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Thematische Bibliographien / Roll Failure / Dissertationen

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Dissertationen zum Thema „Roll Failure“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 25. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 10. Februar 2022

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1

Clowe, Samantha Jane. „Oxide scale failure on AISI430 ferritic stainless steel under simulated roll-break conditions“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440919.

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2

Darth, Pontus. „Simulation of Rolling Mill to Computeand Improve Load Distribution“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85595.

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This master thesis was done at Swerim AB in cooperation with SSAB and the Technical University of Luleå in the purpose of preventing spalling problems in hot rolling mills. Spallings are a fatigue damage that occurs on the rolls due to extreme loads and unfavorable conditions between the rolls in a mill. This report describes how the roughing mill, which is the first of a series of hot rolling mills is modelled and simulated in order to compute and improve the load distribution between the rolls. The load distribution tells a lot where the spalling problems occurs. By computer aided design and simulations with the finite element method a parametric computational model was created and used to simulate the load distribution between the work roll and backup roll with worn andfresh rolls. These simulations showed what the load distribution looks like when using new rolls and that the load distribution is especially bad when the work roll is worn. The computational model was used to simulate how the load distribution changes with different geometries on the backup roll to provide valuable input and suggest new designs on the backup roll currently used by SSAB Borlänge.

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3

Venkatakrishnan, R. „Role of decidual corticosteroid production in reproductive failure“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/62785/.

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Glucocorticoids have been implicated in many processes including successful embryo implantation, placentation, and the growth and development of the fetus. Glucocorticoid treatment has been advocated as a treatment to improve reproductive outcome for a number of reasons. Prednisolone treatment has been associated with improvement in clinical outcome in women with recurrent miscarriage and improvement in outcome of In Vitro Fertilisation. Steroids have been found to reduce the high levels of uterine natural killer cells which have been associated with recurrent miscarriage and recurrent implantation failure. Glucocorticoids stimulate peri-implantation human chorionic gonadotrophin secretion from trophoblast of early human embryo and accelerate trophoblast growth and invasion. Elevated uterine NK cell levels during the implantation window are associated with reproductive failure and can be repressed by oral glucocorticoids. We have shown that decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells profoundly up regulate the expression and activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, the enzyme that converts inert cortisone to active cortisol; thus establishing a local cortisol gradient and activation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. We also found that elevated levels of uterine natural killer cells in the stroma underlying the surface epithelium of endometrium are associated with defective decidualization of resident stromal cells, inadequate cortisol biosynthesis and suboptimal induction of corticosteroid-dependent enzymes involved in lipid droplet accumulation and retinoid transport pathway. Thus, impaired decidualization limits the induction of a local cortisol gradient in the stroma underlying the surface epithelium. This in turn accounts for possible inappropriate recruitment of uterine natural killer cells and suboptimal expression of metabolic genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and retinoid storage pathway. Based on the findings, we postulate that patients suffering recurrent miscarriage associated with high uterine NK cell density may benefit from corticosteroid treatment in early pregnancy; although this assumption will need to be tested in a larger clinical trial.

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4

Longo, Cristina. „The role of excess weight in antibiotic treatment failure“. Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104736.

