Zeitschriftenartikel: „Rot disease of tea“

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Islam, Mohammed Syeful, Iftekhar Ahmad und Mohammad Ali. „Biocontrol studies on rizpspheric microorganisms against black rot disease of tea caused by Corticium theae Bernard“. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 47, Nr. 4 (31.12.2018): 985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v47i4.47399.

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Assessment of plant growth promoter and biocontrol properties of plant growth promoting rhizomicroorganisms (PGPR) from tea soil against black rot disease agent of tea caused by Corticium theae Bernard in Bangladesh was done. The antagonistic microorganisms were isolated from rhizosphere soils of tea fields and cultured on different nutrient media. The isolates were screened for their antagonism against Corticium theae by dual culture technique. The microbial strains were inoculated with tea nursery soils by mixing with 50 g of decomposed cowdung. In tea plantations, the microbial strains were sprayed on diseased plants two times at 15 days intervals. Four different species of PGPR strains such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Trichoderma were isolated from rhizospheric soil of tea. These PGPR strains enhanced plant growth in nursery and had a positive effect on the rate of increased in number of leaves, height of plants and girth of plants by 33, 43 and 3%, respectively. Lowest severity of black rot was found in plants treated with Trichoderma followed by Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces strains. Trichoderma and Bacillus caused 16 and 14% reduction of disease severity while both Pseudomonas and Streptomyces strains reduced disease severity by 10%. All the PGPR’s have a great influence in reducing disease severity by 19% with optimistic relations. Radial mycelial growth of C. theae was also inhibited in similar trends. The biofertilizer showed comparatively lower response in reducing disease severity (8%) in comparison to PGPR’s. It can be concluded that Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Trichoderma isolated from tea soil have their growth enhance capacity as well as decrease the disease severity of black rot in tea.

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Morang, Pranjal, Sashi Prava Devi und Satya Nath Doley. „Integrated Approach to Management of Brown Root Rot Disease of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L)O.Kuntze).“ Current Agriculture Research Journal 11, Nr. 2 (21.09.2023): 468–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.11.2.09.

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Abstract: Brown root rot disease caused by Fomes lamoensis and Trott has been identified as the primary root disease of tea. Indiscriminate use of chemicals in tea garden area has an adverse effect on the environment. For management of this root disease, integrated approach is required for sustainability in tea cultivation. The present study involves the use of five systemic fungicides, which were screened and tested against the pathogen. Total five fungicides used, among the fungicides propiconazole and hexaconazole was inhibit 98.51% and 100% growth of pathogen @ 100mg/l concentration. However bavistin, roko and ektino, showed in12.58%, 5.18% and1.48% inhibition respectively. Bacillus cereus and Trichoderma harzianum were also evaluated and efficiently inhibited F. lamoensis in vitro. The zone of inhibition varied from 10 to 15 mm in case of B. cereus and 10 to 16 mm in case of T. harzianum. The nursery experiment exhibited that tea plants at 120 days after the treatment (DAT) with the pathogen showed 76.66% disease incidence. The reduction in disease incidence (23.33% and 13.25% respectively) was observed when the plants were treated with biocontrol agents i.e.B. cereus and T. harzianum. In case of chemically treated plants only 10% disease incidence was observed. The results of the nursery experiment showed that both the chemicals and biocontrol agents significantly affected incidence of disease and promoted growth of tea measured in terms of shoot height, root length, number of new leaves, lateral branches, biomass of shoot and root over the control.

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Jimenez Feijoo, Maria Isabel, und Juan Manuel Cevallos-Cevallos. „Pathogenicity of Moniliophthora roreri isolates from selected morphology groups in harvested cacao pods and in vitro sensitivity to compost tea.“ Bionatura 6, Nr. 1 (15.02.2021): 1569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2021.06.01.19.

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Moniliopthora roreri is the frosty pod rot disease (FPD) and one of the most devastating cacao pathogens worldwide. However, M. roreri pathogenicity on harvested cacao pods and sensitivity to compost tea have not been fully described. Monosporic cultures of M. roreri from different morphology groups were obtained. The isolates’ pathogenicity was tested by inoculation onto harvested cacao pods, and symptoms were evaluated at 3-day intervals during 16 days before estimating the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The sensitivity of M. roreri to compost tea was evaluated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 1 to 5 % compost tea. All morphology groups could infect harvested cacao pods during the 16 days with a disease severity index abode 75 %. Compost tea completely inhibited the growth of M. roreri when used at 4.5 % or higher. Results suggest a shortened biotrophic phase during the infection in harvested pods and a medium to high sensitivity of M. roreri to compost tea.

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Kaur, Manjeet, Ashlesha Atri und Daljeet Singh. „Non-chemical management of stem rot disease of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)“. Range Management and Agroforestry 44, Nr. 02 (20.12.2023): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i2.12.

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Stem rot of Egyptian clover ( L.) is considered as one of the major constraints for green Trifolium alexandrinumfodder and seed yield. Berseem stem rot is incited by a soil borne pathogen . Botanical Sclerotinia sclerotiorumextracts of , , , neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) and organic Aegle marmelos Melia azedarach Murraya koenigiiproducts like panchagavya, compost tea and poultry manure were evaluated for the management of stem rot disease. Botanical extracts were applied as foliar spray and seed treatment as well and organic inputs were applied as soil application and foliar spray. Among botanicals, application of showed a significant A. marmelosreduction in stem rot by 54.50% with 24.20% increase in green fodder yield. Among organic inputs, application of panchagavya significantly controlled the stem rot disease by 46.15% and enhanced the green fodder yield by 21.30% than untreated control. Application of panchagavya followed by leaf extracts along A. marmeloswith significant disease control also enhanced green fodder yield during both seasons. Average disease control attained by application of panchagavya and was 54.50 and 46.15% and enhanced green A. marmelos fodder yield was 24.20 and 21.30%, respectively. The current study showed that plant extracts and organic inputs have potential for the management of stem rot of berseem.

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M., S. Islam, Ahmad I. und Ahmed M. „Present status of the black rot disease of tea in Bangladesh“. African Journal of Agricultural Research 11, Nr. 37 (15.09.2016): 3562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2016.11063.

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Hong, Y. C., W. Xin, J. J. Zeng, C. L. He,, Y. J. Dai, T. Wang und Z. F. Li. „Development of Tea bush replant disease by red root rot fungus“. Allelopathy Journal 43, Nr. 1 (Januar 2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j./2018-43-1-1130.

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Rajendran, Kalidoss, Ponnusamy Ponmurugan, Balasubramanian Mythili Gnanamangai, Ponmurugan Karuppiah, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Mujeeb Khan, Merajuddin Khan und Baji Shaik. „Bioefficacy of Lecanoric Acid Produced by Parmotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale against Tea Fungal Pathogens“. Horticulturae 9, Nr. 6 (16.06.2023): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060705.

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Lichens are symbiotic organisms that are composed of fungal partners and photosynthetic algal partners. During the symbiotic process in lichen thallus, the fungus synthesizes certain secondary metabolites in which lecanoric acid is very important in terms of antibiotic properties. Considering the vital importance of lecanoric acid, the present study aimed to produce lecanoric acid from the thallus of Parmotrema austrosinense lichen using Modified Bold’s basal salt medium and evaluate the bio-efficacy against tea fungal pathogens. Lecanoric acid was purified and confirmed by micro-crystallization method and subsequently bioassayed against tea fungal pathogens. The results revealed that lecanoric acid registered a significant antifungal activity in terms of the growth inhibition of test pathogens. Companion systemic and botanical fungicides were found to be inferior to lecanoric acid in the percentage of growth inhibition. The inhibition rate varied among tea pathogens. Of the tea pathogens tested, tea leaf disease-causing pathogens including Cercospora theae (C. theae), Glomerella cingulata (G. cingulate), and Phomopsis theae (P. theae) showed the highest percentage of growth inhibition followed by stem and root rot diseases. The present study suggests that lecanoric acid showed an inhibitory effect against tea pathogens, which might be due to antibiotic properties and fungicidal action of lecanoric acid.

