Thematische Bibliographien / Risk board game

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Risk board game“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 23. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 4. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Risk board game"

Tan, Bariş. „Markov Chains and the RISK Board Game“. Mathematics Magazine 70, Nr. 5 (01.12.1997): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2691171.

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Tan, Bariş. „Markov Chains and the RISK Board Game“. Mathematics Magazine 70, Nr. 5 (Dezember 1997): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0025570x.1997.11996573.

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Maliphant, Sarah A., und David K. Smith. „Mini-Risk: Strategies for a Simplified Board Game“. Journal of the Operational Research Society 41, Nr. 1 (Januar 1990): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2582934.

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Osborne, Jason A. „Markov Chains for the RISK Board Game Revisited“. Mathematics Magazine 76, Nr. 2 (01.04.2003): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3219306.

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Maliphant, Sarah A., und David K. Smith. „Mini-Risk: Strategies for a Simplified Board Game“. Journal of the Operational Research Society 41, Nr. 1 (Januar 1990): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1990.2.

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Osborne, Jason A. „Markov Chains for the RISK Board Game Revisited“. Mathematics Magazine 76, Nr. 2 (April 2003): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0025570x.2003.11953165.

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Lee, Choongmeong, Sujin Bae, Jae Jun Nam, Jae Chan Jin und Doug Hyun Han. „Development and Verification of a Web Board Game Scale“. Psychiatry Investigation 17, Nr. 2 (25.02.2020): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.0180.

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Objective Our previous study suggested that monitoring online board gamers may be an efficient approach to curb illegal gambling. We aimed to invent and validate a behavioral scale for assessing the risk of problematic web-based board gaming.Methods The sample included 300 Korean adults, representing a response rate of 3.1%. All participants were asked to complete a set of questionnaires, which included questions on demographic variables, patterns of online board gaming, and the web-based board game scale score. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine whether the items on the new behavioral scale would indicate a risk of pathologic web-based board gaming behavior.Results The internal consistency of the 17-item scale was high (Cronbach’s α=0.89). The test-retest reliability of the 17-item scale in a randomly selected sample of 100 participants in 2 weeks was r=0.77 (p<0.001). The criterion-related validity based on a comparison of the total behavioral scale scores between the high-risk group and low-risk group was relatively high. The data obtained from the 300 participants were acceptable for a factor analysis. After removing 7 items from the 17-item scale, internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) of the 10-item scale increased to 0.936.Conclusion These results showed that the 10-item version of the scale appeared to be more valid than the 17-item version. We suggest that the 10-item web-based board game behavioral scale is a useful tool for assessing the risk of pathologic web-based board gaming.

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Bernosky, Joseph. „Manager to Manager -- Risk: Not Just a Board Game“. Journal - American Water Works Association 108 (01.04.2016): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0063.

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van der Laan Smith, Joyce A. „Understanding Foreign Exchange Risk: An Instructional Simulation Exercise“. Issues in Accounting Education 28, Nr. 1 (01.09.2012): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-50311.

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ABSTRACT: This paper presents an instructional exercise designed to promote the learning of foreign exchange risk and accounting for foreign currency transactions. To promote critical thinking skills, the exercise uses an unstructured problem-solving format. I use the United Kingdom (U.K.) MONOPOLY™ board game to simulate a U.S. company investing in London real estate. Students conduct all transactions, on account, in British Pounds (GBP), maintain journals in U.S. dollars (USD), and prepare financial statements at game-end in USD. The instructor sets the exchange rate at the beginning of the game, changes it mid-game, and then offers a forward contract. The instructor alters the exchange rate again at the end of the game. Students perceived the exercise as effective in understanding foreign exchange risk and in learning the accounting for foreign currency transactions. Content analysis of students' responses about the exercise reveals that the most frequently used words in the comments were “fun” and “learn.”

