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Dzisi, Smile, und Christopher Selvarajah. „Innovation and the Success of Women's Small Scale Enterprises in Ghana“. International Journal of Technology and Management Research 1, Nr. 1 (17.02.2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v1i1.2.
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Innovation is fast becoming a crucial factor in enterprise performance, growth and survival. In recent years, a growing number of studies have demonstrated how innovation leads to success in larger enterprises. Literature addressing innovation in small enterprises in developing countries is limited; most studies in this field are from developed countries. This study therefore aimed at filling the gap by firstly, exploring the innovations introduced in the Ghanaian women-owned small enterprises, and secondly finding out the relationship between these innovations and the women's business success. The innovative practices explored were the introduction of new products and processes, identification of new sources of raw materials and new markets. Quantitative and qualitative approaches are combined in data collection and analysis. Data has been obtained from a survey of 421 Ghanaian women entrepreneurs and interviews conducted with 50 of those women. The results in the study indicated that the small enterprises engaged in various types of innovative practices such as the adoption of fuel efficient processing methods, diversification of product line, improved packaging and opening of new market outlets. These innovative practices have contributed to the success of the enterprises. Their success factors include self-fulfillment, wealth creation and positive impact on the Ghanaian economy. These findings have policy implications for improved technology and funds allocation to enhance women's role in economic development.
Keywords: Innovation; Business growth; Women-owned small enterprises; Schumpeter's entrepreneurship perspective.
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Anlesinya, Alex, Oluwayemisi Ajoke Adepoju und Ulf Henning Richter. „Cultural orientation, perceived support and participation of female students in formal entrepreneurship in the sub-Saharan economy of Ghana“. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 11, Nr. 3 (09.09.2019): 299–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-01-2019-0018.
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Purpose This purpose of this paper is to examine cultural orientations and intention of Ghanaian women to engage in entrepreneurship while assessing the role of perceived support system. The aim is to contribute to the literature in the sub-Saharan African context where women entrepreneurs are generally under-researched, despite their increasing significant roles in socio-economic development in the continent even in the face of huge cultural barriers. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a hierarchical regression analysis and Hay’s PROCESS moderation technique to analyze survey data from 190 female students from Ghana, Africa. Findings The results indicate that uncertainty avoidance and power distance cultural orientations have significant positive and negative effects, respectively, on women’s participation in formal entrepreneurship. However, collectivism and masculine cultural orientations do not have any effect on their intention to engage in formal entrepreneurial activity. The study further shows that perceived support system has a buffering effect on the destructive consequences of power distance culture on formal entrepreneurship intentions. On the contrary, perceived support does not moderate the relationship between uncertainty avoidance, collectivism and masculine cultural and formal entrepreneurial intention. Practical implications Given the fact that most African governments are making efforts to accelerate the growth and development of their economies via entrepreneurship and economic empowerment, this study’s findings encourage stakeholders to implement measures to leverage on the positive dimensions of cultures to facilitate the development of formal entrepreneurship among Ghanaian women while mitigating the negative consequences of cultural practices. The findings further highlight the need to evaluate the current level of support given to women in Ghana. The study suggests that provision of sufficient level of support can make women more willing to challenge the status quo in power distance cultures and take personal initiatives, thereby leading to more formal entrepreneurial actions. Originality/value This study is a significant addition to women entrepreneurship literature because the role of culture in females’ intention to participate in entrepreneurship is generally an under-researched area. Besides, our examination of national cultural variation at the individual level on formal entrepreneurship intention in a heterogeneous setting is novel. The study also highlights the buffering roles of perceived support on the destructive consequences of power distance cultural orientation on formal entrepreneurial development among women.
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Korang-Okrah, Rose, Wendy Haight, Priscilla Gibson und James Black. „Solutions to property rights ‘violations’ experienced by Ghanaian (Akan) widows and their children: The role of international social workers in addressing human rights“. International Social Work 62, Nr. 1 (13.09.2017): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817731141.
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Social workers are increasingly embracing international perspectives and roles to address persistent human rights issues. This study examines solutions to property rights disputes involving Ghanaian women who are widowed from the perspectives of Akan men and women in four communities. Property ownership is fundamental to the economic survival of women and their children, but millions of women around the world lose their rights to property following the deaths of their husbands. We conducted focus groups with 102 participants in four Akan communities to generate local, culturally viable solutions for preventing property rights violations and resolving them when they do occur.
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Jarvis, Kimberly, Solina Richter, Helen Vallianatos und Lois Thornton. „Reintegration of Women Post Obstetric Fistula Repair: Experience of Family Caregivers“. Global Qualitative Nursing Research 4 (01.01.2017): 233339361771492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333393617714927.
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In northern Ghana, families traditionally function as the main provider of care. The role of family, however, is becoming increasingly challenged with the social shifts in Ghanaian culture moving from extended kinship to nuclear households. This has implications for the care of women post obstetric fistula (OF) repair and their family members who assist them to integrate back into their lives prior to developing the condition. This research is part of a larger critical ethnographic study which explores a culture of reintegration. For this article, we draw attention to the findings related to the experience of family caregivers who care for women post OF repair in northern Ghana. It is suggested that although family caregivers are pleased to have their family member return home, there are many unanticipated physical, emotional, and economic challenges. Findings lead to recommendations for enhancing the reintegration process and the need for adequate caregiving support.
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Cleveland, Emma Kathryn. „Patriarchy, Spirituality, and Power“. African and Asian Studies 14, Nr. 3 (05.08.2015): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341341.
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The reorganization of Akan society in the early 1300’s-1400, the subsequent formation of Asante in 1701, and the introduction of the trans-Atlantic slave trade in the former Gold Coast created new social, economic, and political conditions which initiated a change in the status, mobility, and role of women. Societal restrictions were placed upon female title-holders through language and spiritual taboos which prohibited them from sacred spaces and shrines. Akan cosmology and spirituality were monopolized as a tool for the acquisition of authority. A desire for the accumulation of wealth and power reconceptualised masculine identities as military victories began to be associated with manliness and honor. Patriarchal systems of governance were later established, specifically the institutions of chieftaincy and kingship, which were key contributors to the deterioration of political positions for females, for example, the Queen Mother. As the dominant political organizations, these institutions have seemingly functioned to shape the experiences of Ghanaian women throughout the history of Asante. This paper argues that the significance of women in the realm of politics and cultural affairs in Akan society were effectively lessened as a result of patriarchy, the manipulation of spirituality, and the influence of militaristic ideals.
