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Çelebi Karakök, Meryem Elif. „Determining the Characteristics of Faith-Themed Routes in Order to Receive an International Certificate: Studies on St. Paul’s Travels“. Religions 14, Nr. 9 (24.08.2023): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14091097.
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The religious journeys of humanity and their components are now recognized as cultural heritage values. UNESCO, WHC, ICOMOS, CIIC, and COE are organizations that actively work and issue international certificates for the protection, promotion, and survival of religious routes. These organizations have certified 14 faith-based routes as of 2023. A route’s certification is critical since it allows the route to be recognized globally and accessible to international tourism. However, each institution has its own set of requirements to obtain these certificates. When all religious cultures are examined, 14 routes are insufficient to explain the phenomenon of religion to today’s people. For this reason, it is beneficial to increase the current number by re-activating the religious routes that have affected large masses. Many countries apply every year to obtain certificates from these organizations with various route studies. However, many applications are rejected as insufficient. Therefore, the goal of this study is to determine the effective criteria for religious routes to receive international certification. In this regard, St. Paul’s Route stands out for its extensive geography spanning 12 countries and international potential. St. Paul is regarded as the most important figure in the spread of Christianity from Jerusalem to Anatolia and Europe. However, the St. Paul Routes being implemented do not meet the criteria of the any certificates. But the authentic St. Paul Route has the potential to receive certification from all organizations. In this research, the criteria required for the St. Paul Route to be certified by international organizations were investigated. A certified St. Paul Route will benefit many issues, including inter-religious dialogue between 12 countries, international cooperation, world peace, and sustainable tourism. It is thought to be an exemplary route with these features.
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Jin, Wenquan, Azimbek Khudoyberdiev und Dohyeun Kim. „Visualization and Analysis of Safe Routes to School based on Risk Index using Student Survey Data for Safe Mobility“. JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 6, Nr. 3 (30.09.2022): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.6.3.1163.
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Risk analysis is important in heterogeneous industrial domains to enable sustainable development. Data is the basis for emphasizing the potential risk elements for improving efficiency, quality, and safety. For supplying safe routes to schools based on risk analysis, the risk assessment of routes is one of the widely used and very effective methodologies to filter the most dangerous roads, intersections, or specific points on roads. This paper presents a visualization and analysis of the risk assessment approach based on the risk index model using geographical information, including routes, danger points, and student survey data. The proposed risk index model is used for deriving a risk index based on geographical information, including danger points and a route's path. The model includes an equation to calculate the distance of danger points to the path using the coordinates of each location. The survey data is mainly comprised of route and survey information that is analyzed and preprocessed for the input data of the risk index model. The survey mainly consists of basic information on the route, survey participants, school route information, and school route coordinates. The data is classified into the school route data set and the school route danger points data set, and these values are applied to the analysis and the risk index model. Also, the risk index model is designed and developed through the analysis of routes.
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Nagel, Kai, und Christopher L. Barrett. „Using Microsimulation Feedback For Trip Adaptation For Realistic Traffic In Dallas“. International Journal of Modern Physics C 08, Nr. 03 (Juni 1997): 505–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183197000412.
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This paper presents a day-to-day re-routing relaxation approach for traffic simulations. Starting from an initial planset for the routes, the route- based microsimulation is executed. The result of the microsimulation is fed into a re-router, which re-routes a certain percentage of all trips. This approach makes the traffic patterns in the microsimulation much more reasonable. Further, it is shown that the method described in this paper can lead to strong oscillations in the solutions.
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Dewi, Euis Puspita, I. Gede Agus Suwartane, Siti Komsiah, Rilla Sovitriana, Nana Trisnawati und Maya Syafriana Effendi. „INTERACTIVE DIGITAL MAPPING OF SENTUL-BOGOR TREKKING TOURISM DESTINATIONS TOWARD ONE STOP SENTUL TOURISM (OSST)“. Malaysian Applied Geography 1, Nr. 1 (18.04.2023): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/magg.01.2023.30.37.
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Sentul trekking tourism in Bogor is becoming increasingly popular as it provides many attractive natural sights and is a safe option for tourists during and after the Covid-19 Pandemic. Nevertheless, access to information on the geographical description of tourism destinations is not available. In the context of tourist development, reliable, interactive, and fascinating geographical information regarding hiking routes and tourism objects is required. The purpose of this article is to discuss the development of a interactive digital map containing routes and areas of interest for the Sentul Bogor hiking tourist item and displaying multimedia content in the form of text, graphics, and images. This interactive digital map was created using a Geographical Information System (GIS) and includes all multimedia components such as images, text, and Figures that are displayed dynamically. This article identifies six routes in Bogor’s Sentul Region that are prioritized for presentation on an interactive digital map. The Routeis divided into two levels: basic and intermediate. The basic level comprises the Leuwi Asih Waterfall Way, the Leuwi Hejo Waterfall Route, the Cibingbin Waterfall Route, the Goa Garonggang Waterfall Road, the Paniisan Hill Route, and the Ciburial Waterfall Route.
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Vakulenko, K., N. Sokolova, E. Lezhneva, J. Vetushka und N. Shyllye. „ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE CITY'S ROUTES’ INDICATORS ON THE DECREASE IN PASSENGER INCOME AS A RESULT OF TRANSPORT FATIGUE“. Municipal economy of cities 3, Nr. 163 (29.06.2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-3-163-179-186.
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One of the requirements of our time is a high-quality public transport service for passengers. Reliability and regularity of traffic, duration and comfort of the trip, traffic safety, availability of equipped and convenient stops - all this and many other factors affect the quality of passenger service. The peculiarities of the organization of passenger transportation, as well as the performance of city routes, affect the psychophysiological state of a person and, as a result, the functional state and the degree of passenger fatigue, which leads to a decrease in his income. The study identified and analyzed the performance indicators of competing routes, which duplicate each other: bus route №276e and trolleybus route № 46. Based on the analysis of studies in the field of the quality of the provision of services by passenger transport, a survey form was formed on the quality of transportation on the routes of urban passenger transport. The assessment of the degree of consistency of experts' opinions using the Kendall coefficient of concordance indicates the consistency of expert opinions. Most of the criteria that were determined by passengers (interval of movement, the degree of filling and the service life of the vehicles) are indicators of the operation of the route, affect the passenger's transport fatigue and a decrease in the passenger's income. The change in the level of transport fatigue of the passenger during the waiting periods and at the end of the route trip in general along the directions of movement and on the individual hauls of the routs are determined. When assessing the quality of transport service on routes, the obtained values of transport fatigue indicate that when using routes, the condition of passengers is assessed as "good". But, if we consider the state of the passenger while using the individual hauls of the routes, his transport fatigue changes significantly and is assessed as "satisfactory". The value of a decrease in passenger income on routes increases throughout the trip, due to the dense filling of the vehicle interior, which negatively affects the functional state of the passenger. Under the existing conditions of passenger transportation on routes, the value of passenger fatigue and the value of passenger income reduction on bus route No. 276e exceeds the value of this indicator on the trolleybus route. To improve the organization of the bus route No. 276е, it is proposed to update vehicles and use buses with a larger passenger capacity (III class instead of I and II, which are used on the bus route now). After the implemented proposed measures for the busiest direction: the occupancy rate of the bus cabin decreased from 1,05 to 0,36, transport fatigue decreased from 5,5 points to 3,03 points, respectively, the value of the decrease in income from 60,55 UAH to 51,53 UAH. Updating vehicles on the Kharkiv bus routes are an urgent problem that requires an immediate solution to improve the quality of passenger transportation. The use of obsolete vehicles on city bus routes affects not only the passenger's fatigue, but also the drivers and, as a result, the likelihood of an road traffic accident. A significant adverse factor affecting the driver is the air pollution of the vehicle interior with harmful compounds, especially carbon monoxide.