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Ahmad, I., MNA Mamun, MS Islam, R. Ara, MAA Mamdud und AKMR Hoque. „Effect of different pruning operations on the incidence and severity of various diseases of tea plant“. Journal of Bio-Science 24 (18.07.2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v24i0.37482.

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To analyze the effect of different pruning operation on the incidence and severity of different diseases of tea (Camellia sinensis) plant. An experiment was carried out at the Bilashchara Experimental Farm of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal. Three places of the sections were selected randomly that received LP (Light Prune), DSK (deep skiff), MSK (medium skiff) and LSK (light skiff) operations. Every bush was critically observed before and after pruning operations and all infected diseases were recorded. Disease severity was expressed as percent disease index (PDI). MSTAT program was used for statistical snalysis. After pruning operation, maximum incidence 33.33% and severity 8.20% of Grey brown blight was found in LSK. Horse hair blight maximum incidence (18%) and maximum severity (6.27%) both were found in LSK. In thread blight maximum incidence was in MSK 22.67% and maximum severity was 7% in LSK. The highest % reduction of branch canker both in incidence and severity was observed in LP section followed by DSK, MSK and LSK. In case of Gall disease maximum incidence and severity both was LSK 24.67% and 7.60%. The highest incidence of black rot was in LSK 41.33% and severity 12.87% was in MSK. From the study, it was recommending that without using any chemicals, only by different pruning operations and proper cleaning can reduce the in incidence and severity of those diseases.J. bio-sci. 24: 01-09, 2016

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Ponmurugan, Ponnusamy, Kolandasamy Manjukarunambika, Viswanathan Elango und Balasubramanian Mythili Gnanamangai. „Antifungal activity of biosynthesised copper nanoparticles evaluated against red root-rot disease in tea plants“. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 11, Nr. 13 (20.06.2016): 1019–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17458080.2016.1184766.

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Manjukarunambika, K., P. Ponmurugan und S. Marimuthu. „Efficacy of various fungicides and indigenous biocontrol agents against red root rot disease of tea plants“. European Journal of Plant Pathology 137, Nr. 1 (02.05.2013): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-013-0217-4.

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Dhar Purkayastha, Gargee, Preeti Mangar, Aniruddha Saha und Dipanwita Saha. „Evaluation of the biocontrol efficacy of a Serratia marcescens strain indigenous to tea rhizosphere for the management of root rot disease in tea“. PLOS ONE 13, Nr. 2 (21.02.2018): e0191761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191761.

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Saad, Shaban E., Zuhra M. Mohammed, Issa E. Amara, Khaled Aburas und Akram Abrahem. „Neuroprotective Effect of Coffee and Tea on Haloperidol-InducedParkinson's Disease in Rat Model“. Libyan Journal of Medical Research 16, Nr. 2 (31.12.2022): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54361/ljmr.16207.

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Background:Coffee and Tea are very popular beverages in Libyan society. They contain many bioactive substances such as polyphenols and catchiness that could have some effects for instance; antioxidant activity. The way of preparation of tea and coffee drinks are different among society. For example, in Libya tea drink is prepared by boiling the crude of fresh tea for 10 min. Therefore, the method of extraction could influence the type and quality of extracted substances. Aims: The goal of the current study was to examine the neuroprotective properties of coffee and tea beverages made by using traditional Libyan techniqueson Parkinson's disease like symptoms induced by haloperidol.Methods: Different tea and coffee beverages (treatment) were prepared and given to rats in a concentration 10%w/v for 3 consecutive weeks.Tea and coffee beverages were made as Libyans do. At day 21, rats were injected IP with 1mg/kg of haloperidol, afterward, the behavioral and motor parameters for Parkinson’s disease were tested.Results:Coffee and Tea treated groups showed significant improvement (p > 0.05)inthe behavioral activity, and in muscle coordination. Also there was a decrease in oxidation markers as treatment resulted in an elevation of glutathione reductase and decreasing in Malondialdehyde levels. In addition, the histopathological investigation showed a reduction in haloperidol induced damage in substantia nigra.Conclusion:The results showeda possible neuroprotective effect of Coffee and Tea against PD.The mechanism of protection might be due to an antioxidant activity.

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Prasanna, S. Lakshmi, und S. Ravi. „In vitro evaluation for the efficacy of the chemicals/ antibiotics, botanicals and bioagents against black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) of cauliflower in plains of Kerala“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 16, Nr. 1 (15.01.2021): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/16.1/59-63.

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Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) is one of the important cool season vegetable crop grown in India. One of the major disease which causes huge loss (50-70%) is black rot of cauliflower caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris. In the present studyin vitro evaluation of chemicals/ antibiotics, botanicals and bio agents were studied and best selected treatments were studied at field level. Two antibiotics-Streptocycline, Tetracycline, (100,200,250ppm); Two chemicals- Copper oxychloride, Copper hydroxide, (0.15%, 0.2%); one combination of antibiotic and chemical Copper oxychloride + Streptocycline (0.15%+100ppm). Four botanicals leaf extract of tea, tea waste decoction, garlic extract, turmeric extract at two different concentrations 5 and 10 per cent and two bioagents Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluoresces were tested for their efficacy against Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris. The results were garlic extract 10 per cent was found to be effective against the pathogen followed by tetracycline 250 ppm. The untreated control recorded the maximum disease incidence, followed by turmeric extract 10 per cent application. But there observed no significant difference among the treatments Tetracycline 250, 200 ppm, P. fluorescens, copper hydroxide 0.2%, garlic extract 5 per cent and turmeric extract 10 per cent are found to be on par.

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Barroso, Karol Alves, Xênia Bastos de Oliveira, Márcia Ferreira Queiroz, Camila De Oliveira Almeida, Vitor Prates Lorenzo, Flávia Cartaxo Ramalho Vilar, Cristiane Domingos da Paz und Ana Rosa Peixoto. „Efficacy of essential oils in the management of soft rot caused by Pectobacterium aroidearum in lettuce“. Bioscience Journal 37 (29.12.2021): e37095. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-54179.

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Lettuce is susceptible to several diseases, especially soft rot caused by bacteria of the genus Pectobacterium. Due to the adaptability of this pathogen and the lack of disease control registered for the crop, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of essential oils in the management of soft rot caused by P. aroidearum in lettuce. The study was developed at the Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, and the essential oils (EOs) of orange, bergamot, lemongrass, palmarosa, citronella, cloves, tea tree, rosemary, sage, and ginger were used in concentrations of 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 and 1.0% to assess the in vitro growth inhibition of the bacterium. Subsequently, the curative effects of the disease were evaluated by applying the EOs that obtained the best results in vitro in lettuce plants of the susceptible variety “Mônica”. The treatments were applied, via spraying, 12 hours after inoculation using the bite method with bacterial suspension. The best in vivo treatment was selected to assess its preventive and curative activity, as well as to find the ideal concentration for reducing epidemiological variables and chromatographic characterization. The EOs of palmarosa, sage, citronella, lemongrass, and cloves (0.25%), and that of sage (0.75%), inhibited bacterial growth in vitro. The EO of salvia showed the best results in vivo, inhibiting the growth of the disease in concentrations of 0.50 and 0.75%, so it was selected for the preventive and curative control tests alone. The preventive treatment was not efficient for the management of soft rot in lettuce, however, from the regression analysis, a concentration of 0.64% of the salvia EO was found as a potential for curative control of this bacteriosis, as it reduces the incidence and severity of the disease. Linalyl acetate and linalool were found in higher concentrations in the chromatographic analysis. These components, probably, conferred the bactericidal capacity of the EO of sage, being potential for the use in the control of P. aroidearum in lettuce.