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Acheampong, George. „Microfinance, gender and entrepreneurial behaviour of families in Ghana“. Journal of Family Business Management 8, Nr. 1 (09.04.2018): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-09-2017-0028.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between microfinance participation and entrepreneurial behaviour of Ghanaian families as well as the moderating role of the family head’s gender. It is argued from a resource-based theory perspective that microfinance is a financial resource that removes credit constraints to entrepreneurial behaviour of families. However, gender of the family head creates heterogeneity in this relationship in line with the gender theory. Design/methodology/approach In order to test these claims, cross-sectional data from 2,727 families on microfinance participation and household characteristics in Ghana are utilised. Findings The study finds that microfinance participation has a positive and significant relationship with a family’s decision to own an enterprise. Also, the study finds that female-headed families are better utilizers of microfinancial resources for entrepreneurial purposes compared to their male counterparts. This difference is a pure gender effect. Originality/value This finding is in contrast to the dominant stream of gender-based entrepreneurship research that suggests that women are subordinate to men and need to be helped to become “honorary men”. From a policy standpoint, solutions aimed at reversing discrimination against women in economic markets must consider women within their own right. The study makes a contribution to the literature by showing empirically the source of heterogeneity in entrepreneurial returns to microfinance participation by families.
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Pang, Irene. „Banking is for Others: Contradictions of Microfinance in the Ghanaian Market“. Journal of World-Systems Research 22, Nr. 2 (16.08.2016): 510–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2016.640.
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Recent literature on microfinance has observed that commercial microfinance programs that achieve financial sustainability largely fail to reach the poor (Hulme 2000; Mayoux 2000; Cull, Demirgüç-Kunt, and Morduch 2007). Most studies rely on institutional explanations for this failure (Battilana and Dorado 2010; Pache and Santos 2010; Canales 2011). Using a Braudelian conceptualization of a fragmented, three-tiered capitalist world-economy, this study examines how Ghanaian market women finance their businesses within the bottom layer of the capitalist world-economy, and why, despite the availability of commercial microfinance, they continue to rely on informal finance. I argue that commercial microfinance is structurally constrained by contradictions between the profit-driven logic of the upper layers of the capitalist world-economy and the socially-embedded and subsistence-driven logic that organizes the market in which market women operate. I also show that, to the extent that commercial microfinance partially penetrates the market, it disrupts the circulation of financial resources and weakens existing social and economic networks within the community.
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Nchor, Dennis, Václav Klepáč und Václav Adamec. „Effects of Oil Price Shocks on the Ghanaian Economy“. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, Nr. 1 (2016): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664010315.
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The economy of Ghana is highly vulnerable to fluctuations in the international price of crude oil. This is due to the fact that oil as a commodity plays a central role in the economic activities of the nation. The objective of this paper is to investigate the dynamic relationship between oil price shocks and macroeconomic variables in the Ghanaian economy. This is achieved through the use of Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and Vector Error Correction (VECM) models. The variables considered in the study include: real oil price, real government expenditure, real industry value added, real imports, inflation and the real effective exchange rate. The study points out the asymmetric effects of oil price shocks; for instance, positive as well as negative oil price shocks on the macroeconomic variables used. The empirical findings of this study suggest that both linear and nonlinear oil price shocks have adverse impact on macroeconomic variables in Ghana. Positive oil price shocks are stronger than negative shocks with respect to government expenditure, inflation and the real effective exchange rate. Industry value added and imports have stronger responses to negative oil price shocks. Positive oil price shocks account for about 30% of fluctuations in government expenditure, 5% of imports, 6% of industry value added, 17% of inflation and 2% of the real effective exchange rate in the long run. Negative oil price shocks account for about 8% of fluctuations in government spending, 20% of imports, 8% of inflation and 2% of the real effective exchange rate in the long run. The data was obtained from the United States Energy Information Administration and the World Bank’s World Development Indicators.
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Adasi, Grace Sintim. „The Ghanaian PCG Tent Women Clergy as Revolutionaries“. Black Women and Religious Cultures 2, Nr. 1 (Juni 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53407/bwrc2.1.2021.100.06.
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Since 1979, after attaining access to most roles in Ghanaian society and churches, ordained women in various communities have combined duties as Christian ministers with their duties in other professions. The term “tent” refers the women clergy who also are teachers, nurses, medical doctors, bankers, politicians, lawyers, farmers, traders, engineers, professors, soldiers, and more. They successfully combine roles to make themselves revolutionaries. Using library and archival materials as well as data from field research, this study reveals that women leaders in church and society are merging professions so effectively that they deserve acknowledgement for important ministry contributions, especially to the advancement of women. The study recommends that women should be partnered equally with men in their role performance in the church and society.
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Nordstrom, Carolyn. „Women, economy, war“. International Review of the Red Cross 92, Nr. 877 (März 2010): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383110000263.
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AbstractPolitical violence amplifies contemporary trends occurring worldwide in the twenty-first century: globalization, an increasing reliance on the informal economy, a shift from twentieth-century manufacturing to resource and labour wildcatting, and the growth of complex international extra-legal trade networks. Women are central to all of these, though their roles both as leaders of development and victims of violence are often overlooked in mainstream analyses. To explain these invisibilities, this article introduces the concept of vanishing points – places where formal analyses and policy effectively cease, such as the dividing lines between formal and informal economies, and the violence associated with controlling extra-legal profits that is effectively invisible to the public at large. The realities of women's work amid political violence and postwar development, and across the spectrum of in/formality are explored. The conclusions serve to challenge established notions of power, profit, and economy, and the role of gender within these.
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Czech, Katarzyna, und Nicholas Imbeah. „CRUDE OIL EXPORT OF GHANA AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY“. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, Nr. 4 (25.11.2019): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5957.
