis is devoted to the research on location of mobile devices employing WLAN (IEEE 802.11). The use of this kind of wireless networks infrastructures for positioning enables a powerful synergy between communications and location and allows solutions with good performances at moderated costs. However the adopted WLAN location methods suffer from important limitations that prevents from applying them to some fields that need more flexible and robust solutions. The main objective of this PhD is exploring precise WLAN location methods that allow overcoming these limitations. The researched methods here are based on measuring the Time Of Arrival (TOA), which is the time that takes the signal propagating from the transmitter to the receiver. TOA-based location works in two stages: ranging and positioning. The ranging consists of estimating the distances between the targeted terminal and several WLAN access points, each distance obtained measuring the TOA and then multiplying it by the speed of the WLAN signal. After that, the positioning takes as inputs the estimated distances and the known coordinates of the involved access points and calculates the position of the terminal by means of a trilateration or tracking algorithm. The key problem is that the characteristics of the IEEE 802.11 protocols difficult to perform accurate TOA measurements. The main challenge that faces the research work reported here is demonstrating the feasibility of achieving this while keeping the modifications over standard WLAN consumer equipment at minimum. The objective of this work can be understood as exploring the current limits of TOA-based methods over WLAN, making contributions that form a complete TOA-based location method that goes a step forward with respect to the other existing proposals. First, research on TOA-based ranging -the key component of TOA-based location methods- is reported. The general adopted approach consists of performing Round Trip Time (RTT) measurements employing IEEE 802.11 MAC frames, taking the maximum advantage of the combination of IEEE 802.11 protocol and WLAN consumer devices mechanisms. After that, the performed research on trilateration/tracking -the second stage of TOA-based location methods- is explained. Finally some performed studies about the achieved location method are presented.
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SignaturaActualment existeix la necessitat de disposar de tècniques de localització que satisfacin els requeriments de serveis avançats basats en localització en entorns on GPS no està disponible, de manera que el posicionament precís en interiors d’edificis és cada vegada més important. Aquesta tesi doctoral està dedicada a la investigació sobre la localització de dispositius mòbils que utilitzen WLAN (IEEE 802.11). L'ús d'aquest tipus de xarxes sense fils per al posicionament permet una profitosa sinèrgia entre les comunicacions i la localització i permet solucions amb un bon rendiment a un cost moderat. No obstant això, els mètodes basats WLAN proposats fins el moment pateixen de limitacions importants que impedeix la seva aplicació a alguns camps que requereixen solucions més flexibles i robustes. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi és explorar mètodes de localització precisa WLAN que permetin superar aquestes limitacions. Els mètodes que s’han investigat durant la tesi es basen en la mesura del time of arrival (TOA), que és el temps que tarda el senyal en propagar-se des del transmissor fins al receptor. En les tècniques de posicionament basades en TOA s’hi poden diferenciar dues fases: ranging i posicionament. El ranging consisteix en l’estimació de distàncies entre el terminal a localitzar i diversos punts d'accés WLAN; cada estimació de distància s’obté mesurant el TOA i multiplicant-lo després per la velocitat de propagació del senyal IEEE 802.11. Un cop fet això, el posicionament pren com a inputs les distàncies estimades per a, conegudes les coordenades dels punts d'accés involucrats, calcular la posició del terminal per mitjà d'un algoritme de tracking o trilateració. El problema clau és que les característiques dels protocols IEEE 802.11 a dia d’avui fan difícil la realització de mesures precises de TOA d’una manera senzilla. El principal repte que afronta el present treball de recerca és demostrar la viabilitat d’això darrer, minimitzant en la major mesura possible les modificacions sobre els equips WLAN comercials. L'objectiu d'aquest treball pot ser entesa com l'exploració dels límits actuals dels mètodes de posicionament basats en TOA sobre WLAN, realitzant contribucions que conformen un mètode complet de localització basat en TOA que pretén anar un pas endavant respecte a les propostes existents. En primer lloc, la investigació sobre ranging basat en TOA -el component clau dels mètode de localització TOA- és explicada en detall. El mètode general adoptat per a calcular el TOA consisteix en la mesura del temps d'anada i tornada del senyal, round trip time (RTT), utilitzant trames MAC IEEE 802.11 per tal de treure el màxim profit de la combinació del protocol IEEE 802.11 i els mecanismes dels dispositius WLAN comercials. Després d'això, es detalla la investigació realitzada sobre trilateració i tracking, la segona etapa dels mètodes de localització basats en TOA. Finalment es descriuen alguns estudis realitzats sobre les prestacions, possibles millores i encaix en futurs estàndars del mètode de localització explorat.
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Exler, Michal. „Lokalizace stanic v Internetu pomocí systému King“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218842.
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This thesis is focus on problematics of nodes localization in Internet. There are describe methods for prediction latency by using artificial coordinates systems and by using direct measurement. This thesis is primarily focus on method names King, which is estimates latency between arbitrary end hosts by using recursive DNS queries in system for translate domain name.
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Deedat, Raees. „Lessons learnt from a private sector business pilot targeting the primary healthcare needs of poor South Africans : the case of RTT Unjani Clinics“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95693.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.Railit Total Transportation (RTT) is a multinational corporation whose core business is to be a logistics and distribution partner to other multinational corporations. Many of RTT’s key clientele are in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry, with various key relationships and networks being developed over many years of operation. RTT set the trend by becoming one of the first large South African companies to participate in and profit from the rest of the African continent at a time when it was not popular to do so. On a similar motivation, the current CEO of the RTT Group, Dr Iain Barton, believes that it is a strategic imperative to participate in the Base of the economic Pyramid (BoP), both for economic and developmental reasons. The BoP is not a new market, but recent interest in its potential profitability has being sparked in the business community by the works of management gurus such as the late C.K. Prahalad and the current sustainability champion Stuart Hart. This dissertation presents a case study that will analyse the phenomenon of developing a business model that targets the primary healthcare (PHC) needs of poor South Africans. This study will also extract lessons learnt from the case study in the context of existing BoP theory, primary healthcare in South Africa, and a similar initiative implemented in Kenya in the form of the Child and Family Wellness Clinics (CFW). The case study presents the reader with the pilot phase of RTT’s Unjani Clinic project, and contrasts the findings and lessons learnt from the two main pilot sites in Johannesburg’s Etwatwa and Wattville peri-urban BoP communities. This study also explores a smaller business model concept among Cape Town’s informal traders, also known as spaza shops. The data collection for the case study was undertaken in the qualitative research methodological format with a comprehensive set of interviews that aimed to triangulate the views of management, operational staff, community participants and patient participants. The strength of the case study findings is enhanced by the inclusion of comprehensive case study data, which includes verbatim transcripts of all interview participants and focus group participants. The database can be found at the end of this research report. Many lessons emerged that were both expected and unexpected, with three major themes coming to the fore: • The strategic funding of Unjani, within the dichotomy of profit and non-profit hybrid models • Challenges in achieving operational scale and efficiencies within the BoP • Marketing the value proposition to the BoP. RTT’s management has already begun to implement many of the lessons that have emerged. This includes the marketing mix that requires greater appreciation at a detailed ethnographic level of the dynamics of non-traditional BoP markets. The research report also provides other recommendations to stimulate demand in BoP markets as well as suggestions for the ideal funding and business partners to move this project forward. This research is unique in exploring the challenges of business model development specifically to service the healthcare needs of poor South Africans, and to contribute a small but significant part in the broader understanding of doing business in the South African BoP.