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Kolandasamy, Manjukarunambika, und Ponmurugan Ponnusamy. „Expression of phenolics and defence-related enzymes in relation to red root rot disease of tea plants“. Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection 46, Nr. 4 (Februar 2013): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2012.743390.

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BORA, POPY, und L. C. BORA. „Disease management in horticulture crops through microbial interventions: An overview“. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, Nr. 8 (14.10.2020): 1389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i8.105900.

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Horticultural crops-based nutritional security is now a buzz word to Indian agriculture. Significant level of progress has been made towards the management of some pandemic pathogens affecting the production economics of horticultural crops. Some of these pathogens are : Fusarium oxysporum, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp, Xanthomonas spp., Colletotrichum spp., Pencillium spp , Alternaria spp etc. Many soil-borne diseases as well as post harvest fungi are effectively addressed through a variety of bioagents belonging to predominant microbial genera represented by Trichoderma spp., Bacillus spp., Gliocadium spp. and fluorescent Pseudomonads. Our thumping success with different microbial bioformulations showed an effective control of both pests and diseases in major crops of northeast India comprising tea, banana, turmeric, ginger, in addition to bacterial wilt of Bhoot jolokia, tomato, hydroponic lettuce and Rhizoctonia- induced root rot management of chilli and patchouli. These area wide and crop wide results put forth a renewed claim in favour of developing a vibrant organic horticulture in years to come. All these issues are analysed highlighting the future use of rhizospheric and endophytic plant beneficial microbes as dominant communities.

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Mihajlovic, Milica, Emil Rekanovic, Jovana Hrustic, Mila Grahovac, Marija Stevanovic und Brankica Tanovic. „Can Sclerotinia stem and root rot be managed effectively without causing environmental imbalance in soil?“ Pesticidi i fitomedicina 38, Nr. 1 (2023): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif2301011m.

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Sclerotinia stem and root rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is considered to be an important soil-borne disease of over 400 plant species, including a wide range of species important for agriculture. In vitro and in vivo sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum to several commercial fungicides and biofungicides was studied. The highest efficacy was achieved by boscalid (98%) and fluopyram (80%), and the lowest by a B. subtilis-based product (5%). The isolate was sensitive to all tested products in vitro. Considering the tested synthetic fungicides, fluopyram exhibited the highest toxicity (EC50=0.003 mg/l), while captan exhibited the lowest (EC50=8.94mg/l). Even lower efficacy was achieved by tea tree oil and B. subtilis-based products. The environmental impact of pesticides and biopesticides used for Sclerotinia control was assessed. Modeling of predicted environmental concentrations in soil (PECsoil), coupled with literature toxicity data, served for assessment of pesticides soil risks. A high long-term risk for earthworms was revealed for captan and thiophanate-methyl. Based on both efficacy and risk assessment results, fluopyram was found to have the best properties of all tested conventional pesticides, while tea tree oil exerted better performance than the Bacillus product. Further investigation of combined use of conventional and biopesticides might reveal new perspectives regarding effective Sclerotinia control, while simultaneously reducing negative environmental impact.

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Mohanan, C. „Bacterial diseases of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) in forest nurseries and plantations in Kerala and their management“. Indian Journal of Forestry 32, Nr. 1 (01.03.2009): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-r4n394.

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Bacterial diseases caused by Pseudomonas tectonae in Teak (Tectona grandis) nurseries and young 9 to 18 months old plantations raised in the Kerala State have been recorded. P. tectonae causes cotyledon rot, collar rot and wilt of seedlings in conventional seedbed nurseries as well as root trainer nurseries and vascular wilt of plants in young plantations. Severe disease incidence resulted in partial to complete failure of nurseries and large-scale mortality of plants in young plantations. Diseases in nursery, can be managed by following proper hygiene nursery practices and also; by application of bactericides (Pantmycin/Oxytetracycline/ Streptocycline @1000 ppm as soil drench). Spread of disease from nursery to plantation can be managed by preparing planting material (stump/seedlings) from disease free nursery stock and following strict quarantine measures.

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Elango, Viswanathan, Kolandasamy Manjukarunambika, Ponnusamy Ponmurugan und Subbagoundar Marimuthu. „Evaluation of Streptomyces spp. for effective management of Poria hypolateritia causing red root-rot disease in tea plants“. Biological Control 89 (Oktober 2015): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.05.003.

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Keman, Soedjajadi. „Low-Density Polyethylene Microplastics in the Blood Seems not Induce Alzheimer’s Disease in Wistar Rat“. Public Health Open Access 7, Nr. 2 (2023): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/phoa-16000250.

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Microplastic particles <5 mm in the blood pose health problems to humans. One of the entry points for low density polyethylene microplastics in the human blood is through consumption of contaminated food. These low density polyethylene microplastic particles are found in table salt, canned sardines, beer, sea fish, honey, sugar, tea bags, minerals and drinking water. These findings estimated between 37 to as high as billion microplastic particles from those various food products. The number of low density polyethylene microplastic particles that contaminate food and beverages will continue to increase along with the increase in plastic debris in the environment.

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Bardakova, S. A. „Diseases of roses of the tea-hybrid garden group of the collection of the Stavropol Botanical Garden“. Agrarian science, Nr. 5 (17.06.2022): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-359-5-105-108.

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Relevance. Conducting research on the resistance of hybrid tea roses to phytopathogenic harmful organisms and determining the species composition of pathogens and factors affecting their developmen.Methods. The objects of the study were the causative agents of fungal diseases of varieties of hybrid tea roses from the collection of the Stavropol Botanical Garden. The research was carried out using the Methodology of state variety testing of agricultural crops.Results. The results of studying the species composition of mycosis pathogens on varieties of roses of the tea-hybrid garden group of the collection of the Stavropol Botanical Garden are presented. The nature and degree of damage to plants is described, the causes are established and methods of containment of diseases are developed. The most harmful and common diseases on hybrid tea roses in growing conditions are: powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa Lew. var. rosae Voron.); downy mildew (Peronoplasmopara sparsa (Berk.) Uljan.); rust (is caused by 2 pathogens — Phragmidium mucronatum (Pers.) Schltdl., Phragmidium tuberculatum Mϋll. Hal.); gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) and leaf spotting of different types: black spot (Diplocarpon rosae F.A. Wolf. = Marssonina rosae (Lib.) Diet.); septoria (Septoria rosae Desm.); cercosporiasis (Cercospora rosiola Pass.), the development of which was facilitated by meteorological conditions over the years of research. Evaluation of hybrid tea cultivaris of roses for resistance to fungal diseases was carried out in 2019-2021 in the collection of the Stavropol botanical garden on a natural infectious background on a 5-point scale during the period of mass spread of diseases. Despite the fact that all cultivaris of hybrid tea roses are affected by fungal diseases, it has been found that different cultivaris are affected differently. According to the degree of resistance to the complex of diseases, 4 cultivaris received 1 point (practically resistant), 52 cultivaris received 2 points (weakly affected), 74 cultivaris received 3 points (mediumly affected), 33 cultivaris received 4 points (strongly affected). Regular monitoring of the phytosanitary state of the studied cultivaris, biological and chemical protection measures made it possible to reduce the massive spread of fungal diseases and preserve the decorative effect of plants.

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ELmorsy, K., A. Morsy und T. ELnaggar. „Effect of Tea and Powder Compost on Control of Root Rot Disease Severity and some Chemical Components of Soybean.“ Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 7, Nr. 11 (01.11.2016): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2016.52133.

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Morang, P., S. P. Devi, D. K. Jha, B. K. Dutta und B. S. Dileep Kumar. „Tea root brown-rot fungus disease reduction and yield recovery with rhizobacteria inoculation in both nursery and field trials“. Rhizosphere 6 (Juni 2018): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2018.06.001.