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Churyk, Natalie Tatiana, Alan Reinstein und Gerald Harold Lander. „Leasing: reducing the game of hiding risk“. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 11, Nr. 2 (01.06.2015): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-10-2012-0099.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the status and implications of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB) forthcoming standard on leases. The proposal arose from concern that many lease obligations are unrecorded on the balance sheet and that current accounting for lease transactions does not represent fully the economics of many lease transactions. Design/methodology/approach – On September 20, 2012 and September 25, 2012, the Boards decided to account for some lease contracts using an approach similar to their proposed 2010 leases exposure draft (interest and depreciation) and to account for some leases using an approach that results in a straight-line lease expense. On May 13, 2013, the Boards decided to continue to account for some lease contracts on a straight-line basis, and others on an amortization basis separate from interest expense. Identification of the type of lease requires a two-step process at lease commencement, and all leases are recorded identically at inception. The subsequent measurement gives rise to differences. Some concerns are that an increase in assets and liabilities may result in debt covenant breaches that will require renegotiation and adjustment. Findings – While understanding that many financial users, preparers and auditors favor retaining the current and long-standing leasing standards, the FASB and IASB should recognize many unexpected consequences of its new proposals, including the changing of many long-held financial ratios and the resultant violations of many bank loan covenants. Research limitations/implications – The only limitation is that this manuscript is not based on primary empirical data. There are no implications for the study’s purpose is an update of a proposed FASB/IASB standard, an analysis of the empirical impact studies that have been done, a questionning of whether a new standard is really needed or that the current standard is not being implemented properly, and guidance for the implementation at transition and on-going for the proposed standard. This study gives a reader a compact update, implications, ramifications and guidance for preparation of a new standard if it is passed. Practical implications – The new rules will alter many key financial metrics that investors use to determine company valuations and credit agencies use to determine credit worthiness. Some items will improve, such as gross margin, cash flow from operations and earnings before interest and taxes. Reported interest coverage and return on assets will be lower under the new rules. Industries that make extensive use of operating leases such as transportation, banking, telecommunications, retail and real estate will be most affected. Social implications – In the best case scenario, the new standard would destroy approximately 190,000 US jobs. US gross domestic product (GDP) would be reduced by $27.5 billion annually. In the best case, the household earnings would be reduced by $7.8 billion annually. In the worst case, this decrease is $135.2 billion a year. The apparent liabilities of US publicly traded companies would increase by $1.5-$2 trillion, the equivalent gross state product of 20 states. Approximately $1.1 trillion of this would be attributable to balance sheet recognition of real estate operating leases, while the remainder would come from recognizing equipment and other leases as liabilities. Originality/value – The value of this research is the unique analysis of the proposed lease standard, and in looking at why the previous models did not work or did they? Is it the current requirements that are wrong or their implemenation? The reader is given a detailed overview of the proposed standard, its economic and social impacts, an update of the proposed standard, what companies must do now to get ready for the transition and on-going requirements, and a discussion of the tremendous opposition to any proposed changes in the current lease requirements from what they are.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Risk board game"

Olsson, Fredrik. „A Multi-Agent System for playing the board game Risk“. Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3780.

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Risk is a game in which traditional Artificial-Intelligence methods such as for example iterative deepening and Alpha-Beta pruning can not successfully be applied due to the size of the search space. Distributed problem solving in the form of a multi-agent system might be the solution. This needs to be tested before it is possible to tell if a multi-agent system will be successful at playing Risk or not. In this thesis the development of a multi-agent system that plays Risk is explained. The system places an agent in every country on the board and uses a central agent for organizing communication. An auction mechanism is used for negotiation. The experiments show that a multi-agent solution indeed is a prosperous approach when developing a computer based player for the board game Risk.
I brädspelet Risk är det svårt att använda traditionella Artificiell-Intelligens-metoder eftersom sökrymden är extremt stor. Lösningen till detta kan vara att använda distribuerad problemlösning i form av ett multi-agent system. Detta måste testas innan man kan säga om ett multi-agent system är framgångsrikt, eller ej, i att spela Risk. Denna uppsats går igenom utvecklingen av ett multi-agent system som spelar Risk. Systemet placerar en agent i varje land på brädet och använder en central agent för att organisera kommunikationen. En auktionsmekanism används vid förhandlingar. Experimenten visar att ett multi-agent system är en framgångsrik infallsvinkel vid utveckling av en datorbaserad spelare för brädspelet Risk.

