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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Rome (Italy) – Civilisation"
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Gilks, David. „Civilization and Its Discontents“. French Historical Studies 45, Nr. 3 (01.08.2022): 481–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-9746615.
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Abstract This article reinterprets Antoine Quatremère de Quincy's Letters on the Plan to Abduct the Monuments of Italy (1796). In response to official justifications that seizing cultural patrimony was France's civilizing mission, Quatremère argued that civilization required all nations to leave Rome intact and respect eighteenth-century conventions. The article shows how he attempted to make his work acceptable to republican readers by using a language uncharacteristic of his other writings and by mimicking the concept of a singular and secular civilization that was central to the post-Thermidorian Republic's identity. The Letters was part of the broader strategy of the royalist Clichy club to make republicans question the Republic. However, informed contemporaries saw through his conceit: they discerned an attack on the Directory in his description of how the papacy nourished and protected the civilization but endangered it in practice. Cet article propose une nouvelle lecture des Lettres sur le déplacement des monuments de l'art de l'Italie (1796). Au discours officiel qui justifiait la saisie du patrimoine culturel de l'Italie vaincue au nom de la mission civilisatrice de la France, Quatremère oppose l'idée que c'est justement au nom de la civilisation que Rome doit être protégée et qu'il faut respecter les droits des nations tels qu'on les a définis au XVIIIe siècle. Quatremère s'est efforcé de présenter son texte de manière à le rendre acceptable aux lecteurs républicains : pour ce faire, il a eu recours à un langage très différent de celui de ses autres écrits, et il a fait semblant d'adhérer à l'idée de la civilisation unique et laïque au cœur de l'idéologie de la République post-Thermidorienne. Malgré ces efforts, les lecteurs avertis ont décelé son stratagème qui consiste à attaquer le Directoire tout en faisant de la papauté la vraie protectrice d'une civilisation que la République affirme défendre mais attaque en réalité. Les Lettres apparaissent ainsi comme un des éléments de la stratégie des Clichyens pour amener les républicains à remettre en question la République elle-même.
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Kołoczek, Bartosz Jan. „The Aegean Imaginarium: Selected Stereotypes and Associations Connected with the Aegean Sea and Its Islands in Roman Literature in the Period of the Principate“. Electrum 27 (2020): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.20.010.12800.
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This article is devoted to the rarely addressed problem of Roman stereotypes and associations connected with the Aegean Sea and its islands in the works of Roman authors in the first three centuries of the Empire. The image of the Aegean islands in the Roman literature was somewhat incongruously compressed into contradictory visions: islands of plenty, desolate prisons, always located far from Italy, surrounded by the terrifying marine element. The positive associations stemmed from previous cultural contacts between the Aegean and Rome: the Romans admired the supposedly more developed Greek civilisation (their awe sometimes underpinned by ostensible disparagement), whereas their elites enjoyed their Aegean tours and reminisced about past glories of Rhodes and Athens. The negative associations came from the islands’desolation and insignificance; the imperial authors, associating the Aegean islets with exile spots, borrowed such motifs from classical and Hellenistic Greek predecessors. The Aegean Sea, ever-present in the rich Greek mythical imaginarium, inspired writers interested in myth and folklore; other writers associated islands with excellent crops and products, renowned and valued across the Empire.
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Guasti, Niccolò. „Between Arabic Letters, History and Enlightenment: The Emergence of Spanish Literary Nation in Juan Andrés“. Diciottesimo Secolo 6 (09.11.2021): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ds-12140.
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The culture of the eighteenth century played a crucial role in proposing a positive image of Islam. The Valencian Jesuit Juan Andrés was particularly engaged in this re-evaluation of Arab culture in order to stress how much Iberian Arabs had contributed to the renaissance of Western culture and civilisation. In his treaty Dell’origine, progressi e stato attuale d’ogni letteratura (1782-1799) Andrés committed himself to outlining specific elements of the Medieval renaissance nurtured by Spanish Arabs between the ninth and thirteenth centuries. His interpretation on Al-Andalus concealed a «patriotic» intent, namely that of glorifying the historical role of Spain (rather than Italy or France) in the development of the European literary canon.
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Müßig, Ulrike. „“Each one brings with his faith and thought – even in chains – thrones to the highs and down” – on the European significance of the Polish republican heritage“. Studia Iuridica Toruniensia 28 (16.10.2021): 187–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/sit.2021.010.