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Röpke, Leonardo Luís, und Manuel Osório Binelo. „Development of an Artificial Intelligence System (AI) Based on Patterns Recognition for the Analysis of Vehicular Routes“. Inteligencia Artificial 23, Nr. 65 (09.06.2020): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol23iss65pp67-85.
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This work presents the study and development of an Artificial Intelligence system, with focus on K-means algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks, to assist fleet managers in the identification of routes and route deviations. The developed tool has the objective of modernizing the process of identification of routes and deviations of routes. The results show that the Artificial Neural Networks obtained a 100% accuracy rate in the identification of routes, and in the identification of route deviations the RNAs were able to identify 61% of the routes presented. Therefore, RNAs are an excellent technique to be applied to the identification of routes and deviations of routes. The K-means algorithm presented good results when applied in the discovery of similar routes, thus becoming an important tool applied to the work of monitoring vehicles routes.
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Arion, O., und A. Kulagina. „The role of memory routes in the modern tourist dimension“. Constructive geography and rational use of natural resources, Nr. 4 (2024): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2786-4561.2024.4.special-19/19.
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This article is devoted to memory routes, which open up new opportunities for the tourism industry by transforming ordinary routes into educational and cultural tools. Integrating them into the tourist space enriches visitors' perception of history and culture, while also emphasizing the importance of an ethical approach to presenting historical events. Such routes not only enhance cultural tourism but also contribute to the formation of national identity and the preservation of historical memory. The article explores the role of memory routes in modern tourism. It identifies the content and place of memory routes in tourism from the perspective of various concepts such as cultural tourism, route tourism, cultural routes, and heritage routes. Memory routes are considered as a type of heritage route, specific tourist paths based on landmarks associated with historical events, significant locations, or figures that played a crucial role in shaping national or cultural identity. The integration of such routes into the tourism space and their impact on visitors' perception of history and cultural heritage are analyzed. Special attention is given to the concept of historical memory and the ethical aspects of presenting events as the basis for route formation. The importance of memory routes for shaping national identity and historical memory is emphasized.
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Kim, Je Min, Hae Jung Baek und Young Tack Park. „POI Detection and Route Identification Using Smartphone Sensor Data“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (Mai 2015): 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.997.
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In this paper, we represent approaches for detecting users’ POIs and identifying personal routes based on temporal smartphone sensor data, including GPS. POIs and routes of users are factors that affect prediction of a traveling route. However, recording user destinations and the routes of training data is almost impossible when building a route model. Thus, we propose algorithms that automatically extract the points of destinations and routes using GPS.
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Jie, Junwu, und Congjin Miao. „Analysis and Selection of Shipping Route in Ocean“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, Nr. 1 (01.09.2021): 012151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012151.
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Abstract This electronic document is a “live” template. Ocean navigation is a long-distance cross ocean navigation. There are three kinds of ocean routes in common use: great circle route, rhumb line route and mixed route. The great circle route is usually used when ships are sailing in the ocean, but sometimes in the mid latitude sea area, the rhumb line route is a choice in the mid latitude sea area. Combined with the calculation of a navigation example, this paper makes some analysis on the selection of ocean routes in mid latitude sea area, illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of these three ocean routes with data, and draws a conclusion on how to choose the routes.
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Krebs, Nathathai, und Boonsub Panichakarn. „Optimal Route in International Transportation of Thailand – Guangxi (China)“. GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 7, Nr. 1 (20.02.2019): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2019.7.1(5).
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Objective - This study examines the selection of international transportation routes from Thailand to Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi), People's Republic of China. Guangxi has been designated a significant role as the gateway to ASEAN and has several land borders and seaports connecting to countries in ASEAN. Methodology/Technique - In this work, we studied 6 connecting routes, 3 of which are road routes, namely routes R8, R9, and R12 and 3 other multimodal (road-sea) routes operating from/to Laemchabang port and Nanning of Guangxi, route through Haiphong port of Vietnam, route through Qinzhou port of China, and route through Guangzhou port of China. We analysed the data using the Cost/Time Distance Model, in combination with surveys and in-depth interviews, to investigate the limitations and benefits of each route. Findings - Base on costs in 2017, we found that sea routes have much lower costs than the land routes in general; the lowest cost is route through Qinzhou port. On the other hand, the time used in transportation is much shorter for the land routes; the shortest route is the R12 route. Furthermore, in terms of limitations and benefits, we found that the Qinzhou route has many limitations such as long custom processes for fruit and agricultural products and no backhaul cargo. Meanwhile, the limitations for route R8 include crossing Mekong river on truck ferries and the presence of very steep mountain roads in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Route R12 winds down the mountain both in Vietnam and Laos, whereas route R9 is advantageous; most of that route has a flat terrain and is operated under the Cross-Border Transport Agreement (CBTA). The route through Haiphong port is also advantageous with a direct highway from Haiphong to Hanoi of Vietnam. In conclusion, it is suggested that road transportation is more efficient than sea transportation. Novelty - Further consideration among road routes and, with emphasis on costs and time, the best route is then route R12. However, if one is concerned with risk of damage to products, then route R9 is the best. The optimal route from Thailand to Guangxi depends on the conditions and decision criteria of the stakeholders. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: International Transportation; Multimodal Transportation; Cost/time Distance Model; Guangxi (China); Road Transportation; Sea Transportation. JEL Classification: F02, F10, F19.
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Aguilar-Arguello, Samuel, Daniel Gerhard und Ximena J. Nelson. „Distance assessment of detours by jumping spiders“. Current Zoology 66, Nr. 3 (10.09.2019): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoz044.
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Abstract To take an indirect route (detour) in order to reach a specific target requires complex cognitive processes. Yet more demanding, from the cognitive point of view, is when the goal is only visible at the beginning of the detour. In spiders from the family Salticidae, vision is a key sensory modality mediating navigation and prey search. Their acute vision allows them to perform complicated detours, possibly as a consequence of the multitude of potential routes in their typically complex 3-dimensional habitats. We used a 4-route choice test, in which routes differed in being either short or long and in the presence or absence of a lure of a prey item, to investigate route assessment in 2 salticid species, Trite planiceps and Marpissa marina. Although both species showed evidence of motivation to follow lured-routes, judging by the number of times they re-oriented toward them while detouring, we found that Trite chose short routes in preference to long routes, but did not prefer the lured-routes. In contrast, Marpissa exhibited random route choice, although it oriented toward lured-routes more often than control routes (lure absent). Our results suggest that decision-making processes about which route to take occurs before embarking on a route, but this is cognitively challenging. Spiders exhibited cognitive limitations in which the lack of visibility of the goal affected success. However, the severity of cognitive limitations depended on species. We suggest that variability in spatial ability across the Salticidae may be related to the habitat complexity inhabited by each species.
