Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Rider`s localization“

This investigation presents the spatial localization to the main contamination types and their influence over an area to the Middle Chile between the parallel 32° y 34° Lat. S. In this region the geographic zone more affected are: the coastal zone, the Marga-Marga creek basin and the Aconcagua river basin. The urban and industrial contamination are the main pollution in Middle Chile, fundamentally owing to the vigorous demographic concentration in this place. The chilean poublic and comunal organism are very interest inorder to control this pollution types.

The potentially detrimental impact of groundwater discharge into rivers on the ecosystem services provided by the river makes the localization of groundwater discharge areas as well as the quantification of the associated mass fluxes an issue of major interest. However, localizing groundwater discharge zones and evaluating their impact are challenging tasks because of (i) the limited number of suitable tracers and (ii) the high spatio-temporal variability of groundwater/river water interaction in general. In this study, we applied the ubiquitous naturally occurring radioactive noble gas radon (222Rn) as an aqueous tracer to localize and quantify groundwater discharge along a 60 km reach of the upper German part of the major river Elbe under drought conditions. All radon data processing was executed with the numerical implicit finite element model FINIFLUX, a radon mass balance-based approach, which has been developed specifically to quantify the groundwater flux into rivers. The model results were compared to the tritium (3H) distribution pattern in the studied river reach. The results of the study proved the applicability of both (i) the methodical approach (i.e., radon as tracer) and (ii) the application of FINIFLUX to drought conditions (with river discharge rates as low as 82 m3/s vs. a long time mean of 300 m3/s). Applying the model, the recorded dataset allowed differentiating between groundwater baseflow, on the one hand, and interflow and surface water runoff distributions to the river, on the other. Furthermore, the model results allowed assessing the location and the intensity of groundwater discharge into the river under low flow conditions. It was also shown that analysing discrete river water samples taken from distinct points in a major stream might lead to slightly incorrect results because of an incomplete mixing of river water and locally discharging groundwater. An integrating sampling approach (as applied for radon) is preferable here.

The article introduces some information about the expeditionary studies on the archaeological sites located on the banks of the Middle Kiya River valley. The authors believe that the Kiya is one of the main rivers for such important historical and cultural area of South Siberia as the Kiya – Chulym interfluve. The expeditionary studies have been conducted here since the late XIX century; however, professional archaeological studies began as late as in the 1950s. The paper describes the excavations conducted by A. I. Martynov, G. S. Martynova, I. I. Baukhnik, A. M. Kilemzin, A. V. Tsirkin, A. P. Okladnikov, V. I. Molodin, V. V. Bobrov, A. S. Vasyutin, V. N. Zharonkin, P. V. German, A. V. Fribus, and P. G. Sokolov. It focuses on the carefully planned excavations conducted on the banks of the middle forest-steppe part of the Kiya River valley. Seven expeditions discovered eighty previously unknown archaeological sites. While performing the historiographic mapping of archaeological sites, the authors took into account the type of artifact and the type of archaeological study. The authors analyzed the localization of the archeological sites near the villages of Shestakovo and Chumay and the city of Mariinsk published by A. M. Kulemzin and I. I. Baukhnik and compared them with the results of the mapping. They defined the territory as a single Middle-Kiya archaeological microdistrict that includes the archaeological complexes of Shestakovo, Chumay, and Archekas (Mariinsk). The article also includes some preliminary ideas about the types of archaeological studies, as well as typological and chronological description of the monuments.

