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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Robotique et neurosciences“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Robotique et neurosciences"
Jouvent, R. „Demain les Psychothérapies“. European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.252.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMissa, Jean Nöel. „Biodiversité, philosophie transhumaniste et Avenir de l’homme“. Revista Colombiana de Bioética 8, Nr. 1 (18.11.2015): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18270/rcb.v8i1.1021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Robotique et neurosciences"
Aklil, Nassim. „Apprentissage actif sous contrainte de budget en robotique et en neurosciences computationnelles. Localisation robotique et modélisation comportementale en environnement non stationnaire“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066225/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDecision-making is a highly researched field in science, be it in neuroscience to understand the processes underlying animal decision-making, or in robotics to model efficient and rapid decision-making processes in real environments. In neuroscience, this problem is resolved online with sequential decision-making models based on reinforcement learning. In robotics, the primary objective is efficiency, in order to be deployed in real environments. However, in robotics what can be called the budget and which concerns the limitations inherent to the hardware, such as computation times, limited actions available to the robot or the lifetime of the robot battery, are often not taken into account at the present time. We propose in this thesis to introduce the notion of budget as an explicit constraint in the robotic learning processes applied to a localization task by implementing a model based on work developed in statistical learning that processes data under explicit constraints, limiting the input of data or imposing a more explicit time constraint. In order to discuss an online functioning of this type of budgeted learning algorithms, we also discuss some possible inspirations that could be taken on the side of computational neuroscience. In this context, the alternation between information retrieval for location and the decision to move for a robot may be indirectly linked to the notion of exploration-exploitation compromise. We present our contribution to the modeling of this compromise in animals in a non-stationary task involving different levels of uncertainty, and we make the link with the methods of multi-armed bandits
L'haridon, Louis. „La douleur et le plaisir dans la boucle motivation-émotion-cognition : les robots en tant qu'outils et que modèles“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1342.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, I explore the integration of pain, its perception, its features, and its sensory process into robotic models, focusing on its influence on motivation-based action selection architecture. Drawing inspiration from clinician psychology, neurobiology, and computation neuroscience, I aim to provide a framework with different perspectives to study how bio-inspired pain mechanisms can affect decision-making systems.Pain plays a crucial role in biological systems, influencing behaviors essential to survival and maintaining homeostasis, yet it is often neglected in emotional models. In humans and other animals, pain serves as an adaptive response to noxious stimuli, triggering protective actions that prevent harm and promote recovery. This thesis seeks to improve action selection by incorporating pain and its related features into robots, extending the current understanding of artificial agents and exploring how robots can use pain to modulate behavior, adapt to threats, and optimize survival.Embracing the embodied Artificial Intelligence paradigm and building upon prior work on motivation-based action selection models, this thesis proposes to study different perspectives on pain and its impact on action selection.First, I provide an overview of related work and the state of the art in relevant disciplines.In the initial part of this work, I propose an enhanced motivation-based action selection architecture by introducing an embodied model that enables robots to perceive and respond to noxious stimuli. Using artificial nociceptors, I simulate the sensation of damage in robotic agents and compute the emotional state of pain as an artificial hormone. This model investigates how varying levels of pain perception influence behavioral responses, with results emphasizing the adaptive value of pain modulation in action selection, particularly in extreme or hazardous environments.Next, I introduce an artificial hormonal neuromodulation mechanism featuring a simulated cortisol hormone that modulates the action selection process. This cortisol mechanism incorporates temporal dynamics, resulting in habituation and sensitization processes. I demonstrate how hormonal neuromodulation can lead to emergent behaviors that improve the overall response of robotic agents to environmental variability in extreme scenarios.Additionally, I propose a novel framework for tactile sensing in mobile robotic platforms. This framework computes a nociceptive and mechanoceptive process capable of localizing and classifying noxious and tactile stimuli. In collaboration with Raphaël Bergoin, we send this sensory signal to a spiking neural network, demonstrating the segregation of cortical areas for nociceptive and mechanoceptive signals and learning embodied sensory representations.Finally, I present an integrated action selection architecture that combines these new mechanoceptive and nociceptive sensory processes, behavioral responses, hormonal neuromodulation, and the learning of embodied representations. This architecture is examined in a social context with varying levels of interaction with predators. I highlight the importance of social interaction in learning embodied sensory representations and demonstrate how this cortex-based model improves hormonal management and action selection in dynamic environments.In conclusion, I discuss the results of this research and offer perspectives for future work