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Misiha, Philemon, A. Aly, M. Tohamy und M. Atia. „ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE AND ROOT ROT DISEASE INFECTING PEPPER PLANTS BY APPLICATION COMPOST AND TEA COMPOST“. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research 46, Nr. 4 (01.07.2019): 1053–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zjar.2019.47065.

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Oyewole, Olu, Omowumi Adewale und Juliana Adetunji. „In vivo Effects of Black and Green Tea on Serum Lipid Profile and Cardiac Function in Hyperlipidemic Rats“. Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine 5, Nr. 1 (06.08.2019): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51152/jbarbiomed.v5i1.26.

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Objective: The study was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of black and green tea consumption on serum lipid profile and cardiac function in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: 24 male Wistar rats, average weight 125 g were sorted into four groups: A, B, C and D. Normal control group (A) were fed standard rat chow; the remaining three groups (B, C and D) received rat chow supplemented with 2% (w/w) cholesterol to induce hypercholesterolemia. Group C and D were administered 40 mg/ml of black and green tea respectively while group B (hyperlipidemic control) were not treated. The feeding and tea administration lasted 6 weeks. Results: Significant reduction in body weight and heart weight index was recorded in rats administered black and green tea compared with the untreated group. Black and green tea consumption also caused significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk ratio accompanied with elevated HDL-cholesterol compared to untreated group. Significant alterations in cardiac marker enzymes: creatine kinase (CK), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also observed in serum and heart homogenates of untreated hyperlipidemic rats which were normalized in rats administered the teas. These results are synonymous with decreased risk of atherosclerosis and protective potential on cardiac function by green and black tea. Conclusion: We conclude in this study that regular intake of black and green tea might be useful in treatment of obesity and prevention of cardiovascular complications arising from hyperlipidemia.

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Aguilar Anccota, René, Silverio Apaza Apaza, EDGAR ABRAHAM MALDONADO DUQUE, Yuri Holsin Calle Cheje, Robert Richard Rafael Rutte, Kenny Ruben Montalvo Morales, Mercedes Milagros More Yarleque, Ricardo Chávez C., Pierina Lizet Chuquicusma Culquicondor und Davies Arturo Morales Pizarro. „Control in vitro e in vivo de Thielaviopsis paradoxa y Colletotrichum musae con biofungicidas en frutos de banano orgánico“. Manglar 21, Nr. 1 (02.04.2024): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2024.006.

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Piura is the region with the largest organic banana production in Peru; however, the post-harvest disease crown rot has generated large economic losses. Therefore, the following objectives were raised: to evaluate the efficacy of biofungicides in vitro and in vivo for the control of this disease. The products used were: oregano extract, citric acid; ascorbic acid, bioflavonoids; biofertilizer and tea tree oil. In vitro, the "poisoned medium" method was used. In vivo, fruits were inoculated with conidial suspensions at 1 x 104 CFU ml-1 of the phytopathogens Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Colletotrichum musae. The biofungicides were prepared according to the commercial dose. The products were applied, and the fungi were inoculated with manual sprayers. The banana clusters with treatment were placed in 18,4 kg cardboard boxes and packed, incubating at 13 °C for 18 days and 4 days in a maturation chamber with ethylene gas. In vitro, the biofungicides: oregano extract (1450 ppm) and citric acid (2825 ppm) obtained 100% inhibition in the growth of the mycelium of T. paradoxa and C. musae. In fruits, the lowest severity index was for the citrus extract biofungicide (4275 ppm), registering 0,0% against T. paradoxa and C. musae.

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Trisetiyono, Yuli, und Yosef adi Artanto. „#19 : Green Tea Extract Inhibits Endometriosis Progression by Increasing Superoxide Dismutase Serum Levels in the Rat Models“. Fertility & Reproduction 05, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2023): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318223743576.

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Background and Aims: Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and affecting 10-15% of females of reproductive age. Oxidative stress has been reported as one of the main promoting factors of this disease. Green tea and its anti-angiogenic and antioxidant properties have promising potential to prevent the progression of endometriosis. This study aims to investigate the effect of green tea extract on endometriotic implant area and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in endometriosis rat models. Method: Twenty-six Balb/c female rats were randomized into two groups of equal size: experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). All subjects in EG were given green tea extract 3 mg daily for 14 days. Endometriosis was induced on the fourteenth day in all subjects in both groups. The data of the endometriotic implant area and serum SOD were obtained and analyzed fourteen days after the induction of endometriosis. Results: The endometriotic implant area of the group treated with green tea extract was significantly lower (p=0,022) RR=0,455, 95%CI=0.065-0,96) compared to the control group. The serum level of SOD in EG and CG were 5.33±0.52 ng/ml and 5.20±0.91 ng/ml, respectively (p=0.507). Conclusion: Green tea extract inhibits endometriotic implant progression and increases the level of serum SOD in endometriosis-induced rat models.

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Nabilah, Siti, Rofiq Sunaryanto und Khaswar Syamsu. „Optimization of Penicillium Lagena Medium Cultivication on Antifungal Pathogen of Phellinus Lamaoensis Using Surface Methode“. Teknik 38, Nr. 2 (02.01.2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/teknik.v38i2.10306.

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Phellinus lamaoensis (Murr.) Hein is fungal pathogen that can cause brown root rot disease in cocoa, tea, rubber, and coffee plants. Endophytic fungi, Penicillium lagena, isolated from bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides Linn.), medicinal plant, is able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic, P. lamaoensis. The effect of carbon source, nitrogen source, and mineral solution was studied. Lactose, yeast extract, and mineral solution were media components which showed significant effect toward production of P. lagena active compound. Composition optimization of these three medium components was done by response surface methodology (RSM). The Optimal response region of the significant factor was predicted by using a second order polynomial model with statistical design, central composite design (CCD). Higest production of P. lagena active compound by quadratic model was predicted to be 69.233% with medium composition 44.77 g L-1 lactose, 13.02 g L-1 yeast extract, and 15.95 mL L-1 mineral solution. Verification value in laboratory is 58.365%, lower 15.7% than its prediction. Optimization increase P. lagena active compound 9 fold compared to unoptimize media.

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Burhannuddin, I. Wayan Karta, I. Gusti Ngurah Dwija Putra und Felicia Kartawidjajaputra. „The Effect of Cang Salak Tea Diet on Apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) Gene Expression on Hyperlipidemic Rats Model“. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 29, Nr. 6 (11.07.2022): 814–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.29.6.814-823.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global mortality and disability. Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for CVD that can be controlled through medical therapy, appropriate nutrition, and lifestyle. This study aimed to identify the cang salak tea diet’s effect on the ApoC3 gene expression in a hyperlipidemia rat. 18 male Wistar rats were divided equally into three groups. A high-fat-diet-induced two groups of rats, and one group was the control. Once hyperlipidemia had been achieved, one of the two groups was treated with the cang salak tea, and one group was given a standard diet for four weeks. Authenticated rat and liver tissue were collected as a source of RNA isolation. Isolated RNA was used as a reaction template for the relative quantitation qPCR using β-actin as the housekeeping gene. The ApoC3 gene was specifically amplified with a Tm value of 82.73°C, Cq 17-19, and produced a sigmoid curve. The relative expression level of the ApoC3 gene in hyperlipidemia rats fed with the cang salak tea diet was 0.46 times significantly lower than the control (1.17) and P2 (1.32) groups. These results indicate that the cang salak tea has antihyperlipidemic properties to reduce CVD risk.

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Madbouly, Adel Kamel. „The Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver in Reducing the Incidence of Post-Harvest Apple Fruit Brown Rot“. Journal of Fungi 7, Nr. 6 (10.06.2021): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060473.