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CARBONE, Thiago Sávio. „Análise estátistica das variavéis aleatórias: RTT (Round-Trip Time), tempo de processamento no Stub e tempo de processamento no Skeleton do Middleware CORBA“. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2005. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2769.
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Previous issue date: 2005O paradigma cliente-servidor tem sido usado na construção de aplicações para sistemas distribuídos. Adicionalmente, como os componentes implementados, usando-se de diferentes tecnologias, precisam interagir de forma colaborativa, isto torna os sistemas cliente-servidor heterogêneos; cabe então ao middleware prover, eficientemente, a interoperabilidade em tais sistemas. Este fato originou o surgimento de trabalhos de pesquisa na busca de uma modelagem matemática para analisar o comportamento de variáveis aleatórias presentes na comunicação cliente-servidor. Este trabalho apresenta, inicialmente, a análise estatística das variáveis RTT, T1 (tempo de processamento no stub) e T3 (tempo de processamento no skeleton). A seguir também é estudada a variável RTT utilizando o tipo primitivo char. Os resultados obtidos com o experimento mostraram que (i) o número de clientes e RTT são grandezas diretamente proporcionais, isto é, a medida que o número de clientes aumenta RTT também aumenta; (ii) a maior parte do tempo de processamento de RTT é gasto no tempo de processamento no stub. Constatou-se então que RTT e o tempo de processamento no stub são estatisticamente os mesmos; (iii) as variações do número de requisições (N) influenciam em RTT; (iv) RTT aumentou significativamente quando o tipo primitivo foi apenas char variando o tamanho da requisição
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Kopeček, Tomáš. „Nalezení fyzické pozice stanice v síti Internet“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218230.
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In this thesis I focus on finding the position of computers on the Internet. This need for locating computers originated in the last several years through the creation of overlay networks. For this activity there are many algorithms. This paper describes the King method that estimated the distance between communicating stations by using the domain name system. The aim of this work is to verify the accuracy of the King method in experimental PlanetLab network. This network provides access for more than 1000 stations worldwide.
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Wadeson, Nicola Lisa. „Modelling and correction of scatter in a switched source multi-ring detector X-ray CT machine“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-and-correction-of-scatter-in-a-switched-source-multiring-detector-xray-ct-machine(a6700209-0eef-47d8-9ff0-1fa5e7bb67c5).html.
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The RTT80 cone beam x-ray computed tomography system, developed by Rapiscan Systems Ltd, uses switched x-ray sources and fixed offset detector rings to remove the time consuming mechanical rotations of earlier imaging systems. This system produces three-dimensional images in real time. A Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation has been developed to investigate scattered radiation in the uncollimated detector machine, showing high levels of scatter behind highly attenuating objects. A new scatter correction method is proposed which estimates scatter to each detector, in each projection, from 1cm³ voxels of the computerised object. The scatter distributions from different materials are pre-determined using a Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation. The intensity of scatter from each voxel is based on measured data. The method is applied to two simulated test objects, a water box simulated with a monoenergetic input spectrum and a test suitcase simulated with a polyenergetic spectrum. The test suitcase is broken down into separate components to analyse the method further. The results show that the method performs well for low attenuating objects, but the results are sensitive to the intensity values. However, the method provides a good basis for a scatter correction method.
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Handl, Tomáš. „Algoritmus Vivaldi pro nalezení pozice stanice v Internetu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218110.
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Diploma thesis deals with usage of artificial coordinate systems used for localization of a station on the internet and prediction of delay between the stations. There are described and compared basic properties of centralized and decentralized algorithms providing station localization on the internet and RTT prediction. More in depth are presented main representatives of both types of algorithms such as GNP, IDMAPS or Lighthouse. Central part of thesis is aimed at getting to know Vivaldi distributed algorithm. Basic principle of the algorithm for constant and variable time step, using two dimensional coordinate system with 3rd parameter height, is here outlined. Further more implementation of this algorithm as a library Vivaldi-lib in the environment of Java is implemented. Part of the thesis are simulations of behaviour of this algorithm for both variations realized on artificial networks and data obtained from PlanetLab experimental network, using simulation created program VIVALDIMONITOR.
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Buffier-Morel, Martine. „Le temps des femmes et des hommes : un point de vue reliant le travail et le hors travail, dans le contexte de la RTT“. Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010503.
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La thèse à partir d'une approche anthropologique du salariat, étudie la construction du temps des femmes et des hommes entre travail et hors travail. En s'inscrivant dans le paradigme propre à Gurvitch, d'une articulation des temps selon le seul principe possible d'une hiérarchisation, elle soumet l'interface travail/famille à un questionnement des effets sociaux des politiques. La montée des politiques temporelles conjuguée au renforcement de la légitimité du référentiel égalitaire de genre dans l'action publique, a engendré une production normative qui est interrogée sur les vingt dernières années. Le point de vue considère que les politiques d'égalité professionnelle, en associant le seul temps plein au " bon modèle " de cumul emploi/famille, ont produit une norme d'activité exigeante, potentiellement discriminante. Une comparaison européenne sert à éclairer le cas français. Le niveau de l'entreprise introduit l'interdépendance entre temps publics et temps privés
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Öst, Albert. „Evaluating LoRa and WiFi Jamming“. Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-33907.