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Constitutional history may be done on national or on comparative scale. If approached comparatively, it requires an external look to a historical legal system. This look, though, is the more accurate the more one considers the legal cultural spirit. As a German legal historian, it is decisive to distance myself from any Hegelian Volksgeist-thinking. Rather, my interest in the Polish republican tradition forging the national memory in the years of statelessness and imposed authoritarianism is guided by a Burckhardtian way. As he read the Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy (1860) in terms of the rise of the individual, there seems to be a Polish legal culture in terms of a republican stimulus of “non-domination”. If this paper argues that Polish republicanism has a share in Poland’s vital and leading role in the fall of communism from 1989 onwards, it is not so naïve to assume a direct line from the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, when nobility was acquiring real power at the expense of royal prerogatives, to the twentieth century. It is more like a visit to Monet’s Bassin aux nymphéas in the Parisian Musée Marmottan: Blossoms are placed on the canvas in thick strokes, merging colours into another. The water lilies are only recognizable, if you stand ba ck from the painting and admire the wholepicture. It is in this way that Polish Republicanism matters, not only forPoland, but also for Europe.
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Boothman, Derek. „Islam in Gramsci’s Journalism and Prison Notebooks: The Shifting Patterns of Hegemony“. Historical Materialism 20, Nr. 4 (2012): 115–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341268.
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Abstract Gramsci recognised the inestimable historical contribution of Muslim and Arab civilisations, writing on these in his newspaper articles, his pre-prison letters and the Prison Notebooks. The Islamic world contemporary with him was largely rural, with the masses heavily influenced by religion, analogous in some ways to Italy whose economy was still largely oriented towards a peasantry among whom the Vatican played a leading (and highly reactionary) role. In addition to factors such as the politics-religion nexus, what Gramsci was also analysing, without saying as much explicitly, was the upheaval caused by the disintegration and dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire, and the inter-imperialist rivalries over the spoils and the construction of new states from its ruins. Here he draws attention to the first hesitant and contradictory anticolonial stances being adopted among the traditional leaders, as well recognising the basis for more popularly-based movements. In both Catholic countries and, as Gramsci knew especially from the experience of his Comintern work, in parts of the Muslim world, these movements could at times assume a left and politically radical orientation. What emerges is a picture of conflicting hegemonies involving principally religion, class, the political ambivalence of many religious leaders, and a burgeoning nationalism contraposed to the supra-nationalist claims of religion. But the factor underlying everything is the potential of the masses who, if awakened from torpor and detached from European colonialism, were judged capable of rupturing previous imperially-determined equilibria.
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di Lernia, Savino, Giovanni B. Bertolani, Francesca Merighi, Francesca R. Ricci, Giorgio Manzi und Mauro Cremaschi. „Megalithic architecture and funerary practices in the late prehistory of Wadi Tanezzuft (Libyan Sahara)“. Libyan Studies 32 (2001): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900005732.
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AbstractRecent surveys conducted by the Italo-Libyan Joint Mission of the University of Rome “La Sapienza” in the region of Wadi Tanezzuft (Libyan Sahara) revealed a huge number of sites characterised by the presence of stone tumuli and other megalithic constructions, usually associated with funerary rituals. During the 1999-2000 field seasons, one of these sites—site 96/129—was subjected to systematic excavation, revealing the construction technique of these monuments and showing evidence of human burials. It sheds new light on the funerary practices and anthropological features of the ancient populations of the region. Radiocarbon determinations placed this site at the very end of the Late Pastoral culture, some 3000 uncalibrated years bp. The skeletal material generally shows a good state of preservation and has been the object of a first morphological appraisal. The population of site 96/129 comprised long-limbed and relatively gracile humans, with labour-related afflictions; their dental dimensions consistently follow the trend of dental reduction known for post-Pleistocene human populations. Of great interest are the relationships with the emergence of Garamantian civilisation. Some traits of the funerary practices show the existence of a local heritage, whose roots may be sought in prehistoric times, in particular the position of the corpses and features of grave goods. On the other hand, the presence of multiple burials, the evidence of burnt animal bones, together with small concentrations of ashes in the monuments seem in contrast with the known funerary practices of prehistoric Pastoral sites of the Acacus and surroundings. Such evidence is compared with the regional analysis of megalithic architecture in the Tanezzuft valley, and discloses a tantalising perspective on the cultural trajectories and related biological pulsation in the area.
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Retief, François. „The origin and development of leprosy in antiquity“. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 28, Nr. 1 (02.09.2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v28i1.45.