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The aim of the paper is to illustrate the impact of crude oil commercial production and export launch in Ghana on the country’s economy. The study is conducted based on one factor variance analysis and Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference test. Analysis is related to the Dutch disease paradox. Ghana constitutes an eminent and interesting example of a natural resource-rich country, where oil commercial production started late, in 2011. Monetary policy in Ghana seems to be effective in mitigating the effects of the Dutch disease. Research results imply that the Ghanaian Cedi depreciated rather than appreciated since crude oil export’s launch. Moreover, it is shown that the increase in oil export has not had a significant impact on the export of non-fuel goods. Additionally, the study shows that the launch of oil commercial production was associated with a contraction of agricultural value added. The rise in oil export led to a significant decrease of the rural population share in the total population. The agriculture sector, however, provides the main livelihood for many people in Ghana and the revenue generated in the sector plays an important role in the country’s development. The Ghanaian government should be especially concerned about issues related to agricultural modernisation and education in rural communities.
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Adu-Bonsaffoh, K., D. A. Antwi, S. A. Obed und B. Gyan. „O114 THE ROLE OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PREECLAMPSIA IN GHANAIAN WOMEN“. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 119 (Oktober 2012): S266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(12)60444-5.
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Hisrich, Robert D., und Gyula Fulop. „The Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Hungary’s Transition Economy“. International Studies of Management & Organization 24, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1994): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1994.11656647.
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VERHOEF*, GRIETJIE. „The Role of Women in the South African Economy“. South African Journal of Economics 64, Nr. 3 (September 1996): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1996.tb01129.x.
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Zunaidi, Arif, und Facrial Lailatul Maghfiroh. „The Role Of Women In Improving The Family Economy“. Dinar : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam 8, Nr. 1 (03.08.2021): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/dinar.v8i1.10581.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the role of women in improving the family economy, especially women who work as shallot retail workers. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, namely formulating a data obtained from words or sentences separated according to the intended category to obtain conclusions. The results of this study conclude that women have a role in helping the family economy. The main reasons why women have to work outside rather than domestic work are economic reasons and self-actualization to help their husbands. The economic demands of the family caused these women to choose to become laborers. Helping husband's finances, to pay needs, and pay arisan.
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Abille, Adamu Braimah, Desmond Mbe-Nyire Mpuure, Ibrahim Yahaya Wuni und Peter Dadzie. „Modelling the synergy between fiscal incentives and foreign direct investment in Ghana“. Journal of Economics and Development 22, Nr. 2 (10.09.2020): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jed-01-2020-0006.
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PurposeThe purpose of the paper was to investigate the role of fiscal incentives in driving foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into the Ghanaian economy based on data from 1975 to 2017 with the Eclectic paradigm as the theoretical basis. FDI inflows was the dependent variable whiles trade openness, corporate tax rate, exchange rate and market size were the independent variables with corporate tax rate as the main explanatory variable of interest.Design/methodology/approachThe autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test technique was employed to investigate Cointegration in the model. The results showed the presence of cointegration among the variables.FindingsThe results revealed that corporate tax rates have a significant negative impact on FDI inflows into the Ghanaian economy in the long run and significant positive impact on FDI inflows in the short run. In the context of Ghana, the positive short-run relationship observed is attributed to the lag effect of tax policy on FDI inflows.Research limitations/implicationsOne obvious limitation of the research is that, it does not identify the specific foreign businesses that are more deserving of a low corporate rate and to what extent can that boost FDI inflows in Ghana. Another limitation is that the data analyzed in the paper is exclusively for Ghana and the findings may not be generalized for other countries.Practical implicationsBased on the research findings, it is recommended that the Ghana Revenue Service (GRA) restructures the corporate tax regime in the country to deal with the policy lapses. It is also recommended that low corporate rates should be maintained especially in respect of foreign companies that are into the production of goods and services for which indigenous companies in Ghana have a comparative disadvantage in order to drive FDI into the Ghanaian economy.Originality/valueThis paper is unique for providing up to date and dynamic insights into the tax incentive and FDI nexus in the Ghanaian context.
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Dugas, Lara R., Stephanie Kliethermes, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Liping Tong, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Estelle V. Lambert et al. „Accelerometer-measured physical activity is not associated with two-year weight change in African-origin adults from five diverse populations“. PeerJ 5 (19.01.2017): e2902. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2902.
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BackgroundIncreasing population-levels of physical activity (PA) is a controversial strategy for managing the obesity epidemic, given the conflicting evidence for weight loss from PA aloneper se. We measured PA and weight change in a three-year prospective cohort study in young adults from five countries (Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles and USA).MethodsA total of 1,944 men and women had baseline data, and at least 1 follow-up examination including measures of anthropometry (weight/BMI), and objective PA (accelerometer, 7-day) following the three-year study period. PA was explored as 1-minute bouts of moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) as well as daily sedentary time.ResultsAt baseline; Ghanaian and South African men had the lowest body weights (63.4 ± 9.5, 64.9 ± 11.8 kg, respectively) and men and women from the USA the highest (93.6 ± 25.9, 91.7 ± 23.4 kg, respectively). Prevalence of normal weight ranged from 85% in Ghanaian men to 29% in USA men and 52% in Ghanaian women to 15% in USA women. Over the two-year follow-up period, USA men and Jamaican women experienced the smallest yearly weight change rate (0.1 ± 3.3 kg/yr; −0.03 ± 3.0 kg/yr, respectively), compared to South African men and Ghanaian women greatest yearly change (0.6.0 ± 3.0 kg/yr; 1.22 ± 2.6 kg/yr, respectively). Mean yearly weight gain tended to be larger among normal weight participants at baseline than overweight/obese at baseline. Neither baseline MVPA nor sedentary time were associated with weight gain. Using multiple linear regression, only baseline weight, age and gender were significantly associated with weight gain.DiscussionFrom our study it is not evident that higher volumes of PA alone are protective against future weight gain, and by deduction our data suggest that other environmental factors such as the food environment may have a more critical role.
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Selorme Gedzi, Victor, und George Jr. Anderson. „Situating the Religious Market Theory in Ghanaian Religious Context : Merits and Demerits“. African Journal of Religion Philosophy and Culture 2, Nr. 1 (01.06.2021): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-7644/2020/v2n1a4.