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Internet of Things changes our world with everything we have around us, our everyday things will be connected to the Internet. According to experts, in two years there will be up to 29 billion devices connected to the Internet. With all of the information that is produced it is important to keep the communication secure, otherwise there can be serious problems in the future. Therefore the objective with this study has been to investigate the area of jamming attacks on wireless communication for Internet of Things, more specifically on LoRa and WiFi technologies. This was made by a literature study to research about Internet of Things, the industrial side of it, the two communication technologies and wireless jamming of them. Additionally to this a small scale test bed system consisting of two LoRa nodes (an Arduino and a LoRa gateway), two WiFi nodes (a laptop and router) and a software defined radio frequency jammer (a HackRF One) were set up. Jamming was performed on the system and evaluated form the perspective of a typical industrial Internet of Things scenario. The testing on the system was done by measuring the received signal strength index, round trip time for a message and packet losses. The study showed that the WiFi communication broke down completely while the LoRa communication stood strong up to the jammer. This concluded that LoRa communication is secure for a typical Internet of Things scenario, from this particular jamming device, or a similar one.
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Aaro, Gustav. „Smartphone Based Indoor Positioning Using Wi-Fi Round Trip Time and IMU Sensors“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166340.
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While GPS long has been an industry standard for localization of an entity or person anywhere in the world, it loses much of its accuracy and value when used indoors. To enable services such as indoor navigation, other methods must be used. A new standard of the Wi-Fi protocol, IEEE 802.11mc (Wi-Fi RTT), enables distance estimation between the transmitter and the receiver based on the Round-Trip Time (RTT) delay of the signal. Using these distance estimations and the known locations of the transmitting Access Points (APs), an estimation of the receiver’s location can be determined. In this thesis, a smartphone Wi-Fi RTT based Indoor Positioning System (IPS) is presented using an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). The UKF using only RTT based distance estimations as input, is established as a baseline implementation. Two extensions are then presented to improve the positioning performance; 1) a dead reckoning algorithm using smartphone sensors part of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) as an additional input to the UKF, and 2) a method to detect and adjust distance measurements that have been made in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) conditions. The implemented IPS is evaluated in an office environment in both favorable situations (plenty of Line-of-Sight conditions) and sub-optimal situations (dominant NLoS conditions). Using both extensions, meter level accuracy is achieved in both cases as well as a 90th percentile error of less than 2 meters.
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Mohamed, Nahla. „Molecular Diagnosis of Common Viral Infectious Diseases Based on Real-Time PCR“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7118.
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LINHARES, André Guedes. „Performance measurements and analysis of bluetooth low energy“. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19520.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has been rapidly gaining ground in the academic and industry communities as one of the most important emerging technologies. Some wireless communication technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) have been pointed as key technologies that will drive IoT applications. In order to leverage the BLE technology in IoT applications and identify the niche of applications this technology is more suitable, it is essential we have a deep understanding regarding some features such as link capacity, data transfer delay, connection establishment latency, and power consumption. This work evaluates the networking capabilities from BLE in scenarios of data transfer and connection establishment. The metrics maximum throughput, one-way delay, round-trip time, and connection establishment latency are evaluated through experimental measurements and we investigate how some factors (e.g. connection interval, pairing, packet size) impact on these metrics. Finally, this work proposes analytical models for the metrics investigated.
O paradigma da Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT) tem recebido grande destaque tanto das comunidades científicas como da indústria nos últimos anos. Algumas tecnologias de comunicação sem fio como Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) tem sido apontadas como tecnologias que terão um papel fundamental na concepção de aplicativos de IoT. Um entendimento profundo de algumas características da tecnologia, como vazão e atraso na transmissão de dados, latência no estabelecimento de conexão e consumo de energia, é essencial para explorar ao máximo a tecnologia em cenários de IoT e identificar o nicho de aplicação onde esta tecnologia é mais aplicável. Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação de desempenho da tecnologia BLE em cenários de transmissão de dados e estabelecimento de conexão. As métricas vazão máxima, atraso fim-a-fim, atraso ida-e-volta (Round-Trip Time - RTT) e latência de estabelecimento de conexão são avaliadas através de experimentos. Este trabalho também investiga como alguns fatores, como intervalo de conexão, encriptação de link e tamanho de pacote, impactam nas métricas avaliadas. Por fim, este trabalho apresenta modelos analíticos para as métricas investigadas.
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Goes, Granville Manvel. „Advanced Ethernet Clock Synchronization based on Round Trip Time Protocol“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276780.