Ouanezar, Sofiane. „Contrôle moteur par le cervelet et interface Cerveau-Machine pour commander un doigt robotique“. Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00577959.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGirard, Benoît. „Modélisation neuromimétique : Sélection de l'action, navigation et exécution motrice“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551248.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChaillet, Antoine. „Contributions à l'analyse de la stabilité et de la robustesse des systèmes non-linéaires interconnectés et applications“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781999.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKhamassi, Mehdi. „Rôles complémentaires du cortex préfrontal et du striatum dans l'apprentissage et le changement de stratégies de navigation basées sur la récompense chez le rat“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688927.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoualla, Aliaa. „Un robot au Musée : Apprentissage cognitif et conduite esthétique“. Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn my thesis I treat the subject of autonomous learning based on social referencing in a real environment, "the museum". I am interested in adding and analyzing the mechanisms necessary for a robot to pursue such a type of learning. I am also interested in the impact of a specific and individual learning to each robot on the whole of a group of robots confronted with a known situation or on the contrary new, more precisely:In the first chapter, we will discuss in a didactic way the tools needed to understand the models and methods that we will use throughout our work. We will discuss the basics of neural formalism, conditioning learning, categorization, and dynamic neural fields.In the second chapter, we will briefly present the biological visual system then we will review a state of the art of different models dealing with visual perception and object recognition. As part of a bio-inspired approach, we will then present the model of the visual system of the "Berenson" robot, the sensorimotor architecture allowing to associate an emotional value with an observed object. Then we study the performances of the visual system with and without space competition mechanism.In the third chapter we will move to the level of human-machine interactions, we will show that the interest of visitors to the robot does not only depend on its shape, but on its behavior and more specifically its ability to interact on an emotional level. (here facial expressions). We first analyze the impact of the visual system on the low level control of robot actions. We show that the low level of the spatial competition between the values associated with the zones of interest of the image is important for the recognition of objects and thus affects the coherence of the behavior of the robot and therefore the legibility of this behavior. . We then introduce modifications on the control of eye, head and body movements inspired by biological processes (change of the frame of reference). In the end, we analyze the tests performed in the museum to assess the readability of the behavior of the robot (its movements and facial expressions).In the fourth chapter, our work continues with the addition of inspired bio-based neural mechanisms that allow the emergence of important joint attention capacity to achieve more "natural" interactions with visitors to the museum but also to discuss a point from a theoretical point of view the emergence of the notion of agency. Berenson represents today a form of experimentation unique in the social sciences as in development robotics.In the fifth chapter, we will focus on evaluating the effect of the emergence of aesthetic preferences on a whole population of robots (in simulation). We argue that the variability of learning offered by special environments such as a museum leads to the individuation of robots. We also question the interest of teaching artificial systems using a single large database in order to improve their performance. Avoiding a uniform response to an unknown situation in a population of individuals increases its chances of success
Avrin, Guillaume. „Modélisation du contrôle moteur humain lors de tâches rythmiques hybrides et application à la commande de robots anthropomorphes“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS334.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe identification of the neurbiological principles underlying human motor control is a very active reseach topic. Indeed, human movement has a level of robustness and dexterity still unmatched by robots. The objective is therefore to better understand the origin of this efficiency to replicate these performances in robotics. It has been shown that spinal rhythm generators, known as Central Pattern Generators (CPG), are responsible for the generation of rhythmic movements such as locomotion and respiration in vertebrates. These CPG constitute dynamic nonlinear systems modulated by sensory signals and descending signals from the cortex to adapt the behavior to the changing environment.The present study hypothesizes that visual information is also coupled to the CPG and that these couplings are responsible for the temporal and spatial synchronization observed during rhythmic visuomotor tasks. This assumption is confronted with experimental results from human participants performing ball bouncing, a well-known benchmark in neuroscience and robotics for its intrinsic dynamic properties. This task allows for the investigation of rhythmic movement generation by spinal networks, the temporal synchronization with the environment, the on-line correction of spatial errors and the interception of ballistic projectiles.This thesis proposes an innovative mathematical behavioral model based on a neuronal oscillator whose attractor, which defines the paddle trajectories, is modulated on-line by the visual perception of the ball trajectory. The relevance of the model is validated by comparison with experimental data and models previously proposed in the literature. The robustness of this control strategy is quantified by an asymptotic stability analysis. The bio-inspired controller presented in this thesis harmoniously combines a prospective control of the ball-paddle synchronization, an intermittent parametric control that scales the movement and a control emerging from the coupled system limit cycle. It efficiently reproduces the human modulation in motor action and performance during ball bouncing, without relying on movement planning or explicit internal representation of the environment. The results of this study lead to the realistic assumption that much part of the human behavior during ball bouncing is directly structured by sensory information and on-line error correction processes, in agreement with the behavioral dynamics theory. This control architecture holds promise for the control of humanoid robots as it is able to ensure stability and energy saving through control laws of reduced complexity and computational cost
Hirel, Julien. „Codage hippocampique par transitions spatio-temporelles pour l'apprentissage autonome de comportements dans des tâches de navigation sensori-motrice et de planification en robotique“. Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660862.
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