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Through the ages leprosy has filled mankind with awe and horror. It still remains one of the unconquered infectious diseases, although the World Health Organisation reports a decrease in its prevalence (18 million to two million new cases annually over the past 20 years). For many, leprosy’s origins are to be traced back to the Hebrew Bible and the condition of zara’ath mentioned in Leviticus 13-14. This was a light-coloured scaly skin lesion which rendered the patient ritually unclean. Such a person was banned from society by a priest, and could only return on being pronounced clean. Zara’ath was almost certainly a benign skin lesion and not leprosy. When the Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek (the Septuagint) in the 3rd century BC, zara’ath was translated as lepros/lepra, possibly after an apparently comparable disease described in the Hippocratic Corpus (5th – 4th centuries BC). The Hippocratic disease was clearly a benign, scaly skin eruption, and not leprosy as we know it. The fact that leprosy, as a very chronic progressive disease with a characteristic clinical picture, was not described by Hippocrates, almost certainly means that it did not occur in the Greek community of the time. True leprosy is an infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and manifests initially as light-coloured skin macules. With prominent bodily immunity against the organism the skin lesions enlarge slowly, later become scaly with a numb surface, and are complicated by nervous infiltration and atrophic degeneration of the extremities (tuberculoid leprosy). With low immunity, progressive nodular infiltration of skin and underlying structures result in extensive deformities (e.g. the typical “leonine facies”), subcutaneous abscesses, destruction of nerves and other tissues, blindness, deafness and testicular atrophy (lepromatous leprosy). Medical writings of ancient civilisations show that a leprosy-like disease was recognised in Mesopotamia by the 2nd millennium BC, and possibly in India and China in the 1st millennium BC. It has been suggested that leprosy was brought to the Mediterranean region by Alexander the Great’s armies, 4th century BC.Leprosy produces pathognomonic bone lesions, and the earliest osteo-archaeological evidence of leprosy was found in Egyptian skulls dating back to the 2nd century BC. The first clinical description of a disease recognisable as classical leprosy, can be dated to Strato of Alexandria, 3rd century BC. This condition, which became known as elephantiasis or elephas, was subsequently described by numerous notable physicians of the time, and Aretaeus of Cappadocia in particular. It migrated to Greece and Italy; Pliny the Elder stating that it fi rst appeared in Rome at the end of the 1st century BC. Although it was considered incurable, complex therapeutic programmes including venesection, purges, enemas and perspirants were prescribed in order to rid the body of the presumed fluid retention. Elephantiasis spread through the Roman Empire, but only became a notable European epidemic during the Middle Ages. In time the zara’ath-associated lepra of the Septuagint and elephantiasis were considered related diseases, and by the 4th century they were seen as the same disease. The two names became interchangeable. The influence of the Christian Church was such that the ritualised banning of lepers became incorporated into the treatment of elephantiasis – against the advice of physicians like Caelius Aurelianus (4th/5th century AD). Gradually the name lepra (leprosy) replaced elephantiasis, which ensured the stigmatisation of leprosy as an “unclean disease” with divine punishment for previous sins – a tragic misconception which persisted up to modern times. Today elephantiasis refers to a tropical parasitic disease, fi lariasis, characterised by gross swelling and deformation of the lower body.
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Bagnasco, G., M. Marzullo, C. Cattaneo, L. Biehler-Gomez, D. Mazzarelli, V. Ricciardi, W. Müller et al. „Bioarchaeology aids the cultural understanding of six characters in search of their agency (Tarquinia, ninth–seventh century BC, central Italy)“. Scientific Reports 14, Nr. 1 (28.05.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61052-z.
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AbstractEtruria contained one of the great early urban civilisations in the Italian peninsula during the first millennium BC, much studied from a cultural, humanities-based, perspective, but relatively little with scientific data, and rarely in combination. We have addressed the unusual location of twenty inhumations found in the sacred heart of the Etruscan city of Tarquinia, focusing on six of these as illustrative, contrasting with the typical contemporary cremations found in cemeteries on the edge of the city. The cultural evidence suggests that the six skeletons were also distinctive in their ritualization and memorialisation. Focusing on the six, as a representative sample, the scientific evidence of osteoarchaeology, isotopic compositions, and ancient DNA has established that these appear to show mobility, diversity and violence through an integrated bioarchaeological approach. The combination of multiple lines of evidence makes major strides towards a deeper understanding of the role of these extraordinary individuals in the life of the early city of Etruria.
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Moscati, Paola. „Digital Archaeology: From Interdisciplinarity to the ‘Fusion’ of Core Competences Towards the Consolidation of New Research Areas“. 2 | 2 | 2021 CONSOLIDATION, Nr. 2 (10.12.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/mag/2724-3923/2021/04/004.
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The aim of this article is to explore the interdisciplinary turn observed in the development of humanities computing, in terms of integration and fusion of expertise. The debate started with the Seminar on Discipline umanistiche e informatica. Il problema dell’integrazione, held in 1991 at the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Moving backwards in time, already from the 1960s the role of ‘integration’ was at the heart of many interdisciplinary initiatives supported by the National Research Council of Italy and the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei as part of their coordinated efforts to promote scientific progress. Through a number of archaeological case studies pivoting around the Etruscan civilisation, it will be shown how over time archaeological computing, and its evolution towards digital archaeology, has found in GIS and multimedia systems a unitary platform on which methods and practice of data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, and communication can converge. The concept of ‘fusion’, however, is much more recent and responds to a global resource management model, which combines the methods of archaeology with the objectives of Heritage Science, along the research path that goes from field and laboratory investigation to the protection, enhancement and communication of cultural heritage.