In recent years, highly liquid precious metals have been mined in the Russian Far East. The state fund has no facilities with confirmed reserves. However, there is a real possibility of reviving the ‘old’ mining areas. Based on the Lower Amur region (Khabarovsk region) the prospects of gold reserves accumulation using ‘small’ fields (in 50-80-s conception) are considered. It deems new to determine the potential of these facilities from the viewpoint of large-scale mineralization and to involve the territory under consideration in the assessment of the gold-bearing manifestations. ‘Reference’ deposits were selected and their specific productivity was assessed, which was extended to similar by properties manifestations. Within the Lower Amur region, geological investigations revealed about 300 small deposits and mineral occurrences. 34 objects localized at the clusters of submeridional and sublatitudinal faults intersection, were identified as promising. Basically, the gold-ore blocks were compared with the ‘standards’: Belogorsky (near-surface), Dyappe (subvolcanic) and Zimovye (hypabyssal). The determining factors were the structural features of mineralization localization, facies conditions, the ores composition and metasomatites, the zonality of ore-metasomatic formations, the erosion of objects and the completeness of hydrothermal processes. The author’s assessment is confirmed by the results of exploration works at 15 ‘small’ deposits and ore occurrences, with the transfer of 11 of them to the category of large and medium-sized.

The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the floristic and phytocoenotic diversity within widespread association of acute sedge meadows Caricetum gracilis Savich 1926 in the floodplain of the Desna River (Bryansk and Smolensk regions, Russia). Available geobotanical data on Desna floodplain, collected in the last 40 years, allowed identifying the main dynamic trends in the syntaxonomical space. Based on 36 relevés made by the authors in 1975–1990 previously (Bulokhov, 2001) 3 subassociations, which communities were prevalent in the Desna valley, were established: Caricetum gracilis typicum, С. g. oenanthetosum aquaticae, С. g. beckmannietosum eruciformis. As a survey of the Desna floodplain in 2015–2018 showed, both flow decrease and drop in the level of spring flood and groundwater in the XXI century have led to a change in the appearance, floristic composition, and structure of acute sedge meadows. Xerophytization of the floodplain resulted in the disappearance of the С. g. oenanthetosum aquaticae and С. g. beckmannietosum eruciformis communities. Drying of typical habitats of moist acute sedge meadows became the background of the formation of diverse communities of other types in their place. In the coenoflors of these communities changes occurred at the class level from Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941 to Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937. Two groups of communities have been formed. The first group is represented by syntaxa of the alliance Magnocaricion gracilis (class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea): Caricetum gracilis typicum with variant Achillea salicifolia as well as by the communities Lythrum salicaria, Calystegia sepium, Calamagrostis canescens. The share of the alliance characteristic species in their coenofloras is 54–64%, and Carex acuta, as a rule, dominates. The second group represents the communities of wet meadows (order Molinietalia caeruleae) of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. The alliance Deschampsion cespitosae is established with subass. Poo palustris–Alopecuretum pratensis typicum (with three variants: Veronica longifolia, Hierochloё odorata, Galium physocarpum) and three communities (Cirsium arvense, Lysimachia vulgaris, Stachys palustris) The share of characteristic species of the order in their coenofloras is 58–95%. All communities and variants form series along the moisture gradient in habitats of acute sedge meadows. Communities Lythrum salicaria, Calystegia sepium, Calamagrostis canescens are distributed in the wettest and richest in mineral nitrogen habitats in the Middle Desna area, in the former long-flooded low-level floodplain. The other ones occur, first of all, in the Upper and Middle Desna areas on a short- and long-flooded floodplain of an average level. These communities are forming on moist and fresh soils. The variants and communities on the gradients of moisture and the richness of mineral nitrogen of the soil were ordinated using the ecological scales of H. Ellenberg et al. (1992). Serial communities form an ecological-dynamic sere on a humidity gradient, showing the direction of their dynamics. The same localization of studies carried out both in 1975–1990 and in 2015–2018 identified changes in vascular plant coenoflora of the ass. Caricetum gracilis for this period: from 62 species in 1975–1990 to 143 species in 2015–2018. There are three groups of species, which reflects these changes. Besides species affine to the class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea, numerous meadow herbs of the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea appeared: Agrimonia eupatoria, Agrostis tenuis, Bromopsis inermis, Carex praecox, Dactilys glomerata, Dianthus deltoides, Elytrigia repens, Equisetum arvense, Festuca pratensis, Galium mollugo, Geranium pratense, Galium physocarpum, Hieracium umbellatum, Hierochloё odorata, Lathyrus pratensis, Odontites vulgaris, Poa pratensis, Potentilla argentea, Potentilla erecta, Phleum pratense, Vicia cracca. A complex of ruderal explerent and nitrophilous species with numerous alien ones has been formed: Bidens frondosa, Chamaenerion angustifolium, Cirsium arvense, Echinocystis lobata, Epilobium adenocaulon, E. collinum, E. pseudorubescens, E. tetragonum, Erigeron annuus, E. canadensis, Lactuca serriola, Linaria vulgaris, Senecio jacobaea, Sonchus arvensis. Most of these species are anemoсhores, and their presence in the sedge communities is associated with open site formation due to the soil drying between hummocks, as well as the destruction of sedge tussocks under drying and fire. Over the past decade invasive species Bidens frondosa, Erigeron annuus subsp. septentrionalis, E. canadensis,and Lactuca serriola have become an ordinary component of the Desna’s river valley flora. Trees and shrubs (Acer negundo, Betula pendula, Frangula alnus, Quercus robur, Rosa majalis, Salix cinerea, S. pentandra, Swida alba) enter into meadow communities because the lack of haymowing. The following changes in the life form spectrum took place due to the floodplain xerophytization and acute sedge meadow transformation: the proportion of long-rhizome species decreased, while that of rod-root, short-rhizome, and annuals increased; trees and shrubs appeared. Obvious also are changes in the ecobiomorphspectrum: the proportion of mesomorphic species increased, that of hygromophic and mesogygromorphic ones decreased; xero-mesomorphic plants appeared.