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Bolin, Jakob, und Nico Palmroos. „Monte-Carlo Tree Search Used for Fortification in the Game of Risk“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297698.

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The strategy game Risk is a very popular boardgame, requiring little effort to learn but lots of skill to master.The aim of this project is to explore the fortification phase of thegame, where the player’s troops are moved between territories.Our method is based on adapting Monte Carlo tree search(MCTS) to Risk. To improve the troop movements, we proposetwo techniques, hierarchical search and progressive bias. Thesemethods, combined with other extensions of MCTS are thencompared against a baseline player of the game. Our results showthat hierarchical search improved the MCTS agent’s playingpower and the progressive bias have potential to improve theagent but needs further investigation.
Strategispelet Risk är ett väldigt populärt brädspel som är lätt att lära sig men svårt att bemästra. Syftet med detta projekt är att utforska spelets befästningsfas, där spelarens trupper flyttas mellan territorier. Vår metod är baserad på en anpassning av Monte Carlo trädsökning (MCTS) till Risk. För att förbättra trupprörelserna föreslår vi två tekniker, ”hierarchical search” och ”progressive bias”. Dessa metoder, i kombination med andra tillägg av MCTS, jämförs sedan mot en standard agent i spelet. Våra resultat visar att hierarchical search förbättrade MCTS agentens spelstyrka och att progressivce bias har möjlighet att förbättra agenten men kräver fortsatt utforskning.
Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2020, KTH, Stockholm

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Bücher zum Thema "Risk board game"

Baby boomer games: Identification & value guide / Rick Polizzi. Paducah, KY: Collector Books, 1995.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Risk board game"

Elliott, Andrew C. A. „Shaping the Risk“. In What are the Chances of That?, 299–314. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869023.003.0017.

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The board game backgammon illustrates that we can control the effects of risk by understanding chances, controlling our exposure to risk, and attending to the preparation of our responses. If we understand the risks we face in a financial context, hedging strategies can allow us to shape the overall risk by offsetting some or all of it, but this comes at a price. Financial futures and options are some of the tools that allow financial risks to be shaped in creative ways. Where risks are poorly understood, though, these financial engineering approaches may not always be effective, and have in the past led to financial difficulties.

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Verhezen, Peter. „What to Expect From Artificial Intelligence in Business“. In Challenges and Opportunities of Corporate Governance Transformation in the Digital Era, 61–90. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2011-6.ch004.

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We are increasingly living in a digital world, where companies attempt to adapt to a new context of Industry 4.0. The authors believe that artificial intelligence and the use of logarithms will alter the game of competition. Digitization is moving our economy away from “financial capitalism” to “data capitalism,” and companies and their boards need to adopt the way they operate and steer the organization to new ecosystems where personalized service becomes part of the new digital strategy. Basically, it is not a battle of AI versus humans, but rather finding a way to enhance the collaboration of AI and humans in organizations. Despite the enormous potential benefits of AI, boards should not ignore the darker side of AI, namely the potential biasedness and sometimes unfairness of algorithms and privacy concerns and the ubiquitous cyberthreats. This is why proper data governance at the board level is needed. The authors suggest that this becomes a critical success factor to be addressed at boards, either as part of the risk management or strategic committee or as a separated digitization committee.

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Woolley, David R. „PLATO: The Emergence of Online Community“. In Social Media Archeology and Poetics. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034654.003.0005.

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In the early 1970s, two decades before the World Wide Web came on the scene, the PLATO system pioneered online discussion forums and message boards, email, chat rooms, instant messaging, remote screen sharing, and multiplayer games, leading to the spontaneous emergence of the world's first online community. David R. Woolley, one of the creators of PLATO's social media features, describes this vibrant but unplanned community, and chronicles the development of the software that unexpectedly gave rise to it on a system that was intended primarily for computer-based education.