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Objectives: To determine whether excess weight is associated with antibiotic treatment failure (ATF) and if this may be due to a lack of weight-based dosing.Methods: Using a historical cohort study design, data linked to Quebec administrative databases were available for 18 014 consenting patients randomly sampled from the 1992 and 1998 Santé Québec Health surveys (response rate 85%). Selected patients were within the normal weight, overweight and obese weight classes aged 20–79 years, receiving at least one episode of antibiotic therapy from the health survey date to December 2005. ATF was measured via secondary antibiotic prescriptions or additional hospitalizations for infections within the month following initial therapy for each participant. The antibiotic daily dose (DD) and daily dose to body mass index (DD:BMI) ratios were computed for those receiving an oral antibiotic prescription. Logistic regression was performed to determine whether overweight and/or obesity as well as dosing factors (e.g. DD:BMI) were significant predictors of ATF, while one-way ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons was used to determine if DD:BMI ratios differed significantly across weight groups, reflecting a lack of weight-based dosing. Results: Of the 6 179 patients selected, 828 (13.4%) had an ATF event during the outcome assessment period. Obesity was found to be a significant predictor of ATF with an OR of 1.26 (95% CI 1.03-1.52), after adjusting for other potential confounders including sociodemographic, and antibiotic-related factors (e.g. MRSA and history of antibiotic use). The antibiotic DD:BMI ratio means differed significantly between weight groups, where means decreased with increasing BMI. When included in the ATF predictive model along with other previous confounding factors, the DD:BMI variable was significant (p-value of 0.03) with a modest adjusted OR of 1.004 (95% CI 1.000-1.007). Conclusions: Obesity is a significant predictor of ATF and this association is likely due to the current “one size fits all” dosing strategy. Findings may encourage further research in the field of pharmacokinetics and family medicine to find a means of standardizing current antibiotic dosing guidelines for weight as well as implementing weight-based dosing in family practice.
Objectifs: Déterminer s'il existe un lien entre le surpoids et l'échec d'un traitement antibiotique (ÉTA) et si le fait de ne pas régler la dose en fonction du poids peut en être la cause. Méthodes: À partir d'une étude historique de cohorte, nous avons utilisé un échantillon aléatoire de 18 014 patients consentants tiré des enquêtes de Santé Québec entre 1992 et 1998 (taux de réponse de 85%). Parmi les patients sélectionnés, on retrouvait des groupes de personnes de poids normal, faisant de l'embonpoint et souffrant d'obésité avec un écart d'âge variant de 20 à 79 ans et ayant reçu au moins un traitement antibiotique entre le début de l'enquête et décembre 2005. Pour mesurer l'ÉTA, nous avons noté les répétitions de prescriptions d'antibiotiques ou les hospitalisations supplémentaires à cause d'infections au cours du mois suivant le traitement initial de chaque participant. Les ratios de la dose quotidienne (DQ) d'antibiotiques et de la dose quotidienne par rapport à l'indice de masse corporelle (DQ:IMC) ont été calculés pour les personnes avec une prescription d'antibiotiques oraux. La régression logistique à été utilisée pour déterminer si le surpoids et/ou l'obésité ainsi que d'autres facteurs de dose (ex. le ratio DQ:IMC) constituaient des variables prédictives pour l'ÉTA. Par ailleurs, l'ANOVA avec l'ajustement pour comparaisons multiples de Tukey-Kramer ont été utilisés pour déterminer si les ratios DQ:IMC variaient de façon significative d'un groupe à l'autre, ce qui signalerait l'absence de dosage en fonction du poids. Résultats : Parmi les 6 179 patients sélectionnés, 828 (13.4%) avaient subi un ÉTA durant la période d'évaluation. Les résultats ont révélé que l'obésité constituait un facteur significatif de l'ÉTA avec un rapport de cote (RC) de 1.26 (95% IC 1.03-1.52), ceci après avoir ajusté les données en fonction des variables de contrôles possibles comme les variables sociodémographiques ou les facteurs reliés aux antibiotiques (ex. le SARM et les antécédents d'utilisation d'antibiotiques). Les moyennes du ratio DQ:ICM variaient de façon significative d'un groupe à l'autre, alors que les moyennes diminuaient quand l'ICM augmentait. Lorsqu'on l'inclut dans le modèle prédictif de l'ÉTA avec d'autres variables précédents, la variation du ratio DQ:ICM était significative (valeur p de 0.03) avec un RC ajusté de 1.004 (95% IC 1.000-1.007).Conclusions : L'obésité constitue un facteur prédictif significatif de l'ÉTA. Cette association est probablement reliée au fait que les doses sont administrées uniformément parmi les différents groupes de poids. Ces découvertes devraient encourager d'autres recherches dans le domaine de la pharmacocinétique et de la médecine familiale, afin de pouvoir établir des normes de dosage des antibiotiques axées sur le poids et d'intégrer dans la pratique médicale courante l'administration de doses en fonction du poids.

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5

Moustapha, Ahmad. „The role of rejection in aortic valve allograft failure“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24886.pdf.

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6

Barlow, Clifford William. „The role of potassium during exercise in heart failure“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240607.

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7

Roxborough, Heather Elaine. „The role of carbamylation in atherogenesis in renal failure“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388178.

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8

Wingham, Jennifer. „Living with heart failure : self management, informed support and the role of the heart failure specialist nurse“. Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553683.

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People with heart failure frequently experience poor quality of life, often exacerbated by co-morbidities. This demands complex self-management activities, often supported by family members in care roles, and includes input from community Heart Failure Specialist Nurses (HFSNs) that is known to reduce hospital readmissions. There is, however, a paucity of knowledge about the perceptions of people living with heart failure concerning self-management strategies. Aim This thesis is a longitudinal study exploring emergent patterns and styles of self- management of persons with heart failure, the impact of family members and HFSNs. Method Thirty-one theoretically sampled participants with heart failure were recruited from a district general hospital between October 2004 and September 2006. The sample participated in home-based, audio-taped, semi-structured interviews prior to nurse intervention, describing how heart failure affected their lives, focusing on self-management strategies. The HFSNs conducted home visits and telephone contacts according to individual needs independent of the research. At five months, 23 participants completed a diary for 14 days. Twenty- seven participants (three died, and one withdrew) were interviewed at six 3 months to explore how self-management strategies had changed. The HFSNs participated in a focus group. Constructivist grounded theory and reflexive accounting informed data collection and analysis, leading to the inductive development of an explanatory framework for emergent themes, one of which, Informed Support, serves as an original and significant contribution to the literature. Results Successful management is a complex biopsychosocial activity, involving reconstructions of identity, symptom management, and relationship management, while living with a chronic and uncertain condition that severely compromises life activities. Central to successful management is Informed Support, where family members collaboratively develop a range of activities and attributes to augment self-management. This was perceived as most effective when the HFSNs were able to adopt a 'whole family' approach. Conclusion Heart failure self-management is a dynamic, complex and adaptive activity that can be positively and significantly shaped by Informed Support from family members. Community based HFSNs can influence, but need to recognise differing styles of, self-management.