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This study reviewed the religious market theory in relation to the religious economy of Neo-Prophetic Pentecostal-Charismatic churches in Ghana. Using unstructured qualitative interviews and focus group discussions, the study discovered that the theory in its present western context ignored Ghanaian religio-cultural sensibilities that affect decision-making in every aspect of the Ghanaian's life. It also ignored ethical and human rights cases such as flogging or at times stepping on pregnant women for alleged involvement in sinful acts. In other cases, prophets/pastors touch women's private parts for alleged claims of casting out demons. These missing links in the theory appear to produce a distorted view of the realities of religious actors in Ghana. Thus, the analysis implicates the widening of the theoretical framework to encompass the missing links that significantly influence the behavior of religious actors in Ghana.
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Zippay, Allison. „The Role of Working-Class Women in a Changing Economy“. Affilia 9, Nr. 1 (April 1994): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088610999400900103.
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Allotey, Gladys Ami, James J. Watters und Donna King. „Ghanaian science and mathematics teachers’ beliefs about gifted education strategies“. Gifted Education International 36, Nr. 3 (17.08.2020): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261429420946732.
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Ghana is a rapidly developing West African country whose goal is to build a prosperous economy reliant on innovation and technology. Identifying and developing talent in the school system will play a role in achieving this goal; however, there is limited research on the status of gifted education and talent development in Ghana. This study investigated ten Junior High school mathematics and science teachers’ beliefs about giftedness and the strategies they proposed to develop gifted students’ potential into talent. The study drew on data from semi-structured interviews and lesson plans. The findings revealed that teachers had scant knowledge about giftedness and appropriate gifted education strategies. Respondents misconstrued differentiation and acceleration strategies and disregarded their use in developing the gifted. The study highlights the need for the development of a formal policy on gifted education, and the implementation of teacher education programmes that address teachers’ beliefs and knowledge about the gifted and gifted education strategies.
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Diabah, Grace. „The representation of women in Ghanaian radio commercials: Sustaining or challenging gender stereotypes?“ Language in Society 48, Nr. 2 (21.11.2018): 261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404518001343.
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AbstractThe relationship between gender and advertising has been discussed extensively. Scholarly works have often emanated from the West and have principally centred on visual advertisements, rather than radio (which plays a critical role in the lives of many Africans). Most of these studies have centred on how women are represented in traditionally stereotyped ways. However, recent studies have shown decreases in these stereotypes as ways of responding to changes in gender roles. But do gender-related adverts from Africa reflect the changing statuses and roles of African women (some of which challenge traditional gender stereotypes)? This article investigates how women are represented in Ghanaian radio commercials and indicates whether such representations reproduce, reinforce, or challenge feminine practices. An analysis of thirty-seven gender-related adverts reveals that, although women are rarely represented as challenging gender stereotypes, they are sometimes represented as using certain traditionally stereotyped roles as sources of ‘power’ to challenge other stereotypes. (Advertising, gender stereotypes, women, radio, Ghana, ideals of femininity)*
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Adinku, Grace Uchechukwu. „Dipo: The Krobo Ghanaian Puberty Rite and Art“. Matatu 48, Nr. 2 (2016): 450–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-04802013.
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The girl child’s transition from childhood to adulthood, Dipo, is of prime importance in the development of the Krobo community of Ghana. The transition acknowledges the part women play in the welfare of society; hence the performance of elaborate puberty rites for girls. The performance of Dipo puberty rites is therefore regarded as a means of unifying teenage women in their social role and integrating the arts of the Krobo people. Furthermore, it reveals the significance of these different art forms in the life of the Krobo people and in Dipo performance in particular. The problem, however, is that although there are several artistic elements embedded in the performance of Dipo, they have not been documented as art forms; nor have they constituteded a site for critical discussion and appraisal of Ghanaian performing arts. Early historical and anthropological scholarship on Dipo almost completely overlooks these artistic elements. This essay responds to this critical gap by situating Dipo in the context of these artifacts as displayed in multiple phases of ritual ‘installation’ performance. This essay also identifies and examines the specific artistic elements featuring in the rite in order to highlight their embeddedness in and significance to the Krobo people, and, by extension, Ghana. The artistic elements in Dipo include ritualized visual, verbal, body, and theatrical elements, all of which are active and inseparable in the rites. As such, these art forms are analysed and discussed by means of figures and plates, which confirm visually their existence, aesthetic significance, and cultural value.
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Achampong, Francis. „Insurance Regulation in Aid of Development in the Third World: A Look at the Republic of Ghana“. Journal of African Law 30, Nr. 2 (1986): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300006562.
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The role of law as a tool in aid of development is extremely important to less developed economies. In the area of insurance where insurers act as mobilisers of vast amounts of capital, the importance of regulation as a tool facilitating development cannot be overemphasised.In recognition of the increasing importance of insurance activity to the economies of less developed countries, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development has played a leading role in helping developing countries fashion regulatory systems that maximise the contribution of their insurance industries to the development of their local economies.This paper looks at the importance of insurance to the Ghanaian economy and discusses the use of insurance regulation to aid development. The paper first looks at insurance in relation to the national economy as a whole, examining how regulation is used to fulfil the various aspects of the industry's importance in aid of development. The paper then looks at the industry and the important sections of the economy, considering how regulation aids development in these areas by fulfilling the various objectives of the industry.
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Abraham, Abena Yeboah, Fidelia Nana Akom Ohemeng und Williams Ohemeng. „Female labour force participation: evidence from Ghana“. International Journal of Social Economics 44, Nr. 11 (06.11.2017): 1489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-06-2015-0159.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine female labour force participation (FLFP) and their employment choice between the formal and informal sectors after several institutional and social reforms such as Millennium Development Goal 3 aimed at promoting gender equality and empowerment of women by 2015, using data from Ghana’s 2010 Population and Housing Census. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, logit regression and multinomial logit techniques were employed. Findings The results show that FLFP has declined marginally from the 2005 figures; education remains the important factor in determining women’s participation in the formal sector. Strikingly 91 per cent of the FLFP is engaged in the informal sector of the Ghanaian economy, a sector with a very low contribution per head. Practical implications Interventions such as encouraging female education and retraining of self-employed females to improve upon their efficiency ought to be pursued vigorously; whiles developing rural areas for females to get equal labour opportunities and many others aimed at enhancing the efficiency and by inference earning per head of the informal sector is highly recommended. Originality/value The literature on the FLFP is thin in Ghana. The current study uses a census data unlike the previous studies and as such employed a huge sample size that reflects the reality in Ghana. The study contributed immensely to policy having established that 91 per cent of the female labour force is engaged in the informal sectors of the economy, and therefore any intervention targeting at reducing poverty and meeting the MDG 3 should be targeted at the informal sector of the Ghanaian economy.