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This study aimed to green synthesize nanosilver (AgNPs) using black tea extract and use it as a nanopreservative to increase the shelf life of stored apple fruits. Ultraviolet visible absorption (UV–vis) analysis of AgNPs recorded two λ max values at 260 and 452 nm. Transmission electron microscope and dynamic light scattering analyses showed that AgNPs are spherical in shape and have an average size of 20 and 170.6 nm, respectively, with a zeta potential of −20.06 mV. An in vitro assay confirmed the antifungal potential of AgNPs against M. fructigena when applied at 200 mg/L and preincubated for 4 days, reducing the radial growth by 96.1%. At the same dose and preincubation period, AgNPs caused a significant reduction in the diameter and fresh weight of brown rotted lesions in apple fruits artificially coinoculated with the pathogen by 77.4% and 84.4%, respectively. AgNPs caused the leakage of proteins and DNA from M. fructigena conidia and did not express cytotoxicity against the human HaCaT cell lines. Accordingly, green synthesized AgNPs are eco-friendly and economical and do not pose harm to human health; thus, they could be used as an effective nanopreservative in apple fruit stores to reduce the incidence of brown rot disease.

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Chakraborty, U., B. N. Chakraborty, M. Basnet und A. P. Chakraborty. „Evaluation ofOchrobactrum anthropiTRS-2 and its talc based formulation for enhancement of growth of tea plants and management of brown root rot disease“. Journal of Applied Microbiology 107, Nr. 2 (August 2009): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04242.x.

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Ribeiro da Silva, Andre Luiz Biscaia, Joara Secchi Candian, Elizanilda Ramalho do Rego, Timothy Coolong und Bhabesh Dutta. „Screening Cabbage Cultivars for Resistance to Black Rot under Field Conditions“. HortTechnology 30, Nr. 3 (Juni 2020): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04481-19.

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The use of resistant cultivars against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is considered a critical management practice for black rot (BR) management in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Although most studies that have evaluated resistance to BR were conducted in greenhouses without accounting for yield, there is a clear need to investigate cultivar performance under field conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate commercial cabbage cultivars for resistance to BR and determine yield and head quality under field conditions. Field experiments with eight cultivars (Acclaim, Bravo, Capture, Celebrate, Cheers, Melissa, Monterey, and TCA-549) were conducted in two cabbage growing seasons, Fall 2018 and Spring 2019. Fields were spray-inoculated with Xcc (3 × 105 cfu/mL) at 35 and 49 days after transplanting in Fall 2018 and Spring 2019, respectively. Cabbage BR severity was evaluated at weekly intervals starting from 7 days postinoculation (DPI) until harvest. Marketable and unmarketable yields and cabbage head quality were measured at harvest. Cabbage BR symptoms were detected in all tested cultivars for both growing seasons with initial symptoms observed as early as 28 and 21 DPI in Fall 2018 and Spring 2019, respectively. Severity of cabbage BR at harvest was significantly greater in Fall 2018 compared with Spring 2019, whereas marketable yield was significantly higher in Spring 2019 (45,169 lb/acre) compared with Fall 2018 (26,370 lb/acre). In both growing seasons, ‘TCA-549’ had the lowest severity of BR and ‘Melissa’ had the highest severity of BR. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was 175 and 13 for ‘TCA-549’ in Fall 2018 and Spring 2019, respectively. The AUDPC for ‘Melissa’ in Fall 2018 and Spring 2019 were 2376 and 905, respectively. Regardless of growing season, cabbage marketable yield was higher for ‘Acclaim’ (51,760 lb/acre) compared with all other cultivars; however, there was no significant difference between Acclaim and TCA-549 (42,934 lb/acre) for cabbage marketable yield. Cabbage marketable yield was the lowest for cultivars Melissa (18,275 lb/acre) and Capture (24,236 lb/acre). Overall, there was a significant correlation between BR disease severity and cabbage marketable and unmarketable yields. Increasing the BR severity decreased cabbage marketability due to an increase in unmarketable yields. Continued development of cultivar resistance to BR is important for cabbage production in the southeastern United States, given the favorable conditions for disease development. The use of cultivars with low susceptibility, pathogen-free seeds, crop rotation, and proper spraying programs should be considered the best management practice for BR disease.

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Liu, Changwei, Hongzhe Zeng, Ronggang Jiang, Kuofei Wang, Jian Ouyang, Shuai Wen, Liyuan Peng, Hao Xu, Jianan Huang und Zhonghua Liu. „Effects of Mulberry Leaf Fu Tea on the Intestines and Intestinal Flora of Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rats“. Foods 12, Nr. 21 (02.11.2023): 4006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12214006.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by hyperglycemia, an imbalance in the intestinal flora and disruption of the endocrine system. At present, it is primarily controlled through drug treatment and an improved diet. Mulberry leaf and fu brick tea were considered to have excellent hypoglycemic effects. This study used mulberry leaves and fu brick tea as raw materials to develop a dietary regulator that can assist in the prevention and alleviation of diabetes. The experiment used the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf fu tea (MFT) and its influence on the intestinal flora of diabetic rats through methods including ELISA, tissue section observation and 16S RNA microbial sequencing. The results showed that, compared with the GK group, the intervention of mulberry leaf fu tea significantly reduced the activities of α-glucosidase (p < 0.05) and α-amylase (p < 0.05) in the duodenum of GK diabetic rats. The height of the duodenal villi was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), leading to decreased intestinal sugar absorption. At the same time, MFT alleviates the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by high blood sugar, promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, etc.), and inhibits the reproduction of harmful bacteria (Blautia, Klebsiella, Helicobacter, Alistipes, etc.). MFT helps reduce the secretion of toxic substances (lipopolysaccharide, p < 0.001), decreases oxidative stress and inflammation, mitigates organ damage, and improves symptoms of diabetes. Finally, the random blood glucose value of GK rats dropped from 22.79 mmol/L to 14.06 mmol/L. In summary, mulberry leaf fu tea can lower sugar absorption in diabetic rats, reduce the body’s oxidative stress and inflammatory response, regulate intestinal flora, and reduce blood sugar levels in GK rats. It is hinted that mulberry leaf fu tea could be used as a functional drink to help prevent the occurrence of diabetes.

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Tang, Zheng, Li Zhan, Ranran He, Yufei Zhou, Quanquan Tang, Zhonghua Liu, Sheng Zhang und Ailing Liu. „Hepatoprotective Effect of Tea Composite Solid Beverage on Alcohol-Caused Rat Liver Injury“. Foods 12, Nr. 22 (14.11.2023): 4126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12224126.

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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tea polyphenols (TPs) possess strong antioxidant activity; cassia seed extract (CSE) has the effect of brightening the eyes; and Ampelopsis grossedentata extract (AGE) has the function of protecting the liver. However, the synergistic hepatoprotective effect of TP, AGE and CSE as a joint formulation is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of a tea solid beverage, composed of TP, AGE and CSE, on chronic alcoholic liver injury in rats and its underlying mechanisms via the analysis of transcriptomics and gut microbiota. The histopathological findings revealed that the tea solid beverage could reduce the production of fat vacuoles and inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, the tea solid beverage was found to effectively relieve the increase in the AST (from 424.85 U/L to 180.17 U/L), ALT (from 139.95 U/L to 85.88 U/L) and LDH (from 21.16 U/L to 13.35 U/L) enzyme activities and the expression of the inflammatory factors TNF-α (from 394.02 pg/mL to 214.44 pg/mL) and IL-6 (from 208.46 pg/mL to 116.59 pg/mL) caused by alcohol consumption. Further, it significantly enhanced the GSH concentration (from 4.53 pg/mL to 8.08 pg/mL) and SOD activity (from 84.70 U/mL to 156.94 U/mL) and decreased the MDA (from 58.61 mmol/mL to 36.58 mmol/mL) and TG (from 7.07 mmol/L to 3.43 mmol/L)) concentrations in the liver of rats. The analysis and identification of transcriptomics showed that the tea solid beverage intervention primarily protected the liver of rats with chronic alcoholic injury by up-regulating the differential gene Hmgcs1 in order to increase the synthesis of ketone bodies and by down-regulating the differential gene Pfkfb1 for the purpose of decreasing the glucose metabolism. Additionally, it was found that the tea solid beverage could significantly change the composition of intestinal flora in drinking rats by regulating mineral absorption, the pathways of bile secretion, the adipocytokine signaling pathway and the peroxisome balance of the intestinal flora, in order to protect alcohol-drinking rats’ livers. In conclusion, the tea solid beverage, consisting of TP, AGE and CSE, is a functional drink that prevents ketone metabolism, glucose metabolism and microbiome disorders induced by alcohol intake.