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Essid, Joe. „Internet Past Tense“. In Advances in Social Networking and Online Communities, 188–205. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5150-0.ch011.

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From the time of privately hosted computer bulletin boards to the rise of social networking, USENET hosted a broad array of newsgroups that hobbyists enjoyed. At The Sandbox group for collectors of 1:6 scale GI Joe toys, members developed a set of conventions governing an online community without moderation, countered trolls, and established reputations for fairness among members using pseudonyms. In time, however, these conventions began to weaken as the hobby waned in popularity. Eventually, The Sandbox at USENET came to an end as a vital community, and a diaspora to Facebook and privately hosted, moderated forums followed. This chapter studies how the USENET community worked socially, how its language evolved, and its fate when what the author calls “the Old Internet” gave way to today’s array of social-networking and multimedia applications.

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Cumbler, John T. „Cities and Industry, Sewage and Waste“. In Reasonable Use. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195138139.003.0007.

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In 1886, James Olcott, a farmer, “having been bred in the old anti-slavery reform,” gave a speech before the Agricultural Board of Connecticut. Recalling an earlier age, he encouraged his audience and “the common people” of Connecticut to “agitate, agitate,” in order to “cleanse” the state of the “social evil” of the pollution “by sewage from families and factories, festering in every pool, and mill pond—formerly trout holes.” Olcott reminded the farmers that “our best hold on polluted streams reform lies in the fact that the mischief has brought on us its calamitous consequences in this country with such rapidity that men and women too not very greyhaired and in full bodily and mental vigor can shut their eyes and review the whole matter from its beginning.” The history Olcott conjured up was the transformation of a clean, clear environment from “one of the most salubrious to one of the worst in the world.” The change was intimately linked to the rise of industrial cities like Bellows Falls, Chicopee, Hartford, New Britain, and Holyoke. Although Olcott’s remembrance of the past was partly colored by romantic notions of a purer age, the pollution he pointed to was indeed a problem of growing obviousness and concern. Reflecting the rapid change that had occurred over the last quarter century, the Massachusetts State Board of Health complained that with the growth of densely populated industrial cities, the old habits of disposing of waste contributed to “a large part of the filth in our state,” and that “often the water which is used for domestic purposes [is disposed of] by being thrown upon the surface of the ground, or collected in loosewalled vaults and cesspools,” which might have been acceptable in a rural community but caused concern in the new industrial cities. As the New Hampshire Board of Health noted in 1887, looking back over the last few decades, “when men mass, . . . the conditions at once become aggravated. . . . Man comes in with his artificial constructions and sweeps away much of this economy of nature.”

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Kluge, Alexander. „No Farewell to Yesterday“. In Difference and Orientation, herausgegeben von Richard Langston, 218–26. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739200.003.0014.

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This chapter studies Alexander Kluge's reflections on the organizational politics that gave rise to New German Cinema as seen through the uncertainty of cinema's future in the new millennium. It has been nearly fifty years since a group of young filmmakers, who up until that point had distinguished themselves only with shorts, spoke up at the Short Film Festival in Oberhausen. In their now-famous Oberhausen Manifesto they demanded a renewal of the intellectual attitude in filmmaking in a direction toward authenticity and away from commerce; an intellectual center for German film, meaning film education; and opportunities for young filmmakers to make their first films. The Kuratorium junger deutscher Film (Board for Young German Film) emerged out of the final demand with an endowment of five million marks. North Rhine-Westphalia's funding agency for short film, which formed the foundation of the Oberhausen group, added up to 800,000 marks distributed over six years. A shift in German film occurred right from the start. At that point, the history of film was seventy years old. What later grew out of the Oberhausen movement up until Rainer Werner Fassbinder's death filled a quarter of this history. This included lots of mistakes, a lot of claims to fame, variety, enthusiasm, and many works that have enriched the history of film.