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9

Van, Kuiken Debra M. „The Role of Hope in Self-care in Persons with Heart Failure“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1226586770.

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10

Mota, Solis NoeÌ. „The role of microstructure on failure in TiAl-based alloys“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409044.

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11

Anwar, Khurshid. „Role of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in acute liver failure“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370058.

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12

Phillips, Ronald Michael. „The role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in congestive heart failure /“. The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487945320757787.

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13

Zhong, Tiecheng. „Ang II-Induced Cardiac Remodeling: Role of PI3-Kinase-Dependent Autophagy“. Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28800.

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Heart failure (HF) is a pathological state indicating insufficient blood supply to the peripheral tissues from the heart. The pathophysiology of HF is multifactorial like cardiac remodeling including cardiac hypertrophy, perivascular fibrosis and apoptosis to compensate for the heart?s inability to pump enough blood. Cardiac hypertrophy is initially adaptive to hemodynamic overload; however, it chronically contributes to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. The extracellular regulatory factors and intracellular signaling pathways involved in the cardiac remodeling are not yet fully clear. PI3-kinase is an important intracellular kinase in organ size control. Cardiac overexpression of Class I PI3-kinase caused heart enlargement in transgenic mice. Autophagy as a dynamic process involving the degradation of damaged mitochondria prevents ROS overproduction which leads to the cardiac remodeling. Therefore, our aim was to study the relationship between PI3-kinases and Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling via an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Ang II significantly increased autophagy with two distinctive phases: an increasing phase at low doses and a decreasing phase at high doses in cardiomyocytes. The Ang II-induced autophagic depression was attenuated by a Class I PI3-kinase inhibitor and potentiated by Class III PI3-kinase inhibitor. Besides, Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondria ROS generation were attenuated via blockade of Class I PI3-kinase or mTOR. To further validate our in vitro data, we studied the role of Class I PI3-kinase in Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling in vivo. We successfully transferred Lv-DNp85 (Class I PI3-kinase blockade) and Lv-GFP (control) into adult rat hearts and found that cardiac transfer of Lv-DNp85 did not alter Ang II-induced pressor effect, but attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, perivascular fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling was associated with impaired autophagy and mitochondrial ROS overproduction, which were significantly attenuated by Lv-DNp85-induced blockade of Class I PI3-kinase. Taken together, these data suggest that Class I PI3-kinase is involved in Ang II-induced impairment of autophagy via Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to mitochondrial ROS overproduction and cardiac remodeling. These results are not only highly significant from a pathophysiological perspective, but also have important pharmacological implications in the control of cardiac hypertrophy to prevent decompensation and failure in cardiac function.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
National Institutes of Health (NIH, NS55008)

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14

Davies, Elizabeth Louise. „The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 in cardiac hypertrophy“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391714.

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15

Qing, Gefei. „Role of atrial natriuretic factor in experimental high-output heart failure“. Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69541.

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It has been hypothesized that the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (CHF) may be due to a relative deficiency of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and/or blunted responsiveness to ANF in this state. The work presented in this thesis evaluates the role of ANF in rats with chronic moderate high-output heart failure by (1) characterizing plasma and tissue ANF levels, hemodynamics and renal function at different stages of the development of heart failure; (2) assessing the contribution of the atria and ventricles to plasma ANF levels; and (3) investigating the role of ANF and renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) in rats with aorto-caval (A-C) shunts.
Chronically increased cardiac filling pressure stimulated not only ANF release but also ANF synthesis in each cardiac chamber. This in turn contributed to elevated plasma ANF levels in A-C shunt rats. An attenuated renal response to endogenous ANF and sodium and water retention were apparent in A-C shunt rats. Under inhibition of RAS, plasma ANF may exert its actions more effectively. Thus, chronic ACE inhibition and ANG II receptor antagonism improved hemodynamic conditions, diminished water retention, reversed cardiac hypertrophy, and restored plasma and tissue ANF to more "normal" levels in rats with moderate high-output heart failure.
Taken together, elevated plasma ANF levels may play an important role in maintaining hemodynamic and body fluid homeostasis by opposing the neurohormonal vasoconstrictor systems in A-C shunt rats. However, a relative deficiency of plasma ANF and/or an attenuated response to endogenous ANF, mediated by activated neurohormonal vasoconstrictor systems, may contribute to the pathophysiology and development of heart failure at different stages. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Whalley, Gillian Amanda. „The role of contemporary echocardiography in the management of heart failure“. Thesis, University of Auckland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/61.