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In this master thesis project, a new protocol called the Round Trip Time (RTT) protocol is implemented and verified. It helps determine the Ethernet clock frequency offset between two communicating nodes. The detection of this offset between nodes is a way to reduce the clock synchronization error. Ethernet is the basis on which a large amount of communication takes place in the world. Either it is used for exchanging data from one device to another or to connect devices to the internet. Due to the absence of clocks being exchanged between the various Ethernet communicating nodes, clock phase and frequency offsets can be present which leads to clock de-synchronization between the various nodes and results in lower system throughput. In the telecommunication industry, synchronization error between base stations can lead to lower throughput, performance degradation and packet loss. Also, with the introduction of 5G, stringent requirements will be placed on the clock synchronization errors.Currently, the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is used to detect and correct clock synchronization errors. The PTP implementation reduces the clock synchronization error but it is still quite large. Hence, it is necessary to find a protocol which can work together with the PTP protocol to reduce this error. This thesis will introduce a new way to determine the clock frequency offset between nodes through the implementation of the RTT protocol. Through the course of this project, the clock frequency offset was determined by the RTT protocol. By comparing the expected and the theoretical clock offsets, it was concluded that the two values were very similar. The error between the offsets was in the range of 2.349-15.687 parts per billion (ppb) of the link frequency. Thus, the RTT protocol accurately and precisely determined the clock frequency offset between two Ethernet communicating nodes. This protocol is also extended to determine the clock frequency offset between two nodes transmitting periodic signals. For future works, this protocol can be combined with the PTP protocol and a way to determine the clock phase offset will be investigated.I detta examensarbete implementerades och verifierades ett nytt protokoll, kallat Round Trip Time (RTT)-protokollet, som hjälper till att bestämma Ethernets klockfrekvensförskjutning mellan två kommunicerande noder. Denna fastställda förskjutning mellan de två noderna är ett sätt att reducera klocksynkroniseringsfelet. Ethernet är grunden i en stor del av dagens kommunikation i världen. Antingen används det för informationsutbyte mellan två enheter, eller för att ansluta till internet. Då det saknas ett utbyte av referensklocka mellan de olika kommunikationsnoderna på Ethernet, kan det uppstå klockfasoch frekvensförskjutning som leder till att klockan desynkroniseras mellan de olika noderna och därmed ger ett minskat dataflöde. I telekommunikationsindustrin kan ett synkronisationsfel mellan basstationer leda till minskat dataflöde, sämre prestanda och paketförlust. I och med introduktionen av 5G kommer stränga krav att ställas på klocksynkronisationsfelen.För närvarande används Precision Time Protocol (PTP) för att upptäcka och korrigera klocksynkroniseringsfelen. Implementationen av PTP reducerar klocksynkroniseringsfelet, men det är fortfarande relativt stort. Därav är det nödvändigt att hitta ett protokoll som kan arbeta tillsammans med PTP för att reducera detta fel. Detta arbete kommer att introducera ett nytt sätt att bestämma klockfrekvensförskjutningen genom implementation av RTT-protokollet. I detta arbete bestämdes klockfrekvensförskjutningen av RTT-protokollet. Genom att jämföra det förväntade och faktiska värdet på klockförskjutningen kunde slutsatsen dras att de två värdena var väldigt lika. Felet var i storleksordningen av 2,349-15,687 parts per billion (ppb) i linkfrekvensen. Således bestämmer RTT-protokollet korrekt och exakt klockfrekvensförskjutningen mellan de två kommunikationsnoderna i Ethernet. Protokollet utökas också för att bestämma klockfrekvensförskjutningen mellan två noder som sänder en periodisk signal. För framtida arbete kan detta protokoll kombineras med PTP-protokollet, och det ska även undersökas ett sätt för att bestämma klockfasförskjutningen.
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Elfaitouri, Amal. „Development of Real-Time PCR Based Methods for Detection of Viruses and Virus Antibodies“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7320.
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Cantrell, Martha Ely. „TCAP Scores and Per Pupil Expenditures: Statewide Changes Before and After Tennessee’s First to the Top Act“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1779.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the changes in Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program (TCAP) scores and the changes in Per Pupil Expenditures (PPE) after the enactment of First to the Top Act of 2010 and the receipt of $501,000,000 in federal Race to the Top (RTTT) grant monies. Half of that money was retained by Tennessee Department of Education (TDOE) for education reform initiatives. The other half was awarded to each Local Education Agency (LEA) according to the Title I formula after TDOE approval of individual Scopes of Work. Reform initiatives included transition to Common Core State Standards, changes to standardized testing, teacher evaluation system reflecting teacher effect partly based on student achievement, changes to tenure, and establishment of an Achievement School District for low-performing schools. Fast-paced reforms and increasing accountability for student achievement and gap closure brought a climate of pressure and tension.
Secondary data were readily available on the Tennessee Report Card from TDOE’s website (www.tn.gov/education). Data from each LEA were collected, organized, and analyzed in the areas of PPE; TCAP scores in math, reading/language arts, and science for 2010, 2011, and 2012; and student population.
No significant relationships were found between the changes in PPE and the changes in TCAP scores. Significant differences were found between the math scores for Year 1 and Year 2. No significant differences were found between the reading/language arts scores for Year 1. A significant difference was found between the reading/language arts scores from 2010 to 2012. Significant differences were found for the science scores for both time periods; however, Year 1 science scores fell while 2010 to 2012 science scores rose. Mixed results were found when investigating the relationship between PPE and number of students.
This study indicates the importance of careful discussions of how school funds are spent, perhaps even more than how much money is spent. Implications for further study might include qualitative investigations of the perceptions of stakeholders at all levels about the climate during the fast-paced reforms. Further study of data for Years 3 and 4 of the grant is also recommended.
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Švéda, Jaroslav. „Nalezení pozice stanic v Internetu pomocí umělých souřadnicových systémů“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218001.
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This thesis deals with predicting the latency between two network nodes, such as the two stations, two servers or server and station. The main reason for adoption of effective latency prediction techniques is the elimination of network load caused by unnecessary repeated transmissios or by direct measurement of the latency. Of the many proposed methods of latency estimation, this thesis is focused on methods using artificial coordinate systems with primary focus on the Vivaldi algorithm. Characteristics of the latency prediction methods and properties of various coordinate systems used in practice are evaluated. The issue of the number of dimensions of space defined only by the latency matrix between nodes is also mentioned. Furthermore, some other systems, based on logical clustering of nearby nodes, are mentioned. Description of simulation software VivaldiMonitor developed as part of the thesis is included. The primary purpose is analysis of the behavior of overlay networks implementing Vivaldi algorithm with less than a few hundred nodes. The Vivaldi algorithm is assessed by several simulations carried out using the aforementioned software.
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Horák, Michael. „Určení polohy stanic v síti Internet pomocí přenosového zpoždění“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220305.
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This thesis covers the topic of determination of geographical location of a host in internet network while utilizing measurement of the end to end delay and implementation of Constraint-Based Geolocation. Gradually I go through issue of the delay in computer networks and ways how to measure it. Next chapter describes a few ways to geolocate host in internet network with emphasis on the CBG method. Another chapter is dedicated to describing a way to project spherical coordinates to the two dimensional space, which has been used in implementation of geolocation method. Chapter about implementation builds upon the facts given in previous chapters while functions of the program written in the JAVA programing language are being explained. Two similar geolocation methods were implemented. By comparing the results gained by implementation, new method of geolocation is proposed and devised. It combines properities of both previous methods. There are results of the implemented methods and their comparation to the one of the source documents used in creation of this thesis in summary section.
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Nensén, Mattias, und Henrik Hedlund. „Nätverkets och användarens påverkan på latens i en Virtual Desktop-miljö“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap (DV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44832.