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Seyedjavadi-Limoodi, Seyedeh-Fatemeh, Negar Moghaddasi, Farshad Khosraviani und Shiva Pouya. „Green Tea May Reduce Dental Caries and Erosion: A Systematic Review“. Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 14, Nr. 1 (29.03.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2022.01.

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Background: In recent years, the use of mouthwashes containing green tea (GT) extract has been reported to prevent tooth decay. In laboratory studies, GT has been shown to be effective in controlling dental plaque and erosion. The aim of this review study was to evaluate the effectiveness of GT extract in controlling tooth decay and erosion in randomized clinical trials. Methods: By searching related keywords in the Scopus, PubMed, and WOS (Web of Science) databases, as well as searching for related studies in the Google Scholar database randomized clinical trial ( RCT) studies published in English by the end of 2019 were extracted. Then, eligible studies were carefully reviewed and the required data were extracted. Results: A total of 12 eligible studies were included in the study. The inclusion criteria of the study were human RCT studies, English language, and GT intervention. The exclusion criteria of the study were lack of negative (placebo) or positive control group, studies examining the effect of GT derivatives, oral diseases such as periodontal disease, people undergoing orthodontic treatment, use of antibiotics at least two weeks before the study, incomplete methodology, defects in the results, and lack of access to the full text of articles. The number of subjects was 246 in the GT group, 157 in the placebo group, and 132 in the positive control group (sodium fluoride, chlorhexidine, neem extract, and probiotic). Eleven studies used GT mouthwash and one study used toothpaste containing GT extract. In studies with placebo, GT showed a significantly better effect on dental plaque, oral pH, modulation of dental erosion, and reduction of the number salivary S. mutans and lactobacilli colonies. Additionally, GT had a similar and comparable effect to positive control groups in modulating the above-mentioned indices. Conclusion: GT extract can show anti-cariogenic and anti-erosive effects. Larger randomized clinical trials are needed to support our findings.

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Ji, Yaru, Wenzhong Hu, Yuge Guan und Gaowa Saren. „Effects of Plant Essential Oil Treatment on the Growth of Pathogenic Fungi and the Activity of Defense-Related Enzymes of Fungi-Inoculated Blueberry“. Horticulturae 10, Nr. 4 (26.03.2024): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10040318.

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Fungal decay is one of the most significant causes of postharvest losses of blueberries, with Botrytis rot caused by Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria rot caused by Alternaria alternata being the two most destructive fungal diseases. Plant essential oil has attracted the extensive attention of scholars due to its natural antifungal and anti-corrosion effects. In this study, the effects of fumigation treatment with plant essential oils on the growth of pathogenic fungi in blueberry fruits in vitro and the activity of defense-related enzymes of fungi-inoculated blueberry were evaluated. The results showed that, of the six natural plant essential oils of cinnamon, oregano, clove, tea tree, pomelo peel, and rosemary, oregano essential oil had the most efficient inhibitory effect on Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata in PDA. After fumigating inoculated blueberry fruits with concentration gradients of 0, 30, 60, and 90 μL/L of oregano essential oil, it was found that the activity of defense-related enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), chitinase (CHI), and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) in the inoculated blueberry fruits was induced and enhanced to varying degrees throughout the entire storage period, effectively enhancing the resistance of blueberry fruits to pathogenic fungi and reducing the postharvest decay caused by Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria alternata. The optimal concentration for the fumigation treatment with oregano essential oil is 60 μL/L. This study provides a theoretical basis for the postharvest application of oregano essential oil in blueberries and other fruits and vegetables.

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Lombo, C., I. Tomada, C. Morgado, I. Tavares und D. Neves. „Immunofluorescent Characterization of VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 Expression in the Corpus Cavernosum of the Diabetic Rat after Prolonged Ingestion of Epigallocatechin Gallate“. Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S5 (August 2012): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612012706.

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Diabetes type 1 is a very common chronic disease that frequently initiates in youth. Patients suffering from this disease have an increased risk of developing complications such as cardiovascular disease or erectile dysfunction. This is partially due to oxidative stress in affected cells, induced by the increasing production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, in addition to oxidative macromolecular damage, inactivate nitric oxide (NO). This condition strongly affects blood vessels of corpus cavernosum (CC), decreasing erectile capability of penis. Thus, we hypothesise that treatment with antioxidants present in the green tea in the initial phase of diabetes type 1 may protect CC from structural and molecular changes induced by oxidative damage. In support of this hypothesis a previous study of our group demonstrated that green tea long-term ingestion led to decrease in lipid perivascular deposition and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR 2 expression in CC of aged rats. VEGF is the main angiogenic factor in tissues that induces proliferation and survival of endothelial cells after binding to VEGFR2. In fact, VEGF/VEGFR2 system is involved in both physiological and pathological angiogenic processes, and most of the molecular changes observed in aged CC derive from oxidative stress coupled to impairment of angiogenic mechanisms. VEGF also engage VEGFR1, nevertheless the exact role of VEGFR1 activation in cavernous tissue is not yet clarified.

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Utami, Mutiara Alya, Rizki Amelia Nasution, Fitri Asyiatun Mawaddah und Rahma Aulia. „Pengendalian Jamur Ganoderma dengan Metode Perbanyakan Jamur Trichoderma pada Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit di PT PP London Sumatra Bah Lias Research Station“. El-Mujtama: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, Nr. 1 (14.01.2024): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmujtama.v4i1.462.

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Ganoderma sp. generally attacks the roots or base of the tree, whether it's alive or dead. There are also other species of Ganoderma whose caps attach directly to the tree. If Ganoderma grows on wood or a tree, then it falls into the category of "lignicolous" fungi. Ganoderma sp. can cause basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm or other productive plants such as rubber, coconut, and tea. The equipment used in this activity includes digital scales, beakers, measuring cups, ovens, LAF, petri dishes, needle probes, hotplates, bunsen burners, aluminum foil, autoclaves, knives, heat-resistant plastic or polypropylene, wool thread, cotton plugs, hoses, newspapers, and rubber. The materials used include potato extract, sugar, agar powder, distilled water, RWB, corn, and fine bran. 200 grams of potato extract, 10 grams of sugar, and 12 grams of agar powder are dissolved in 1000 ml of distilled water, and the rubber wood inoculum is cut into pieces measuring 6 cm x 6 cm x 6 cm and boiled for 7 hours. The experimental technique is carried out by combining the Ganoderma starter culture developed in RWB (Rubber Wood Block), then mixed with Trichoderma in its soil medium. After that, it is planted in oil palm seedlings in polybags and the percentage of oil palm seedling deaths is observed up to 12 months of age. Trichoderma, which acts as an antagonistic microbe, can suppress the growth of pathogens. By propagating Trichoderma fungi, which is one way to utilize biological agents to control 18 plant pests and diseases, it can also inhibit the percentage of deaths in oil palm seedlings. Propagating Trichoderma fungi on a nursery scale is used as a control for pests and diseases, especially Ganoderma fungi, which are currently still a pathogen in oil palm growth. By propagating Trichoderma fungi, it also cannot rule out the possibility of Ganoderma fungi growing.