Described in Primary Chronicle under 912 the story of the unusual circumstances of the death of Kyiv pagan prince Oleh the Prophetic is connected to Kyiv topographic realities, contemporary for chronist, in particular, to the toponym «Oleh Tomb», also known from other sources. According to this chronicle Oleh Tomb was placed on the hill Shchekovytsya but the exact localization of the latter is not provided. In the middle of the 19th century Kyiv people called Shchekovytsya the high hill rising over the Podil on the west side. In the works of the later Kyiv scholars this hill was unequivocally identified with Chronicle Shchekovytsya where they localized the grave of Oleh. This view was challenged by P. G. Lebedyntsev who suggested localizate the Oleh Tomb not on Shchekovytsya / Skavitsya but on the western slope of the Starokyivsky Plateau, on Kudryavka, opposite the Lybid’ River, near the Zhidovsky (Lviv) Gate of Medieval Kyiv. Basing on the analysis of Kyiv Chronicle information the scientist concluded that the toponym «Oleh Tomb» is separated from Shchekovytsya in the annals. The explanation of this contradiction in the chronicle was proposed by one of the best experts in the historical topography of Old Kyiv — M. I. Petrov. He suggested that under the name of Shchekovytsya one should consider not only the Podil hill but also all surrounding ravines and highlands. The Shchekovytsya ridge of mountains and hills stretched from the east to the southwest from the present Shchekovitsa hill to the edge of the present Lviv Square. The common for whole this territory name Shchekovytsya became gradually decay due to the large scale construction of the city in the 18th century and the appearance of proper names of new urban areas. The version of the death and burial of Oleh in Ladoga where one of the central and largest hills got the name «Oleh Tomb» is still popular in historiography, especially Russian. This mound was explored by archaeologists. The cremation burial was discovered under the barrow. It was dated to earlier (9th century) time than the date of Oleh death. Because of the impossibility of this «grave» to be burial place of the Prince of Kyiv, G. S. Lebedev has proposed to consider it the «Oleh Hill» — a «ritual seat» which had some public and religious functions. Despite the hypothetical nature of such interpretation the ghost of Oleh finds the visible features in Ladoga. At the end of the last century in Old Ladoga the stone was erected on that mound with a memorial plaque proclaiming this site of the 9th—10th centuries «The tomb of Prince Oleh the Prophetic». The story of the death of Kyiv pagan prince Oleh the Prophetic «due to horse» contained in the Primary Chronicle under 912 was compilled, apparently, on the base of some archaic mythological song or historical anecdote. It wins over not its factual authenticity but psychological one. However, there is no reason to doubt that Oleh died in Kyiv. The death of the prince, who was crowned with warrior glory, prompted his followers to muse about the choice of a place for the building of the great barrow over his grave. The slopes of the Lysa Gora (Yurkovytsia), where the pagan necropolis had already been laid near Oleh courtyard, probably seemed them to be cramped. This may have been the reason for choosing among the highlands, which rise above the Podil, the beautiful terrain of Kudryavka in the upper reaches of the Hlybochytsa river. The barrow built in the 10th century was probably quite large which explains the relatively long life of «Oleh Tomb» in the Kyiv toponimic.