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R. Agrawal, Sachin, und Gajanan S. Deshmane. „Role of Women Entrepreneurship in Indian Economy: Related Challenges and Opportunities“. Journal of Management and Science 1, Nr. 3 (30.12.2013): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2013.50.
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Woman constitutes the family, which leads to society and Nation. Social and economic development of women is necessary for overall economic development of any society or a country. Entrepreneurship is the state of mind which every woman has in her but has not been capitalized in India in way in which it should be. Due to change in environment, now people are more comfortable to accept leading role of women in our society, though there are some exceptions.
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Ahmadi, Rulam. „The Role of Non-formal Education in Empowering Women to Improve The Family Economy“. EDUTEC : Journal of Education And Technology 4, Nr. 2 (30.12.2020): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/edu.v4i2.161.
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This paper intends to explain the role of non-normal education in empowering women to improve the family economy. Empowerment is an approach in which women are provided with educational or training services so that they have a set of venture capital to improve their economic conditions. This research was conducted using qualitative research methods, namely describing the phenome of the implementation of women's empowerment through non-formal education to improve the family economy as developed by Pahlawan Ekonomi (PE) in the city of Surabaya. The implication of empowering women is the acquisition of a new set of knowledge, experiences, skills, and attitudes so that participants are able to apply them in their daily lives to increase their income.
Economic activities in the family are generally the responsibility of the husband, but not all families are able to meet their needs if they only rely on their income from the husband. Wives (women) generally only receive what their husband's income is, even though women have the potential to participate in increasing family income.
It is time for the participation of women (wives) in improving the family economy to be developed. Women do not only depend on their husband's economic income, but on how they also play a role in supporting the improvement of the family economy. Women's participation in increasing the family economy should start from empowering women through education or training that is suitable for their situation and condition.Education that is suitable for empowering women is integrated non-formal education, namely non-formal education whose content of learning is related to the problems or needs of the families of students, namely improving the family economy.
The results of this study indicate that the participants of non-formal education (through education and training) experienced changes in their mental attitudes and awareness of the importance of women's involvement (wives) in family economic activities. They do not depend on their husbands anymore, and they attend training in economic skills, so that at the end of the activity they acquire a set of skills that can be used to open new businesses that support the family economy.
Keywords: Empowerment, Nonformal Education, Family Economy
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Beezley, Jo Anne. „Women in a Changing Global Economy: 1994 World Survey on the Role of Women in Development“. Journal of Government Information 23, Nr. 4 (Juli 1996): 530–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-0237(96)83730-0.
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Zarinebaf-Shahr, Fariba. „The Role of Women in the Urban Economy of Istanbul, 1700–1850“. International Labor and Working-Class History 60 (Oktober 2001): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547901004495.
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This article examines the role of women in manufacturing and the urban economy of Istanbul during the premodern period. It shows that Ottoman women engaged in a variety of economic activities, and invested in the real estate market. They participated in the textile industry of Bursa, Ankara, and Istanbul as weavers, dyers, and embroiderers. Their labor, however, remained marginal to artisanal production through the guilds. Very few women were accepted into the guilds. They were hired by the putting-out merchants to produce secretly at home. Their input to manufacturing increased in the second half of the nineteenth century when the guilds were losing their monopoly over production.
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Kotzé, Derica A. „Role of Women in the Household Economy, Food Production and Food Security“. Outlook on Agriculture 32, Nr. 2 (Juni 2003): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000003101294352.
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Sophia, Arambam. „WOMEN AND WORK IN MANIPUR“. International Journal of Advanced Research 8, Nr. 11 (30.11.2020): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12024.
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Women in Manipur are noted for their high economic work participation rates. A trip through all the lanes, by- lanes, markets of Manipur will depict active participation of women in economic activity of the economy. There is the all-women Ima Market in the heart of Imphal City which is run almost exclusively by women vendors since ancient times. It seemed as if no other place in India will ever see such active participation of women in economic activity. The culture and ethos of the land speak of womens economic participation from ancient times.From traditional times, women had a greater role to play in the economic life of Manipur, compared to the patriarchy dominated rest of India. They face lesser discrimination than in other parts of the country. Moreover, social norms are such that there is lesser pressure on women to marry, greater freedom in their movement, in choice of occupation and in the choice of their life partner. Hence, they were able to play an active role in the economy. Census data show higher work participation of women in Manipur as compared to overall India, but NSS data do not always show such higher work participation rates, except insome years. Women are always working, in paid and in unpaid work but their work may not be effectively captured in official statistics. Theyconcentrate in the informal sector,in home-based work and in subsistence activities, the magnitude of which are sometimes difficult to capture adequately. The paper uses secondary data to study the employment status of women workers in the economy of Manipur. It shows how women of Manipur participate in productive sectors of the economy and in fact are the backbone of the economy of Manipur.
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Toth, Ariana. „Gendered economy in the Mosquitía: women’s roles in a changing indigenous economy“. Revista Geográfica de América Central 3, Nr. 61E (23.11.2018): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rgac.61-3.7.
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This paper explores frst hand perceptions of Nicaraguan Miskitu women’s role in their local economy. Attention is paid to how economic practices have changed over time and whether change spurred by outside influences – such as corporate ventures and NGOs – have eroded the authenticity of an indigenous economy. Some historical economic practices are explored with a focus on the post-war economy and how political autonomy has affected women’s role. Surveys of Miskitu women obtained during feld research, with support from relevant literature, comprise the main source of information considered.
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Solórzano, David Alejandro Navarrete, und Silvia Vanessa Paz Zambrano. „The activities of rural women in home economy“. International journal of life sciences 4, Nr. 2 (12.06.2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijls.v4n2.427.
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A study was carried out on the rural women and the daily activities that they carry out in their homes and the work of agriculture and livestock; as a producer and participates in the home economy; even though she feels unproductive and the community reinforces that false and cruel mental stereotype. To value the activities of rural women in the home; It is intended to give human and economic value to all the activities carried out by it and to combat the mental stereotype that it is the only man, who intervened in the home economy. Quantitative research, bibliographic review, statistical analysis is carried out by tabulation of the results obtained through the survey applied to rural women. From the researchers' perspective, the role of the peasant woman must be observed and reconsidered as a productive entity to discard ideas outside of what she represents as a thinking human being, free and owner of her decisions.