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Minow, Martha. „On Other Shores: When is Separate Inherently Unequal?“,. In In Brown's Wake. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195171525.003.0011.

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Even before it was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court, Brown v. Board of Education had a global profile. Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal in a work that the Carnegie Corporation commissioned in 1944 in search of an unbiased view of American race relations, supplied a searing indictment of America’s treatment of the “Negro,” and his work, An American Dilemma, became a key citation in the Court’s famous footnote eleven. Initially, President Dwight D. Eisenhower showed no sympathy for the school integration project and expressed suspicion that the United Nations and international economic and social rights activists were betraying socialist or even communist leanings in supporting the brief. But as the United States tried to position itself as a leader in human rights and supporter of the United Nations, the Cold War orientation of President Eisenhower’s Republican administration gave rise to interest in ending official segregation, lynchings, and cross burnings in order to elevate the American image internationally. The Department of Justice consulted with the State Department on the drafting of an amicus brief in Brown that argued that ending racially segregated schools would halt the Soviet critique of racial abuses tolerated by the U.S. system of government and thereby help combat global communism. Ending segregation emerged as part of a strategy to win more influence than the Soviet Union in the “Third World.” African-American civil rights leader and journalist Roger Wilkins later recalled that ending official segregation became urgent as black ambassadors started to visit Washington, D.C., and the United Nations in New York City. Tracking the influence of Brown in other countries is thornier than tracking its influence inside the United States where the topic has motivated a cottage industry in academic scholarship. As this book has considered, the litigation has by now a well-known and complicated relationship to actual racial integration within American schools. Some argue that the case exacerbated tensions and slowed gradual reform that was already under way.

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„person’s use of the Bible as the most important religious authority was implicitly to devalue the elaborate edifices protecting scriptural interpretation that prevailed in all the historic European churches, Protestant as well as Catholic. The institutions compromised by such logic included established churches defined as authoritative communicators of divine grace through word and sacrament, institutions of higher learning monopolized by the establishment in order to protect intellectual activity from religious as well as rational error, and the monarchy as the primary fount of godly social stabil-ity. British Protestant Dissent moved somewhat more cautiously in this direction. But even after the rise of Methodism and the reinvigoration of the older Dissenting traditions, the strength of evangelicalism among British establishmentarians never permitted the kind of thoroughly voluntaristic ecclesiology that prevailed in the United States. On questions of establishment, post-Revolutionary American evangeli-calism marked a distinct development from the colonial period when the most important evangelical leaders had spoken with opposing voices. Some, like Charles Wesley, whose hymns were being used in America from the 1740s, remained fervent defenders of the status quo. Some, like George Whitefield, gave up establishment in practice but without ever addressing the social implications of such a move and without being troubled by occa-sional relapses into establishmentarian behaviour. Some, like the Baptists in America from the 1750s, renounced establishment with a vengeance and became ardent proponents of disestablishment across the board. Some, like the American Presbyterian Gilbert Tennent, eagerly threw establishment away in the enthusiasm of revival, only later to attempt a partial recovery after enthusiasm cooled. Some, like John Wesley, gave up establishment instincts reluctantly, even while promoting religious practices that others regarded as intensely hostile to establishment. Some, like Francis Asbury, the leader of American Methodists, gave it up without apparent trauma. Many, like Jonathan Edwards and the leading evangelical laymen of the Revolutionary era – John Witherspoon, Patrick Henry and John Jay – never gave up the principle of establishment, even though they came to feel more spiritual kinship with evangelicals who attacked established churches (including their own) than they did with many of their fellow establishmen-tarian Protestant colleagues who did not embrace evangelicalism. By the late 1780s, except in New England, this mixed attitude towards formal church and state ties had been transformed into a nearly unanimous embrace of disestablishment. Even in Connecticut and Massachusetts, where evangelical support of the Congregational establishments could still be found, the tide was running strongly away from mere toleration towards full religious liberty. Methodism was an especially interesting variety of evangelicalism since its connectional system retained characteristics of an establishment (especially the human authority of Wesley, or the bishops who succeeded Wesley). But“. In The Rise of the Laity in Evangelical Protestantism, 160–61. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203166505-77.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Risk board game"

Neves, Atila, Osvaldo Brasāo und Agostinho Rosa. „Learning the risk board game with classifier systems“. In the 2002 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/508791.508904.