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Heart failure (HF) is an increasing and leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity, hospitalisation and death. Echocardiography is often used in HF patients because it provides important aetiological, diagnostic and prognostic information to assist physician management at moderate cost. This thesis has explored contemporary echocardiographic techniques for assessment of both diastolic and systolic function to ascertain their effectiveness and optimal utility. Assessment of systolic function in HF patients is optimised by the use of harmonic imaging and not enhanced with the use of transpulmonary contrast agents, whilst diastolic filling is optimised by the use of preload manipulation. When optimised in this way, echocardiography can be used to stratify HF patients in terms of risk of death and/or hospitalisation after discharge from hospital. This was confirmed in a meta-analysis of more than 6000 patients (1000 deaths) with HF or after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), where the presence of restrictive filling pattern (the most severe form of diastolic dysfunction) was associated with a four-fold increase in mortality in both patient groups. In addition, restrictive filling pattern also predicted development of HF post AMI and hospitalisation in patients with HF. This meta-analysis also evaluated the intermediate stages of diastolic dysfunction and found a stepped relationship between each grade and prognosis. The last part of this thesis explored the role of contemporary echocardiography for management of symptomatic patients in the community and found that the diagnosis of HF in the community may be optimised by using brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) as a first test to "rule-out" heart failure and then echocardiography, which was superior to BNP in patients with intermediate BNP levels to diagnose HF. Furthermore, the systolic echocardiographic parameters were important for diagnosis, whilst the diastolic parameters predicted future hospitalisation. In summary, contemporary echocardiography in HF patients should include comprehensive assessment of systolic function (using tissue harmonics imaging) and diastolic filling (utilising preload manipulation). This approach will optimise both diagnosis and prognosis and in turn may aid physician management.

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17

Angus, Timothy B. „A new role for the CBC, correcting market and government failure“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21034.pdf.

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18

Hill, Michael F. „Role of oxidative stress in heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0013/NQ31990.pdf.

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19

Biddle, Martha J. „LYCOPENE AND ITS POTENTIAL NUTRITIONAL ROLE FOR PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE“. UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/175.

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Lycopene is a antioxidant found in natural and processed foods. The connection between antioxidants and heart disease has been explored in several observational studies1-4, yet very few investigators have examined the impact of dietary antioxidants in patient with advanced heart disease such as heart failure (HF). A novel strategy for preventing or delaying the complications of HF related to inflammation and oxidative stress may be to increase dietary lycopene. The purpose of this dissertation was to test the impact of dietary intervention consisting of lycopene (V8® juice) on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with HF; Prior to testing the dietary intervention, preliminary work was conducted: 1) a review of the literature on dietary lycopene interventions in patients with HF and 2) a longitudinal study to examine whether lycopene and sodium intake interact to produce an effect on event-free survival in patients with HF. Forty patients with HF were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (intervention and usual care). The intervention group received 24 mg of lycopene by drinking 11.5 ounces of V8®100% vegetable juice daily for 30 days. The usual care group continued their usual diet. Serum levels of uric acid and C-reactive protein were obtained to determine the impact of the lycopene dietary intervention. Patients in the intervention group had higher levels of plasma lycopene after one month drinking V8® juice. We also found a significant decrease in plasma CRP levels among women in the intervention group, while there was no change in CRP levels among men in the intervention group. This dissertation has provided insight about lycopene as a potential nutritional intervention for patients with HF, aimed at reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. This dietary intervention is practical, easy to replicate, cost effective and is safe for patients with HF. Additional research is needed to determine the effects of long-term outcomes of dietary antioxidants in patients with HF.

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20

Maguire, Suzanne Mary. „The role of vascular endothelium in congestive heart failure and ageing“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387896.

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21

Guhde, Isabel C., und Conner Moss. „The Role of Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Mitigating Heart Failure Progression“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/54.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is expected to increase in prevalence. As a result of the individual and systemic healthcare impacts of CVD, heart failure, and its subsets, focusing on the alleviation of cardiac dysfunction and restoration of autonomic imbalance is paramount. Most research regarding cardiovascular disease is focused on mitigating heart failure from a cardiovascular perspective. However, this review will investigate heart failure from a neuroscientific perspective, highlighting the influence of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, autonomic imbalance, and neuroinflammation on the progression of heart failure. By doing so, this research will bring light to how neuroscience may be applied to the cardiovascular system, and how interventions, such as vagal nerve stimulation, may be an untapped resource in mitigating the progression of heart failure. This review examined current relevant research to understand the brain regions implicated in the progression of heart failure, and to better understand how the nervous system may be modulated to improve heart failure outcomes through vagal nerve stimulation. This review sets the conceptual framework for future research to examine the structural changes observed in research animals who receive vagal nerve stimulation.