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OHENEBA-SAKYI, YAW, und BAFFOUR K. TAKYI. „EFFECTS OF COUPLES' CHARACTERISTICS ON CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE GHANAIAN EXAMPLE“. Journal of Biosocial Science 29, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932097000333.
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Using data from the 1988 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, this study examines couples' demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in the context of their attitudes towards family planning, and the impact of these factors on the use of contraceptives. The characteristics of the husbands and their influence on wives' behaviour illustrate the role of intra-household relations between men and women and their effect on fertility-related behaviour in patriarchal African societies.
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Nartey, Edward. „Determinants of carbon management accounting adoption in Ghanaian firms“. Meditari Accountancy Research 26, Nr. 1 (09.04.2018): 88–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-03-2017-0133.
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Purpose Carbon management accounting (CMA) is one part of sustainability accounting designed to provide information for the management of carbon dioxide (CO2) releases. Adopting the contingency framework, this paper aims to examine the contextual antecedents that influence CMA adoption in Ghanaian firms. Design/methodology/approach The paper tests seven contextual dimensions, namely, strategy, structure, size, environmental management system (EMS), decentralization, technology and perceived environmental uncertainty, on CMA adoption from a survey of 125 accountants. Findings Consistent with prior literature, organizational strategy, structure, environmental management accounting (EMA), firm size, technology and perceived environmental uncertainty were found to be positively associated with CMA adoption and hence support contingency theory. However, a relationship between decentralization and EMA adoption was not supported by the sample data. Also, the existence of CMA systems was found to be low in the sample firms, although more than half of the respondents have EMS. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to Ghana hence possible generalization of the results is limited. Further exploration of contingency-based research in other emerging economies would provide valuable insights on CMA adoption and practices to contribute to the CMA literature. Practical implications The findings suggest that although CMA adoption and practices is low in the sampled firms, both contextual and environmental factors play a vital role in the adoption of CMA in developing economies, as it pertains to the generic management accounting systems. Policies governing CMA practice should incorporate organizational contextual factors. Originality/value The paper presents preliminary empirical evidence on the state of adoption and practice of CMA from an emerging economy perspective, an area which lacks empirical investigation both in the EMA and the carbon accounting domain. It draws considerable novelty on the basis that despite the growing interest in climate change-based research empirical works on CO2 emissions conducted exclusively from management accounting perspective, and in developing economies in particular, have been scant. The paper extends the contingency theory framework from conventional practices to the EMA field.
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Qureshi, Farrukh Naseem, und Tehreem Farrukh. „Role of Women in International Business, Management and Trade“. Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 20, Nr. 1 (31.03.2020): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v20i1.163.
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Gender balance is progressively observed as useful for business. The developing cooperation of women in the work has been a significant vehicle of worldwide development and aggressiveness. The discriminatory constraint keeps women from arriving at top positions in business, however women can contribute and add additional boost to the growth and sustainability of the economies. Countries which are open to female contribution in the economy are more economically sound. In this article qualitative technique has been used and findings reveal that women should be given equal opportunity to create women’s economic empowerment and create an inclusive system.
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Qureshi, Farrukh Naseem, und Tehreem Farrukh. „Role Of Women In International Business, Management And Trade“. Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 20, Nr. 1 (08.03.2020): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v20i1.418.
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Gender balance is progressively observed as useful for business. The developing cooperation of women in the work has been a significant vehicle of worldwide development and aggressiveness. The discriminatory constraint keeps women from arriving at top positions in business, however women can contribute and add additional boost to the growth and sustainability of the economies. Countries which are open to female contribution in the economy are more economically sound. In this article Qualitative technique has been used and findings reveal that women should be given equal opportunity to create women’s economic empowerment and create an inclusive system.
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Adu-Gyamfi, Samuel, Razak Mohammed Gyasi, Richard oware und Godwin Adu-Agyeman. „Skin Bleaching Narratives Responses from Women Bleaches and Stakeholders in Ghana (1950s – 2015)“. Ethnologia Actualis 18, Nr. 2 (01.12.2018): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eas-2019-0005.
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Abstract Based on a qualitative design and a qualitative analysis of responses from primary informants and secondary sources we present a narrative on the attitudes and perception of the Ghanaian on skin bleaching. Based on retrospective and thematic analyses the authors conclude that there is the need for education and enforcement of laws that protect the consumer from patronizing cosmetics that bleach the skin. The study further highlights the role of institutions that are responsible for legislating, regulating, preventing and educating the general public. It is envisaged that this article shall reinvigorate the need for further research and discourses on skin bleaching in Africa and Ghana in particular. Policy makers and policy implementers should be spurred on to make a difference.
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Ye, Minting, und Igor Vojnovic. „The Diverse Role of Women in Shaping Hong Kong’s Landscape of Gentrification“. Urban Affairs Review 56, Nr. 2 (27.06.2018): 368–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087418783275.
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Women in different cities, in different parts of a city, or even in the same neighborhood are involved in or affected by gentrification in different ways. Given the increasing socioeconomic status of women and their changing demographic characteristics, women can be viewed as the agents in the growing service economy that are driving gentrification. However, women are also the victims who suffer most from gentrification due to the feminization of poverty, a ubiquitous global phenomenon. Women, being overrepresented among the poor, have confronted great burdens associated with physical and social upgrading. Yet this aspect of women, as victims of gentrification, has not received its due attention, particularly in China. This article explores socioeconomic changes experienced in Hong Kong’s economy between 1986 and 2006, and resulting gentrification processes. It also provides an empirical analysis into the diverse role of women in Hong Kong’s landscape of gentrification, as both agents and victims.
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Cahya, Bayu Tri, Muhammad Soni Salahuddin und Jadzil Baihaqi. „MERETAS PERAN GANDA ISTRI NELAYAN DALAM HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY EMPOWERMENT“. Jurnal Harkat : Media Komunikasi Gender 15, Nr. 1 (26.11.2019): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/harkat.v15i1.13001.