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Shapira, Shiran, Ari Leshno, Daniel Katz, Nitsan Maharshak, Gil Hevroni, Maayan Jean-David, Sarah Kraus et al. „Of mice and men: a novel dietary supplement for the treatment of ulcerative colitis“. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 11 (28.11.2017): 1756283X1774186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756283x17741864.

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Background: Curcumin, green tea polyphenols and selenium possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Individually they have demonstrated some efficacy in animal models and human subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Coltect [Curcumin (500 mg), green tea (250 mg) and selenium (100 µg)] in vivo and in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: Each component was compared to placebo in a DSS mice colitis model. The efficacy was validated in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) rat colitis model. Twenty patients with mild-to-moderate UC received two Coltect tablets twice daily for 8 weeks. Enrollees underwent sigmoidoscopy at study entrance and closure, and physical and laboratory evaluation at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. Results: Coltect showed a synergistic therapeutic effect in the DSS and TNBS models. Disease activity was significantly higher in the placebo versus the treated group ( p < 0.05). Selenium was the more active component. The contribution of green tea was minor. In the TNBS model, the Wallace scores for macroscopic lesions were 4.8 ± 1.5 (treatment) and 8.2 ± 0.5 (placebo) ( p = 0.01). In humans, Coltect was well tolerated and effective. Fourteen subjects (70%) improved: nine (45%) went into complete remission, four (20%) experienced marked improvement and one (5%) experienced moderate improvement at the end of the trial. Clinical activity index decreased significantly at 4 and 8 weeks ( p < 0.001). Two patients had no change in their symptoms, and one withdrew after 4 weeks. Flare-up in four subjects caused three to withdraw from the study after less than 4 weeks. Endoscopic improvement was observed in 11 (69%) patients, and four patients (25%) achieved complete remission. Conclusions: Coltect may serve as a first-line or add-on therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate UC.

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Cheng, Chun-Yuan, Lassina Barro, Shang-Ting Tsai, Tai-Wei Feng, Xiao-Yu Wu, Che-Wei Chao, Ruei-Siang Yu, Ting-Yu Chin und Ming Fa Hsieh. „Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate-Loaded Liposomes Favor Anti-Inflammation of Microglia Cells and Promote Neuroprotection“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 6 (16.03.2021): 3037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063037.

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Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is recognized to mainly contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), known as a natural antioxidant in green tea, can inhibit microglia-mediated inflammation and protect neurons but has disadvantages such as high instability and low bioavailability. We developed an EGCG liposomal formulation to improve its bioavailability and evaluated the neuroprotective activity in in vitro and in vivo neuroinflammation models. EGCG-loaded liposomes have been prepared from phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylserine (PS) coated with or without vitamin E (VE) by hydration and membrane extrusion method. The anti-inflammatory effect has been evaluated against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells activation and the inflammation in the substantia nigra of Sprague Dawley rats. In the cellular inflammation model, murine BV-2 microglial cells changed their morphology from normal spheroid to activated spindle shape after 24 h of induction of LPS. In the in vitro free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, EGCG scavenged 80% of DPPH within 3 min. EGCG-loaded liposomes could be phagocytized by BV-2 cells after 1 h of cell culture from cell uptake experiments. EGCG-loaded liposomes improved the production of BV-2 microglia-derived nitric oxide and TNF-α following LPS. In the in vivo Parkinsonian syndrome rat model, simultaneous intra-nigral injection of EGCG-loaded liposomes attenuated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and restored motor impairment. We demonstrated that EGCG-loaded liposomes exert a neuroprotective effect by modulating microglia activation. EGCG extracted from green tea and loaded liposomes could be a valuable candidate for disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD).

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Utami, Mutiara Alya, Rizki Amelia Nasution, Fitri Asyiatun Mawaddah und Rahma Aulia. „Pengendalian Jamur Ganoderma dengan Metode Perbanyakan Jamur Trichoderma pada Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit di PT PP London Sumatra Bah Lias Research Station“. El-Mujtama: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, Nr. 1 (18.02.2023): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmujtama.v4i1.3297.

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Ganoderma sp. usually attack from the root or base of the trunk on the tree whether the tree is alive or dead. There are also other species of Ganoderma whose pileus attaches directly to the tree. Ganoderma whose growth medium is in wood/trees, Ganoderma belongs to "lignicolous" mushrooms. Ganoderma sp. cause rot at the base of the stem (BPB) in oil palm or other productive crops such as rubber, coconut and tea. The tools used in this activity are digital scales, beakers, measuring cups, ovens, LAF, petri dishes, ose needles, hotplates, Bunsen, aluminum foil, autoclaves, knives, heat-resistant plastic or polypropylene, wool thread, gauze plugs, paralon, newspaper, rubber. these activities are potato extract, sugar, agar powder, aquadest, RWB, corn and fine bran. Potato extract 200 gr, sugar 10 gr, agar powder 12 gr. dissolved in 1000 ml of distilled water, the inoculum rubber wood was cut to a size of 6 cm x 6 cm x 6 cm and processed for 7 hours. Then mix the Trichoderma in the soil media. After that, imprisonment was carried out in bags of oil palm in polybags and a high proportion of deaths from oil palm seedlings up to 12 months of age. Trichoderma which acts as an antagonist microbe can suppress the growth of pathogens. By propagating the Trichoderma fungus, which is one of the ways to use biological agents to control 18 plant pests and diseases and can reduce the proportion of deaths in oil palm nurseries. Propagation of Trichoderma fungus on a nursery scale is used as pest and disease control, especially Ganoderma fungus which is currently still a pathogen in oil palm growth. By propagating Trichoderma fungus also cannot rule out the possibility of Ganoderma fungus growing. Keywords: Ganoderma, Trichoderma and Propagation

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Chaturvedi, R. K., S. Shukla, K. Seth, S. Chauhan, C. Sinha, Y. Shukla und A. K. Agrawal. „Neuroprotective and neurorescue effect of black tea extract in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease“. Neurobiology of Disease 22, Nr. 2 (Mai 2006): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2005.12.008.

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Bagchi, Ananya, Dillip Kumar Swain und Analava Mitra. „Neuroprotective effect of organic and inorganically grown tea on oxidative damage in rat model of Alzheimer’s disease“. Advances in Traditional Medicine 20, Nr. 3 (11.02.2020): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13596-020-00428-8.

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Shaheen, Nazma, Avonti Basak Tukun, Saiful Islam, Nafis Md Irfan, Ishrat Nourin Khan und Towhid Hasan. „Evaluation of functional potentiality of selected commonly consumed foods of Bangladesh“. Functional Foods in Health and Disease 6, Nr. 11 (30.11.2016): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v6i11.278.

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Background: Rising tide of chronic nutrition related non-communicable diseases yoked with extant under nutrition problems makes it imperative to carry out scientific research for finding functional foods. Although the emergence of these diseases are believed to be related to a constellation of dietary, socio-economic and lifestyle related risk factors, central to the pathogenesis of these diseases (or disease states) are free radicals, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes typically accompanied by pain. Therefore, functional whole foods with physiologically active antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic compounds seem to be the most promising option to deal with the pathogenesis of existing and emerging chronic diseases burden of Bangladesh.Methods: Edible portions of 70 commonly consumed Bangladeshi foods – including one cereal, five legumes, fourteen vegetables, four tea varieties, five oil seeds, twenty spices, and twenty one fruits – were evaluated for total phenol content (TPC) by Folin-Ciocalteau assay. To evaluate functional potentiality, in vitro antioxidant capacity (AC) of selected food items were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assays, in vitro anti-inflammatory potential by observing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α using J774A.1 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in vivo anti-inflammatory potential by measuring carrageenan induced rat paw edema reduction and in vivo analgesic potential by acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. Results: Spices, oilseeds, and teas showed high concentration of TPC among the analysed foods while spices and teas exhibited notable AC. Green tea showed highest concentrations of TPC (2349 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent / g) and AC (2432 µmole Trolox Equivalent/g). Fourteen food items showed potential in vitro anti-inflammatory activity with confirmatory dose response effect shown by 8 items. In vivo, black sesame and yellow mustard expressed anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in a dose dependent manner.Conclusion: This study found commonly consumed food items representing different food groups of Bangladesh to contain diverse range of polyphenols and antioxidant capacities. Of these, black sesame and yellow mustard demonstrated anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential in animal model. The findings of this study can be used to promote polyphenols rich foods through dietary guidelines and facilitate epidemiological research investigating diet-disease relationships.