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I en värld där kraven på flexibilitet, säkerhet och hårdvaruoptimering är nyckelfaktorer när det kommer till att välja IT-miljöer för företag blir virtuella skrivbord mer och mer poulära. Med dessa miljöer finns det också problem när det kommer till användarupplevelsen om nätverket ifråga inte kan uppfylla de krav som ett sådant system ställer. I detta arbete undersöks implikationerna vissa nätverksvariabler kan ha för en Virtual Desktop-infrastruktur, VDI. För att belysa dessa problem har två tester utförts på en VDI miljö. Det första testet gick ut på att mäta latensen då skrivbordsmiljön renderades för klienten från virtualiseringsservern vid olika nätverksdiamterar. Det andra testet gick ut på att mäta samma latens vid olika nätverksbelasting på anslutningen mellan klienten och virtualiseringsservern. När det blev tydligt att nyckelfaktorn var nätverksbelastningen skapades ett test för att undersöka klientens möjlighet till påverkan av bandbredden. Överföringen av data till användarens lokala skrivbord som i förlängningen huseras på virtualiseringsservern tog upp hela bandbredden och lämnade inget för VDI-trafiken och stänger i förlängningen ner hela VDI systemet. Detta löstes genom att implementera Quality Of Service medelst Traffic Policing . Därmed kan användarens möjlighet att nyttja bandbredden till virtualiseringsservern begränsas.In a world where the demand for flexibility, security, and hardware optimization are key factors when it comes to implementing a corporate IT environment Virtual Desktop solutions a gaining more and more ground. With these environments there are also issues when it comes to user experience if the network in question is unable to fulfill the specifications that such an environment requires. We have looked at the implications some network variables might have for a VDI solution. To shed a light on these issues we have conducted two tests in an VDI environment. The first test consisted of measuring the latency at which the desktop on the client was rendered from the virtualization server at different network sizes. The second test was to measure the same latency at different bandwidth loads on the line between the client and the Virtualization Host. As we realised that the key factor was the bandwidth load, we made a test to measure the way a client could influence that bandwidth. We saw that by transferring data to the desktop (i.e. the Virtualization Host) one user could personally take up the whole bandwidth and leave noting for the VDI traffic, rendering it useless. This was solved by implementing Quality of Service in the form of Traffic policing, thus restricting the amount of bandwidth the user could use for file transfers.
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Windish, Daniel. „Central Florida Educational Leaders' Professional Opinions of the Race to the Top Grant Components Concerning Teacher Evaluation and Compensation Prior to Implementation“. Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5577.
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This mixed-methods study was conducted to explore the professional opinions of educational leaders regarding selected components in the Race to the Top (RTTT) grant concerning teacher evaluation and compensation and the potential impact on student achievement. A target university was selected that had students who were professionals in the field of education in either instructional or administrative jobs and were pursuing their doctorates in both Education and Educational Leadership. A researcher created survey and follow-up interview were utilized to gather both quantitative and qualitative data for analysis. Quantitative findings revealed that statistically significant differences in the opinions of educational leaders about the potential impact of the RTTT grant teacher evaluation and compensation components on student achievement existed between two types of professional classification (instructional or administrative). No statistically significant relationship was found between self-reported knowledge of the RTTT and opinions of the fairness of the RTTT teacher evaluation and compensation components. Also, no statistically significant difference was found in the professional opinions about the potential impact of the RTTT grant teacher evaluation and compensation components on student achievement when self-reported school poverty percentage was considered. From qualitative findings, themes emerged surrounding the uncertainty and lack of understanding about the RTTT grant's implementation. Though this study provided baseline data on the opinions of educational leaders on the RTTT teacher evaluation and compensation components, there is still much to be learned about the RTTT grant.Ed.D.
Doctorate
Educational and Human Sciences
Education and Human Performance
Educational Leadership
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Hensley, Melissa Miniard. „Relationships Between Teacher Attendance and Student Scores on the Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program Achievement Test in East Tennessee“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1258.
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This mixed methods study examined relationships between third, fourth, and fifth grade teacher attendance as well as teacher and administrator perceptions of teacher attendance during the 2005-06, 2006-07, and 2007-08 school years. Third, fourth, and fifth grade student test scores on the Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program (TCAP) Achievement test given in the spring of 2006, 2007, and 2008 were also examined. TCAP score data for this study were gathered electronically, with published data from the Tennessee Department of Education. Teacher attendance records were collected using Siesta, a teacher attendance tracking program. Teacher and administrator perceptions were gathered through surveys, interviews, and focus groups.
The population for this study included five K-5 schools and two K-8 schools in a small, rural, public school system in Tennessee. All students in grades 3 through 8 take the TCAP test each spring. Students must take a total of 4 subtests. Quantitative variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics including t tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann Whitney U, and Pearson correlations. Qualitative data including interviews, focus groups, surveys, documents, handbooks, and school calendars were analyzed to better understand teacher and administrator perceptions about teacher absences.
The results of this study were mixed. Teachers and administrators who participated in this study agreed that teacher absences do affect student test scores, but the quantitative data did not support this. The null hypotheses were retained in all courses and grades except third grade Math. This means there was no relationship between teacher absences and student test scores.
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Karakas, Mehmet. „Determination Of Network Delay Distribution Over The Internet“. Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1223155/index.pdf.
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The rapid growth of the Internet and the proliferation of its new applications pose a serious challenge in network performance management and monitoring. The current Internet has no mechanism for providing feedback on network congestion to the end-systems at the IP layer. For applications and their end hosts, end-to-end measurements may be the only way of measuring network performance.
Understanding the packet delay and loss behavior of the Internet is important for proper design of network algorithms such as routing and flow control algorithms, for the dimensioning of buffers and link capacity, and for choosing parameters in simulation and analytic studies.
In this thesis, round trip time (RTT), one-way network delay and packet loss in the Internet are measured at different times of the day, using a Voice over IP (VoIP) device. The effect of clock skew on one-way network delay measurements is eliminated by a Linear Programming algorithm, implemented in MATLAB. Distributions of one-way network delay and RTT in the Internet are determined. It is observed that delay distribution has a gamma-like shape with heavy tail. It is tried to model delay distribution with gamma, lognormal and Weibull distributions. It is observed that most of the packet losses in the Internet are single packet losses. The effect of firewall on delay measurements is also observed.