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Abstract. Demak Regency has a coastal area which is one of the livelihoods of fishermen, namely Kampung Rajungan Demak. A part of social potential in Coastal society is women especially fishermen wives. Coastal women has an important role at fishing households. Wives should only be responsible for the domestic sector, but this developes when women fisherman play a role to looking for a living. The involvement of the women fisherman in earning a living creates a double rol in the household. This research assesses the dual role of woman fisheman in the household economy. This research was conducted in Betahwalang Village, Bonang District, Demak Regency. The purpose of this study is to reveal the dual role of women fisherman in empowering the household economy. This research used qualitaive data analysis method with interview, observation and documentation data collection techniques. The results of this research showed that the double role of women fisherman provides a significant contribution in improving the household economy.Abstrak. Kabupaten Demak memiliki wilayah pesisir yang menjadi salah satu sumber mata pencaharian para nelayan yakni Kampung Rajungan Demak. Salah satu komponen potensi sosial dalam masyarakat pesisir adalah kaum perempuan khususnya istri nelayan. Perempuan pesisir memiliki peran penting dalam rumah tangga nelayan. Seyogyanya istri hanya bertanggung jawab pada sektor domestik, namun hal tersebut berkembang apabila kaum istri ikut berperan dalam mencari nafkah. Keterlibatan istri dalam mencari nafkah menimbulkan peran ganda di dalam rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggambarkan peran ganda istri nelayan dalam ekonomi rumah tangga. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Betahwalang Kecamatan Bonang Kabupaten Demak. Tujuan kajian artikel ini adalah mengungkap peran ganda istri nelayan dalam penguatan ekonomi rumah tangga. Metode analisa data yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut menggambarkan bahwa peran ganda istri nelayan memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan dalam penguatan ekonomi rumah tangga.
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Raji, A. O. Y., A. O. Olumoh und S. T. Abejide. „Women and Their Role in the Economy of Pre-Colonial Ilorin , Northern Nigeria“. Oman Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 3, Nr. 5 (Dezember 2013): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0016452.
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Mustafa, Sadaf, M. Sadiq Ali Khan und Ammad Zafar. „Role Of Women In Development Of Pakistan: A Case Study of Women Participation in Labour Force in Pakistan“. Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 13, Nr. 1 (08.09.2016): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v13i1.192.
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This paper highlights the “role of women in development of Pakistan”. Women participation is very vital for the prosperity of economy of Pakistan. Pakistan is a male dominated society despite the fact that its major population consists of women. In Pakistan the women face lots of obstacles when they want to utilize their skills for the growth and development of the country such as religious, political, social and environmental, although education, health and nutrition are the main issues on the top of list of severe problems. The Pakistani women are neglected and targeted by the customs and values of their families and relationships. The drastic fact is that majority of women of Pakistan live in rural areas as compared to the urban areas where they are treated as animals. However, it is also a fact that currently lots of metropolitan women in all provinces perform marvelous activities for the progress of Pakistan. The study reveals women play dynamic role in boosting economy. We cannot ignore the astonishing performance of women in building developed countries.
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Adu-Gyamfi, Samuel, Kwasi Amakye-Boateng, Ali Yakubu Nyaaba, Adwoa Birago Acheampong, Dennis Bafour Awuah und Richard Oware. „Women and Medicine: A Historical and Contemporary Study on Ghana“. Ethnologia Actualis 19, Nr. 2 (01.12.2019): 34–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eas-2020-0003.
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Abstract Women have always been central concerning the provision of healthcare. The transitions into the modern world have been very slow for women because of how societies classify women. Starting from lay care, women provided healthcare for their family and sometimes to the members of the community in which they lived. With no formal education, women served as midwives and served in other specialised fields in medicine. They usually treated their fellow women because they saw ‘women’s medicine’ as women’s business. They were discriminated against by the opposite sex and by the church, which regarded it as a taboo to allow women to practice medicine. This study points to a Ghanaian context on how the charismas of women have made them excel in their efforts to provide healthcare for their people. The study also focused on the role of indigenous practitioners who are mostly found in the rural areas and modern practitioners who are mostly found in the peri-urban, urban areas and larger cities in Ghana.
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van Eijsden, Manon, Gerard Hornstra, Marcel F. van der Wal und Gouke J. Bonsel. „Ethnic differences in early pregnancy maternaln-3 andn-6 fatty acid concentrations: an explorative analysis“. British Journal of Nutrition 101, Nr. 12 (05.11.2008): 1761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508123455.
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Ethnicity-related differences in maternaln-3 andn-6 fatty acid status may be relevant to ethnic disparities in birth outcomes observed worldwide. The present study explored differences in early pregnancyn-3 andn-6 fatty acid composition of maternal plasma phospholipids between Dutch and ethnic minority pregnant women in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, with a focus on the major functional fatty acids EPA (20 : 5n-3), DHA (22 : 6n-3), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20 : 3n-6) and arachidonic acid (AA; 20 : 4n-6). Data were derived from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) cohort (inclusion January 2003 to March 2004). Compared with Dutch women (n2443), Surinamese (n286), Antillean (n63), Turkish (n167) and Moroccan (n241) women had generally lower proportions ofn-3 fatty acids (expressed as percentage of total fatty acids) but higher proportions ofn-6 fatty acids (general linear model;P < 0·001). Ghanaian women (n54) had higher proportions of EPA and DHA, but generally lower proportions ofn-6 fatty acids (P < 0·001). Differences were most pronounced in Turkish and Ghanaian women, who, by means of a simple questionnaire, reported the lowest and highest fish consumption respectively. Adjustment for fish intake, however, hardly attenuated the differences in relative EPA, DHA, DGLA and AA concentrations between the various ethnic groups. Given the limitations of this observational study, further research into the ethnicity-related differences in maternaln-3 andn-6 fatty acid patterns is warranted, particularly to elucidate the explanatory role of fatty acid intakev.metabolic differences.
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Mengstie, Belay, und Amanpreet Singh. „Ethiopian Women Economic Empowerment Through Microfinance“. Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 4, Nr. 2 (15.08.2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v4i2.708.