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Sudarma, Made, Khamdan Khalimi, Ni Wayan Suniti und Ni Nengah Darmiati. „The First Report: Rotten Fruit Sugar-Apple in Bali“. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 2 (10.02.2022): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1102.028.

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Fruit rot disease in sugar-apple plants, is the main cause of fruit damage in sugar-apple cultivation in Bali province. Symptoms of illness begin with black marks on the skin of fruit, which gradually spread throughout the fruit. The result of gene amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) using 1.2% agarose gel with TAE buffer 1x at 50 volts for 30 minutes. The DNA bands seen above the UV transilluminator as seen on electroferegram, produce a 600 bp DNA fragment. The cause of the illness was identified using DNA sequences and matched with GenBankie Lasiodiplodia theobromae, with a percentage of 100% resemblance. The phylogenetic tree of one class pathogen with Lasiodiplodia theobromae.

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Haider, Mohammad Zahid, Zesmin Fauzia Dewan, Md Moniruzzaman Khan, Md Enamul Kabir, Mir Muhammad Shoyeb Shahabuddin, Mohsena Aktar, Joyashish Roy und Farjana Akter. „Effect of Ethanol Extract of Camellia Sinensis on Salmonella Typhi Infection in Adult Male Rats“. EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 4, Nr. 1 (31.01.2022): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjpp.2022.v04i01.002.

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Background: Typhoid fever, a potentially fatal multisystem illness which is due to infection by Salmonella typhi, is an important health problem in many developing countries including Bangladesh. Investigators from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that there are 21.6 million typhoid cases annually, with the annual incidence varying from 100 to 1000 cases per 100 000 population. Objective: To evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of camellia sinensis on salmonella typhi infection in adult male rats. Materials and Methods: Type of study: This was an experimental study. Duration of study: September 2014-February 2016. Place of study: Department of Pharmacology, BSMMU, Shahbag, Dhaka, Department of Microbiology, BSMMU, Shahbag, Dhaka, Department of Clinical Pathology, BSMMU, Shahbag, Dhaka, Department of Chemistry, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Materials: Animals: 84 adult male Long Evan’s Norwegian rats were obtained from the animal house of BSMMU. Sample Size Estimation: So, we took six groups and 10 rats in each group. The groups were: Control group (I), Rat infected with S. typhi (II), Rat infected with S. typhi then treated with ethanolic leaf extracts of CAS (III), Rat given ethanolic extracts of CAS only (IV), Rat infected with S. typhi then treated with ciprofloxacin (V), Rat infected with S. typhi then treated with both ciprofloxacin and ethanolic extracts of CAS (VI). Adult male rats were taken for this experiment. The number of rat for each group were 10 (n=10). Methodology: Preparation of ethanol extract of C. sinensis Linn: Home processing Black and Green tea (C. sinensis) was published by the college of Tropical Agriculture and Human resources (2007) which was supported in part by the USDA, agricultural Research Service’s pacific Basin, Agricultural Research center and the Department of Research and Development, County of Hawai’I, Japan. i) Collection of C. sinensis leaves: Harvest 10 kg of fresh tea shoots from ..........

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Kumar, Rahul, und Anjali Kanojia. „Effects of the ethanolic extract of white tea (Camellia Sinensis) on metabolic functions in Alzheimer's disease rat model“. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 455 (Dezember 2023): 121693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2023.121693.

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Layne, Desmond R., und Guido Schnabel. „(92) Preplant Practices to Manage Armillaria Root Rot Disease and Other Soil Pathogens on a Commercial Peach Replant Site“. HortScience 41, Nr. 4 (Juli 2006): 1028D—1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1028d.

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In 2003, a replicated long-term research trial was established on a commercial peach replant site with a history of Armillaria root rot and other soilborne diseases. The objectives of the trial were to determine the short- and long-term effects of preplant fumigation, rootstock, and preplant root dipping with mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial bacteria on tree growth, productivity, and survival. Preplant fumigants included none (control), methyl bromide, Telone II, or Enzone. Rootstocks tested included Guardian, Lovell, and Halford. Root dipping (or not) was with MycorTree. The scion cultivar was Big Red. There were a total of 24 experimental treatment combinations and the trial site comprised more than 1500 trees on 11.5 acres. By 2 years after planting, fumigation with Enzone was disadvantageous when compared with no treatment at all. Enzone-treated blocks had higher tree mortality or were significantly reduced in growth compared to other treatments. Preplant fumigation with Telone II or methyl bromide, however, resulted in reduced tree stunting and phytotoxicity and increased tree growth when compared to the untreated control. After 2 years, 10% of the total trees planted were dead. Half of these were from the Enzone treatment. Enzone does not appear to be a viable preplant fumigation product for South Carolina peach growers, based on this preliminary data. Both Guardian and Halford rootstocks had performance superior to Lovell during the first 2 years. Although Guardian trees were smaller than Halford at the time of planting, by the end of the second growing season, their TCA was not significantly different. There was no benefit to preplant root dipping with MycorTree. Experimental results were not influenced by the location of trees on the site.

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Yıldırım, Murat, Sinan Saral, Tolga Mercantepe, Hatice İskender, Levent Tümkaya, Mehtap Atak und Filiz Taşçı. „White Tea Reduced Bone Loss by Suppressing the TRAP/CTX Pathway in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis Model Rats“. Cells Tissues Organs 209, Nr. 1 (2020): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000507791.

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Osteoporosis is an important skeletal disease characterized by bone weakness and high risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Tea consumption is known to play an important role in the prevention or alleviation of osteoporosis. However, the therapeutic effects of aqueous extracts of white tea (WT) have not been evaluated in osteoporosis rat models. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-osteoporotic role of WT in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. WT was given orally at 0.5% w/v doses for 12 weeks in OVX rats. Biochemical parameters in blood samples, bone tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and estradiol levels were evaluated. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content values were measured in the left femur. In addition to histopathological examination, osteolcalcin, osteopontin and TUNEL levels were determined. OVX group data demonstrated that bone loss occurred by thinning of the metaphyseal growth plates of the femur. Similarly, the levels of TRAP and CTX, markers of osteoclastic activity, were found to be high concurrently with a decrease in femoral bone mineral density. In addition, increased osteolcalcin and osteopontin levels were present in the metaphyseal growth zones. On the other hand, while TRAP and CTX levels were suppressed in the OVX-WT group, bone mineral content increased. In addition, TUNEL, osteocalcin and osteopontin positivity decreased in the right femoral metaphysis growth zones, proliferating zone and resting zone cells. These results showed that chronic WT consumption has a protective effect by reducing bone resorption in OVX-induced osteoporotic rats.

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Guo, Shuhong, Jingqi Yan, Tangbin Yang, Xianqiang Yang, Erwan Bezard und Baolu Zhao. „Protective Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols in the 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease Through Inhibition of ROS-NO Pathway“. Biological Psychiatry 62, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2007): 1353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.020.

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