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22

Lang, Bradley Thomas. „THE ROLE OF PTPs IN REGENERATION FAILURE FOLLOWING SPINAL CORD INJURY“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1417619755.

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23

Almond, Natalie R. „Perfectionism, failure and self-conscious emotions : a role for self-compassion?“ Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808248/.

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Objectives: This study investigated: (1) whether maladaptive perfectionism predicted the experience of self-conscious emotions such as shame, guilt and pride following an imagined failure and (2) whether self-compassionate writing could reduce shame and guilt and increase pride relative to a control and self-esteem writing task. Design: The study used a correlational design to assess the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and self-conscious emotions. The study also used an experimental between-subjects design to investigate the effect of writing task on self-conscious emotions controlling for initial levels of self-conscious emotion using ANCOVA. Methods: Ninety-five University of Surrey students completed an online study that manipulated imagined failure on an academic assignment, and measured maladaptive perfectionism and shame, guilt and pride. Participants were then randomly allocated to either a self-compassionate, self-esteem or a control writing task. Self-conscious emotions were then measured again. Results: Following imagining failure maladaptive perfectionism was positively associated with state shame and guilt and negatively associated with state pride. When measured after the writing tasks, the means for shame and guilt were lowered and the mean for pride was increased. However, contrary to predictions, shame was not predicted by writing condition, guilt remained highest following completion of a self-compassionate writing task and pride was highest following the completion of the control-writing task. Conclusions: Maladaptive perfectionism is correlated with self-conscious emotions following imagined failure. Self-compassionate writing tasks do not appear to be more effective at improving self-conscious emotion than other writing tasks.

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Myers, Valerie. „The Role of BAG3 in the Failing Heart“. Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/490584.

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Biomedical Sciences
Ph.D.
Heart disease has been the leading cause of death in the United States for more than 90 years. The leading cause of death in individuals aged 65 and older has remained diseases of the heart from 1950 to the current time. According to the CDC, once diagnosed with heart disease, individuals have an approximately 50% chance of dying within 5 years, regardless of race. Mortality related to heart disease increased dramatically from the start of the 1900s to 1921, but subsequently experienced a steady decline from the mid-1960’s to 2000. However, when the decrease in heart disease is examined at the level of race it is clear that the decrease is not equally shared. While the leading cause of death among both Caucasian American men and women and African American men and women remains heart disease, the decrease in incidence of coronary heart disease among African American men was only half of the decrease in incidence among Caucasian American men. Genetic variants in BAG3 (Bcl-2 associated athanogene 3), a highly evolutionarily conserved gene that has recently emerged as a major dilated cardiomyopathy locus, are prevalent in isolated populations. This led us to hypothesize that variants in BAG3 might contribute to the increased prevalence of IDC in individuals of African ancestry. Expressed predominantly in the heart, the skeletal muscle and in many cancers, BAG3 has pleotropic effects in the heart. It inhibits apoptosis by binding to Bcl-2, facilitates protein quality control by binding to both large and small heat shock proteins, mediates adrenergic responsiveness by coupling the β-adrenergic receptor and the L-type Ca2+ channel, and maintains the integrity of the sarcomere by anchoring actin filaments to the Z disc. However, a paucity of subjects of African ancestry have been included in cohorts of probands with familial dilated cardiomyopathy whose exomes or genomes have been sequenced. Based on our previous observations and reports from other groups we postulated: 1) that mice with haplo-insufficiency of BAG3 will re-capitulate disease seen in humans and serve as a model for studying the pathogenesis of BAG3. 2) The prevalence or identification of specific BAG3 variants will differ by race and/or ethnicity. 3) SNVs of BAG3 may contribute to disease progression and thereby be pathogenic. Our study points out that we cannot understand population-based differences without enhancing the diversity of populations included in genomic studies. Similarly, in the era of big data, efforts must be undertaken to assess the genetic profile of both probands and their family members as without the ability to measure segregation, penetrance and plasticity we can only ascribe associations to functional genetic variants.
Temple University--Theses

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Dalzell, Jonathan. „The novel peptide apelin and its putative role in cardiovascular regulation in health and heart failure“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=192161.