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Kinney, Mitchell. „Template matching route classification“. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports 16, Nr. 2 (25.06.2020): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jqas-2019-0051.
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AbstractThis paper details a route classification method for American football using a template matching scheme that is quick and does not require manual labeling. Pre-defined routes from a standard receiver route tree are aligned closely with game routes in order to determine the closest match. Based on a test game with manually labeled routes, the method achieves moderate success with an overall accuracy of 72% of the 232 routes labeled correctly.
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Phaiboon, Supachai, und Pisit Phokharatkul. „Accurate Empirical Path Loss Models with Route Classification for mmWave Communications“. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (20.10.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2780029.
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This paper presents accurate empirical path loss models with route classification for the high band frequency of 5 G wireless. Propagation path routes are mainly classified into line of sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS). The NLOS routes are classified into 2 separate routes, namely, Hard_NLOS and Soft_NLOS. Their path loss models include free-space loss (Lfs) and multiscreen diffraction loss (Lmsd) together with the reflection from the building blocks. However, these NLOS routes can be combined into a single formula. The path loss models were fitted with measured path loss data at frequencies of 28 GHz and 73 GHz. These models are compared with four 5G empirical models, namely 5GCM, 3GPP, METIS, and mmMAGIC. The results show that the separated route models provide good agreement, especially for the hard routes compared with those models and provide the minimum MAE of 4.45 dB, 4.34 dB, and 6.72 dB for the hard route, soft route, and an all-NLOS route, respectively, for the dual-band frequency.
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Ardiansyah, Ahmad Yusuf, und Riyanarto Sarno. „Performance analysis of wireless sensor network with load balancing for data transmission using xbee zb module“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, Nr. 1 (01.04.2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i1.pp88-100.
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<p><span>In general, research in the field of wireless sensor network (WSN) has never discussed the reliability aspect of network routing with router devices that can find new routes when damage occurs. </span><span lang="IN">To date, o</span><span>verloaded routers will be </span><span lang="IN">ignored</span><span> without any response that gives control which can reduce the quality of network performance. Therefore, we propose research using the AODV routing</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span> and Mesh routing algorithm to find other routes as an alternative when problems occur and using the Round Robbin based xbee algorithm on providing load balance control carried out by the router. </span><span lang="IN">The experiments on</span><span> the performance of non-balancing networks and balancing</span><span lang="IN"> were conducted</span><span>. Both trials used quality of service (QoS) parameters as a guarantee of performance to be more effective and in line with expectations. Measurements performed by testing the parameters of packet loss, delay, throughput, and fault tolerance<em>. </em>The network performance in finding other alternative routes has been successfully carried out by </span><span lang="IN">transmitting</span><span> 100 packets from the end device node to the coordinator node via the router based on distance variations from 0 to 100 meters. The recovery time required by the dead router to find another route was 10 seconds, this was related to the parameter delay, and fault tolerance. The experimental results of the non-balancing system showed an average 20 % packet loss in one transmission, meanwhile the packet loss was smaller than the previous experiment by 37%. Therefore, the WSN with balancing system was proven to be more effective that could improve QoS performance by 17%.</span></p>
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Wuryaningrum, P., I. T. Yunianto, F. Hadi und I. G. B. Santosa. „Planning on Perintis Shipping Rerouting By Utilizing Commercial Shipping: Case Study of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1298, Nr. 1 (01.02.2024): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1298/1/012030.
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Abstract Perintis shipping is an Indonesian government program that is a domestic subsidized shipping that connects islands in Indonesia to increase the connectivity, especially for underdeveloped, remote, and border areas, or called 3TP. As Perintis shipping services have grown, with more routes and voyages, subsidies have also increased. The aim of this paper is to explore possible solutions for reducing subsidies by analyzing routes that intersect with commercial shipping. The objective is to determine the optimal route by rerouting the current Perintis route and utilizing the commercial route. This involves analyzing various factors such as operational efficiency, technical and financial considerations to identify the most feasible routes. This research focuses on the Perintis shipping route in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. There are five Perintis shipping routes, but only three of them intersect with commercial shipping routes. There are four potential routes available, consisting of three options for R-23 and one option for R-24. Based on the analysis, it has been determined that the most feasible option is the first option of R-24. The chosen routes have witnessed a reduction in subsidies, with a total amount of IDR 30.56 million and commercial shipping has achieved a profit increase of IDR 809.70 million.
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Hordiienko, V., und O. Gryniuk. „Overview and description of hiking routes of the Bukovel Tourist Center“. Constructive geography and rational use of natural resources 3, Nr. 2 (2023): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2786-4561.2023.3.2-2/13.
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This article focuses on the characteristics of hiking routes developed by the Bukovel Tourist Center. Summarizing the characteristics of the developed hiking routes, the article reveals such basic aspects of active tourism as marked hiking routes, the purpose of marking and the general requirements for marking signs. For a clearer understanding of marking signs, an example of a marking table, which is used in the described hiking routes, was presented. Attention was paid to the analysis of mountain ranges in which hiking routes were developed and their advantages were analyzed. The main part of the work is a detailed review and description of all available routes of different difficulty categories, developed by the Bukovel Tourist Center within the limits of the mentioned mountain ranges. Thus, each route is presented according to the following scheme: name, length, level of difficulty, a detailed description of the thread of the route, and the main attractive locations on the route are indicated.
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Hu, Wen-Chen, Naima Kaabouch, Hung-Jen Yang und S. Hossein Mousavinezhad. „Route Anomaly Detection Using a Linear Route Representation“. Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/675605.
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A location-based service is a service based on the geographical position of a mobile handheld device like a smartphone. This research proposes location-based research, which uses location information to find route anomalies, a common problem of daily life. For example, an alert should be generated when a deliveryman does not follow his regular route to make deliveries. Different kinds of route anomalies are discussed and various methods for detecting the anomalies are proposed in this paper. The proposed method based on a linear route representation finds the matched routes from a set of stored routes as the current route is entered location by location. Route matching is made easy by comparing the current location to linear routes. An alert is generated when no matched routes exist. Preliminary experimental results show the proposed methods are effective and easy to use.
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Deng, Yajuan, Xiaolei Ru, Ziqi Dou und Guohua Liang. „Design of Bus Bridging Routes in Response to Disruption of Urban Rail Transit“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 12 (27.11.2018): 4427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124427.
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Bus bridging has been widely used to connect stations affected by urban rail transit disruptions. This paper designs bus bridging routes for passengers in case of urban rail transit disruption. The types of urban rail transit disruption between Origin-Destination stations are summarized, and alternative bus bridging routes are listed. First, the feasible route generation method is established. Feasible routes for each pair of the disruption Origin-Destination stations include urban rail transit transfer, direct bus bridging, and indirect bus bridging. Then the feasible route generation model with the station capacity constraint is established. The k-short alternative routes are generated to form the bus bridging routes. Lastly, by considering the bus bridging resource constraints, the final bus bridging routes are obtained by merging and filtering the initial bridging routes. Numerical results of an illustrative network show that the bus bridging routes generated from the proposed model can significantly reduce travel delay of blocked passengers, and it is necessary to maintain the number of passengers in the urban rail transit below the station capacity threshold for ensuring a feasible routing design. One more important finding of this work is that the direct bridging route is preferred for short travel distances, while the indirect bridging route is preferred for longer travel distances. After the bridging bus routes are taken, the passenger’s total travel time is significantly lower than when no measures are taken. However, after the capacity constraint of a station is considered, the passenger’s total travel time will be increased by 3.49% compared with not considering a capacity constraint.