Abstract To respond as quickly as possible in a given task is a widely used instruction in cognitive neuroscience; however, the neural processes modulated by this common experimental procedure remain largely elusive. We investigated the underlying neurophysiological processes combining electroencephalography (EEG) signal decomposition (residue iteration decomposition, RIDE) and source localization. We show that trial-based response speed instructions enhance behavioral performance in conflicting trials, but slightly impair performance in nonconflicting trials. The modulation seen in conflicting trials was found at several coding levels in EEG data using RIDE. In the S-cluster N2 time window, this modulation was associated with modulated activation in the posterior cingulate cortex and the superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, in the C-cluster P3 time window, this modulation was associated with modulated activation in the middle frontal gyrus. Interestingly, in the R-cluster P3 time window, this modulation was strongest according to statistical effect sizes, associated with modulated activity in the primary motor cortex. Reaction–time feedback mainly modulates response motor execution processes, whereas attentional and response selection processes are less affected. The study underlines the importance of being aware of how experimental instructions influence the behavior and neurophysiological processes.

Abstract. Pissaparn M, Phimphan S, Chaiyasan P, Tanoamtong A, Liehr T, Suwannapoom C, Reungsing M, Supiwong W. 2020. First chromosome analysis of Thai pufferfish Pao cochinchinensis (Steindachner, 1866). Biodiversitas 21: 4309-4316. Here first analysis of chromosomes and nucleolar organizer region (NOR) pattern in pufferfish Pao cochinchinensis (Steindachner, 1866) was undertaken. Chromosomal preparations were obtained from kidney of P. cochinchinensis from Chi River basin in Thailand. Chromosomal characteristics were analyzed by Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR banding as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using microsatellites d(CA)15 and d(CGG)10 probes. P. cochinchinensis had 2n = 40 with the fundamental number (NF) 74, both in male and female. The karyotype exhibited 12 metacentric (m), 10 submetacentric (sm), 12 acrocentric (a) and 6 telocentric (t) chromosomes. No differentiated heteromorphic sex chromosomes were observed. NORs were located on short arms adjacent to telomere of the metacentric chromosome pair 4, which coincide with signals of d(CGG)10 probe. FISH with d(CGG)10 sequences were also displayed at the telomeres of most other chromosomes, whereas d(CA)15 repeats highly accumulated throughout almost all entire chromosomes except for centromeric regions. The results of conventional Giemsa staining presented the differentiation even the same genus. The localization of NORs on one pair of chromosomes only is a common characteristic found in many fish groups as well as other vertebrates. Mapping of two distinct microsatellites demonstrated the remarkable chromosomal diversification that characterizes evolution in the genus Pao. Both, conventional and molecular cytogenetics are excellent tools to study, and better understand chromosomal evolution, as well as to uncover biodiversity among fishes.

This Master’s thesis deals with designing a measuring device that would record driver’s movements during dynamic riding states known as localization, and based on the recorded data creating a simulation in multi-body software. The first part reviews the current state of knowledge in the field of photogrammetry, sensors, and motorcycles’ characteristics. Moreover, the second part focuses on constructing the measuring device, practical aspects of data collection, processing, and evaluation in multi-body software.