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Heart failure is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and economic cost. Over the past 30 years our understanding of the pathophysiology of heart failure has advanced greatly. However, morbidity and mortality remain high and further improvements in therapy are necessary. Pre-clinical data suggest that the novel peptide apelin, acting through the APJ receptor, has anti-hypertensive, vasodilator, diuretic and inotropic actions and an antagonistic relationship with angiotensin-II. These findings are of obvious interest in heart failure, particularly as plasma and myocardial apelin concentrations are reduced in patients with advanced heart failure. Consequently, it is hypothesised that upregulation of the apelin-APJ system may be of therapeutic value. The aims of this doctoral thesis were therefore to delineate the actions, mechanisms of action and relative efficacy of apelin; compare the arterial vasodilator action of apelin in health and heart failure; and examine the interactions of apelin with other key neurohormones in health and heart failure. This was achieved using wire myography and organ bath techniques in an array of animal and human blood vessels and in a validated rabbit model of post-myocardial infarction heart failure. Apelin is a modest nitric oxide and prostanoid dependent vasodilator at supra-physiological concentrations in small arteries. No such effect was noted in larger arteries or veins. This vasodilator action is abolished in heart failure, whilst response to acetylcholine is preserved suggesting an apelin-APJ specific abnormality in this syndrome. Apelin has an antagonistic relationship with endothelin-1 and synergistic relationship with B-type natriuretic peptide in normal small arteries. Again, these putative cardioprotective properties are lost in heart failure. These data suggest that the putative cardioprotective properties of apelin are lost in heart failure.

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Gathright, Emily C. „DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND MORTALITY IN HEART FAILURE:THE ROLE OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE“. Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492886768115406.

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27

Kämpenberg, Kristin. „Edna’s Failure to Find Her Female Role in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening“. Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Culture and Communication, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-914.

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In The Awakening we meet Edna, a woman in search of her female identity. She is uncomfortable in her role as the “patriarchal woman” and has trouble becoming either a “modern woman” or an “emancipated woman” To fully understand Edna’s search one must understand the patriarchal society in Chopin’s works and what it means to internalize this system. Edna searches for a different female role than that of the “patriarchal woman” but she has problems internalizing any one of the roles due to her previous choices, current social position and lack of support in her quest. This essay explores what these previous choices are and why they have placed her in her current position. She has a lack of support, which is crucial if she is to break out of her current female position. Edna’s realization that she cannot obtain a full acceptance in either one of these three female roles finally led to her choosing suicide. This essay also explores why she chooses this final way to resolve her problem. Critics have said that the suicide is not in tune with the rest of the novel, but I will in contrast show how the ending is indeed very much in tune with Chopin’s portrayal of Edna. The confusion that Chopin shows in Edna’s character throughout the novel explains why Edna in the end takes her own life. Our protagonist is a woman who searches for an identity that she cannot find due to choices she has already made and a society which she cannot change, and in that light suicide is a viable alternative.

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Nazli, Sabiha [Verfasser]. „Role of CPI-17 in ischemia-reperfusion induced barrier failure / Sabiha Nazli“. Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1065320434/34.

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29

Bolte, Craig Steven. „The Role of the opioidergic system in the progression to heart failure“. Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1227150790.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Advisor: Jo El Schultz Ph.D. (Committee Chair), Scott Belcher Ph.D. (Committee Member), Guoxiang Chu M.D., Ph.D. (Committee Member), Ronald Millard Ph.D. (Committee Member), Mark Olah Ph.D. (Committee Member), ei Yu Ph.D. (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Jan. 19, 2009). Keywords: opioids; heart failure; work-performing heart; hypertension; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Malikova, Svetlana. „The role of mass media in the survival or failure of democracies“. Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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31

Chess, David J. „The Role of Dietary Fat and Carbohydrate in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1224770615.

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32

Filous, Angela R. Ph D. „The Role of NG2+ Cells in Regeneration Failure After Spinal Cord Injury“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1396605992.

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33

Davie, Andrew P. „The role of prostanoids and kinins in the pharmacotherapy of heart failure“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22135.

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The study in chapter 2 examined the effect of intra-arterial arachidonic acid on forearm blood flow in healthy volunteers and in patients with heart failure treated with an ACE inhibitor. We found that arachidonic acid was vasodilating and that this vasodilation was inhibited by 14 days oral aspirin, even a dose as small as 75mg daily. This does not prove that aspirin adversely effects vascular tone in these patients, but it does prove that it could. The study in chapter 3 examined the effect of aspirin on the immediate venodilator response to intravenous frusemide in patients with heart failure treated with an ACE inhibitor. We found that there was a small immediate venodilator response to intravenous frusemide, and we found that this vasodilator response was inhibited by 14 days oral aspirin, even a dose as small as 75mg daily. This proves that aspirin adversely effects the haemodynamic response to frusemide in these patients. The study in chapter 4 examined the effect of bradykinin and substance P on forearm blood flow in patients with heart failure treated with an ACE-inhibitor, and the effect of aspirin. We found that bradykinin and substance P were potent vasodilators, but that neither was affected by aspirin. This implies that neither bradykinin nor substance P is likely to contribute to a negative interaction between aspirin and ACE inhibitors. The study in chapter 5 examined the effects of bradykinin and its antagonist on forearm blood flow in patients with heart failure randomised to double-blind crossover treatment with ACE inhibitor or AT1 antagonist. Whilst we found that the response to bradykinin was enhanced by ACE inhibitor, as expected, we found no significant effect of bradykinin antagonism with an ACE inhibitor or an AT1 antagonist.