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Women's economic empowerment a strategy helping women to participate in the process of making decisions, supporting income increment, asset possession. The main aim of this study is to investigate the microfinance impact on women economic empowerment considering age and education as moderators. Data for this study have been collected from 346 respondents of microfinance beneficiary women. For data analysis multiple regression and moderated regression with Hayes (2018) process macro software were used in the study. Regression results showed that credit amount, age, number of training, marital status, education level, have a significant impact on the development of women's economy. However, the business experience has an insignificant impact on the development of women's economy. Moderated regression results revealed that age and education did not have a moderation role in the relationship between microfinance service and on the economic empowerment of women. Microfinance affects women's economic empowerment by improving women's independent income, increasing asset possession levels, and improved monthly saving amount. Moreover, the study proved that the microfinance institution has a vital role in women entrepreneurs' development and business exposure.
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Bazaza, Ola. „Role of Tourism in Global Economic Integration“. Technium Social Sciences Journal 5 (02.03.2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v5i1.151.
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Tourism is considered as one of the major components in the economy, since it increases job creation, enhance the social level, decrease poverty and increases the opportunities for entrepreneurs to prove their skills especially women (Caroline Ashley) . Having an integrated economy where borders are removed, tourism is more facilitated and those countries would benefit economically, where the number of tourists increase. As we can see that the EU region is considered the first destination for tourism, in addition to the nature landscape, having an integrated economy, sharing a single market played a major role in increasing this tourism trips, especially that most tourists are from Europe. Tourism is very important in Lebanon and should be developed, through building a good image, create linkages between different sectors, taking into consideration that we can get short term or long term results accordingly.
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Aydin, Halil İbrahim, Maroua Benghoul und Aniela Balacescu. „Women's Role in Economic Development a Significant Impact in the EU Countries?“ International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 8, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2019010103.
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In the last four decades, the female participation in the economic scene has registered a significant increase in all EU countries. However, on the one hand, men labour participation is higher than women's and on the other hand, there are gaps regarding pay and earnings by gender because women tend to work fewer hours and work in lower-paying sectors than men. The goal of this article is to point out the role of women in fostering the framework in the economy, with a special emphasis on the female labour force and entrepreneurship to support this scope and to provide evidence that the women have a positive impact on economic development. The article argues that the women contribute significantly in the economy development. The research sample consists of the European Union countries and the research was carried out for the period 1968-2017. The empirical part of the study is based on vector autoregressive model analysis.
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Breathnach, Ciara. „The Role of Women in the Economy of the West of Ireland, 1891-1923“. New Hibernia Review 8, Nr. 1 (2004): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2004.0017.
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Agyemang, Otuo Serebour, Emmanuel Aboagye und Joyce Frimpong. „Left to their fate: rights of minority equity holders in Ghanaian firms“. Society and Business Review 10, Nr. 1 (09.02.2015): 40–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-08-2014-0040.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the rights of shareholders, particularly those of minority shareholders in the management of firms in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – As a result of the largely unexplored nature of this issue in Ghana, a qualitative analysis was conducted to offer a painstaking understanding needed. The case study design is in particular relevant for exploring such phenomenon, as it evolves through the experiences of several key players. Findings – Data indicate that minority shareholders’ influence is, in most cases, nil in every aspect of their firms. Whilst majority shareholders have an absolute right to appoint or influence the appointment of top officials of the firms, minority shareholders’ role in the selection is limited. In addition, in regards to control of corporate decision-making processes, unlike the majority shareholders, the minority shareholders do not have any influence on them. Further, in terms of relevant information, whilst the majority shareholders have absolute access to them anytime they desire, the minority shareholders only rely on annual general meetings to get hold of them, thus limiting their access to corporate information. The revelations unambiguously grant the majority shareholders of the firms absolute control rights whilst undermining the rights of the minority shareholders. This paper was concluded by itemizing the implications of our findings for management, regulators and governments. Originality/value – It is believed that this is among the handful of studies that have been conducted using developing or emergent economy data to empirically analyse how minority shareholders wield their rights in emergent economies and to add to the mounting pool of scattered cross-country evidence.
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Pathak, Atul Arun. „Zen room enhances the workplace for NobelTek’s women employees“. Human Resource Management International Digest 23, Nr. 7 (12.10.2015): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-07-2015-0124.
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Purpose – Aims to describe the key role of human resource management (HRM) in providing a better workplace environment to women employees at NobelTek, India, thereby stemming attrition and increasing employee satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Describes how a few simple changes made by HR managers to the workplace layout and design can make a tremendous difference to the life of women, especially expectant mothers. Draws on interviews with the company management team and the author’s observations. Findings – Shows that, quite often, poorly designed workplaces mean that women cannot deliver to their full potential. HRM can play a key role in improving this. Practical implications – Reveals how HRM’s interventions led to employees continuing to contribute to software-development projects and managing their own health and well-being simultaneously. This means that the talent and experience of women employees remain available to the company. Social implications – Research shows that many women withdraw from the formal economy, either temporarily or permanently, when they become mothers, or are about to become mothers. HRM can play a crucial role in ensuring that women stay in employment longer and continue to contribute to the economy during their pregnancy. This not only benefits the company but also the economy and society as a whole. Originality/value – Considers the context of expectant mothers working in the software industry. Provides insights into how the challenges faced by expectant mothers can be reduced and overcome by well-designed and implemented HRM practices.
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Zaheer, Rummana, Saman Hussain und Muhammad Nadeemullah. „Agricultural Development And The Role Of Women's Self- Employment In Pakistan“. Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 16, Nr. 1 (08.03.2018): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v16i1.118.
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Pakistan aimed to achieve the target of 5.5% of GDP growth for the fiscal year 2015-16, of which 3.9% is expected to catch from the agricultural sector. In the economy, about 42.3% of the total employment is attributed by the agricultural sector, of which about 72.7% is contributed by the 48.96% of the total population, the WOMEN. Female as first-line labor force never receive the consideration of their actual contribution in the development on national basis. Like other developing economies of the world, Pakistan must to focus to expose and utilize the potential of the women labor force in agriculture. The discussion on the agricultural development of Pakistan with reference to women's self-employment is done in this study. Along review of literature and empirical studies, to facilitate the discussion and conclusion, annual time series data from the period of 1985 to 2015 under the regression analysis is taken. The variables taken, to discuss the strength and nature of association with the agricultural development of Pakistan by selfemployment of women, are gross domestic product of agriculture, literacy rate of women, women employed in agriculture and domestic credit disbursement to agriculture sector. The study expects the significant result withal positive association of variables to the development of the economy.