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Kaprielian, Gabriel. „Design as Play: Sea-Level Rise Planning Board Game“. In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.39.

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The waterfront along the San Francisco Bay is facing a growing threat from sea-level rise. Over the years, the Bay Area has seen a large portion of the historic wetlands filled or leveled off for residential, commercial, and industrial land uses. According to current sea level rise projections, water will once again reclaim the bay lands that have been filled. The issues presented by sea level rise along the urban edge of the San Francisco Bay involve a complex series of challenges including: regional versus local governance, built versus natural environment, vulnerable local and regional infrastructure, diverging interests with diverse stakeholders, and population growth. With each possible future scenario come multiple outcomes with winners and losers. How can the best policy and design be selected and tested? How will distinct communities learn about different options and strategies for adaptation and be empowered to act? By creating and playing a sea level rise adaptation “game,” student were able to explore these different scenarios and inform future urban planning and design decisions.

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Ralph, W. Carter, und Frank W. Joyce. „Strain-Based Flexure Assessment for the Printed Circuit Board Assembly Environment“. In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82565.

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Mechanical damage to due to over-flexure is an increasing concern in the printed circuit board assembly environment. This damage can result in part rejection during manufacturing, or may combine with other failure mechanisms to result in field returns. Therefore, flexure control during circuit board assembly is a vital part of overall product quality. A metric has been developed for component-specific strain-based flexure limits using a spherical bend mode and a novel strain metric, along with a detailed method for strain gage measurement in the assembly environment. This paper presents a review of the trends that have contributed to the increased risk of damage, as well as the development of the diagonal strain metric and the use of the spherical bend mode. These methods have been successfully employed to identify excessive flexure and reduce risks to function and reliability. Two case studies that demonstrate the application and effectiveness of the procedures are presented.

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Surovtsev, Dmitry, Parth Joshi und Muhammad Usman Sethi. „The Dusk of MEFS in the Digital Era of Exploration Value Creation“. In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21458-ms.

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Abstract The concept of minimum economic field size (MEFS) has been used by explorationists for almost four decades. MEFS is often the only filter to distinguish between a commercial and a non-commercial discovery—far before a wildcat well is drilled—to test a prospect for a working petroleum systems hypothesis. As simple as it gets, the concept started to lose traction in the 21st century as subsurface targets became more and more challenging. In the case of tight hydrocarbons, it is fairly common to observe a P90 case net present value (NPV) to be negative, a P50 case to be positive, and a P10 case to be negative again. The reason for this outcome is that a whole set of full-cycle factors, in addition to the field size, affects prospect commerciality. Their uncertainty ranges can match or exceed resource estimate uncertainty. These factors include, but are not limited to, initial productivity of development wells, estimated eltimate recovery (EUR) per well, decline curve parameters, capital investments, operating costs, and the project phases’ durations. A new way of handling the full universe of risks and uncertainties faced by modern explorers is already available in the new generation of industry-leading integrated prospect risk, resource and value assessment software. Innovators and thought leaders can already substitute MEFS with a commerciality threshold (CT) that neatly mimics board considerations at the final investment decision (FID) stage gate. Others can consider the economic chance of success (ECOS) estimated with a probabilistic full-cycle mindset, as an additional metric valuable for risk management purposes. Using fictional case studies inspired by real-life assessment situations, we discuss the additional value creation by a CT-powered workflow as compared to an MEFS-based one and explain the reasons for the key differences. The discussed workflow does not eliminate nature-specific uncertainties; neither does it reduce the geological risk. However, it helps to better understand human-controlled risks and prepare management exploration decisions with a greater degree of confidence.