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Direito, Pedro Miguel Mimoso. „Decomposição da latência por segmento numa rede móvel de banda larga“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12860.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesAs redes 3GPP de banda larga móvel têm vindo disponibilizar velocidades de transmissão cada vez mais elevadas. Com a introdução das modernas redes de 4G/LTE essas velocidades situam-se agora nos 150 Mbps. Ao mesmo tempo, a saturação no número de subscritores e a facilidade com que estes podem mudar de provedor de serviço, fez com que a retenção dos mesmos fosse algo da maior importância para o sucesso financeiro de um operador móvel. A atenção dada à experiência de serviço, em todos os seus quadrantes, indo do humano ao técnico, exigiu aos operadores que tenham forma de sentir, quase em tempo real através de sistemas de garantia de serviço, o alinhamento das expectativas dos clientes com a qualidade que a rede disponibiliza. Um parâmetro de rede que está intimamente associado à qualidade da rede e que não é de todo simples nem directo de medir é a latência introduzida por cada um dos elementos ou troços da rede. A importância deste parâmetro de qualidade de rede tem também vindo a ser reconhecida por departamentos de gestão de topo, como já o era pelos departamentos técnicos. Nesta dissertação explora-se um método que permite ao operador aferir as latências observadas na sua rede, com as suas características únicas de túneis de GTP, utilizando tráfego gerado pelos seus próprios utilizadores, não só de uma forma extremo a extremo (E2E), mas também parcelar. Conseguese assim obter uma visão geral mas também microscópica da rede, o que possibilita identificar segmentos de rede que estejam a ter impacto na qualidade global da rede, degradando a experiência de utilização. A granularidade permitida possibilita lançar luz sobre segmentos de rede de onde não é de todo habitual conseguir-se sentir o seu comportamento, como é o caso dos segmentos de core. A mesma solução irá ainda permitir que os dados recolhidos possam alimentar diversas ferramentas de apoio à decisão, colocando-lhe à disposição uma melhor definição. De forma a validar a arquitectura proposta nesta dissertação, foram realizados diferentes tipos de testes, em redes comerciais europeias, que possibilitaram validar a relevância dos dados recolhidos, tanto a nível técnico como comercial, e alcançar um melhor entendimento sobre a rede e os seus impactos para a experiência do utilizador final.
The 3GPP mobile broadband networks have been delivering every time higher throughputs. With the introduction of the modern 4G/LTE networks, those throughputs reached 150 Mbps. At the same time, with the saturation on the number of mobile subscribers and the simplicity on how they change from service provider, made from the retention of the subscribers extremely important for the financial success of a mobile operator. Due to the attention given to the service experience, in all their quadrants, going from the human to the technical, it demanded from the operators to have a way to feel, almost in real time, by the use of service assurance systems, an alignment of the customer expectations with the quality provided by the network. One network parameter which is deeply related with the quality of service and that is not easily or straightforward to measure is the latency introduced by each of the network segments. The importance of this network quality parameter has been recognized by the top management departments, like it was already by the technical ones. In this thesis we explore an innovative method which allows the operator to assess the latencies seen in his network, with their unique characteristics of GTP tunnels, using traffic generated by their own users, not only in and E2E approach, but also by each network segment. This way, it is possible to obtain a general view, but also microscopic of the network, which allows to identify network segments which are having impact on the overall network quality, degrading the customer experience. The granularity reached allows to cast light over network segments from which it is not usual to get their behavior, as it is the case from the core segments. The same solution will still permit to feed decision support tools with the data collected, allowing them to have an even higher definition. In order to validate the architecture proposed in this thesis, we have run different tests, in European commercial networks, which allowed validating the relevance of the data collected, both technical and commercial, and achieving a better understanding about the network and their impacts to the end-user experience.
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Pospíšil, Petr. „Optimalizace predikce pozice v síti“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217436.
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This work is about position prediction in network, it is focused to find Landmark closest to the Host in the network (with lowest distance vector). The algorithm is based on GNP system. In terms of GNP system simulation was selected method for mathematical part of position prediction. The method was Simplex Downhill. The designed algorithm was implemented in Java. In the first step chose Host continent by meassuring the distance vector. In next step is selected nearest part in the continent. In conclusion estimate Host its position and then closest Landmark. Results from this work is important for designing TTP protocol. The verdict is that the GNP can be used for TTP, but Landmarks must be located in uniform density.
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Cavallin, Mara. „Physiopathologie moléculaire et cellulaire des anomalies du développement du cortex cérébral : le syndrome d'Aicardi WDR81 mutations cause extreme microcephaly and impair mitotic progression in human fibroblasts and Drosophila neural stem cells TLE1, a key player in neurogenesis, a new candidate gene for autosomal recessive postnatal microcephaly Mutations in TBR1 gene leads to cortical malformations and intellectual disability Aicardi syndrome: Exome, genome and RNA-sequencing of a large cohort of 19 patients failed to detect the genetic cause Recurrent RTTN mutation leading to severe microcephaly, polymicrogyria and growth restriction Recurrent KIF2A mutations are responsible for classic lissencephaly Recurrent KIF5C mutation leading to frontal pachygyria without microcephaly Rare ACTG1 variants in fetal microlissencephaly De novo TUBB2B mutation causes fetal akinesia deformation sequence with microlissencephaly: An unusual presentation of tubulinopathy A novel recurrent LIS1 splice site mutation in classic lissencephaly Further refinement of COL4A1 and COL4A2 related cortical malformations Prenatal and postnatal presentations of corpus callosum agenesis with polymicrogyria caused By EGP5 mutation Delineating FOXG1 syndrome from congenital microcephaly to hyperkinetic encephalopathy Delineating FOXG1 syndrome: From congenital microcephaly to hyperkinetic encephalopathy“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2213&f=18201.