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Westebbe, Leo, Yibiao Liang und Erik Blaser. „The Accuracy and Precision of Memory for Natural Scenes: A Walk in the Park“. Open Mind 8 (2024): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00122.
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Abstract It is challenging to quantify the accuracy and precision of scene memory because it is unclear what ‘space’ scenes occupy (how can we quantify error when misremembering a natural scene?). To address this, we exploited the ecologically valid, metric space in which scenes occur and are represented: routes. In a delayed estimation task, participants briefly saw a target scene drawn from a video of an outdoor ‘route loop’, then used a continuous report wheel of the route to pinpoint the scene. Accuracy was high and unbiased, indicating there was no net boundary extension/contraction. Interestingly, precision was higher for routes that were more self-similar (as characterized by the half-life, in meters, of a route’s Multiscale Structural Similarity index), consistent with previous work finding a ‘similarity advantage’ where memory precision is regulated according to task demands. Overall, scenes were remembered to within a few meters of their actual location.
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Kwatra, Shubhika, Guncha Taneja und Nimisha Nasa. „Alternative Routes of Drug Administration- Transdermal, Pulmonary & Parenteral“. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 02, Nr. 04 (2012): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2012.47.
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Oral Route is considered to be the most common route of drug delivery to obtain a systemic effect. However, with the recent developments in the field of drug delivery, it has been found that delivery through alternative routes is sometimes more beneficial. This article deals with the salient features, advantages and disadvantages of some of the alternative routes of drug administration- Transdermal, Pulmonary and Parenteral routes. Though the mechanisms of action of drugs delivered by these routes are different, they offer a common advantage- increased Therapeutic Index with simultaneously decreased side effects. The latest innovations in drug formulations delivered through these routes have also been discussed. © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved.
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Et.al, Foo Yoke Ling. „Bus Ticketing System with Multiple Routes Suggestion“. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, Nr. 3 (11.04.2021): 1816–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1010.
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An important part of the bus ticket booking system is the route. Online bus tickets are systems that integrate all the different bus organization routes. However, the existing online system only provides direct transportation to destinations. In many cases, customers will need to take some connecting buses before reaching their desired destination. Therefore, a multiple routes suggestion for bus ticketing system is introduced using an advance route generation algorithm. In addition to the basic features of the existing online system, the developed system offers recommended routes if the desired destination does not have a direct bus. The recommended route will be at several different bus operators and waiting time for the next route. The development of this system is expected to provide convenience for the customer to find multiple routes suggestion.
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Lin, Xinyue, Zhenjiang Shen, Xiao Teng und Qizhi Mao. „Cultural Routes as Cultural Tourism Products for Heritage Conservation and Regional Development: A Systematic Review“. Heritage 7, Nr. 5 (02.05.2024): 2399–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage7050114.
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Cultural routes are a composite set of heritage sites that refer to historical routes of human communication. As key products of cultural tourism, they provide visitors with rich cultural experiences across regions. We systematically review reports and studies related to the tourism development of 38 cultural route cases worldwide, with a special focus on their distribution, typology, planning patterns, and tools for cultural tourism. We summarized eight tools and found some differences in how often these eight tools are used by the different types of routes and different planning patterns for route tourism. This study also developed an evaluation system based on the conservation principles of cultural routes to determine how different tourism tools affect the conservation and development of historical regions. Although tourism decision-makers have made numerous efforts to protect and develop cultural routes, there are still many problems and challenges in the process of tourism development along cultural routes. We conclude the paper by making recommendations for decision-makers and researchers concerning future route tourism planning and study.
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Laato, Samuli, Sampsa Rauti, Bastian Kordyaka, Konstantinos Papangelis, Sangwon Jung, Timo Nummenmaa und Juho Hamari. „Gamification of walking in nature: A field experiment with Pokémon GO Routes“. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8, CHI PLAY (14.10.2024): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3677075.
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There are numerous benefits from regularly walking in nature, and today's mobile technologies have the potential to encourage people to do so. Past research has showed that gamified map-based apps and location-based games (LBGs) have the capability to incentivize people to go to nature areas in cities and beyond. In this study, we explored LBGs' potential to bring people to nature by conducting a field experiment with a new mechanic called Routes in the popular LBG Pokémon GO. Prior to the Route feature's launch, we created altogether 13 Routes of various lengths in both city and nature landscapes. We collected numerical in-game data of how many times each Route was walked and deployed a survey (n=67) for Pokémon GO players in the area where the Routes were made. The findings suggest that proximity to population concentrations and in-game rewards are key drivers of Route popularity. Players' motivators to choose nature Routes over urban Routes were limited to outside-the-game factors such as scenery, and overall in our experiment the urban Routes turned out to be more popular.
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KUDRIASHOV, A., A. MAZURENKO, V. KOMAR und T. HAIDUK. „IMPROVEMENT OF THE ROUTE NETWORK OF THE CITY OF MARHANETS“. Transport systems and transportation technologies, Nr. 24 (20.01.2023): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/tstt2022/272053.
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Purpose. Carry out the formation of a new route and transport network in the city of Marganets and a comparative assessment of the routes of the existing and proposed route and transport network. Methodology. The design of a rational route transport network was carried out using methods of combinatorial analysis, graph theory was used to develop a topological scheme of routes, the search and final selection of "candidate" routes was performed on the basis of analytical methods. Findings. The formation of the outgoing route transport network of Marganets was completed; precinct routes were checked for compliance with the maximum permissible traffic interval; the search for "candidate" routes satisfying the condition of not exceeding the maximum allowable interval was performed; a rational route transport network of the city of Marganets was developed using the method of directed selection; determined the time spent by passengers traveling on the route network; a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of existing and developed routes was performed. Originality. The research carried out on the process of transporting passengers on the transport network of the city of Marganets allowed to improve the passenger route network to improve the quality of transport services for the city’s population. Practical value. The practical significance of the work is that the implementation of the developed rational passenger route network will improve the quality of transport services for the population of Marganets, reduce the time spent by passengers on the approach to the bus stops and improve the quality of passenger service.
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Ti, Peng, Ruyu Dai, Fangyi Wan, Tao Xiong, Hao Wu und Zhilin Li. „Influencing Pedestrians’ Route Choice Using Route Shape Simplification“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, Nr. 2 (12.02.2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12020066.
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Pedestrians’ route choice is critical for several purposes, while deliberately changing map representations can influence map users’ route choice. Simplifying routes’ geometric shapes is one way to achieve this. However, the other geometric characteristics of routes (e.g., the relative distance of different routes, differences in initial orientation, the number of intersections, and the direction changes) also influence pedestrians’ route choice, per relevant research. Hence, this study conducted an experimental investigation to examine the influence of route shape simplification on pedestrians’ route choice, under various geometric characteristics conditions. The results of the statistical tests and correlation analyses showed that (1) route shape simplification has a significant influence on route choice; (2) larger relative distance and direction changes reduce shape simplification’s influence, while the number of intersections and differences in initial orientation have weak effects; (3) 1.3 times the relative distance may be the threshold for the selection of recommended routes, and the improvement of visual continuity at route nodes may prove more influential. The results of this study can support the applicability of shape simplification to influence route choice.