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Vara, Alicia, und Dimiter Bogdanzaliev. „The role of positive emotions in project failure and their impact on Corporate Entrepreneurs’ decision-making and motivation“. Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-24203.

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Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to identify the role of positive emotions in project failure and how these emotions affect corporate entrepreneurs´ decision-making and motivation. Theoretical perspective Entrepreneurial Failure, Emotions, Appraisal Theory, Attribution Theory, Psychological Ownership, Psychological Capital. Empirical foundation Seventeen respondents from 14 entrepreneurial companies were interviewed to identify the role of positive emotions in project failure and their impact on corporate entrepreneurs’ decision-making and motivation in subsequent projects. Interviews were conducted by phone (1), audio conference (2), video conference (3) and face-to-face interviews (4). Conclusion We offer a model, which shows the three positive emotions that were found to be experienced in project failure, namely relief, confidence and challenge and their impact on corporate entrepreneurs’ decision-making and motivation in subsequent projects.

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Kadri, Amer N., Roop Kaw, Yasser Al-Khadra, Hasan Abumasha, Keyvan Ravakhah, Adrian V. Hernandez und Wai Hong Wilson Tang. „The role of B-type natriuretic peptide in diagnosing acute decompensated heart failure in chronic kidney disease patients“. Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624714.

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Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) patients have higher serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), which alters the test interpretation. We aim to define BNP cutoff levels to diagnose acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in CKD according to CHF subtype: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Material and methods: We reviewed 1,437 charts of consecutive patients who were admitted for dyspnea. We excluded patients with normal kidney function, without measured BNP, echocardiography, or history of CHF. BNP cutoff values to diagnose ADHF for CKD stages according to CHF subtype were obtained for the highest pair of sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp). We calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR–, respectively), and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR), as well as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for BNP. Results: We evaluated a cohort of 348 consecutive patients: 152 had ADHF, and 196 had stable CHF. In those with HFpEF with CKD stages 3–4, BNP < 155 pg/ml rules out ADHF (Sn90%, LR– = 0.26 and DOR = 5.75), and BNP > 670 pg/ml rules in ADHF (Sp90%, LR+ = 4 and DOR = 6), with an AUC = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71–0.87). In contrast, in those with HFrEF with CKD stages 3–4, BNP < 412.5 pg/ml rules out ADHF (Sn90%, LR– = 0.19 and DOR = 9.37), and BNP > 1166.5 pg/ml rules in ADHF (Sp87%, LR+ = 3.9 and DOR = 6.97) with an AUC = 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69–0.86). All LRs and DOR were statistically significant. Conclusions: BNP cutoff values for the diagnosis of ADHF in HFrEF were higher than those in HFpEF across CKD stages 3–4, with moderate discriminatory diagnostic ability.
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Nuttall, Sarah Louise. „Oxidative stress in age and age-related disease and the potential therapeutic role for antioxidants“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365384.

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Schafer, Allison E. „The Role of MMP-13 in Cardiac Remodeling and Fibrosis“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1537949351943938.

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Lovell, Sharon Lynne. „The role of nitric oxide and endothelin in the regulation of pulmonary arterial pressure in man“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322648.

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39

Potter, Kathryn Jane. „The role of islet amyloid and CHOP in islet graft dysfunction and failure“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36528.

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Islet transplantation has great promise as a treatment for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes but its long-term success is limited by progressive graft dysfunction. Many measures of cell dysfunction in transplantation are similar to those observed in the type 2 diabetic cell. We focused upon two particular genes underlying pathology of the latter, namely islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). We hypothesized that CHOP and islet amyloid composed of IAPP played distinct roles in progressive dysfunction and loss of the transplanted cell. Human islets and murine islets expressing the IAPP transgene developed islet amyloid following transplantation. Amyloid deposition correlated with loss of glycemic control and was exacerbated by transplantation of a marginal islet mass. Further, pre-existing amyloid in human islets prior to transplantation correlated with graft dysfunction at one year following islet transplantation into human allograft recipients. We tested several strategies to protect against islet amyloid toxicity in a pre-clinical model of human islet culture. Human IAPP deposition and toxicity was abrogated by siRNA against IAPP and by peptide inhibitors of IAPP aggregation. As an alternate strategy, transplantation of porcine islets expressing minimally amyloidogenic forms of IAPP yields excellent long-term outcomes. Islet amyloid deposition and toxicity is particularly rapid in the transplanted islet. This phenomenon may relate to factors in the transplant environment. We demonstrated that heparin, used in clinical islet transplantation, potentiates amyloid deposition in human islets. In addition, it exacerbates IAPP toxicity to cultured cells and accelerates graft failure in marginal mass human islet grafts. CHOP is activated by prolonged endoplasmic reticulum or oxidative stress. We demonstrated that CHOP immunostaining is increased in marginal mass islet grafts. Transplantation of islets in which CHOP has been deleted or silenced by RNA significantly improves glycemic normalization in marginal mass grafts and reduces apoptosis. These data suggest that CHOP plays a detrimental role in islet graft dysfunction. These studies demonstrate a role for two independent non-immune factors in mediating islet graft dysfunction and for which therapeutic modulation may improve cell function and survival in both islet transplantation and type 2 diabetes.