Bücher zum Thema "Rome (Italy) – Civilisation"
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2, Open University AA309/Block. Rome, Italy and the Empire. 3. Aufl. Milton Keynes: Open University, 2008.
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Kiefer, Otto. Sexual life in ancient Rome. London: Constable, 1994.
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Lesley, Caldwell, Hrsg. Rome: Continuing encounters between past and present. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate, 2011.
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Rome: City of Empire, Christendom and Culture. Day One Publications, 2011.
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Llewellyn, Peter. Rome in the Dark Ages (History & Politics). Constable and Robinson, 1996.
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Llewellyn, Peter. Rome in the Dark Ages (History & Politics). Constable and Robinson, 1996.
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Neel, Jaclyn. Early Rome: Myth and Society. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.
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Neel, Jaclyn. Early Rome: Myth and Society. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2017.
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Early Rome: Myth and Society. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2017.
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Early Rome: Myth and Society. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2017.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Rome (Italy) – Civilisation"
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Burckhardt, Jacob. „Rome, The City of Ruins“. In The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy, 177–86. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429059780-16.
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Bauer, Stefan, und Simon Ditchfield. „A Renaissance Reclaimed: Burckhardt’s Civilisation of the Renaissance Reconsidered“. In A Renaissance Reclaimed, 1–22. British Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267325.003.0001.
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The conference that led to this volume was convened in 2018 to mark the 200th anniversary of the birth of Jacob Burckhardt, the ‘father of cultural history’. The contributors were tasked with the dual aim of, on the one hand, analysing the intentions and methods behind The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy (1860) and, on the other, considering whether the work has any continuing relevance. Not wanting to reduce the Swiss historian to having been either merely an implausible Whig or simply a reactionary prophet, the emphasis of this essay collection is on Burckhardt’s complexity, above all his ambivalence about the virtues and vices of modernity and the role played by the Italian Renaissance at its birth. After a summary of the individual chapters, the introduction closes with, first, a brief survey of the relevant chapters of the volume occasioned by the other anniversary conference held in Burckhardt’s birthplace of Basel, and then with some concluding reflections on the enduring value of the author’s provisional and subjective approach and his masterly deployment of the language of irony.
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Colognesi, Luigi Capogrossi. „Niebuhr and Bachofen: New Forms of Evidence on Roman History“. In Roman Law before the Twelve Tables, 155–70. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474443968.003.0010.
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In 1816, B.G. Niebuhr, having already published his important History of Rome, was appointed by his king to be the Prussian ambassador in Rome, where he remained for some years in that office. In that period he had the opportunity to acquire a good knowledge of the Roman Campagna. With reference to the Roman (and Greek) archaeological remains which he came across in his journeys, he proposed the hypothesis that the remains of ancient centuriatio could be found in that part of Italy. Some years later, in his Italienische Reise, J.J. Bachofen, for the first time, began to consider the symbolic elements in the Roman tombs as the evidence of a stadium of ancient civilisations older than that of Roman and Greek patriarchal societies in classical times. Some years later he published his famous Mutterrecht, one of the first important works of modern anthropology.
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Botteschi, Carolina. „Italian Women Writers Between Femininity and “Feminism”: From the Unification of Italy to the Twentieth Century“. In Femininity and Masculinity in the Modernist Culture: Russia and Abroad, 334–48. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0740-3-334-348.
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Examining the traits of the female characters offered by a number of prominent women writers in a specific space-time interval of civilisation contributes to identifying the potential relations between the female characters created by women writers and the literary tradition, the historical context and the mentality of an era, which in this case characterise post-Unification Italy and the first decades of the 20th century. Given the distinctive historical and cultural environment in which the Italian women writers of those decades were active, and based on the dichotomous representation of women (“the woman-angel” figure vs the “femme fatale”) in literature, an overview of their experience from the perspective of the “women’s question”, inextricably linked to the “social question”, is presented. In the post-Unification period, writing provided an opportunity for Italian women authors to rethink, and not only from a literary angle, women’s role in the newly-formed society. Through the study of a select group of women writers, an attempt is made to provide a picture of what can be defined as “the Italian interpretation of emancipation and ‛feminism’.” Although there was a small group of women authors who were not afraid to overtly fight for the “women’s question”, demanding for their fellow countrywomen the right to civic engagement in the making of the “new Italy”, in most cases women writers favoured taking, at least outwardly, more conservative stances, only to then present authorial choices that make one wonder whether they had not decided to challenge the system from within.