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Schmidl, Martin, Gerhard Navratil und Ioannis Giannopoulos. „An Approach to Assess the Effect of Currentness of Spatial Data on Routing Quality“. AGILE: GIScience Series 2 (04.06.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-2-13-2021.
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Abstract. During spatial decision making, the quality of the utilized data is of high importance. During navigation these decisions are crucial for being routed to the desired destination (usually going by the shortest or fastest route). Road networks, the main data source for routing, are prone to changes which can have a big impact on the computed route and therefore on travel time. For instance, routes computed using an outdated street network can result in longer travel times, in longer distance, as well in cases where the desired destination might not be anymore reachable via the computed route. Data from OpenStreetMap with different timestamps allows us to download road network snapshots from different years, i.e., from 2014 to 2020. On each of those datasets the fastest route between 500 randomly chosen point pairs in Vienna, Austria, was computed. These routes were also reconstructed on the most recent dataset for evaluation reasons. The resulting travel times, travel length as well as feasibility of the route were compared with the most recent dataset. The results provide a first assessment of temporal quality based on the currentness of a dataset.
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Ibrahim, A., B. Michael, Z. A. T. Suleyman und O. B. Akintuyi. „Geospatial Approach to Route Optimisation for Security Architecture Improvement“. Environmental Technology and Science Journal 14, Nr. 1 (01.08.2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/etsj.v14i1.8.
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Understanding the complexity of road networks is tiring, especially in finding the optimum routes for emergency response. Dynamic route optimisation is a decision-making process powered by mathematical models to formulate a strong basis for predicting the best path between any two points in a road network. Exploring the numerous interconnected routes in and out of a road network provides a strong foothold for securing lives and properties. This study presents the findings of route optimisation at the Federal University of Technology Minna, Gidan Kwano Campus. High Target Differential Global Positioning System receiver (DGPS), Handheld GPS (Garmin GPSmap 60Cx), Quick Bird Satellite Imagery, and Google Earth Images were used for data acquisition purposes. An ArcGIS network analyst for optimum route identification based on Dijktra’s algorithm was utilised for analysis. Five different optimisation tests were done and the optimised routes were compared with alternative routes from the network. The total travel distances for alternative and optimum routes are 11852.414 m and 16614.156 m respectively while the total travel times for alternative and optimum routes are 2135.35 s and 2993.25 s respectively. The study revealed all optimum routes are faster cumulatively by (11.7%) and are best for security and emergency responses. Ten unauthorised access roads to the campus were identified. The number of routes paving access to the campus shows that efforts towards ensuring security must be increased.
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Kemp, Peter A. „Escape routes from poverty“. Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 13, Nr. 3 (Oktober 2005): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/vrwe4908.
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In recent years, researchers have begun to move away from a static, cross-sectional analysis of poverty to examine income dynamics, including routes into and out of poverty. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of what is known from quantitative research on routes out of income poverty. It shows that there is a diversity of routes out of poverty, with some routes being more important for some types of household than for others. The research supports the Labour government’s argument that work is the surest route out of poverty. But it also shows that it is not a guaranteed one, as some people who move into work remain poor. And nor is it a route that is equally applicable to all households. For pensioners and the more severely disabled people, for instance, increases in benefit income are likely to be the most effective escape routes from poverty.
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Mhamedi, Tayeb, Henrik Andersson, Marilène Cherkesly und Guy Desaulniers. „A Branch-Price-and-Cut Algorithm for the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows“. Transportation Science 56, Nr. 1 (Januar 2022): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2021.1092.
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In this paper, we propose an exact branch-price-and-cut (BPC) algorithm for the two-echelon vehicle routing problem with time windows. This problem arises in city logistics when high-capacity and low-capacity vehicles are used to transport items from depots to satellites (first echelon) and from satellites to customers (second echelon), respectively. The aim is to determine a set of least-cost first- and second-echelon routes such that the load on the routes respect the capacity of the vehicles, each second-echelon route is supplied by exactly one first-echelon route, and each customer is visited by exactly one second-echelon route within its time window. We model the problem with a route-based formulation where first-echelon routes are enumerated a priori, and second-echelon routes are generated using column generation. The problem is solved using BPC. To generate second-echelon routes, one pricing problem per satellite is solved using a labeling algorithm which keeps track of the first-echelon route associated with each (partial) second-echelon route considered. Furthermore, to speed up the solution process, we introduce effective deep dual-optimal inequalities and apply known valid inequalities. We perform extensive computational experiments on benchmark instances and show that our method outperforms a state-of-the-art algorithm. We also conduct sensitivity analyses on the different components of our algorithm and derive managerial insights related to the structure of the first-echelon routes.
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Yang, Jie, und Yangsheng Jiang. „Application of Modified NSGA-II to the Transit Network Design Problem“. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (01.08.2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3753601.
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The transit network design problem involves determining a certain number of routes to operate in an urban area to balance the costs of the passengers and the operator. In this paper, we simultaneously determine the route structure of each route and the number of routes in the final solution. A novel initial route set generation algorithm and a route set size alternating heuristic are embedded into a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II- (NSGA-II-) based solution framework to produce the approximate Pareto front. The initial route set generation algorithm aims to generate high-quality initial solutions for succeeding optimization procedures. To explore the solution space and to have solutions with a different number of routes, a route set size alternating heuristic is developed to change the number of routes in a solution by adding or deleting one route. Experiments were performed on Mandl’s network and four larger Mumford’s networks. Compared with a fixed route set size approach, the proposed NSGA-II-based solution method can produce an approximate Pareto front with much higher solution quality as well as improved computation efficiency.
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Agustine, Debby, Ibnu Hadi Hadi und Devi Eka Wardani Meganingtyas. „Masalah Vehicle Routing Problem Pada Pengiriman Barang di kota Bandung utara dengan menggunakan Kluster KMeans dan Algoritma Nearest Neighbor“. JMT : Jurnal Matematika dan Terapan 4, Nr. 2 (30.08.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jmt.4.2.1.
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The Vehiscle Routing Problem is an optimization problem in determining the route of packet distribution with limited vehicle capacity. Routing in the distribution of packets is important so that the shortest route will be sought so that the package arrives on time. One of the algorithms that discusses the search for vehicle routes with VRP problems is the Nearest Neighbor Algorithm, as for the stages in finding the best route by enumerating all possible sequences of existing routes and selecting the best set of routes in order to find the shortest route from one node to all other nodes. so it becomes a connected route.
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Kondra, Artur, Valeriia Savchuk, Sergiy Pasichnyk, Nataliia Kunanets und Hanna Мashika. „Development of information system for planning personalized tourist routes“. Technology audit and production reserves 1, Nr. 2(75) (13.02.2024): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2024.298422.