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Ballyk, Peter Donald. „The role of vascular wall mechanics in the failure of surgical bypass grafts“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/NQ35104.pdf.

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41

Garcia, Jorge. „Cardiac Power Output, its Role in Defining Heart Failure for Future Mechanical Support“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144592.

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Cardiac Power Output (CPO) has shown to effectively indentify declining cardiac performance in Heart Failure (HF) patients. We compared CPO to other commonly used hemodynamic parameters to establish its usefulness in determining when Mechanical Circulatory Support (MCS) is required. A retrospective study of 28 HF patients previously implanted with MCS were analyzed at 3 stages of pharmacological support. Studied subjects were separated into two categories (survived versus deceased) to compare contractile reserve differences in order to predict when complete cardiac dysfunction was met. CPO and Cardiac Power Index (CPI) were the two hemodynamic parameters that identified remaining contractile reserve in the declining heart (p < 0.05). Other commonly used hemodynamic parameters failed to provide information that can detect the need for MCS. Patients who decreased below 0.70 (Watts) had higher incidences of mortality and /or morbidity. Clinicians who cannot medically manage HF patients above 0.70 W may consider MCS as an alternative treatment to retain hemodynamic stability.

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Allen, David Andrew. „The role of inflammatory cytokines in resistance to erythropoietin in chronic renal failure“. Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394275.

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43

Hampton, David William. „The role of glia in the regenerative failure of the central nervous system“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615858.

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44

Shan, Qixian, und 單綺嫻. „The role of nitric oxide and adrenomedullin in cardiovascular failure in septic shock“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242261.

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45

Puybaraud, Marie-Cecile. „A model of the role of management in construction fire safety failure scenarios“. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1139.

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46

Morris, Kevin Paul. „Anaemia in children with chronic renal failure : the role of recombinant human erythropoietin“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295530.

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47

Horney, Jennifer A. Kaufman Jay S. „Hurricane evacuation failure the role of social cohesion, social capital, and social control /“. Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2446.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 3, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology." Discipline: Epidemiology; Department/School: Public Health.

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Khalil, Mahmoud Salah. „Transforming growth factor beta 1 : role in the progression of chronic renal failure“. Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2002. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19437/.

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TGF-beta1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental and clinical glomerulosclerosis and tubufointerstitial fibrosis. Associations have been described between polymorphisms of cytokine and growth factor genes and susceptibility to, or progression of, an increasing number of diseases. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TGFbeta1 gene were investigated as possible markers for the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF). One hundred and forty two Caucasian patients with CRF were screened for four TGFB1 SNPs: T-509C in the promoter region; Arg25Pro and Leu10Pro in exon 1 and Thr263Ile in exon 5. There were significant differences between CRF patients and controls in allele frequencies of two of the SNPs (Leu10Pro and C-509T), indicating an association with susceptibility to CRF, We also observed a significant association between rate of progression of CRF (the slope of the reciprocal of serum creatinine v time) and genotype, both at codon 25 (odds ratio 3.77, 95% confidence interval, 2.2 - 6, p < 0.001) and at the -509 promoter site (odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.5), p < 0.005) in patients with primary nephropathy (excluding PKD). Genotype at codon 25 was also associated with severity of proteinuria (p= 0.038), plasma TGF-B1 protein levels (p = 0,01), and the severity of glomerulosclerosis (p < 0.05). Genotype at C-509T was associated with the level of renal tubular TGF-B1 immunostmning (p = 0.0006) and with renal interstitial inflammatory cellular infiltration (p=0,015). There was a highly significant correlation between the degree of cellular infiltration in renal tissues and tubular TGF-beta1 immunostaining.

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Van, Laar Sonja Terry. „Relationship of success-failure attributions to gender-role identity type in college students“. Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2799.

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One hundred eighty five college students (75 male and 110 female) solved 12 anagrams, completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory, and completed a posttest which measured participant's internal and external attributions about the success or failure outcome of the anagram solutions. A 4 x 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA with gender-role type (masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated), biological sex, and outcome as the independent variables was used to analyze the outcome scores for internal and external attributions. Contrary to prediction, there was no significant interaction between gender-role identity and outcome. The internal attributions in the success condition for all subjects were significantly greater than internal attributions in the failure condition. There were no other significant main effects or interactions. Results of this study are in agreement with meta-analytic findings which state there are no significant differences between males and females in success/failure attributions.

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Subramanian, Rohit. „COMPUTATIONAL FRAMEWORK TO ASSESS ROLE OF MANUFACTURING IN MATERIAL-DEFECT RELATED FAILURE RISK“. The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398998282.

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