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Cabral, Gabriel Rodrigues, Helvio Ferreira da Silva, Anderson Takehiro Oshiro, Leandro Cerqueira Trovoado, Thierry Hernalsteens, Joao Francisco Fleck Heck Britto und Leandro De Assis Pinto. „FPU Mooring Footprint Reduction in Buzios Field: Key Driver to its Successful Subsea Layout“. In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31274-ms.

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Abstract Buzios field development has the potential to implement several production systems due to large reservoir volumes. Considering the oil specification, the drive to use standard solutions already in place in Pre-salt area, associated with the high production indexes of the wells, Petrobras decided to tie back all production wells in satellite configuration. These facts, together with geological hazards in the area, lead to a potentially congested seabed scenario. Hence, FPU positioning has been challenging and demanding innovative engineering solutions to optimize FPU mooring as to overcome these challenges and enable FPU positioning close to wells. This optimization gave birth to new issues, such as risk of clashing between mooring lines and lazy-wave flexible risers. Integrated riser and mooring lines dynamic analysis, together with subsea layout assessment were performed to ensure technical and economic feasibility. Furthermore, due to the Buzios reservoir, well design requirements and subsea layout specificities, all FPU were located on the edge of the reservoir and flexible risers were tied back mainly from only one board of each FPU. Hence, enhancing clearance between bow and stern mooring clusters and the optimization of the risers’ configuration were of paramount importance for enabling most of the risers’ connections on the desirable board. FPU mooring optimization led to up to 30% of mooring lines’ radius reduction (horizontal projection), and an average of up to 500m per flowline reduction, saving CAPEX, OPEX and increasing the return on investment.

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Schneider, Jerry, Jeffrey Wagner und Judy Connell. „Restoring Public Trust While Tearing Down Site in Rural Ohio“. In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7319.