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The object of research is processes of information and technological planning of tourist trips. The article analyzes the processes of information technology planning of tourist trips and develops an information system for personalized planning of tourist routes using graph theory. The paper describes in detail a new approach to the formation of optimal routes based on graph models and the analysis of personal preferences of users. The developed information system uses graph theory to represent and optimize tourist routes, taking into account various criteria such as distance, travel time, and individual user preferences. Algorithms for calculating optimal routes are designed to improve the quality of recommendations and provide a high level of personalization. The functionality of the information system for planning tourist routes is based on the use of a number of innovative approaches and technologies that make the system more efficient, accurate and attractive to users. This takes into account the need to use modern route optimization algorithms. Algorithms have been developed to optimize tourist routes based on various criteria, such as cost, time, personal preferences, and environmental aspects. The introduction of intelligent analytical tools for predicting tourist trends helps to determine the popularity of places and other factors that influence the choice of routes. For the audio support of the excursion route, an algorithm for generating multimedia information content that is relevant to an individual personalized excursion route and its duration is used. The authors formulate the requirements and analyze the functionality of the information system for personalized planning of tourist routes, since a personalized approach and the use of graph models facilitate route planning that takes into account various aspects, including user-friendliness, accuracy of recommendations, system flexibility and security. The developed information system can open up new opportunities for individual and intelligent planning of tourist routes, providing users with a unique tourist experience.
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Mouro, Viviane G. S., Ana L. P. Martins, Janaina Silva, Tatiana P. Menezes, Marcos L. M. Gomes, Juraci A. Oliveira, Fabiana C. S. A. Melo und Sérgio L. P. Matta. „Subacute Testicular Toxicity to Cadmium Exposure Intraperitoneally and Orally“. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (25.11.2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3429635.
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The toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) on reproductive parameters are widely described in the literature. Experimental models often make use of the intraperitoneal route (i.p.), although human intoxication occurs preferentially by the oral route and can be continuous. However, little is known about the effect of Cd administration routes on the testicular structure. Thus, this study investigated the testicular impact of Cd exposure comparing both i.p. and oral routes, both single dose (SD), in addition to the oral route in fractional doses (FD). Swiss adult male mice received CdCl2 1.5 mg/kg i.p., 30 mg/kg oral SD, and 4.28 mg/kg oral FD for 7 consecutive days. The Cd bioaccumulation was observed in all routes, mainly in the oral FD route. The concentrations of testicular Ca and Cu decreased in all animals exposed to Cd, while Zn and Mn decreased only in the i.p. route. Testicular SOD activity was reduced in both routes of oral administration, while CAT increased in the i.p. route, and GST increased in all animals exposed to Cd. Changes in the tubular parameters and cell viability were observed in both routes of Cd administration but were more intense in the oral route, mainly in the FD. Serum testosterone concentration was reduced in both routes of oral administration. Tubular damage, such as the vacuolization of the seminiferous epithelium, germ cell detachment, and seminiferous tubule degeneration, occurred in all groups exposed to Cd. Therefore, the oral Cd administration presented greater potential to promote testicular damage, mainly when the metal was given in a fractionated way.
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Laffey, Stephen C., Louie Nan Liu und Ed J. Christopher. „Statistical Analysis of Mean Route Travel Times on Seven Primary Arterials in Chicago Metropolitan Region“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1625, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1625-14.
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Presented is a statistical approach for examining multiple years of travel time data to determine if any trends can be quantified reliably by using only 4 years of observed data. Empirical data for 80 routes covering more than 4025 km were collected in the summers of 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997 and compiled into a database for public release in the fall of 1997. From this database, seven routes were selected then sampled over all 4 years. These seven routes are primary arterials of regional significance in northeastern Illinois. A multiple regression analysis was performed on the seven arterials to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in the observed mean route travel times over the 4-year period. The regression analysis indicated that only one of seven routes experienced a statistically significant change in directional route travel time between 1994 and 1997. Because only one of seven routes was significantly different, the analyst may merge multiple years of data for an individual route into a single data set to build a more robust database. Also, quantifiable change in travel time may be difficult to perceive year by year. This has significant implications for the design of a sampling strategy that needs to measure performance on approximately 28 980 directional route km of roadways. It would be better to sample fewer routes more intensely on a regular interval than to sample many routes lightly every year.
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Febriyanti, Dian Erliana, Rangga Primadasa und Sugoro Bhakti Sutono. „Determination of Distribution Routes Using the Saving Matrix Method to Minimize Shipping Costs at PT. SUKUN TRANSPORT LOGISTICS“. Spektrum Industri 20, Nr. 1 (20.04.2022): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/si.v20i1.18.
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PT. Sukun Transport Logistics is a company engaged in shipping,logistics and also transportation vehicle rental services. Theproblems faced by PT. Sukun Transport Logistics is a lack oftransport vehicle capacity, causing the use of transport vehiclesthat are not suitable and the distribution of sub-routes is notbalanced. Therefore, to overcome these problems, it is necessaryto determine the optimal distribution route using the saving matrixmethod. The saving matrix method is a method to shortenmileage, estimate distribution time and minimize shipping costs atPT. Sukun Transport Logistics. From the results of the routeresearch in this study, it is known that the route proposal with thesaving matrix method opens 2 sub routes from the previous 3 subroutes, the total distance through the saving matrix method andthe closest calculation method is 299 km. While the total distanceof the actual route delivery to the company is 313 km. Thedistance saving of this research with the company's actual routeis 14 km or 4.47%. At the time of saving of 164 minutes or20.97%, and distribution cost savings of Rp. 141,658 or 25.53%.
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Liu, Lu. „Terminal Airspace Capacity Evaluation Model under Weather Condition from Perspective of a Controller“. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (10.06.2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4728648.
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A route network lays in the terminal airspace. The route network can be divided into multiple subnetworks according to sectors. When severe weather conditions occur, a controller takes measures to obtain safe operation of flights, such as navigation guidance or changing the availability of routes. In such circumstances, the route structure of a subnetwork is changed, and the controller’s attention paid to each route is also changed as well as the unit workload on it. As the subnetwork is handled by one controller, capacities of routes in it are associated. We find the way to determine the “related capacity” of a route in the conditions that whether topological structure of the terminal route network is changed or not. The capacity of the terminal route network calculated by network flow theory represents the capacity of terminal airspace. According to the analysis results, the weather factor reduces capacity of terminal airspace directly by reducing the capacities of routes blocked. Indirectly, it diverts controller’s attention to change capacities of other routes in the subnetwork.
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Zyrianov, Aleksandr I., und Inna S. Zyrianova. „Planning of the Interregional Tourist Route in the Urals“. Quaestiones Geographicae 40, Nr. 2 (01.06.2021): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2021-0018.
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Abstract The article aims to attract the attention of geographers to the development of technology for the design of tourist routes. The world and Russian experience of designing long interregional tourist routes is considered. The authors’ approaches to route design are illustrated by the example of the Urals. Interregional tourist routes in Russia are actively developed with the support of the government. They are initiated by interacting regions and especially federal districts. Interregional routes are tours covering several adjacent regions or regions that are close not territorially, but thematically in tourist aspects. Such routes are quite different, but they have mainly cultural and informative goals as well as an excursion, transport and sometimes cruise style. Among all the interregional routes, the ‘Golden Ring’ and the ‘Volga-Kama’ river cruises are exemplary, among which the ‘Moskovskaya krugosvetka’ stands out due to the uniqueness of the ring shape of the route. The geographic features of the Urals are at the heart of the logical decisions for the preparation of the interregional tourist project ’The Great Ural Route’. The Urals have attractive, image, logistic and other opportunities for organising a large tourist route. A route should be developed for residents of the country and foreign guests, which will introduce the most striking and characteristic objects of the macro region as a whole. Moreover, the annular shape of the route is most preferred. It is advisable to lay the route in most of the Ural regions. It should include the main cities, landscapes of different natural zones, the most significant excursion sites and distinctive territories. Geographic route design technologies make it possible to make them relevant for a long time.