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Les malformations du cortex cérébral (MDC) représentent une cause importante de handicap et d'épilepsie pharmaco-résistante. Le séquençage à haut débit a permis une amélioration considérable de l'identification des bases moléculaires des MDC non syndromiques. Toutefois, certaines formes, notamment les MDC complexes, demeurent inexpliquées. Mon projet de thèse a pour objectif de progresser dans la compréhension des MDC complexes en utilisant deux modèles : les microlissencéphalies (MLIS) et le syndrome d'Aicardi (AIC), une forme syndromique particulière associant des malformations de l'oeil et du cerveau uniquement rapporté chez les filles. L'étude par séquençage d'exome en trios de 16 familles MLIS m'a permis d'identifier et de caractériser un nouveau gène, WDR81, impliqué dans le cycle cellulaire. Par la même stratégie, j'ai pu identifier un variant homozygote pathogène dans TLE1, un partenaire majeur de FOXG1 dans la balance prolifération/différenciation de progéniteurs neuronaux, dans une famille consanguine de microcéphalie postnatale dont le phénotype est proche du syndrome FOXG1. En parallèle, mes travaux ont permis de préciser les spectres phénotypiques associés à RTTN, EPG5, COL4A1, COL4A2, TBR1, KIF5C, KIF2A et FOXG1. La deuxième partie de mon projet avait pour objet l'identification des bases moléculaires du syndrome d'Aicardi à partir d'une cohorte internationale de 19 patientes. Après avoir exclu un biais d'inactivation du chromosome X et la présence de microremaniements chromosomiques, j'ai réalisé un séquençage d'exome en trio. Aucun variant récurrent n'a été retrouvé dans les séquences codantes. Dans un second temps, j'ai testé une approche combinant les données du séquençage de génome et l'analyse du transcriptome (RNA-Seq) sur fibroblastes, me permettant d'identifier des transcrits dérégulés qui étaient impliqués dans le développement du cerveau et de l'oeil. J'ai comparé les résultats de cette analyse avec ceux de l'analyse du génome dans le but d'identifier des variants dans ces gènes candidats. En conclusion, mon travail de thèse a permis d'améliorer la connaissance des bases moléculaires des MDC complexes et d'ouvrir des perspectives de nouveaux mécanismes tels que ceux engageant les gènes WDR81 et EPG5, et le rôle des endosomes et de l'autophagie dans les MDC, et aussi TLE1 comme nouvelle cause de microcéphalies postnatales. Mes travaux ont également permis de générer une collection de données de séquençage haut débit (WES, WGS et RNA-Seq) qui seront mises en commun dans le cadre d'un consortium international afin de développer des nouvelles stratégies d'analyse en particulier pour les séquences non codantes. Cette approche permettra également d'ouvrir la voie vers la compréhension des mécanismes cellulaires impliqués dans la formation du cerveau et de l' œilMalformations of cortical development (MCD) are a major cause of intellectual disability and drug-resistant epilepsy. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has considerably improved the identification of the molecular basis of non-syndromic MCD. However, certain forms, including complex MCD, remain unexplained. My PhD project aimed to improve the understanding of complex MCD using two disorders: Microlissencephaly (MLIS) and Aicardi Syndrome (AIC), the latter associating brain and eye malformations and only reported in girls. Trio Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) performed in 16 MLIS families allowed me to identify and functionally characterize a new MLIS gene, WDR81, in which mutations lead to cell cycle alteration. Moreover, using the same strategy, I was able to identify a pathogenic homozygous variant in TLE1 in a patient from consanguineous family with a postnatal microcephaly, suggestive of a FOXG1-like presentation. Interestingly, TLE1 is a major partner of FOXG1, a gene involved in maintaining the balance between progenitor proliferation and differentiation. In parallel, my work allowed me to redefine the phenotypic spectrum associated with RTTN, EPG5, COL4A1 and COL4A2, TBR1, KIF5C, KIF2A and FOXG1. The second part of my PhD program was aimed at identifying the genetic basis of AIC in an international cohort of 19 patients. After excluding a skewed X chromosome inactivation and the presence of chromosomal rearrangements, I performed WES in trios. The analysis of the data from WES did not allow me to identify any recurrent variants. I therefore tested a new approach combining Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) on fibroblast cells. I identified a number of deregulated transcripts implicated in brain and eye development. I compared the results of this analysis with the WGS analysis in order to find variants in these candidate genes. In conclusion, these studies have improved the knowledge of the molecular basis of complex MCD, such as TLE1 in postnatal microcephaly, and revealed the pathogenic mechanisms such as WDR81 in cell cycle progression and EPG5 in endosomes and autophagy. My work has also generated a collection of NGS data (WES, WGS and RNA-Seq) that will be shared in an international consortium to develop new analytical strategies, in particular for the non-coding DNA regions. This novel strategy provides opportunities to improve understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in brain and eye development
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Albrecht, Frank Reschke Dietrich. „Gewinnung und Aussagefähigkeit von RTT-Messdaten /“. 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/abs/528791958albre.txt.
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CHEN, HSIN-YI, und 陳歆怡. „Functional Roles of the Microcephaly Protein RTTN in Centriole Biogenesis“. Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v56277.
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博士國防醫學院
生命科學研究所
106
The centriole is a microtubule-based structure that is crucial for the formation of centrosomes, cilia and flagella. Centriole duplication is tightly controlled during the cell cycle to ensure proper cell division and chromosome segregation. In this study, we characterize a human microcephaly protein, RTTN, which directly interacts with another microcephaly protein, STIL via its amino terminal domain. Our confocal immunofluorescence analysis showed that RTTN is recruited to procentriole in S phase and colocalized with STIL at the proximal ends of the centrioles. siRNA-mediated depletion of RTTN inhibited normal centriole duplication and abolished STIL-induced centriole overduplication. Moreover, depletion of RTTN did not affect the initiation of procentriole assembly but inhibited the building of the distal half centrioles. Intriguingly, further analysis showed that Crispr/Cas9-mediated knock-out of RTTN not only lost all detectable centrosomes but also induced de novo formation of primitive procentriole bodies (PPBs) which lacks the distal half components of centriole. These data suggest that RTTN might act as a scaffold protein linking the initial centriole assembly to the distal half centriole formation. Thus, RTTN is required for the full maturation of centriole. To assess how disease-related mutations affected RTTN function, we replaced endogenous RTTN with a wild-type or missense mutant of RTTN-GFP transgenes. Surprisingly, a mutation of RTTN (A578P) that causes primary microcephaly (MCPH) in human leads to abnormal centrosome duplication and low binding affinity to STIL. Together, our results reveal the role of RTTN in centriole formation and provide a possible underlying cause of microcephaly in human patients with the RTTN mutation (A578P).
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Wu, Kuan-Jong, und 武冠中. „Improving TCP Performance By Reduction Of HARQ RTT“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93995350642548606412.
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碩士國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
101
As the progress of technology, with rapid substitution of smart phone and pad devices, the role of mobile communication network almost equals to the cable network, and becomes necessary in citizen’s daily life. The network quality is the factor that users care about mostly. In recent years, LTE telecommunication system propelled by 3GPP is spread over North America, South Korea and Japan, and the new generations of 3C products are also equipped with LTE chips. We can know that LTE has become the leader of new telecommunication technology. Although LTE has made progress in communication architecture and antenna technology, it still needs time to process data in terminal devices and base stations. For TCP data user, the processing time not only increases TCP RTT but also decreases transmission throughput, which users don’t expect for. For this point, we propose an idea based on the original architecture, trying to eliminate the RTT brought by HARQ in LTE for increasing transmission throughput. The research results do show that in some constraint environments, the idea has benefits on transmission throughput.