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In the mid-1980s, the impact of three decades of uranium processing near rural Fernald, Ohio, 18 miles northwest of Cincinnati, became the centre of national public controversy. When a series of incidents at the uranium foundry brought to light the years of contamination to the environment and surrounding farmland communities, local citizens’ groups united and demanded a role in determining the plans for cleaning up the site. One citizens’ group, Fernald Residents for Environmental Safety and Health (FRESH), formed in 1984 following reports that nearly 300 pounds of enriched uranium oxide had been released from a dust-collector system, and three off-property wells south of the site were contaminated with uranium. For 22 years, FRESH monitored activities at Fernald and participated in the decision-making process with management and regulators. The job of FRESH ended on 19 January this year when the U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel Bodman and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Stephen Johnson — flanked by local, state, and national elected officials, and citizen-led environmental watchdog groups including FRESH — officially declared the Fernald Site clean of all nuclear contamination and open to public access. It marked the end of a remarkable turnaround in public confidence and trust that had attracted critical reports from around the world: the Cincinnati Enquirer; U.S. national news programs 60 Minutes, 20/20, Nightline, and 48 Hours; worldwide media outlets from the British Broadcasting Company and Canadian Broadcasting Company; Japanese newspapers; and German reporters. When personnel from Fluor arrived in 1992, the management team thought it understood the issues and concerns of each stakeholder group, and was determined to implement the decommissioning scope of work aggressively, confident that stakeholders would agree with its plans. This approach resulted in strained relationships with opinion leaders during the early months of Fluor’s contract. To forge better relationships, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) who owns the site, and Fluor embarked on three new strategies based on engaging citizens and interested stakeholder groups in the decision-making process. The first strategy was opening communication channels with site leadership, technical staff, and regulators. This strategy combined a strong public-information program with two-way communications between management and the community, soliciting and encouraging stakeholder participation early in the decision-making process. Fluor’s public-participation strategy exceeded the “check-the-box” approach common within the nuclear-weapons complex, and set a national standard that stands alone today. The second stakeholder-engagement strategy sprang from mending fences with the regulators and the community. The approach for dispositioning low-level waste was a 25-year plan to ship it off the site. Working with stakeholders, DOE and Fluor were able to convince the community to accept a plan to safely store waste permanently on site, which would save 15 years of cleanup and millions of dollars in cost. The third strategy addressed the potentially long delays in finalizing remedial action plans due to formal public comment periods and State and Federal regulatory approvals. Working closely with the U.S. and Ohio Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA) and other stakeholders, DOE and Fluor were able to secure approvals of five Records of Decision on time – a first for the DOE complex. Developing open and honest relationships with union leaders, the workforce, regulators and community groups played a major role in DOE and Fluor cleaning up and closing the site. Using lessons learned at Fernald, DOE was able to resolve challenges at other sites, including worker transition, labour disputes, and damaged relationships with regulators and the community. It took significant time early in the project to convince the workforce that their future lay in cleanup, not in holding out hope for production to resume. It took more time to repair relationships with Ohio regulators and the local community. Developing these relationships over the years required constant, open communications between site decision makers and stakeholders to identify issues and to overcome potential barriers. Fluor’s open public-participation strategy resulted in stakeholder consensus of five remedial-action plans that directed Fernald cleanup. This strategy included establishing a public-participation program that emphasized a shared-decision making process and abandoned the government’s traditional, non-participatory “Decide, Announce, Defend” approach. Fernald’s program became a model within the DOE complex for effective public participation. Fluor led the formation of the first DOE site-specific advisory board dedicated to remediation and closure. The board was successful at building consensus on critical issues affecting long-term site remediation, such as cleanup levels, waste disposal and final land use. Fluor created innovative public outreach tools, such as “Cleanopoly,” based on the Monopoly game, to help illustrate complex concepts, including risk levels, remediation techniques, and associated costs. These innovative tools helped DOE and Fluor gain stakeholder consensus on all cleanup plans. To commemorate the outstanding commitment of Fernald stakeholders to this massive environmental-restoration project, Fluor donated $20,000 to build the Weapons to Wetlands Grove overlooking the former 136-acre production area. The grove contains 24 trees, each dedicated to “[a] leader(s) behind the Fernald cleanup.” Over the years, Fluor, through the Fluor Foundation, also invested in educational and humanitarian projects, contributing nearly $2 million to communities in southwestern Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. Further, to help offset the economic impact of the site’s closing to the community, DOE and Fluor promoted economic development in the region by donating excess equipment and property to local schools and townships. This paper discusses the details of the public-involvement program — from inception through maturity — and presents some lessons learned that can be applied to other similar projects.

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Ghaffarian, Reza. „Damage and Failures of CGA/BGA Assemblies Under Thermal Cycling and Dynamic Loadings“. In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63062.

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Commercial-off-the-shelf column/ball grid array packaging (COTS CGA/BGA) technologies in high-reliability versions are now being considered for use in high-reliability electronic systems. For space applications, these packages are prone to early failure due to the severe thermal cycling in ground testing and during flight, mechanical shock and vibration of launch, as well as other less severe conditions, such as mechanical loading during descent, rough terrain mobility, handling, and ground tests. As the density of these packages increases and the size of solder interconnections decreases, susceptibility to thermal, mechanical loading and cycling fatigue grows even more. This paper reviews technology as well as thermo-mechanical reliability of field programmable gate array (FPGA) IC packaging developed to meet demands of high processing powers. The FPGAs that generally come in CGA/PBGA packages now have more than thousands of solder balls/columns under the package area. These packages need not only to be correctly joined onto printed circuit board (PCB) for interfacing; they also should show adequate system reliability for meeting thermo-mechanical requirements of the electronics hardware application. Such reliability test data are rare or none for harsher environmental applications, especially for CGAs having more than a thousand of columns. The paper also presents significant test data gathered under thermal cycling and drop testing for high I/O PBGA/CGA packages assembled onto PCBs. Damage and failures of these assemblies after environmental exposures are presented in detail. Understanding the key design parameters and failure mechanisms under thermal and mechanical conditions is critical to developing an approach that will minimize future failures and will enable low-risk insertion of these advanced electronic packages with high processing power and in-field re-programming capability.

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