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Ayu Trisna Adhiswari Wedagama, Dewa, Ni Putu Delima Yogeswari Saraswati und Luh Putu Egarustari. „Evaluasi dan Perencanaan Angkutan Sekolah di Kabupaten Gianyar“. COMSERVA Indonesian Jurnal of Community Services and Development 2, Nr. 11 (27.03.2023): 2820–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/comserva.v2i11.687.
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Gianyar got the position of fifth rank from all regencys in Bali Province as the highest number of schools, it has 382 schools. The highest number of schools in one region can make traffic density so it will cause congestion or crowded, because road capacity is inadequate. To overcome this problem, the Gianyar District Transportation Office held a free school transport program in the form of the Trans Harmoni Bus which has been operating since 2016 and Trans Gianyar transportation which was inaugurated on October 19, 2018. This research aims to evaluate the performance of school transport that is currently running, to analyze route changes, and to calculate the BOK (Vehicle Operating Costs) needed for the 2019 school year. This research uses primary data and secondary data. Primary data uses the form of interviews, questionnaires from students' routes, headway surveys and load factors. Secondary data uses the form of fleets, routes and existing routes, and route lengths. The method which is used is the analysis method based on the data obtained. The method is analyzing the performance of Gianyar Regency school transport according to the provisions of the Department of Transportation, arranging transportation routes, and calculating the vehicle operational costs. The results of Gianyar Regency school transport performance evaluation currently show the number of passengers, travel distance and transportation waiting time because they did not meet the standards of Department of Transportation, the level of fuel consumption with 12 routes that meet the standards, load factors only 10 routes that meet the standards, travel time only 1 route that meets the standards, travel speeds of all routes meet the standard, and headways with 5 routes that meet the standards. The results of the need analysis to change the route for 2019 are planned to be come 29 routes for Trans Gianyar transportation and 12 routes for the Trans Harmoni Bus. The highest BOK (Vehicle Operating Costs) per year and per kilometer based on the route plan for public passenger car vehicles is Rp. 67,218,681 per year and Rp. 14,142 per KM, for small bus vehicles Rp. 66,366,399 per year and Rp. 14,417 per km, and for bus vehicles medium amounting to Rp. 208,254,660 per year and Rp. 26,885 per KM.
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Luong, Trang D., Divyakant Tahlyan und Abdul R. Pinjari. „Comprehensive Exploratory Analysis of Truck Route Choice Diversity in Florida“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, Nr. 9 (11.07.2018): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118784175.
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This study presents a comprehensive exploratory analysis of truck route choice diversity in the state of Florida, for both long-haul and short-haul truck travel segments. It employs six metrics to measure three different dimensions of diversity in truck route choice between any given origin–destination (OD) pair. These dimensions are: (a) number of distinct routes used to travel between the OD pair, (b) the extent of overlap (or lack thereof) among the routes, and (c) the evenness (or dominance) in the usage of different unique routes. The diversity metrics were applied to a large database of 73,000 truck routes derived from 200 million GPS records. Descriptive analysis and statistical modeling of the diversity metrics offered insights into the determinants of various dimensions of truck route choice diversity between any OD pair. The results are useful for improving choice set generation algorithms for truck route choice modeling and in truck route policies and investments.
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Arif, Arif Chandra Setiawan, und Suseno Suseno. „USULAN RUTE PENDISTRIBUSI MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA CLARKE AND WRIGHT SAVINGS DAN SEQUENTIAL INSERTION“. JURNAL ILMIAH TEKNIK INDUSTRI DAN INOVASI 2, Nr. 3 (24.05.2024): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.59024/jisi.v2i3.727.
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In this research, data was taken from the distribution route which was recorded by the cashier at the Cahaya Kristal Tube Ice Ice Factory which is located on Jl, Damai, Prujakan Tambakan Village, Sinduharjo, Ngaglik, Sleman Yogyakarta. Then the data is processed using the Clarke and Wright Savings Algorithm and Sequential Insertion with the aim of providing the best or most effective route suggestions and then comparing the two methods to produce the Travel Route Distance and Distribution Costs. By using the Clarke and Wright Saving Algorithm, we get 2 vehicle routes which produce a combined route of 72 km with a daily distribution cost of IDR 147,000, and for the sequential insertion algorithm method we also get 2 vehicle routes which produce a combined route of 107 km with a daily distribution cost of IDR 182,000. Thus it can be concluded that routes formed using the Clarke and Wright Savings Algorithm are more effective and economical compared to routes formed using the Sequential Insertion
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Pettit, Benjamin, Andrea Flack, Robin Freeman, Tim Guilford und Dora Biro. „Not just passengers: pigeons, Columba livia , can learn homing routes while flying with a more experienced conspecific“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, Nr. 1750 (07.01.2013): 20122160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2160.
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For animals that travel in groups, the directional choices of conspecifics are potentially a rich source of information for spatial learning. In this study, we investigate how the opportunity to follow a locally experienced demonstrator affects route learning by pigeons over repeated homing flights. This test of social influences on navigation takes advantage of the individually distinctive routes that pigeons establish when trained alone. We found that pigeons learn routes just as effectively while flying with a partner as control pigeons do while flying alone. However, rather than learning the exact route of the demonstrator, the paired routes shifted over repeated flights, which suggests that the birds with less local experience also took an active role in the navigational task. The efficiency of the original routes was a key factor in how far they shifted, with less efficient routes undergoing the greatest changes. In this context, inefficient routes are unlikely to be maintained through repeated rounds of social transmission, and instead more efficient routes are achieved because of the interaction between social learning and information pooling.
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Siahaan, Neagel Banderas Zepanya, Sutan Parasian Silitonga und Ina Elvina. „Analysis of Student Route Choice Model to University of Palangka Raya Using Multilogit Nomial Method“. Sainteks: Jurnal Sain dan Teknik 6, Nr. 1 (28.03.2024): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37577/sainteks.v6i1.618.
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The various types of routes or traffic routes that will be taken to University of Palangka Raya require route selection so that it can be efficient in distance, travel time and cost. In the selection of this road network route, route selection will be analyzed from the results of field calculations with the perceptions of road users. The data is analyzed with the help of the SPSS application so that it can be seen which routes are most attractive to students when traveling to University of Palangka Raya, factors that influence students in choosing routes to University of Palangka Raya, and characteristics of users of travel routes to University of Palangka Raya. The methods used in this research are Descriptive Method and Multilogit Nomial Method. Based on the results of research with 664 respondents, the variables that influence the selection of student routes to University of Palangka Raya between Murung Raya Dormitory, Keminting, and Yos Soedarso are distance from residence to campus, distance (dummy variable), how to travel and other reasons (dummy variable), with probability results amounting to: Pasrama = 1.1%, Pkeminting = 69.3%, Pyos soedarso = 29.7%, Plainnya = 0%.
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El-Bany, Marwa S. „Optimization of Bike Routes for Sustainable Urban Road Network“. ABC Journal of Advanced Research 10, Nr. 1 (30.06.2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/abcjar.v10i1.571.