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Chou, Chia-Hsinag, und 周嘉祥. „An Enhanced Bottleneck Bandwidth and RTT Congestion Control Scheme“. Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9v92nr.
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碩士國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
105
Bufferbloat is a phenomenon that will cause extremely high latency due to the oversized buffer deployed in the network. Recently, Google proposed a new TCP BBR in order to solve bufferbloat problem. Although the new TCP could solve this problem, but there is still some drawback. When BBR competes with loss-based congestion control, and it will be starved to death since it is too conservative relative to loss-based TCP. In our algorithm, we make a judgment whether there is any competitive traffic, and adjust the intensity to compete with other flows. From our simulation, compare to original BBR, our algorithm can have better throughput than original when there are other flows. When a single flow, we could keep BBR’s original behavior, then achieve maximum throughput and reduce latency.
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Li, Yi-Wei, und 李毅威. „HARQ Packet Scheduling Based on RTT Estimation in LTE Networks“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49773073650376524306.
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碩士國立中山大學
通訊工程研究所
100
In an LTE (Long-Term Evolution) network, HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) is used to reduce the error probability of retransmitted packets. However, HARQ cannot guarantee delay constraints for real-time traffic when RBs (Resource Blocks) are allocated improperly. To avoid the retransmitted real-time packets exceeding their delay constraints, we propose an HARQ scheduling scheme based on RTT (Round-Trip-Time) estimation. In this scheme, traffic are classified into real-time and non-real-time queues in which real-time queue are further classified into four sub-queues according to their retransmission times; i.e., the first transmission queue, the first retransmission queue, the second retransmission queue, and the third retransmission queue. For the four real-time queues, we estimate RTT and compute the number of RBs required satisfying the delay constraints. To prevent from starvation of non-real-time traffic, after allocating the RBs for real-time traffic, the remaining RBs are allocated for non-real-time traffic according to their MBR (Minimum Bit Rate). To analyze the proposed scheduling scheme, we build a mathematical model to derive the successful probability of retransmitted packets and the expected value of packet retransmission times. Finally, we compute average packet delay, average packet loss rate, and the throughput for both real-time and none-real-time traffic by varying packet error probability and the delay constraints of real-time traffic.
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Hung, Yi-Hsiang, und 洪義翔. „A High Throughput Approach to TCP Congestion Control Based on RTT-Measurement“. Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55531713831820433461.
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碩士樹德科技大學
資訊工程學系
95
In this thesis, a round trip time (RTT)-measurement mechanism improving throughput performance of TCP congestion control for high bandwidth-delay product network (HBDP-net) is proposed. Traditional congestion control uses the approach of additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) to response for the dynamics of network channel. However, AIMD approach suffers from low–throughput problem when packet loss occurs. In addition, in traditional TCP connections, slow-start threshold is a key parameter to improve throughput. In this paper, a RTT-measured scheme is proposed to estimate network bandwidth, and adjust the window size to improve the sender transfer rate, bandwidth of the utilization and to reduce packet loss rate. By simulation results, the proposed scheme indeed improves the bandwidth utilization and packet loss rate.
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Su, Hao Wei, und 蘇浩崴. „An RTT Based Traffic Localization Mechanism for P2P Live Video Streaming System“. Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03572364725788998932.
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碩士國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
103
With the advance and development in the networks, more and more applications are realized with the help of Internet networking. In the progress of the video applications, users nowadays are looking forward to being served with a high-quality real time video streaming besides the existing video file sharing services. There are already some services concerning video streaming being put on the shelf by the service providers, for instance, YouTube and Twitch. They adopt the Client/Server based architecture to serve the users who want to enjoy the real time video streaming. Though the architecture allows the users to obtain the video streaming with low latency, it comes with the demands for the network bandwidth, which is costly for the service providers. Therefore, the P2P (Peer-to-Peer) architecture, which is introduced to the world near the 2000s, becomes quite popular for its few requirements for the central servers support and its easy deployment. Accordingly, P2P provides a new option for the video streaming applications. However, the nature of the P2P architecture requires most of the users in the system to get involved in the video streaming transmission, which results in an unstable video streaming quality for the users. Besides, there is also another problem arising. Since the users come from all around the world, how to adjust the topology so as to improve the video streaming quality? In this thesis, we suggest some measures to classify the users into groups based on their locations. With the help of the localization mechanism, we are able to obtain a fine topology for the system. Combined with several topology adjustment methods for the delivery trees of the P2P network, the data transmission path for the receivers will be reduced, which enables them to enjoy a fine and stable video quality experience. On the basis of an existent live video streaming system, LLP2P, the proposed thoughts will be implemented on it. By the experiments on the planetLab network, we have proved that with the help of those methods which we suggest, users across the globe can experience a better video quality by being served with the users nearby, thanks to the advantage of localization.
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Wu, Cheng-Feng, und 吳政峰. „Design of Buffered Crossbar Switches with Large RTT Latency for Supporting Mixed Traffic“. Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31980404800423675132.
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碩士雲林科技大學
資訊工程研究所
98
The management of core switches has been evolved from single cabinet to multiple cabinets. Therefore, the extended distance between cabinets would increase the round trip time (RTT) of control packets. To avoid the decreased performance caused by RTT, it is necessary to increase crosspoint buffer size to overcome the issue in the switch fabric. When a traditional buffered crossbar switch deals with mixed traffic, unicast and multicast traffic share the same set of crosspoint buffers. It will increase extra delay of multicast traffic while unicast and multicast packets contend for the same buffer. In this thesis, we propose a switch called m-VOQs-CB with m-IMQs to support both traffic types under the large RTT environment. The switch fabric is separated into one unicast section and one multicast section. The unicast section consists of VCQs and CBs, and the multicast section MF-IMQs and CBs. We use two scheduling schemes, MFRR and MURR, for output schedulers, and use the partial fanout policy for supporting mixed traffic. The simulation results show that the proposed m-VOQs-CB with m-IMQs can not only reduce the size demand of crosspoint buffers but also has lower multicast delay.