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The transport department of urban cities always needs to keep abreast of sustainable developments such as in Port Said city that is an important urban city in Egypt. Bike routes planning mission is not an easy occupation, especially in developing countries. Mixed traffic is the main shape of the transportation system in most of their systems. The increase of the bike user's percent is an expected objective and be one of the modern sustainable transport solutions. On another side, a lot of problems and accidents had been occurred according to bike crossings among other transport vehicles; cars, buses, taxis, and others. This paper aims at studying the introduction of the bike route's effectiveness. It concludes the driver's reaction to a definite planning scenario and the optimistic effect of the modal change on the objective function that has been assumed by attaching a suitable time-saving for bike users using the Artificial Neural Network ANNs Approach. It shows the effect of bike speed change on the route using a greedy algorithm. The study designated only four streets from seven selected streets to be suitable routes for bike routes introduction. The average bike speed is predicted to increase from 1.5 km per hour to be 2.4 km per hour after introducing the bike routes.
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Warren, Kenneth J. „Productivity Frequency Index“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1571, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1571-02.
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The frequency of bus service on a specific route is directly related to the number of passengers using the route. Routes that exhibit high ridership should be provided frequent service, whereas routes with low ridership should be provided less frequent service. The productivity frequency index used by the Milwaukee County Transit System quantitatively measures the relationships between ridership demand and the frequency of service for each bus route both by route segment and by time of day. Use of this measure assists the transit system in equitably allocating the supply of transit service between individual routes, thereby resulting in more effective and efficient operations.
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SUN, XIAO-YAN, QING-YI HAO, MU-REN LIU und BING-HONG WANG. „FLOW IMPROVEMENT BY PROVIDING PARTIAL TRAFFIC INFORMATION FOR ROAD USERS“. International Journal of Modern Physics C 22, Nr. 02 (Februar 2011): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183111016142.
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In this paper, we investigate two two-route traffic models, i.e. asymmetric and symmetric two-route traffic models, with mean velocity information feedback strategy. The simulation results show that, for asymmetric two-route model, average flux can be significantly improved if only partial road information is provided for road users. However, for symmetric two-route model, average flux of the two routes adopting information feedback cannot outweigh the flux of two routes chosen completely at random. We explain the results by studying the vehicle number on two routes. We hope the study may provide a good suggestion to the design of Advanced Traveler Information Systems.
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Dymkov, Artem. „TRAVEL ROUTE PLANNING AND TRACKING APPS“. SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 7, Nr. 2 (2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2021-7-2-22-31.
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The quality of a tourist trip depends on many factors, and one of the essential is route consistency route. This geographical factor influences the popularity, usefulness, efficiency and tourist travel safety. Drawing up logical routes requires not only a maximum of regional information, but also the developer experience. The creation of clear and convenient routes will allow for more organized tourism activities and reduce the chaotic load on the natural environment. Based on the analysis of applications for planning and tracking routes, this article focuses on the methodology for calculating the time of passage of multi-day cycling routes in main categories and solve the problem of symbiosis between geography and tourism practice. Article will talk about programs that will help you create a route and stick to it along the way.
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VETROVA, T. A. „DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPTS «SUB-ROOUT» AND «SUB-GROUP»“. World of transport and technological machines 5(82), Nr. 3 (2023): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2023-3-5(82)-80-85.
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The existing methods for constructing routes and route networks are based on the analysis of statistical data on stable passenger flows. The method of dynamic management of public transport routes developed by the author implies the need to build bus routes in real time, taking into account current demand. It is based on working with subroutes and sub-groups of passengers, which necessitates further theoretical development of these concepts. In the work, the author estab-lished the dependences of the change in the maximum number of subgroups of passengers on the haul on the number of stopping points of the route for pendulum and ring routes.
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Bin, Chenzhong, Tianlong Gu, Yanpeng Sun, Liang Chang und Lei Sun. „A Travel Route Recommendation System Based on Smart Phones and IoT Environment“. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (14.07.2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7038259.
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Tourism recommendation systems play a vital role in providing useful travel information to tourists. However, existing systems rarely aim at recommending tangible itineraries for tourists within a specific POI due to their lack of onsite travel behavioral data and related route mining algorithms. To this end, a novel travel route recommendation system is proposed, which collects tourist onsite travel behavior data automatically regarding a specific POI based on smart phone and IoT technology. Then, the proposed system preprocesses the behavior data to transform raw behavior sequences into Tourist-Behavior pattern sequences. Subsequently, the system discovers frequent travel routes from the generated pattern sequences by using an original route mining algorithm, named Tourist-Behavior PrefixSpan. Finally, a route-recommending method is designed to search and rank tangible travel routes according to the querying tourist’s profile and constraint. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system is efficient and effective in recommending POI-oriented tangible travel routes considering tourists’ route constraints and personal profile while ensuring that the suggested routes have considerable route values.
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Han, Yan, Hongzhi Guan und Jiaying Duan. „Tour Route Multiobjective Optimization Design Based on the Tourist Satisfaction“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/603494.
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The question prompted is how to design the tour route to make the tourists get the maximum satisfactions considering the tourists’ demand. The influence factors of the tour route choices of tourists were analyzed and tourists’ behavior characteristics and psychological preferences were regarded as the important influence factors based on the tourist behavioral theories. A questionnaire of tourists’ tour route information and satisfaction degree was carried out. Some information about the scene spot and tourists demand and tour behaviors characteristic such as visit frequency, number of attractions visited was obtained and analyzed. Based on the convey datum, tour routes multiobjective optimization functions were prompted for the tour route design regarding the maximum satisfaction and the minimum tour distance as the optimal objective. The available routes are listed and categorized. Based on the particle swarm optimization model, the priorities of the tour route are calculated and finally the suggestion depth tour route and quick route tour routes are given considering the different tour demands of tourists. The results can offer constructive suggestions on how to design tour routes on the part of tourism enterprises and how to choose a proper tour route on the part of tourists.
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Baisa, Said Muhammad, Arif Imran, Hilman Maulana und Alif Ulfa Afifah. „Efficient Route Planning for Flour Distribution: A Heuristic Approach“. Jurnal Sistem Teknik Industri 26, Nr. 2 (29.07.2024): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jsti.v26i2.17223.
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This company operates in the Food and Beverage sector, selling Martabak, an Indonesian snack. The company needs to deliver flour to 25 branches spread across Bandung, Indonesia, every day, with varying demand capacities at each branch. Each day, the total amount of flour to be delivered is 377 boxes. Currently, the company has 12 distribution routes with a total distance of 271,16 km, with each route covering only two stores. However, these routes are too many and vehicle capacities need to be optimized, resulting in a high total travelled distance. The aim of this research is to optimize the delivery routes to reduce the total travelled distance and number of routes. To address this issue, known as the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), heuristic methods were employed, specifically the nearest neighbour method for initial route construction and Intra-Route (1-0) Insertion for improvement. Implementing these heuristic methods resulted in a final total of 6 distribution routes with a total distance of 160,90 km. This method successfully reduced the total travelled distance by 110,26 km and reduced the number of routes by 6. In conclusion, the application of heuristic methods in solving the VRP for this company proved to be effective in reducing both the total travelled distance and the number of routes, thereby enhancing the operational efficiency of the delivery process.